J Behav Addict. 2019 Me 23: 1-11. Pule: 10.1556 / 2006.8.2019.22.
Antons S1, Mueller SM1, Wegmann E1, Trotzke P1, Schulte MM1, M. M1,2.
TULAGA MA MANATU:
Faʻaaogaina le Initaneti Faʻataʻitaʻiga (IP) faʻaaogaina e talanoaina o se maʻi faʻafitauli tele. Ona o lona natura sili ona tauia, o le IP o se tauvaga muamua mo amioga ua fai ma vaisu. Ae ui i lea, e le o tagata taʻitoʻatasi e atiaʻe se mamanu faʻaaogaina le tulafono. O le mea moni, o le toʻatele o tagata e faʻaaogaina le IP faʻafiafiaga. O faʻalavelave faʻapipiʻi o le Impulsivity ua faʻamautuina e avea ma tagata faʻalauiloaina amioga faʻafeusuaiga. E le o manino pe o nei faʻatulagaga e le aʻafia ai le tino e patino mo le faʻaaogaina o le IP le tulafono poʻo le faia foi o se vaega i faʻafiafiaga ae masani ona faʻaalia. I totonu o lenei suʻesuʻega, sa matou suʻesuʻeina ai lagona tuʻinanau (faʻaletonu le mafaufau, tolopoina o le faʻaaogaina, ma le mafaufau), naunau i le IP, uiga faaalia e uiga i le IP, ma faiga masani i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma faʻafiafiaga, taimi faʻafiafia-masani, ma le faʻaaogaina IP.
METHODS:
O le aofaʻi o 1,498 male tamaʻitaʻi tane na auai i se suʻesuʻega i le initaneti. Vaega o tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma faʻafiafiaga faʻafiafiaga faʻapitoa (n = 333), faʻafiafiaga-faʻaaoga soo (n = 394), ma le faʻatonutonu faʻaaogaina (n = 225) o le IP na faʻailoa mai e masini siaki.
TULAFONO:
O le faʻanoanoa ma uiga e uiga i le IP faʻapea foʻi le tuai o le faʻasalaga ma le faʻaaogaina o uiga masani ma fesuisuiai e eseese lava i le va o vaega. O tagata taʻitoʻatasi e leʻi faʻaaogaina le tulafono na latou faʻaalia ai le maualuga o togi mo le naunau, le gauai le mafaufau, tolopo le tosoina, ma le le lelei o le taulimaina, ma togi maualalo mo le taulimaina o galuega ma le manaʻomia mo le suʻega. O faʻafiafiaga-e masani ona faʻaaogaina e le aufaʻataulaga le uiga sili ona lelei i le IP. O masini ma le le faʻaaogaina o le faʻalauiloaina e leʻi eseese i le va o vaega.
TALANOAGA MA FAAIUGA:
O taunuʻuga e iloa ai o nisi vaega o le le mautonu ma isi mea faʻapitoa e pei o le naunau ma le uiga le lelei o uiga patino mo tagata e le tulafono tulafono IP. O taunuʻuga e ō gatasi ma faʻataʻitaʻiga i faʻafitauli faʻaogaina faʻainitaneti faʻainitaneti ma amioga ua fai ma vaisu.
KEYWORDS: Initaneti ponokalafi faʻaaoga le atoatoa; amioga ua fai ma vaisu; amioga mataga faʻamalosi; amioga le mafaufau
PMID: 31120316
FAIA: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.22
tua
Kafka (2010) faʻatulagaina le uiga e le masani ai le "maʻi feusuaʻi" (HD) o se vaega e aofia ai i le lomiga lona lima Fuainumera Faʻailoga ma Fuainumera Faʻamaumauga o Manatu o Mafaufauga (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). E le gata i lea, o le uiga feusuaʻiga ua faʻatulagaina mo le aofia ai o le le atoatoa o le faʻafeusuaiga o amio i totonu ole ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014). O le vaega ua fautuaina e faʻaalia i se faʻaauau faifai pea o le le mafai ona pulea le malosi, toe faʻaalia o lagona feusuaiga, po o faʻamalosiaga e mafua ai amioga faʻafeusuai e mafua ai le tele o mafatiaga po o faʻaletonu i vaega taua o le galue, mo se faataitaiga,Kraus et al., 2018). Ma le isi, o le suʻesuʻega e aofia ai le faʻaauauina o amio faʻafeusuaiga e ui lava i ni faʻafitauli matuia poʻo le le mauaina o se mea itiiti pe leai foi mai ai. O le le aofia i le suʻesuʻega o le faʻafitauli o le mafaufau e fesoʻotai i faʻasalaga amiolelei poʻo le le taliaina e uiga i tuʻinanauga, tuʻinanauga, poʻo amioga (feusuaiga)Kraus et al., 2018). O le mea sili, o le faʻavae o le HD (Kafka, 2010) e talitutusa ma le faʻavae ua fuafuaina mo amioga mataga tau feusuaʻiga. Ae ui i lea, o le tulaga ua fuafuaina o le HD e le manino le vavaeeseina o le siakiina ona o mafatiaga e fesootaʻi ma le amio saʻo e uiga i faigaaiga. E le gata i lea, latou te le o aofia ai le faʻaauauina o amioga tau feusuaiga e ui lava e itiiti le leai o se maliega mai ia te ia o se faitioga. O lenei suʻesuʻega e suʻesuʻeina ai uiga talafeagai o amioga feusuaʻi, e pei o faailoga o le atuatuvale, o faʻamaoniga o faafitauli tau fesoʻotaiga vavave, ma amioga faʻafeusuai. Ina ia suesueina nei uiga, o se suesuega i luga o le initaneti sa faia i se toatele o le gagana Siamani, e aofia ai tamaitai ma alii.
O le tele o faʻamatalaga e uiga i le masani ai o amioga feusuaʻiga e faʻatapulaʻaina i tamaʻitaʻi, ae o loʻo maua pea i luga o faʻataʻitaʻiga o fafine ma tamaʻitaʻi e le o se tamaʻitaʻi tane (mo se iloiloga, vaʻai Montgomery-Graham, 2017). E foliga mai o amioga faʻafeusuaiga e taatele i alii nai lo tamaitai (Skegg, Nada-Raja, Dickson, & Paul, 2010; Walton, Cantor, Bhullar, & Lykins, 2017). Faʻamaumauga talu ai nei na faʻaalia e suʻega faʻatusa o fafine (n = 1,174) ma aliʻi (n = 1,151) maua ai o le 7% o fafine ma le 10.3% o aliʻi i le Iunaite Setete na faʻaalia tulaga talafeagai o le mafatiaga ma / pe faʻaletonu ona o faigata i le puleaina o faʻanaunauga, lagona, ma amioga (Dickenson, Gleason, Coleman, & Miner, 2018).
Cybersex o se faamalu mo le tele o gaoioiga tau feusuaiga i luga o le initaneti, mo se faataitaiga, o le ponoina o ponokalafi i luga o le initaneti (Wéry & Billieux, 2017). O le "triple-A engine" o loʻo faʻamatalaina ai le siitia o cybersex - e aofia ai le "Access-Affordability-Anonymity," o mea uma ia o le Initaneti ua sili atu ona faʻamaonia i taimi uma (Cooper, 1998). O le mea moni, o suʻega a sui e faailoa mai o le toʻatele o tagata (64% -70%) ma le kuata i le tolu o fafine (23% -33%) ua matamata i ponokalafi i le tausaga talu ai (Grubbs, Kraus, & Perry, 2018; Rissel et al., 2016). O faʻataʻitaʻiga o ponokalafi e eseese ma le itupa ma le matua, faatasi ai ma alii e sili atu nai lo fafine (Janghorbani & Lam, 2003; Træen, Nilsen, & Stigum, 2006).
O amioga faʻafeusuaiga ma uiga o faʻafitauli afaina e masani ona fesootai. Tasi suesuega muamua (Weiss, 2004) faʻatusatusa le faʻalavelave o le atuatuvale i totonu o se faʻataʻitaʻiga o faʻafeusuaiga e faʻafeusuaʻi tamaʻitaʻi (N = 220) ia 28%, faʻatusatusa i le fuafuaina maualuga o le 12% i le aofaʻi o aliʻi lautele. I le tuʻufaʻatasia, o iʻuga e taʻu mai ai le maualuga o le 28% –69% mo faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi o le mafaufau i amioga faʻafeusuaiga (Kafka & Hennen, 2002; Raymond, Coleman, & Miner, 2003; Weiss, 2004).
O amioga faʻafeusuaiga e masani lava ona faʻaalia e ala i le tele o faʻataʻitaʻiga o faʻamalama ma faʻasalaga, ma e mafai ona avea o se laasaga taufaʻasesega, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, e aloese mai le le lelei poʻo le atuatuvale (Reid, Kamuta, Spackman, & Willes, 2008). I le taimi nei, e foliga mai e leai se sootaga manino i le va o amioga feusuaʻi ma feusuaiga. Ae ui i lea, na i ai le talitonuga o le faateleina o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi e sau faatasi ma se fesoʻotaʻiga taua i le va o uiga tau feusuaʻiga mataga ma amioga faʻamausalaga mataga, aemaise lava pe a faʻaaogaina ponokalafi faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga (Hald, Malamuth, & Yuen, 2010). O le initaneti, ae maise lava i fesoʻotaʻiga moni o le olaga, faʻaauau pea le popole tele i totonu oa tatou sosaiete: O le 9.4% o fafine i le Iunaite Setete ua faʻasalaina i se vavalalata vavalalata, ao 16.9% o fafine ma 8.0% o tamaloloa ua faʻaleagaina feusuaiga e ese mai nai le faʻatagaina (Black et al., 2011).
O lenei suʻesuʻega na suʻesuʻeina ai faafitauli faʻapitoa ma fesoʻotaiga faʻapitoa e fesoʻotai ma tulaga maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD i tamaitai ma alii i le toʻatele o tagata Siamani. O suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa faʻatasi ai ma aʻafiaga o le atuatuvale; suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa i le tagata lava ia o ni mea taufaasese o feusuaiga ma amioga o feusuaiga. E faavae i suʻesuʻega talu ai (Kafka & Hennen, 2002; Raymond et al., 2003; Weiss, 2004) lea na faaalia ai le maualuga o le le fiafia o le atuatuvale i amioga feusuaʻi, na manatu ai o le maualuga o le faailoga o le HD e fesootaʻi ma tulaga maualuga o faʻafitauli faʻafitauli. E faʻavae i luga o faʻamatalaga muamua e mafai ona faʻasusuina amioga faʻafeusuaiga ma uiga feusuai feusuaiga (Hald et al., 2010), matou te fia vaʻai pe afai o faʻalagona ma amioga moni o le faʻamalosi o feusuaiga e fesootaʻi ma amioga feusuaʻi. E le gata i lea, o le faateleina o amioga tau feusuaʻiga na mafua ai ona valoia le maualuga o le faailoga o le HD. Talu ai ona o avanoa faʻaalia o le Initaneti (Cooper, 1998), matou te manatu foi o tulaga maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD e fesoʻotaʻi ma faʻamaoniga o le faʻafefeteina o cybersex ma ponokalafi
Metotia
O le faʻataʻitaʻiga muamua na aofia ai N = 2,069 tagata taʻitasi (n = 896 fafine, n = 28 leai faʻamatalaga; tagaʻi i le Ata 1).
Ata 1. Totogiina o tagata auai
O le faataitaiga mulimuli na aofia ai N = 1,194 tagata taʻitasi [n = 564 fafine, tausaga: M = 33.83 tausaga, faʻasesega masani (SD) = 15.25; n = 630 tamaloloa, tausaga: M = 50.52 tausaga, SD = 19.34] o ai na faʻamaeʻaina fesili. Faʻamatalaga mai le numera o tagata auai e tatau ona tuʻuʻesea mai auʻiliʻiliga: n = 687 e leʻi maeʻa le fesili ma n = 188 na laiti ifo i le 18 tausaga pe na le taʻua foi o latou tausaga. O le averesi tausaga o tagata na auai o le 32.99 (SD = 10.78) tausaga. Tolu sefulu ma le lua pasene na lipotia mai ua latou oʻo atu i le tulaga iunivesite ulufale i tulaga o aʻoaʻoga. O le toʻatele na faʻailoa mai latou o tamaʻitaʻi (83%), toʻaitiiti na lipotia mai o le aʻoaʻoina o faʻaipoipoga (13%), ae naʻo le 4% na faʻailoa mai o latou o le tauatane. O le toʻatele o tagata na auai e leʻi faʻaipoipo (75%); ae ui i lea, tusa o le 70% na i ai i se mafutaga. I le iuga, 60% o tagata na auai e leai ni fanau (Laulau 1).
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Laulau 1. Fuainumera faʻamatala
| Sociodemographic variables | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Aʻoaʻoga (leai se aʻoga / aʻoga lua / aʻoga i le taimi nei / aʻoga ulufale / aʻoga ulufale) | 15/107/385/383/304 | 1/9/32/32/26 |
| Faʻasalaga faʻafeusuaiga (tamaʻitaʻi / fafine / faʻafeusuaʻiga) | 987/162/45 | 83/13/4 |
| Tulaga o le aiga (nofo toatasi / faaipoipo / teteʻa pe vavaeeseina / nofofua) | 756 / 300 / 128 / 10 | 63 / 25 / 11 / 1 |
| Paʻaga (leai se paaga / paaga e itiiti ifo nai lo le tausaga / faʻatasi ma paaga i luga o le tausaga) | 364/115/715 | 30/10/60 |
| Numera o tamaiti (0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / ≥4) | 719/185/198/66/26 | 60/15/17/6/2 |
Sa matou taitaia se suʻesuʻega i le initaneti e uiga i le faitau aofai Siamani. O faʻamaumauga na aoina e ala i le faʻaaogaina o le SoSci-Survey, o se avanoa e leai se totogi, faʻasalalauga i le initaneti. O se fesoʻotaʻiga i luga o le 'upega tafaʻilagi na tuʻuina i luga o faʻamaumauga fesoasoani a le tagata lava ia mo amioga feusuaʻiga ma' upega tafaʻilagi faʻasalalau faʻasalalau ma auina atu i faʻafesoʻotaʻiga patino ma le lisi o le Falemeli o le University of Hildesheim, Siamani. E le gata i lea, o nusipepa i luga o le initaneti na lomia tala e uiga i le suesuega ma aofia ai se sootaga i totonu ia latou tusiga. O nisi o upega tafaʻilagi e aofia ai le fesoʻotaʻiga o loʻo faʻamalamalama manino mai ai o "sex addicts" sa sailia. Na tuʻuina atu e le au auai a latou maliega faʻamaonia ma mafai ona tuʻuina atu a latou faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga mo nisi suʻesuʻega i le faaiuga.
I lenei suʻesuʻega, o le gagana Siamani o le HBI-19 (Reid, Garos, Kamuta, & Coleman, 2011) na faʻaaogaina e iloilo ai le maualuga o faʻamaoniga o le HD. O ana mea 19 e faʻavae i luga o le faʻavae na faʻatulagaina mo le faʻaogaina o HD ile DSM-5 (Kafka, 2010). O tali i mea e faamaumauina i luga ole laʻasaga 5-point Likert mai le 1 (aua lava nei) i le 5 (masani lava). O se vaega muamua o le tipi o le ≥53 na faʻatulagaina i luga o le faavae o faʻataʻitaʻiga e lua ma faʻataʻitaʻiga e lua (control)Reid et al., 2011), ae mulimuli ane na teena i luga o le faavae o se faʻataʻitaʻiga tele (Bőthe et al., 2018).
Ina ia iloiloina ni faʻafitauli faʻafitauli, matou te faʻaaogaina le gagana Siamani o le PHQ-9 (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002; Löwe, Kroenke, Herzog, & Gräfe, 2004). O ana mea e iva e faavae i luga o le DSM-5 faʻafanua (APA, 2013) mo le faʻafitauli tele o le atuatuvale. E fesiligia tagata maʻi pe na latou iloa le lisi o faʻamaoniga i le past 2 vaiaso. I lenei suʻesuʻega, matou te iloiloina le PHQ-9 i le lautele. O tali ua maua i luga o le fuainumera 4-point Likert ma o mai mai le 0 (e leo mea uma) i le 3 (toetoe o aso uma), tuʻuina atu se numera o le numera o le 0-27. O le togi o mea e mafai ona faauigaina o se fua o le mamafa (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002).
O faʻafitauli o faʻafitauli tau fesoʻotaʻiga i luga o le cybersex na faʻaaogaina e ala i le faʻaaogaina o se suiga o s-IATsex (Brand et al., 2011). O faʻamaumauga o loʻo tusia i luga ole laʻasaga 5-point Likert mai le aua lava nei i masani lava.
O lenei fesili na fuafuaina e le tagata lava ia na suʻesuʻeina ai amioga tau feusuaiga a tagata auai ma aofia ai mea e uiga i le matua, tulaga tau feusuaiga, le tele o feusuaʻiga (TSO) na vaʻaia e le masturbation ma ua masani i se paʻaga, faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi, tulaga vaʻaia, ma le numera o paʻaga tau feusuaʻiga tausaga. O isi fesili na fesiligia pe na auai tagata auai "i le faamalosia o se tagata e faia ni faiga feusuaiga?" Po o "ua faamalosia ai se tagata e faia ni feusuaiga?"
O faʻamaumauga uma na faia i le SPSS version 24 (IBM® Corporation, Armonk, NY, ISA) mo Windows. Na faia suʻega faʻamaumauga i le faʻaaogaina tutoʻatasi t-o faʻamatalaga poo suega a Fisher mo faʻamaumauga eseese ma laulau e sili atu nai lo le 2 × 2.
O suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa o le faʻaogaina o laina ole laina ole vaʻai na faʻaaogaina e suʻeina ai le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o ni faʻafitauli o le atuatuvale (e fuaina i le PHQ-9) ma le feusuaʻiga (HBI-19) faʻatasi ma le itupa e fai ma sui o le sui. O le PHQ-9, e pei o se fesuiaʻiga, na faʻatotonugalemu. O se fegalegaleaiga faʻatautaia na faia e ala i le faʻateleina o le fesuiaiga o le faʻaogaina o faʻafitauli o le faʻafitauli ma le itupa. Suiga i le fua faʻatatau (ΔR2) sa faʻaaogaina e iloilo ai le taua o le faʻatalatalanoaga i le va o le atuatuvale ma le feusuaʻi. O aʻafiaga fefaʻasoaaʻi e faʻaalia i auala faigofie. O mea maualalo maualalo mo fuainumera e faʻatatau mo mataupu ei ai tulaga taua 1 SD i lalo o le uiga o le vaega, o tau maualuga e faʻatatau mo matāʻupu ma tulaga taua 1 SD luga o le uiga o le vaega.
O suʻesuʻega na faia e tusa ai ma le Tautinoga a Helsinki. Na faamaonia le suʻesuʻega e le Komiti Faʻafoe o le Falemaʻi a Hannover. Na logoina tagata auai uma e uiga i le suʻesuʻega ma i latou uma sa malilie i ai e faʻatagaina.
O se faatusatusaga o sikeri HBI-19 i le va o alii (M = 50.52, SD = 19.34) ma fafine (M = 33.82, SD = 15.25) faʻaalia sili maualuga togi i aliʻi, t(1,174) = 16.65, p <.001, d = 0.95. Na tuʻuina mai le togi -oti togi togi o le 53 mo le HBI-19 (Reid et al., 2011) ae na iu ina fesiligia (Bőthe et al., 2018). Afai o le a le i ai le togi tuai, o le ai ai se numera tele o tamaitai ma alii na faʻaalia ai le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD. Aotelega o N = 360 tagata taʻitasi (n = 74 pe 13.1% o fafine; n = 286 poʻo le 45.4% o aliʻi) na maua le togi faʻaiʻu HBI-19 a itiiti mai e 53; o totoe n = 834 tagata taʻitasi (n = 490 fafine; n = 344 tamaloloa) na maua le togi o le HBI-19 Σ <53 (Laulau 2).
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Laulau 2. Faatusatusaga i le va o tamaʻitaʻi
| Ese | tamaitai | tagata | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | M (SD) | N | M (SD) | Fuainumera o suʻega | p tāua | Fua faʻatupulaia (d) | |
| HBI-19 | 564 | 33.82 (15.25) | 630 | 50.52 (19.34) | t(1,174) = 16.65 | <.001 | 0.950 |
| PHQ | 564 | 16.76 (5.19) | 630 | 15.42 (5.13) | t(1,192) = -4.491 | <.001 | 0.270 |
| S-IATsex | 564 | 15.44 (6.73) | 629 | 26.91 (11.78) | t(1,018) = 20.9 | <.001 | 1.121 |
| Taumafa ponokalafi | 549 | 1.05 (3.06) | 617 | 6.64 (11.98) | t(705) = 11.194 | <.001 | 0.657 |
| TSO-malamalama i se paʻaga | 558 | 1.55 (2.85) | 622 | 2.64 (5.51) | t(953) = 4.322 | <.001 | 0.252 |
| TSO-masturbation | 555 | 3.01 (5.69) | 626 | 7.87 (9.63) | t(1,034) = 10.688 | <.001 | 0.623 |
| Aofaʻi o paaga feusuaʻiga i le tausaga talu ai | 562 | 2.77 (10.42) | 626 | 6.01 (19.09) | t(987) = 3.683 | <.001 | 0.208 |
| ioe | ioe | ||||||
| Feusuaiga faamalosi tino | 564 | 24 | 630 | 117 | χ2(1) = 58.563 | <.001 | |
| Feusuaʻiga feusuaʻi | 564 | 119 | 630 | 373 | χ2(1) = 178.374 | <.001 | |
tusi. SD: faʻasologa masani; HBI-19: Faʻamaumauga o le Faʻaleagaina o Agafesoʻotaʻi fuaina o amioga feusuaʻi; PHQ-9: fuainumera o le Questionnaire Health Questionnaire-9 fuaina o faʻafitauli faʻafitauli; s-IATsex: togi o le poto masani ile Initaneti Faʻailogaina le feusuai i le feusuaʻiga telefoni feaveaʻi; TSO-coitus: fuainumera o tafaoga faʻafeusuaiga ua masani ma se paʻaga; TSO-masturbation: numera o le aofaʻiga o tafaoga faʻafeusuaiga na maua e ala i le faʻaleagaina.
I lenei suʻesuʻega, na faʻaalia e vaega e lua le maualuga o le faʻafitauli o le faʻafitauli i tamaloloa, o le aofaʻi o le PHQ-9 (fafine, M = 15.41, SD = 5.12; tamaloloa, M = 16.76, SD = 5.19) faʻailoa mai o itupa uma na faʻaalia feololo ma ogaoga auga o le faʻanoanoaga, t(1,192) = -4.491, p <.001, d = 0.27. Ono sefulu tasi pasene o fafine ma 49% o tamaloloa na lipotia mai e feololo pe ogaoga faʻailoga o le faʻanoanoaga.
I le averesi, na lipotia e alii le faʻaaogaina o le 6.64 Hr (SD = 11.98) o ponokalafi taumafa i le vaiaso ua tuanaʻi faʻatusatusa i le 1.05 hr (SD = 3.06) i fafine, t(705) = 11.194, p <.001, d = 0.657. E le gata i lea, na lipotia mai e tamaloloa le iai o se maualuga maualuga o TSO ma se paʻaga (M = 2.64, SD = 5.51) faʻatusatusa i fafine (M = 1.55, SD = 2.85), t(953) = 4.322, p <.001, d = 0.252, faʻapea foʻi ma le maualuga TSO e ala i le faʻaaloalo i aliʻi (M = 7.87, SD = 9.63) faʻatusatusa i fafine (M = 3.01, SD = 5.69), t(1,033) = 10.688, p <.001, d = 0.623. E le gata i lea, na lipotia mai e aliʻi le tele o paʻaga feusuaʻi i le tausaga talu ai (M = 2.77, SD = 10.42), faʻatusatusa i fafine (M = 2.77, SD = 10.42), t(978) = 3.683, p <.001, d = 0.208. O le mea lava lea e tasi na maua mo le faʻafitauli o fesoʻotaʻiga i luga ole initaneti, lea na oʻo ai foʻi i tamaloloa togi maualuluga atu nai lo fafine, t(1,018) = 20.9, p <.001, d = 1.121.
I tama uma e lua, sa i ai se numera tele o tagata taitoatasi na lipotia mai manatu valea o amioga feusuai. E uiga i le 30% o fafine (n = 119) ma le 60% o aliʻi na lipotia mai latou te faʻaosofia le faʻamalosia o se tasi e faia feusuaʻiga, χ2(1) = 178.374, p <.001. E le gata i lea, o tamaloloa na tele lava ina masani ona faia amioga faʻamalosi faʻamalosi, χ2(1) = 58.563, p <.001. E tusa ma le 20% o aliʻi (n = 117) ma le 4% o fafine (n = 24) lipotia na faʻamalosia se tasi e faia feusuaʻiga.
Faʻasalalauga i le va o fesuiaiga o loʻo faʻaalia i le Lisi 3. O se iloiloga faʻavasegaina o le faʻavasegaina o faʻamaoniga o le atuatuvale (PHQ-9 e pei o le vavalo), tane (faʻataʻitaʻiga), ma le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD (HBI-19). I le laasaga muamua, o le numera a le PHQ-9 na faʻamatalaina ai le 8.4% o le HBI-19 faʻatusatusaga sikoa, F(1, 1192) = 110.2, p <.001. I le sitepu lona lua, o le itupa na taʻitaʻia ai i se faʻaopoopoga taua o le eseesega faʻamatalaga, ΔR2 = .222, ΔF(1, 1191) = 381.52, p <.001. Le faʻafesoʻotaʻiga o le PHQ-9 aofaʻi togi ma itupa faʻateleina eseesega faʻamatalaina, ΔR2 = .009, ΔF(1, 1190) = 15.11, p <.001. I le aotelega, o le regression faataitaiga na taua ma faʻamatalaina 31.5% eseesega o le HBI-19 aofaʻi togi, R2 = .315, F(3, 1190) = 182.751, p <.001.
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Laulau 3. Faʻasalaga ma Cramer's V
| PHQ-9 | S-IATsex | Faiga masani o amio feusuai | Tausiga masani feusuaiga | TSO-masturbation | TSO-ma se paʻaga | Taumafa ponokalafi | Numera o paʻaga (tausaga ua tuanaʻi) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHQ-9 | - | |||||||
| S-IATsex | .171 ** | - | ||||||
| Faiga masani o amio feusuai | .123 | .451 ** | - | |||||
| Tausiga masani feusuaiga | .116 | .377 ** | .326 ** | - | ||||
| TSO-masturbation | .064 | .429 ** | .368 ** | .328 ** | - | |||
| TSO-ma se paʻaga | -O150 | .180 ** | .183 | .226 * | .356 ** | - | ||
| Taumafa ponokalafi | .030 | .454 ** | .452 ** | .336 ** | .330 ** | .158 ** | - | |
| Numera o paʻaga (tausaga ua tuanaʻi) | .004 | .174 ** | .245 * | .244 ** | .208 ** | .481 ** | .254 ** | - |
Manatua. Bivariate Pearson faʻamaopoopoina o fua faʻatatau. Cramer's V sa faʻaaogaina pe afai e iai ni suiga faʻapitoa. PHQ-9: fuainumera o le Questionnaire Health Questionnaire-9 fuaina o faʻafitauli faʻafitauli; s-IATsex: togi o le poto masani ile Initaneti Faʻailogaina le feusuai i le feusuaʻiga telefoni feaveaʻi; TSO-masturbation: numera o le aofaʻiga o tafaoga faʻafeusuaiga na maua e ala i le faʻaleagaina.
*p <.05 (asymptotic uiga; lua-siʻusiʻu). **p <.01 (asymptotic uiga; lua-siʻusiʻu).
O se iloiloga lona lua o le iloiloga o tulafono faatonutonu mo mafaufauga o le feusuaiga (e pei o se tagata vavalo), o le ituaiga tagata (tagata taʻalo), ma le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD (HBI-19) na fuafuaina. I le laasaga muamua, o faʻataʻatiaga o feusuaʻiga faʻafeusuaiga na faʻamatalaina 11.3% o le HBI-19 faʻatusatusaga sikoa, F(1, 1192) = 151.96, p <.001. I le sitepu lona lua, o le itupa na taʻitaʻia ai i se faʻaopoopoga taua o le eseesega faʻamatalaga, ΔR2 = .111, ΔF(1, 1191) = 161.1, p <.001. O le fesoʻotaʻiga o le PHQ-9 aofaʻi togi ma itupa e leʻi taʻitaʻia ai i se taua eseesega faʻamatalaga, ΔR2 <.001, ΔF(1, 1190) = 0.04, p = .834. I le aotelega, o le regression faataitaiga taua ma faʻamatalaina 21.9% eseesega o le HBI-19 aofaʻi togi, R2 = .219, F(3, 1190) = 111.09, p <.001.
O le tolu o iloiloga o le puleaina o tulafono faatonutonu mo amioga o le feusuaiga (pei o se tagata vavalo), ituaiga (tagata taʻalo), ma le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD (HBI-19) na fuafuaina. I le laasaga muamua, o uiga o feusuaʻiga faʻafeusuaiga na faʻamatalaina 6.8% o le HBI-19 sikoa pasene eseese, F(1, 1192) = 87.2, p <.001. I le sitepu lona lua, o le itupa na taʻitaʻia ai i se faʻaopoopoga taua o le eseesega faʻamatalaga, ΔR2 = .146, ΔF(1, 1191) = 220.38, p <.001. Le fefaʻasoaaʻi o le PHQ-9 aofaʻi togi ma itupa e leʻi taʻitaʻia i se taua eseesega faʻamatalaga ΔR2 = .003, ΔF(1, 1190) = 4.69, p = 0.031. I le aotelega, o le regression faataitaiga na taua ma faʻamatalaina 21.7% eseesega o le HBI-19 aofaʻi togi R2 = .217, F(3, 1190) = 109.78, p <.001.
Faʻaopoopoina suʻesuʻega o tulafono faatonutonu faʻaogaina e faʻaaogaina e pei o faʻamatalaga faigata telefoni feaveai, TSO na aʻafia e ala i masturbation poʻo se paaga, taimi e faʻaumatia ai ponokalafi, ma le aofaʻi o paaga faaipoipo i le tausaga talu ai, ituaiga (matai), ma tulaga maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD (HBI-19) na fuafuaina. O le laasaga muamua i isi faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e taʻitaʻia ai le taua o le HBI-19 sikoa eseese. E le gata i lea, i le laasaga lona lua, o le itupa o le tagata auai na taʻitaʻia ai le tele o le eseesega o faʻamatalaga i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma. I le aotelega, o le eseesega o faataitaiga o le puleaina o mea taua uma. I le laasaga lona tolu, o fegalegaleaiga na taua i faafitauli tau feusuaʻiga i luga o le cybersex, na feagai le TSO ma se paʻaga poʻo se faʻasalaga, taimi o ponokalafi, ae le o le numera o paaga i le tausaga talu ai. O isi faʻataʻitaʻiga mo suʻesuʻega uma faʻaleaʻopoʻomaga e mafai ona faʻaalia i le Laulau 4. O faʻafesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga o loʻo faʻaalia i faʻamaumauga faigofie i luga ole Ata 2. O iloiloga faʻasalalau suʻesuʻeina feeseeseaiga i le va o tulaga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD ma le amio feusuaʻi, e pei o le vavaeeseina e le itupa o le tagata auai. I fafine, o faʻamalamalamaga taua ma tulaga maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD e mafai ona vaaia i gaioiga faʻafeusuaiga faatausala (r = .267, p <.001), taimi o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina (r = .429, p <.001), ma le TSO-masturbation (r = .461, p <.001). I tamaloloa, e leai se taua faʻavasegaina i le va o tulaga o le HD faʻamaoniga faigata ma paʻaga feusuaʻiga gaioiga (r = .075, p <.001), ma taua ae faʻavaivaia fesoʻotaʻiga ma ponokalafi taumafainar = .305, p <.001), ma le TSO-masturbation (r = .239, p <.001). Sa matou fuafuaina Fagotaga ' z ia iloilo le taua o le eseesega i le va o le tuufaatasiga o le aofai. Faatusatusaga i le va o faʻamaoniaga o tulaga maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD ma le faʻafeusuai o feusuaiga (z = .3.4, p <.001), ponokalafi taumafainaz = .2.44, p = .007), ma le TSO-masturbation (z = .3.1, p = .001) faʻailoa mai e sili atu le maualuga faʻatasiga i fafine faʻatusatusa i tamaloloa.
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Laulau 4. Iloiloga faʻaletagata faʻaleaogaina ma le HBI-19 aofaʻi aofaʻi o le fesuiaiga faʻalagolago
| faʻataʻitaʻiga | β | t | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aafiaga autu | PHQ-9 | 0.35 | 14.6 | <.001 |
| itupa | -0.47 | -19.6 | <.001 | |
| Fegalegaleaiga | PHQ-9 × Ira | -0.09 | -3.89 | <.001 |
| Aafiaga autu | Faiga masani o feusuaiga | 0.20 | 7.04 | <.001 |
| itupa | -0.35 | -12.63 | <.001 | |
| Fegalegaleaiga | Faʻasalaga o feusuaiga faʻasolosolo × Itupa | -0.01 | -0.21 | .834 |
| Aafiaga autu | Galuega o feusuaiga | 0.21 | 6.67 | <.001 |
| itupa | -0.38 | -14.22 | <.001 | |
| Fegalegaleaiga | Galuega o feusuaʻiga × Itupa | 0.07 | 2.17 | .031 |
| Aafiaga autu | S-IATsex | 0.74 | 28.57 | <.001 |
| itupa | -0.05 | -2.02 | .043 | |
| Fegalegaleaiga | S-IATsex × Gender | 0.06 | 3.0 | .006 |
| Aafiaga autu | TSO-poto masani ma se paʻaga | 0.19 | 6.0 | <.001 |
| itupa | -0.41 | -16.0 | <.001 | |
| Fegalegaleaiga | TSO-poto masani ma se paaga × Gender | 0.13 | 4.08 | <.001 |
| Aafiaga autu | TSO-masturbation | 0.36 | 12.19 | <.001 |
| itupa | -0.32 | -12.16 | <.001 | |
| Fegalegaleaiga | TSO-masturbation × Ira | 0.15 | 5.37 | <.001 |
| Aafiaga autu | Numera o paʻaga (tausaga ua tuanaʻi) | 0.24 | 7.8 | <.001 |
| itupa | -0.41 | -15.84 | <.001 | |
| Fegalegaleaiga | Numera o paʻaga (tausaga ua teʻa) × Ira | 0.06 | 1.84 | .066 |
| Aafiaga autu | Taumafa ponokalafi (taimi) | 0.61 | 11.36 | <.001 |
| itupa | -0.24 | -7.74 | <.001 | |
| Fegalegaleaiga | Taumafa ponokalafi (taimi) × Itupa | 0.36 | 7.01 | <.001 |
Manatua. PHQ-9: fuainumera o le Questionnaire Health Questionnaire-9 fuaina o faʻafitauli faʻafitauli; s-IATsex: togi o le poto masani ile Initaneti Faʻailogaina le feusuai i le feusuaʻiga telefoni feaveaʻi; TSO-coitus: fuainumera o tafaoga faʻafeusuaiga ua masani ma se paʻaga; TSO-masturbation: numera o le aofaʻiga o tafaoga faʻafeusuaiga na maua e ala i le faʻaleagaina.
Ata 2. Faʻamasi faigofie. Manatua. O mea maualalo maualalo mo fesuiaiga o fua faʻatatau mo mataupu ei ai tulaga taua 1 SD i lalo ifo o le taua ma maualuga maualuga o le vaega o fua faatatau mo mataupu ei ai tulaga taua 1 SD luga o le uiga o le vaega. PHQ-9: togi o le Questionnaire Health Questionnaire-9 fuaina o faʻafitauli faʻafitauli. S-IATsex: togi o le poto masani ile Initaneti Faʻailogaina le feusuai o feusuaiga i le telefoni feaveai. TSO-coitus: fuainumera o tafaoga faʻafeusuaiga ua masani ma se paʻaga; TSO-masturbation: numera o le aofaʻiga o tafaoga faʻafeusuaiga na maua e ala i le faʻaleagaina. *p <.05. **p <.01 (asymptotic uiga; lua-siʻusiʻu)
O isi auiliiliga na faia e faʻaaoga ai le aofaʻi o le toesea o le 53 lea e mafai ona vaaia ai le HBI-19 i le Faʻaopoopoga o Mea.
Talanoaga
I lenei suʻesuʻega i le initaneti, o se faʻataʻitaʻiga a 1,194 tamaitai ma alii na faʻauluina fesili i luga o le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD, le faʻavaivai, ma le faʻamalosi o feusuaiga. O la tatou sini o le suʻesuʻeina o faʻasalalauga talafeagai i le va o faʻafitauli o le atuatuvale, amioga tau feusuaʻiga, ma mafaufauga e uiga i amioga ma amioga moni o le faʻamalosia o se tasi e faia amioga tau feusuaiga, faʻapitoa i le itupa. Na mafai ona matou oʻo atu i se numera tele o fafine ma alii e tali fesili oʻooʻo e uiga i uiga faʻanoanoa ma amioga. I le averesi, o maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD e maualuga atu i alii nai lo tamaitai. Ae ui i lea, o le tele o fafine (n = 74) lipotia maualuga tulaga o le HD auga faigata. O faʻaiuga o lenei suʻesuʻega o faʻailoga o le faʻanoanoaga, faʻafitauli o le cybersex faʻafuaseʻi, TSO na aʻafia ma se paʻaga pe ala i le faʻaaloalo, numera o paʻaga feusuaʻi i le tausaga ua tuanaʻi, ma le taimi o ponokalafi taumafaina, mafaufauga, ma gaioiga faʻamalosi faʻamalosi e fesoʻotaʻi ma tulaga. o HD faigata ogaoga. E le gata i lea, o le itupa o tagata na auai na i ai se aafiaga i luga o fegalegaleaiga o le TSO ma le taimi o ponokalafi taumafaina ma le maualuga o le HD auga faigata. Maualuga faʻateleina o le faʻanoanoa o se tasi o tele sosaiete tele faʻafitauli o le soifua maloloina, ma pule i le ola pule totoe maualuga (APA, 2013). O a matou faʻamatalaga na faʻaalia ai se fesoʻotaʻiga taua i le va o faailoga o le atuatuvale ma le faʻamaoniga HD (r = .29), lea e taʻitaʻia ai i matou e masalomia se faʻatasiga i le va o le faʻanoanoaga ma le maualuga o le HD faʻailoga mamafa. O lenei sailiga e ogatusa ma se faʻataʻitaʻiga-na fautuaina ai se feololo, lelei sootaga (r = .34) luga o le faʻatasiga o faʻanoanoaga ma HD faʻailoga (Schultz, Hook, Davis, Penberthy, & Reid, 2014). O faʻafitauli faʻafitauli e masani ona oʻo mai faatasi ma le faʻaitiitia o le feusuaʻiga tau feusuaʻiga (Bancroft et al., 2003). Peitai, e pei ona faaalia muamua, i nisi o alii (Bancroft et al., 2003) ma fafine (Opitz, Tsytsarev, & Froh, 2009), o faʻafitauli o le atuatuvale e mafai ona fesootaʻi ma le faateleina o le fiafia i amioga tau feusuaiga. O suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa o le faʻavasegaina o le regression i lenei suʻesuʻega na faʻaalia ai maualuga maualuga o faʻafitauli faʻafitauli o loʻo vaʻaia ai le maualuga o le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD i itu uma e lua. O se faʻamatalaga talafeagai o le faia o feusuaʻiga e faʻaaogaina e taulimaina ai faʻafitauli, popolega, poʻo lagona le lelei (Schultz et al., 2014). O lagona atuatuvale o lagona atuatuvale po o le atuatuvale e ala i amioga tau feusuaiga e le afaina i le tele o tulaga, aua o le toomaga e tupu mai i feusuaiga e faatapulaaina i le taimi ma o gaoioiga feusuaiga e le foia ai faafitauli (Schultz et al., 2014). I la tatou faʻataʻitaʻiga, o uiga maualuga o le atuatuvale na sili atu ona malosi le fesoʻotaʻi ma vaega o le faʻamaoniga o le HD i tane nai lo tamaitai. Masalo, o le taulimaina o amioga tau feusuaiga atonu e maualuga le maualuga i alii, aua o le talafaasolopito o amioga feusuai na sili atu ona taliaina i alii (Fugere, Cousins, Riggs, & Haerich, 2008).
E pei ona faʻamoemoeina, o iloiloga faʻalelalolagi o iloiloga ua faʻaalia mai o feusuaʻiga tau feusuaʻiga e pei o le telefoni feaveai, TSO-masturbation, numera o paaga tau feusuaʻiga i le tausaga talu ai, ma le taimi o ponokalafi e avea ma mea iloga o le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD i le itupa uma. O taunuʻuga autū e uiga i feusuaʻiga tau feusuaʻiga, o na auala faigofie na faʻaalia ai le eseesega o aafiaga o le itupa i le mafutaga a le TSO ma se paaga poʻo le faʻaleagaina faʻapea foʻi ma ponokalafi i luga o le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD. E le gata i lea, o faʻataʻitaʻiga na faʻaalia ai e sili atu le tele o feusuaʻiga na lipotia mai e tamaloloa nai lo tamaitai Afai o le a suʻesuʻeina e le tasi le numera o le faitau aofaʻi o tagata, o le numera tele o paaga e faʻafeagai ma teneʻoti e lipotia mai e tane ma fafine e tatau ona tutusa, ae e masani ona lipoti atu e le aufaʻatasi le sili atu o faʻafeagai faʻafeusuaʻiga nai lo tamaitai (Mitchell et al., 2019). Afai o paaga muamua o paaga na fuafuaina nai lo le faitaulia, e foliga mai e manatu maualuga tagata i le numera o paaga (Mitchell et al., 2019). O le mea lea, i la tatou faʻataʻitaʻiga, e sili atu le tele o feusuaʻiga a alii i lo tamaitai. O suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa o le faʻatonutonuina o le faʻafitauli ua faʻaalia mai o fafine o loʻo i ai le maualuga o le TSO ma ponokalafi faʻataʻitaʻiga ua sili atu le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD. Atonu, o fafine i la tatou faʻataʻitaʻiga e faʻamalosia a latou paaga feusuaʻiga aua latou te fefefe i le vafealoaloai mo le soliga o tulafono a alii ma tamaitai (Alexander & Fisher, 2003). Faʻafaigofie malifa na taʻu mai ai o le maualuga o gaioiga faʻafeusuaiga i tamaloloa e tau le fesoʻotaʻi ma le maualuga o le HD faʻailoga mamafa i le faʻatusatusa i fafine. E le gata i lea, i aliʻi, o le aofaʻi o paʻaga feusuaʻiga gaioiga foliga mai e leai se aʻafiaga i lipotia tulaga o le HD auga faigata. Faʻataʻitaʻiga feusuaʻiga i tamaloloa ono sili atu tuʻua (eg, ponokalafi taumafaina ma masturbation) faatusatusa i le faia o feusuaiga i fafine (feusuaiga feiloaiga ma paaga eseese; Schultz et al., 2014). Na i ai foi lenei mea i la tatou faʻataʻitaʻiga e ala i se taimi maualuga o le ponokalafi ma le maualuga o le TSO-masturbation i tane faʻatusatusa i tamaitai. Matou te finau faapea o amioga feusuaʻiga e mafai ona tupu i se feeseeseaiga ma amioga faʻataʻitaʻiga a le fafine e faamoemoeina ma o le mea lea o le faateleina o le mafatiaga e ala i amioga tau feusuaiga a fafine; ae, i alii, o se tulaga maualuga o gaoioiga feusuaʻiga ua sili atu ona talia. O lona uiga, o tamaitai ei ai tulaga maualuga o feusuaiga e lagona le atuatuvale aua latou te faatusatusa a latou amio ma a latou siosiomaga tamaitai, lea e mafua mai i le maualuga o le fausua o feusuaiga ma le maualalo o feusuaiga (Janssen & Bancroft, 2006). O le sili atu o le faʻafefe o feusuaʻiga i fafine atonu e mafua mai i le sili atu le filifilia o feusuaiga i fafine (Sjoberg & Cole, 2018; Trivers, 1972). I le isi itu, e ono talisapaia e tagata a latou uo ona o a latou amioga faasotoma, e mafua ai ona faaitiitia le mafatia. E le gata i lea, o suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona aofia ai faʻataʻitaʻiga masani o le va fealoai ma feusuaiga, lea e foliga mai e fesoʻotaʻi ma gaoioiga tau feusuaʻiga e faaopoopo atu i le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD e fuaina i fesili (Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016).
O le faʻamalosi o feusuaiga e maua ai se faʻamataʻu manino i le soifua maloloina o le tino ma le mafaufau, ma e lipotia soo e tamaiti uma (Osterheider et al., 2011) ma tagata matutua (Ellsberg, Jansen, Heise, Watts, & Garcia-Moreno, 2008). O lenei suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻaalia ai i fafine uma ma tamaʻitaʻi, o le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o faʻamaoniga o le HD na fesootaʻi ma le maualuga o feusuaʻiga tau feusuaiga e aofia ai le faʻamalositino ma le maualuga o le faʻamalosi tino feusuaiga. O le faʻamalosi e uiga i le faamalosia o se tasi e fai feusuaʻiga e le o se mea e le masani ai, i fafine uma ma alii (Joyal, Cossette, & Lapierre, 2014). O faʻataʻitaʻiga i luga o le initaneti o loʻo faailoa mai ai e uiga i le 11% o fafine ma 22% o tamaloloa latou te faʻasoa lenei manatu (Joyal et al., 2014). Ua matou maua ni numera maualuga atu e uiga i 21% o fafine ma e uiga i le 59% o alii na lipotia mai lenei mea fou. E na o se vaega itiiti o solitulafono tau feusuaiga ua lipotia i leoleo o loʻo faia e tamaʻitaʻi, ae o le aofaiga moni o solitulafono e leʻi faʻaalia e tatau ona maualuga atu (Cortoni, Babchishin, & Rat, 2016; Vandiver & Kercher, 2004). O nei taunuʻuga e ogatusa ma suʻesuʻega lata mai o le faʻateleina o amio feusuaʻiga i totonu o se vaega o tagata ua maua i le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD e faʻatusatusa i le soifua maloloina (Engel et al., 2019). E le gata i lea, o le feusuaʻiga ua maua e avea o se aʻafiaga o le aʻafiaga o faʻalavelave faʻafeusuaiga (Mann, Hanson, & Thornton, 2010). E ui lava i suʻesuʻega o loʻo i ai i luga o mafaufauga ma gaioiga faʻafeusuaiga, e tumau pea le faigata ona faʻamaonia iuga o nei sailiiliga. O se tasi faʻamatalaga talafeagai atonu o le maualuga o le manaʻoga feusuaiga ma le faateleina o amioga tau feusuaʻiga i tamaʻitaʻi uma ma tamaʻitaʻi o loʻo i ai le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD e mafai ona mafua ai se teteʻega o feusuaiga i la latou agafesootai ma mafua mai ai le faateleina o fua faatatau o amioga feusuaʻi. O le isi ala e ono mafai ai ona faʻaipoipo ma taufaaleaga faʻafeusuaiga e mafai ona taoto i se faʻaloiga faateleina o feusuaiga, e ono aʻafia e ala i le nofo ai i masani masani feusuaiga. O sailiiliga fou na maua e fesootaʻi ma amioga feusuaʻi (Banca et al., 2016) ma mafaufauga o le feusuai i feusuaiga e mafai ona galue o se mea fou fou, faatosinaga feusuaiga i tagata taitoatasi ma faanaunauga i le feusuaʻi. O suʻesuʻega o suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona suʻeina le fesoʻotaʻiga o uiga feusuaʻiga ma feusuaiga ma feusuaiga ma saili togafitiga mo tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo maualuga le lamatiaga o le faʻaleagaina.
tapulaa
O lenei suʻesuʻega e fesoasoani i le tulaga o suʻesuʻega i le taimi nei e ala i le tele o ana faʻataʻitaʻiga ma le tele o taunuʻuga taua ma le tele o aʻafiaga. Ae ui i lea, ei ai ni tapulaa e tatau ona mafaufau iai. O lenei suʻesuʻega na faʻaaogaina ai le HBI-19 e iloilo ai le maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD. O se faatalanoaga ile falemaʻi atonu e tatau ona faʻavasega tagata taitoatasi i ni vaega. E le gata i lea, o le maualuga o le manaʻoga tau feusuaʻiga e leʻi pulea mo a tatou iloiloga. I lenei suʻesuʻega, na matou faʻatapulaʻaina le numera o iloiloga na faʻaaogaina ina ia mafai ai ona fai sina taimi o tagata auai e mafai ona mafai ona matou le totogiina i latou mo le auai. Talu ai ona o fesili o lipoti a le tagata lava ia o loʻo faʻaaogaina i lenei suʻesuʻega, o le mafuaʻaga e le mafai ona maua mai faʻamaumauga. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona mafaufau i le faʻaaogaina o fuafuaga faʻatautaia e maua ai se malamalamaaga i le tala o le amioga feusuaʻi. O mea na faʻaaogaina e maua ai faʻamatalaga e uiga i le faʻamalosi o feusuaiga sa taua. O le suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona faʻaaoga iloiloga e fesiligia atili ai le faʻaalia ma aofia ai faʻamatalaga faʻamalosi e uiga i feusuaiga, mo se faataitaiga, le Bumby Rape Scale (Bumby, 1996). Ma le mea mulimuli, o le faataitaiga na faʻaaogaina i lenei suʻesuʻega e le o se sui o tagata lautele. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o tulaga aʻoga na sili atu ona maualuga i la tatou faʻataʻitaʻiga nai lo tulaga masani mo le faitau aofaʻi. O le numera o tulaga o le ogaoga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD i la tatou faʻataʻitaʻiga e le masalomia maualuga pe a faʻatusatusa i faʻamaoniga i le faitau aofaʻi o tagata aua o le sootaga i le suʻesuʻega na tuʻufaʻatasia i isi i faʻasalalauga mo tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo iai tulaga maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD. E le gata i lea, o le tele o nusipepa na lipotia i luga oa tatou tusiga na faʻaaogaina le faaupuga "feusuaiga i mea tau feusuaiga" ia latou ulutala, lea e ono mafua ai ona sili atu le fiafia i tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo iai tulaga maualuga o le faʻamaoniga o le HD i le auai.
faaiuga
I le aotelega, o se tasi lea o uluai suʻesuʻega e suʻesuʻeina ai uiga taʻitasi o le feusuaiga i fafine ma alii. Matou te fia faʻamalamalama atu o amioga feusuaʻi e masani ona fesoʻotai ma faigata matuia ma fesoʻotaʻiga faʻapitoa e mafai ona afaina ai le soifua manuia o tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo lipotia nei faʻamaoniga ma i latou o siomia i latou. O le mea lea, oa tatou suʻesuʻega e taʻu mai ai o le togafitiga o le HD e tatau foi ona taulaʻi atu i faʻalavelave faʻapitoa, aemaise lava le atuatuvale, faʻapea foi ma mafaufauga masani ma amio e aʻafia ai feusuaiga i isi. E le gata i lea, atonu e afua mai i le le taliaina o amio le mama, o amioga tau feusuaiga e foliga mai o se tagata e sili ona lelei mo le faia o feusuaiga i fafine nai lo alii.
JE, TK, CS, JK, AK, ma le UH na fesoasoani i manatu ma mamanu. AK, MV, ma JE na fesoasoani i le aoina o faʻamaumauga. Na fesoasoani IE ma AK i le fuainumera fuainumera. JE, AK, MV, CS, I-AH, JK, ma le TK na fesoasoani i le auʻiliʻiliga ma faʻamatalaga. UH ma TK na fesoasoani e suʻesuʻe le vaavaaiga.
Fai mai tusitala e leai se feteenaʻiga tului.
mau faasino
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