Faʻaaliga Faʻafeiloaʻiga Faʻaleagaina
Maua i le initaneti 8 Tesema 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2016.11.003
faatumutumuga
- Suesueina o lagona ma lagona feusuaʻiga ao lei amataina ma pe a maeʻa foi ona faʻaaoga e le tagata lava ia ia ponokalafi i luga o le Initaneti
- O le matamata i ponokalafi e fesootaʻi ma suiga i lagona ma faailoga o le fausiaina o feusuaiga
- Mood muamua ma le mulimuli i le Initaneti faʻaaogaina ponokalafi faapea foʻi ma suiga i le loto na fesootaʻi atu i faʻamaoniga o le Initaneti-ponokalafi-matamata-maʻi
lē faʻatino
Initaneti-ponokalafi vaʻai faʻafitauli (IPD) ua manatu o se tasi ituaiga o Initaneti-faʻaaogaina le atoatoa. Mo le atinaʻeina o le IPD, na manatu faʻapea o le le lelei o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi i luga o le Initaneti e faʻafetauia ai ma lagona faʻanoanoa poʻo le popole e ono manatu ai o se tulaga lamatia. Ina ia talanoaina le aʻafiaga o Initaneti ponokalafi faʻaaogaina luga lagona, o le initaneti suʻesuʻega ma tolu fua fua ma se faʻataʻitaʻiga o aliʻi tagata auai na faia. O tagata na auai na suʻesuʻeina e faatatau i o latou faanaunauga agaʻi i le IPD, faaaogaina e le tagata lava ia o Initaneti ponokalafi, lautele lagona, lagona popole, ma a latou Initaneti ponokalafi faaosofia le faaosofia. E le gata i lea, na fesiligia sui auai e uiga i o latou lagona o loʻo i ai nei, faʻamalosi feusuaiga, ma manaʻomia e mimilo muamua ma mulimuli ane latou matamata Initaneti ponokalafi faʻamalosi i se nofoaga tumaʻoti. Na faʻaalia mai i faʻamatalaga, o uiga agaʻi i le IPD na fesoʻotaʻi le lelei ma le lagona e masani ona lelei, ala, ma toʻafilemu ma lelei i lagona faigata i aso uma o le olaga ma le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi Initaneti mo le faʻamalieina o le sailia ma le aloese mai lagona. Faitalia oe lava faʻaogaina o Initaneti ponokalafi i nofoaga tumaʻoti na o mai ma suiga o lagona ma faʻailoga o feusuaʻiga. E le gata i lea, o aga agai i le IPD na le lelei le fesoʻotaʻi ma le lagona i luma atu ma le maeʻa ai o Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻaaogaina faʻapea foi ma le matua faʻateleina o le lelei ma le toʻafilemu lagona. O iʻuga na faʻaalia ai aafiaga o le matamata i Initaneti ponokalafi i lagona ma lagona faʻaosofia feusuaiga e mafai ona manatu i ai o faʻamalosia aafiaga mo le tagata faʻaoga. O le mea lea, o iʻuga e o gatasi ma manatu faʻavae i luga o le atinaʻeina o le IPD, lea o le lelei (ma le le lelei) faʻamalosia na maua e Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻaaogaina e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaaogaina o lagona ma le manaʻo i tali.
uputatala
- Initaneti i ponokalafi;
- Togafitiga;
- Mood;
- Feusuaiga feusuaʻi
1. faʻatomuaga
O aʻafiaga lelei ma aʻafiaga o le matamata i ponokalafi i luga o le Initaneti o loʻo talanoaina faʻasese (Campbell ma Kohut, 2016, Grubbs et al., 2016, Hald ma le Malamuth, 2008, Harkness et al., 2015, Peter ma Valkenburg, 2014, Shaughnessy et al., 2014 ma Stanley et al., 2016). Ua manino mai nisi tagata ua lipotia le leai o se faʻataʻitaʻiga e faʻatatau i le faaaogaina o ponokalafi, lea e masani ona fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaaogaina o taimi ma taunuuga le lelei i le tele o vaega o le soifuaga, e pei o aoga / aʻoga / galuega galue (Duffy et al., 2016, Griffiths, 2012 ma Wéry ma Billieux, 2015). O le natura o mea ua fai ma vaisu o amio feusuai o loo finau pea (Potenza, 2014), ae o le tele o tagata suʻesuʻe e finau faapea o le matamata i ata mataga ma amioga feusuai i le lautele e mafai ona avea ma vaisu (Brand et al., 2014, Garcia ma Thibaut, 2010, Kraus et al., 2016 ma Alofa ma al., 2015). A o finau mai nisi o le matamata i mea tau vaisu o ponokalafi i luga o Initaneti atonu o se ituaiga patino o vaisu o feusuaiga po o feusuaiga feusuaiga (Garcia ma Thibaut, 2010 ma Kafka, 2015), o isi e finau e tatau ona vaʻavaʻaina o se ituaiga faapitoa o le tagofia o le Initaneti (Laier ma le Faʻailoga, 2014 ma Talavou, 2008). Ioe o ponokalafi sa faʻaalia o le Initaneti o loʻo aʻafia ai mo le faʻaaogaina o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻaaogaina o vaisu (Meerkerk, van den Eijnden, & Garretsen, 2006). Ona o le faʻaauau pea o talanoaga i luga ole faʻaoga o mea faʻapitoa, matou te faʻaaoga le faaupuga ole Initaneti-ponokalafi (IPD) i le faʻatusatusaga i le Initaneti o le faʻafitauli o le Initaneti ua faʻaaoga i le DSM-5 (APA, 2013). Talu ai ona e leai se maliega i luga o le faʻamautuina o le IPD, o le faʻaogaina o le mea faʻafuaseʻi e mafai ona fuafuaina. O se suʻesuʻega se tasi na suʻesuʻeina ai se sui faʻataʻitaʻi mo Suetena ma maua ai le 2% o le fafine ma le 5% o tane o loʻo lipotia lipoti o le IPD (Ross, Månsson, & Daneback, 2012).
E tusa ai ma le atinaʻega o le IPD na finauina ai e faapea o uiga o le ala (eg, faʻamalosia o aʻafiaga, le amanaiaina, avanoa), e fesoasoani i le faʻamalosi e matamata i ponokalafi (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004). E tusa ai ma uiga o tagata e faaaogaina, na finauina e mafai ona fuafua tagata taitoatasi mo le atinaʻeina o faailoga o le IPD e ala i uiga patino (faataitaiga, le maualuga o le feusuaiga) ma o nei uiga e fegalegaleai ai ma lagona e fesootaʻi i ponokalafi (faʻataʻitaʻiga, faʻaoga lelei faʻatusa ) (Laier & Brand, 2014). Ona o le faʻamalosia o aʻafiaga i tulaga o le fiafia i feusuaʻiga e ala i le matamata i ponokalafi, o le faʻaogaina o le faʻatulagaina e tatau ona taʻitaʻia ai le atinaʻeina o le faʻatuʻi ma le talileleia o aʻafiaga i totonu poo fafo atu o mea e fai ma vaisu. O faʻamaoniga mo le taua o le tuinanau ma le faanatinati o tali mo le IPD ua faʻaalia i le tele o suʻesuʻega (Brand et al., 2011, Laier et al., 2013, Laier et al., 2014, Laier et al., 2015, Rosenberg ma Kraus, 2014 ma Snagowski et al., 2015). O nei suʻesuʻega e ogatusa ma le manatu e faʻapea o tagata taitoatasi e faigofie ona atiaʻe le IPD o loʻo faʻatinoina le faʻataʻitaʻiga o faʻataʻitaʻiga e taulima ai lagona faʻavaivai poʻo le atuatuvale (Cooper, Putnam, Planchon, & Boies, 1999). O lenei talitonuga ua fautuaina foi i le faataitaiga a le I-PACE o le tagofiaina o le Initaneti faapitoa (I-PACE o loo tu mo le Fegalegaleaiga o Tagata-Affect-Cognition-Execution) (Brand, Young, Laier, Wolfling, & Potenza, 2016). E tasi le talitonuga o le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le lagona o loʻo i ai i le taimi nei e ono aʻafia ai le filifiliga e faʻaaogaina se Initaneti patino (faʻataʻitaʻiga, ponokalafi i luga o Initaneti) ma o aʻafiaga e maua e ala i le faʻaaogaina o le faʻaaogaga patino e tatau ona faʻamalosia ai le fesoʻotaiga i luga o Initaneti. E le gata i lea, o le manatu ma le faʻamoemoe o le faʻaaogaina o le Initaneti e fesoasoani tele i le taulimaina o faʻafitauli poʻo lagona le talafeagai e faʻapea foi o le a faʻamalosia ma o se faiga masani e le lelei ai le faʻaaogaina, e faapena foi. O uiga o le tagata ma faʻamaoniga o le mafaufau e mafai ona faʻamautuina pe faʻateleina e aʻafiaga i totonu ole faiga o vaisu. E ui lava o le faʻaaogaina o le faʻataʻitaʻiga ua faʻaalia e fesootai ma le IPD (Laier & Brand, 2014), o le matafaioi o le taimi nei ma le uiga o le olaga ua suia pe a uma ona matamata i ponokalafi i luga o le Initaneti mo faailoga o le IPD e lei suʻesuʻeina, i le taimi nei. O le sini o le suʻesuʻega o le fesoasoani lea i le faʻatumu o lenei vaʻavaʻavaʻa e ala i le tautalagia o manatu nei i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o tagata masani i luga o le Initaneti-ponokalafi: 1.) O fesoʻotaʻiga i le IPD e fesoʻotaʻi ma lagona lautele ma le faʻafitauli mamafa, 2.) Tendencies to IPD e fesootaʻi atu i le taimi nei ma le manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga aʻo leʻi oʻo i le maea ai ma le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi i le Initaneti, 3.) O fesoʻotaʻiga i le IPD e fesoʻotaʻi ma suiga i lagona ma feusuaiga faʻaleagaina ona o le faaaogaina o ponokalafi i le Initaneti, ma le 4.) O le sootaga i le va o faanaunauga i le IPD ma le faʻaosofia e faʻaaoga O ponokalafi i luga o le initaneti e faʻagaeʻetia e ala i feusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga na maua e ala i le matamata i ata mataga. Ina ia faʻatalanoaina nei manatu, sa faia ai se suʻesuʻega i le initaneti ma le tolu fuataga.
2. Mea ma metotia
2.1. Taualumaga
O tagata na auai na faʻatautaia e ala i lisi o imeli, 'upega tafaʻilagi o fesoʻotaiga, ma faʻasalalauga i le Iunivesite o Duisburg-Essen (Siamani). O le faʻamatalaga na faʻamaonia manino mai o suʻesuʻega i luga o le initaneti e suʻesuʻe ai le faʻaaogaina o le Initaneti ma e naʻo tane taʻitoʻatasi e valaʻaulia e auai. O tagata taʻitoʻatasi e fiafia i le auai sa talosagaina e tali le valaaulia i le i-meli ona faʻamatalaina lea i se faʻamatalaga auiliili o le suʻesuʻega. O le suʻesuʻega na faʻalauiloaina e avea o se suʻesuʻega ma ni fua faʻatatau e tolu. I le vaega muamua, na tuʻuina mai e tagata auai faʻamatalaga e uiga i suiga ole sosaiete, faʻatautaia patino o le Initaneti mo amio faʻaosofiaina i feusuaiga, lagona le mautonu, ma faailoga o le IPD (t1). Na faʻamatalaina i le au auai e faapea afai latou te matamata ma le totoa i le Initaneti i ata faalilolilo mo le isi taimi, na fesiligia i latou e tali fesili e uiga io latou lagona o loʻo i ai nei ma le faitaʻaga muamua (muamua lona fua, t2) ma pe a mavae (lona tolu o fua fua, t3). Ina ua maeʻa ona tuuina mai e le au auai se maliega tusitusia na latou mauaina ni faailoga e fetaui ma a latou faamatalaga mai fua o fua. O tagata volenitia uma na valaʻaulia e auai i se lotoa e manumalo ai se tasi ponesi mai BestChoice (3 faʻamaonia i 50 €, 5 faʻamaonia i 20 €, 5 faʻamaonia i 10 €). O le faʻamaumauga na siakiina mo le faʻamalieina ma leai ni faʻafitauli na matauina. O le suʻesuʻega na faʻamaonia e le komiti o tulafono faʻale-aganuʻu.
2.2. Tagata auai
O le faʻataʻitaʻiga na aofia ai le 80 male tane (Mtausaga = 26.41 tausaga, SD = 6.23, faasologa: 18–55). Aoga uiga sa 12.90 tausaga (SD = 0.45), 43 tagata (53.8%) faʻailoa e i ai se paʻaga. E fasefulu-iva tagata na faʻamatalaina i latou lava o le "heterosexual", 12 o le "medyo heterosexual", 5 o le "bisexual", 2 o le "medyo homosexual", ma le 12 o le "homosexual". O le numera o sui na faʻaaogaina faʻapitoa Initaneti polokalama faʻaosofia feusuaʻiga ma le uiga o le taimi faʻaalu mo nei faʻapitoa polokalama o loʻo faʻaalia i Laulau 1. E ono sefulu ono sui o le faʻataʻitaʻiga na maeʻa le suʻesuʻega i t2 ma t3. O le aofaʻi o le matua o lenei tusiga o le 25.91 (SD = 5.43). O tagata uma o le faʻavae na faʻailoa mai e faʻaaoga i luga ole laiga cybersex i taimi masani.
Laulau 1.
Faʻamatalaga o le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le 'upega tafaʻilagi gaioiga. Ole togi ma faʻailoga masani e faʻasino ile taimi (min / vaiaso) faʻaalu e faʻaaoga ai se faʻapitoa telefoni i luga ole laiga.
n | M | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
Softcore ata | 55 | 28.96 | 45.04 |
Softcore vitio | 26 | 20.03 | 30.81 |
Faigata faʻamalosi | 55 | 46.01 | 61.89 |
O le malologa | 75 | 116.15 | 171.66 |
Fefaʻatauaʻiga tau feusuaiga | 12 | 71.96 | 131.38 |
Feusuaiga e ala i le Webcam | 4 | 185.45 | 154.08 |
Ola feusuaiga Faʻaalia | 7 | 32.20 | 37.35 |
Manatua. Faamolemole ia matau le numera o tagata auai e faaaoga le tasi (n = 8), lua (n = 14), tolu (n = 8), fa (n = 25), lima (n = 12), ono (n = 10), poʻo le fitu (n = 3) o faʻapitoa talosaga i luga ole laiga cybersex. O lona uiga o togi uma ma faʻasesega masani e naʻo tagata taʻitasi na faʻaaogaina se faʻapitoa i luga ole initaneti i vaiaso uma.
2.3. Fesili
At t1, faʻailoga o le IPD, lagona lautele, lagona faʻanoanoa, ma Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻaosofia faʻaosofia na iloiloina. O aga masani agaʻi i le IPD na fuaina ma le puʻupuʻu o le Initaneti Suʻesuʻega Suʻesuʻega na suia mo feusuaiga (s-IATsex, Cronbach's α = 0.83) ( Laier et al., 2013 ma Wéry et al., 2015), lea e aofia ai le lua subscales "leiloa o le faʻatonutonu / taimi pulega" (s-IATsex-1) ma "faʻafitauli lautele / manaʻoga" (s-IATsex-2). E sefulu ma le lua aitema na taliina ile fua mai le 1 (= leai) i le 5 (= tele taimi), o loʻo aofai mo le aofaʻi o togi ma togi maualuluga e fai ma sui maualuluga agaʻi atu ile maualuga o faʻailoga o le IPD. Lautele lagona na iloiloina ma le Multidimensional Mood State Fesili (MDMQ, Cronbach's α = 0.94) (Steyer, Schwenkmezger, Notz, & Eid, 1997). E luasefulufa aitema na taliina ile fua mai le 1 (= leai uma) 5 (= leai), ma le aofai o togi ole vaega "lelei-leaga" (MDMQ-lelei), "ala-lelava" (MDMQ-ala mai) , ma le "toʻafilemu-popole" (MDMQ-malu) na fuafuaina. O togi maualuluga e fai ma sui lelei nai lo le leaga, ae ala nai lo le lelava, ae toafilemu nai lo le popolevale. Le Ponokalafi Faʻatauaina Inventory (PCI, Cronbach's α = 0.83) na faʻaaogaina e fua ai le fa aosiga uiga mo Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻaaogaina (Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, & Fong, 2011). Sefululima aitema na taliina luga o le fua mai le 1 (= aua le fiafia ia te aʻu) i le 5 (= masani ona pei o aʻu), ma togi uiga mo le vaega "aloese lagona" (PCI-EA), "Feusuaʻi fiailoa" (PCI-SC) , "Fiafia Saili" (PCI-ES), ma le "Feusuaiga fiafia" (PCI-SP) na fuafuaina. Maualuga togi fai ma sui maualuga faʻaosofia talafeagai mo Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻaaogaina. Ina ia faʻailoa le vaivai o le mafatiaga, o le suʻega o le Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS, Cronbach's α = 0.92) na faʻaaogaina (Schulz, Schlotz, & Becker, 2004). O le fesili fesili fesili mo malamalamaaga faʻamamafa lagona i le tolu masina talu ai ma le sefulu ma le lua aitema e tatau ona taliina luga o le fua mai 0 (= leai) i le (= tele taimi). O se aofaʻiga togi na fuafuaina. Maualuga togi faʻatusalia maualuga manatu popole. Ogatasi ma suesuega muamua ( Laier et al., 2014 ma Laier et al., 2015), na fesiligia tagata taʻitoʻatasi pe latou te faʻaogaina pe leai foʻi ni faʻaogaina o le Initaneti faʻatasi ma se tali tali "ioe / leai". Afai o lea, matou te fesiligia pe faʻafia ("le itiiti ifo i lo le tasi i le tausaga", "ia le itiiti ifo ma le tasi i le tausaga ma le itiiti ifo ma le tasi i le masina", "ia le itiiti ifo ma le tasi i le masina ma le itiiti ifo i le vaiaso taitasi", "ia le itiiti i le tasi i le vaiaso ma le itiiti ifo ma le faatasi i le aso "," ia le itiiti ifo i le tasi i le aso ") ma mo le a le umi (" minute e faʻaaoga ") latou te faʻaogaina le telefoni feaveaʻi. O fuainumera o le vaiaso faʻaalu i le taimi o minute mo le telefoni feaveaʻi na fuafuaina.
At t2 ma t3, matou iloiloina le lagona o loʻo i ai nei ma le faitaʻaga muamua aʻo leʻi maeʻa le matamataina o ponokalafi. O le mea lea, na matou suia le faatonuga a le MDMQ mai le "E masani lava ou te lagona ..." i le "I le taimi nei, ou te lagona ..." ma fai atu i tagata o le vasega e tali le fesili i le t2 (Cronbach's) α = 0.91) ma le t3 (Cronbach's) α = 0.93). Na matou faʻatusatusaina togi uma o le MDMQ-lelei, MDMQ-ala mai, ma le MDMQ-toʻafilemu i t2 ma t3. E le gata i lea, sikola pasi ("t3 "-"t2 ") na fuafuaina e faʻatusalia le faʻateleina o le lagona lelei (Δ-lelei), ala ala (Δ-fafagu), ma le toʻafilemu lagona (Δ-malu). Maualuga togi faʻatusalia malosi faʻateleina i le lelei, ala po o le toʻafilemu lagona. I le avea ai ma faʻailo o le faʻamalosi feusuaiga, na faʻaalia e tagata auai uma a latou feusuaʻiga i le taimi nei i luga o le fua mai le 0 = "le feusuaʻi feusuaiga" i le 100 = "matua feusuaʻi faʻamalosia" faʻapea foi ma latou manaʻoga e masturbate mai 0 = "leai manaʻomia masturbate" i le 100 = "Manaʻoga malosi manaʻomia masturbate" i t2 ma t3. Tau maualalo i t2 ma t3 ua fuafua, o maualuga maualuga e faʻaalia ai le malosi o feusuaiga poʻo le manaʻomia ona faʻafefe. E lua sikola tikeri e lua ("t2 "-"t3 ") na fuafuaina e fai ma sui o le faʻaititia o feusuaiga faʻaosofia (Δ-feusuaʻiga faʻamalosi) ma le faʻaititia o le manaʻoga e masturbate (Δ-manaʻomia e masturbate). Maualuga togi faʻatusalia le malosi faʻaititia o feusuaʻiga faʻaosofia ma le manaʻoga e faʻaalu. E le gata i lea, na fesiligia sui auai pe na latou tofo i se tasi pe sili atu orgasms ma pe faʻafiafiaina latou iloa le orgasm / s (fua mai le 0 = "leai uma faʻamalieina" i le 100 = "matua faʻamalieina"). O le lagona faʻamalieina ma le orgasm / s na faʻaaogaina e fai ma faʻailoga o le faʻamalieina ("feusuaiga faʻamalieina").
3. Iʻuga
O faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga o fesili o loʻo tuʻuina atu i totonu Laulau 2. O le numera o le s-IATsex o le 21.09 (SD = 0.69, laina: 12–42). O le s-IATsex faʻatasi fesoʻotaʻi ma le MDMQ-lelei (r = - 0.32, p = 0.004), MDMQ-ala mai (r = - 0.29, p = 0.009), MDMQ-toʻafilemu (r = - 0.30, p = 0.007), o le PCI-EA (r = 0.48, p <0.001), o le PCI-ES (r = 0.40, p <0.001), ma le TICS (r = 0.36, p ≤ 0.001). O le s-IATsex e leʻi faʻafesoʻotaʻia le PCI-SC (r = 0.01, p = 0.91) ma le PCI-SP (r = 0.02, p = 0.85).
Laulau 2.
Faʻamatala faʻamaonia o fesili na iloiloina i t1.
N = 80 | M | SD |
|---|---|---|
s-IATsex-1 | 11.47 | 4.69 |
s-IATsex-2 | 9.61 | 3.21 |
MDMQ-lelei | 3.89 | 0.88 |
MDMQ-ala mai | 3.43 | 0.80 |
MDMQ-toʻa | 3.56 | 0.78 |
PCI-EA | 2.19 | 1.08 |
PCI-SC | 2.52 | 0.94 |
PCI-SE | 2.62 | 0.95 |
PCI-SP | 4.08 | 0.71 |
TICS | 1.41 | 0.87 |
Mai le siʻomaga o le 66 tagata na faʻauʻuina le suʻesuʻega i le t2 ma t3, 65 na faailoa mai o le matamata i ponokalafi i luga o le initaneti na o mai faatasi ma le masturbation. E le gata i lea, o le 61 o tagata na auai na latou iloa le sili atu ma le tasi (orgasm) aʻo matamata i ponokalafi ma faʻafefe. E toʻatolu tagata na faʻaalia e toʻalua, ma e toʻalua tagata taʻitasi ua faʻamaonia ua oʻo i le tolu orgasms (M = 1.11, SD = 0.41). O tagata e toʻafa na lipotia mai latou te le i mauaina se orgasm na faʻateʻaina mai nisi auiliiliga. I le vaega o totoe o le 61 tagata na auai, o le togi averesi o le aotelega s-IATsex togi sa M = 20.59, SD = 6.59. O le togi togi a le s-IATsex-1 sa M = 11.12 (SD = 4.70), o le togi masani o le s-IATsex-2 sa M = 9.39 (SD = 2.79). Moni togi o le MDMQ-lelei, MDMQ-ala mai, MDMQ-toʻafilemu, le faʻamalosia feusuaiga ma le manaʻomia masturbate i t2 ma t3 faʻapea foʻi ma taunuuga o t-o talosaga mo faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻalagolago e tuʻuina atu i totonu Laulau 3.
Laulau 3.
O fuaitau faʻamatalaina o fesili e fuaina i t2 ma t3 faʻapea foʻi ma taunuuga o t-tese mo numera faʻalagolago.
N = 61 | t1 | t2 | t | p | da | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
MDMQ-lelei | 3.91 | 0.90 | 4.14 | 0.77 | 3.22 | 0.002⁎⁎ | 0.18 |
MDMQ-ala mai | 3.06 | 0.12 | 3.19 | 0.93 | 1.61 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
MDMQ-toʻa | 3.74 | 0.85 | 4.20 | 0.56 | 5.23 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 0.60 |
Feusuaiga feusuaʻi | 51.69 | 26.19 | 27.69 | 27.44 | 4.88 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 0.89 |
Manaomia le masturbate | 75.67 | 23.24 | 7.61 | 17.35 | 20.38 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 3.30 |
a
Cohen's d mo faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻalagolago.
⁎⁎
p ≤ 0.01.
I le averesi, o le faaitiitia o le fausiaina o feusuaiga (Δ-feusuaiga) M = 24.00 (SD = 38.42), o le faʻaititia o le manaʻoga e totogia (Δ-manaʻomia e totō) sa M = 68.06 (SD = 26.08). A toese t2 mai t3, o le siʻitia o lagona lelei (Δ-lelei) sa M = 0.23 (SD = 0.54), o le faʻatupulaia o le ala ala (awake-fafagu) sa M = 0.12 (SD = 0.59), ma le faʻateleina o le toʻafilemu lagona (Δ-toʻafilemu) sa M = 0.45 (SD = 0.68). Pearson-faʻafesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le s-IATsex togi ma faʻailoga o feusuaiga faʻaosofia ma lagona ile t2 ma t3 o loʻo faʻaalia i Laulau 4.
Laulau 4.
Pearson-faʻamalamalamaga o faʻamatalaga o le Initaneti-ponokalafi-o le vaʻaia o maʻi ma faʻamaoniga o lagona feusuaʻi ma lagona muamua (t2) ma mulimuli ai (t3) mataʻituina le Initaneti i le siosiomaga tumaʻoti.
N = 61 | S-IATsex | s-IATsex-1 | s-IATsex-2 |
|---|---|---|---|
t1 | |||
Feusuaiga feusuaʻi | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.02 |
Manaomia le masturbate | - 0.01 | - 0.03 | 0.02 |
t2 | |||
Feusuaiga feusuaʻi | - 0.11 | - 0.12 | - 0.06 |
Manaomia le masturbate | - 0.06 | 0.06 | - 0.25⁎ |
Δ-Faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.06 |
Δ-Manaomia le masturbate | 0.03 | - 0.07 | 0.19 |
t1 | |||
MDMQ-lelei | - 0.40⁎ | - 0.40⁎⁎ | - 0.27⁎ |
MDMQ-ala mai | - 0.23 | - 0.23 | - 0.17 |
MDMQ-toʻa | - 0.41⁎⁎ | - 0.44⁎⁎ | - 0.23 |
t2 | |||
MDMQ-lelei | - 0.32⁎ | - 0.28⁎ | - 0.29⁎ |
MDMQ-ala mai | - 0.14 | - 0.07 | - 0.22 |
MDMQ-toʻa | - 0.35⁎⁎ | - 0.30⁎ | - 0.33⁎⁎ |
Δ-Lelei | 0.21 | 0.27⁎ | 0.04 |
Δ-Malie | 0.14 | 0.24 | - 0.09 |
Δ-Malie | 0.22 | 0.31⁎ | 0.02 |
⁎
p ≤ 0.05 (faʻamaoniga e matua eseʻese mai le leai ma le alpha = 5%, lua-tailed).
⁎⁎
p ≤ 0.01 (faʻamaoniga e matua eseʻese mai le leai ma le alpha = 1%, lua-tailed).
Le faʻataʻitaʻiina o fegalegaleaiga i le va o mea faʻamalosia ma suiga i faʻamatalaga o lagona faʻafeusuaiga ma lagona e mafua mai i ponokalafi i luga o le Initaneti faʻaaoga i le vaʻaia o tuʻinanau agai i le IPD, na matou fuafuaina se faʻavasegaga faʻavasegaina o le faʻavasegaina ma faʻataʻotoga vavalalata vavalalata (Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2003). O le sikoa s-IATsex o le fesuiaiga faalagolago. I le laasaga muamua, na faamatalaina ai e le PCI-ES le 8.90% o le s-IATsex, F(1, 59) = 5.79, p = 0.02. Faʻaopopoina feusuaʻiga faʻamalieina (iloa le faʻamalieina ma orgasm) i le lua laʻasaga, feeseeseaiga e leʻi faʻateleina tele, suiga i R2 = 0.006, suiga i totonu F(1, 58) = 0.36, p = 0.55. Pe a ulufale i le fegalegaleaiga o le PCI-SE ma feusuaiga faamalieina, o le faamalamalamaga o le s-IATsex faateleina faateleina, suiga i R2 = 0.075, suiga i totonu F(1, 57) = 5.14, p = 0.03. O le aotelega faʻamatalaga o le s-IATsex e ala i le tolu valoʻaga tumau taua (R2 = 0.17, F(3, 57) = 3.89, p = 0.01). Mo nisi faʻatauaina, vaʻai Laulau 5.
Laulau 5.
Suʻesuʻega faʻavae faʻavae faʻavae ma s-IATsex sikoa sikoa e pei o le fesuiaiga faʻalagolago.
β | T | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Aafiaga autu "PCI-ES" | 0.32 | 2.61 | 0.01 |
"Fiafiaga i feusuaiga" | 0.16 | 1.26 | 0.21 |
"PCI-ES × faʻamalieina feusuaiga" | 0.29 | - 2.27 | 0.02 |
Ona o le taua tele o le fegalegaleaiga o le PCI-ES ma le faamalieina o feusuaiga, na matou iloiloina ai auala faigofie e taulimaina ai le aafiaga o le faaitiitia i nisi auiliiliga. O le pa'ū o le laina o le amio pulea e fai ma sui o le "maualalo o le faamalieina o feusuaiga" (fuafaatatau faavae-faavae mo mataupu tasi SD lalo ole uiga ole kulupu) na matua eseʻese mai le leai (t = 3.67, p = 0.001). O le malifa o laina faʻafefeteina e fai ma sui o le "faʻaosofia feusuaiga maualuga" (regression-faʻavae fuafuaina mo mataupu tasi SD luga aʻe o le uiga o le kulupu) sa leʻi ese mai le zero (t = 0.48, p = 0.64). E faʻaalia ai o le aofaʻi o togi o le s-IATsex sa maualuga atu pe a fai o tagata taʻitoʻatasi e iai se naunautaʻiga maualuga e matamata ponokalafi i luga o le upega tafailagi e saili ai le faʻaoso tutoʻatasi mai pe o le maualuga poʻo le faʻamalieina faʻamalieina maualuga pe maualalo (vaʻai Mati. 1).
Fig. 1.
Faʻaalia o le iloiloga o le faʻavasegaina o le faʻavasegaina lea o le numera o s-IATsex o le fesuiaiga faalagolago. O tagata taʻitoʻatasi na latou maua le fiafia tele i feusuaiga ao matamata le matamataina o ponokalafi i luga o le s-IATsex mai le latou uunaiga e matamata i le Initaneti ata mataga. O tagata taʻitoʻatasi e maualalo le faʻafeusuaʻiga tau feusuaʻiga na maualuga le maualuga i le s-IATsex pe a latou matamata i luga o le Initaneti mo ponoga fiafia.
4. Talanoaga
4.1. Faaiuga lautele
O taunuʻuga taua o le suʻesuʻega o tuʻinanauga agaʻi i le IPD na fesoʻotaʻi le lelei ma le lagona e masani ona lelei, ala, ma toʻafilemu faʻapea foi ma le mautinoa i lagona faigata i aso uma o le olaga ma le faʻaosofia e faʻaaoga Initaneti ponokalafi i tulaga o le faʻamalieina sailia ma le aloese mai lagona. E le gata i lea, na faʻaalia foi o le matamata i le Initaneti i ponokalafi na o ia lava i lona siʻosiʻomaga sa le faʻateʻia ona o loʻo iai ma le faʻaititia o le faʻaosofia o feusuaiga ma le manaʻomia o le totogia, ae faʻapea foi ma le faʻateleina o lagona ile tulaga o lagona lelei, sili atu ala male malu. E le gata i lea, o aga agai i le IPD na le lelei le fesoʻotaʻi ma le mafaufau i luma ma le maeʻa matamata i Initaneti ponokalafi faʻapea foi ma le moni faʻateleina o le lelei ma le toʻafilemu lagona. O le sootaga i le va o tuinanau agaʻi i le IPD ma le sagisagi sailia ona o le Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻaaogaina na faʻatonuina e le iloiloga o le poto masani orgasm faamalieina. O le mea masani, o iʻuga o le suʻesuʻega e o gatasi ma le manatu faʻapea o le IPD e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaosofia e maua le faʻamalieina o tuʻinanau ma ia aloese pe faʻafetauia ma lagona le fiafia faʻapea foi ma le manatu o suiga o lagona ina ua maeʻa le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 ma Laier ma le Faʻailoga, 2014).
Na faʻatulaga muamua atu o le faʻatinoina o le Initaneti-ponokalafi e faʻaaogaina e taulimaina ai lagona faʻavaivai poʻo le popolega e mafai ona manatu o se tulaga lamatia mo le atinaʻeina o le IPD (Cooper et al., 1999). Talu ai na matou suʻesuʻeina se faʻataʻitaʻiga e le o ni faʻataʻitaʻiga, o faʻamatalaga o faʻamatalaga e taʻu mai ai o nei tagata e lipoti mai le itiiti ifo o le tele o faʻamaoniga o le IPD, o le popolega ae o se lagona lelei lautele. Ae peitai, e pei ona faamoemoeina, o le matamata i le Initaneti o ponokalafi e taitai atu ai i le faateleina o le lagona ma le faaitiitia o lagona feusuai, e oo lava i se faataitaiga faataitai. O taunuʻuga na aʻafia ai le leaga o le mafaufau i le IPD i le taimi muamua ma le maeʻa ona faʻaaogaina i luga ole Initaneti-ponokalafi ma e tutusa lelei ma suiga tutusa i lagona e o gatasi ma le faʻaogaina o le fesoʻotaʻiga o le faʻaogaina o le faʻaaogaina ma le IPD (Cooper et al., 1999). O le taua o le le lelei o le taulimaina mo le atinaeina o le IPD na faamamafaina foi i le ata lata mai o le I-PACE (Brand, Young, Laier, Wolfing, et al., 2016). O le I-PACE faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapea o tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le tele o uiga masani autu atonu o le a maua i latou i se tulaga latou te lagona ai le popole, i ai a latou lava feteʻenaʻiga, pe lagona le masani ai lagona. Lenei tatau ona taitaiina atu i afaina ma le malamalama tali, eg i le manaʻoga mo le faʻatonutonuina o lagona ma le filifiliga e faʻaaoga se Initaneti polokalama e pei o Initaneti ponokalafi. O le manatu o le faʻamalieina maua e Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻaaogaina faʻamalosia le faʻaaogaina coping style, ae sili atu maoti mafuaʻaga mo matamata ponokalafi ma Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻapitoa mafaufau. O le fesoʻotaʻiga o se mafuaʻaga faʻaosofia mo le matamata i Initaneti ponokalafi ma le lagona faʻamalieina mo le faʻamatalaina o faʻailoga o le IPD o loʻo avea ma sui i le feololo faʻafetaui, lea o le va i le va o le faʻaosofia o Initaneti-ponokalafi faʻaaogaina ona o le fiafia saili ma faʻailoga o IPD na faʻatonuina e le iloiloga o le poto masani orgasm faamalieina. Tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma maualalo le fiafia sailia ona o Initaneti ponokalafi faʻaaogaina ma maualalo le iloa feusuaʻiga faamalieina lipotia maualalo uiga agai i le IPD. Peitaʻi, o tagata taʻitoʻatasi na maualuluga togi i luga o le IPD ogaoga ogaoga pe a fai na latou maua se naunautaʻiga maualuga mo Initaneti ponokalafi faʻaaogaina i tulaga o le fiafia e saili tutoʻatasi mai pe o latou moni na matamata matamata i Initaneti ponokalafi e faʻamalieina pe leai. Lenei iʻuga ono fesoʻotaʻi ma se isi manatu o le I-PACE faʻataʻitaʻiga, e pei o Initaneti-ponokalafi vaisu e tatau ona taʻitaʻia ai i le faʻamalieina i le taimi puʻupuʻu, ae o nisi tagata ua i ai i le tulaga lamatia e maua se suiga mai le faʻamalieina i taui pei o le fai ma vaisu liʻo alu i luma tau atu i le atinaʻega o cue-reactivity ma manaʻoga faʻapea foi i le faʻateleina faʻaititia faʻaititia o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina ma leaga faʻaiuga i aso uma olaga (Brand, Young, Laier, Wolfing, et al., 2016). Talu ai o le faitaʻaga faʻafeusuaiga e mafai ona malamalama i ai o se mea muamua ma o lea e malosi ai le faʻamalosiina o le faʻamalosi (Georgiadis ma Kringelbach, 2012 ma Janssen, 2011) ma faasaga i tua o le faʻatulagaina o faiga i le tulaga o mea ua fai ma vaisu (Berridge, Robinson, & Aldridge, 2009), e fetaui lelei le manatu o le fausiaina o feusuaiga e mafai ona malamalama i ai o se mea faʻaosofiaina e le faʻamalosia e mafai ona aʻafia ai i fafo ma le loto i fafo o faʻamatalaga e le faʻaituau lea e taʻitaʻia ai le faʻafetauia ma le tali atu. E fetaui lea ma suʻesuʻega e suʻesuʻeina ai le faiʻai o faʻafitauli i faafitauli i le puleaina o amio feusuaʻiga e faʻaalia ai o le gaioioiga o le fausiaina o le mafaufau ma le gasegase o le manaʻoga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaalia o feusuaʻiga faʻafeusuaiga (Brand et al., 2016a ma Voon et al., 2014). I le taimi nei, o taunuuga e ogatasi ma le valoʻaga e faapea o le faʻaaogaina o le ponokalafi i luga o le Initaneti e taulimaina ai lagona faʻavaivai poʻo le atuatuvale e mafai ona manatu o se tulaga lamatia mo le atiaeina o le IPD. O nisi o manatu autu o loʻo iai nisi o manatu autu mo le faʻaaogaina o le Initaneti, ae o nei faʻatulagaga e tatau ona faʻamautuina e uiga i auala e fesoasoani i le atinaʻeina ma le tausia o le faʻaaogaina o vaisu i luga o le Initaneti.
4.2. Tapulaa ma suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi
Na matou talanoaina se faʻataʻitaʻiga ile falemaʻi ile suʻesuʻeina ole faʻataʻitaʻi e leʻo ile falemaʻi. E iai foʻi le eseʻesega i le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le agaʻi i le IPD, o iʻuga e manaʻomia e faʻamaonia i se fesoasoani fesoasoani. E le gata i lea, talu ai na matou faʻaputuputuina naʻo tagata na malilie e suʻesuʻeina muamua ma ina ua maeʻa matamata Initaneti ponokalafi i le fale, o se filifiliga faʻaituʻau ono tupu. E ui na matou fesiligia tagata auai pe latou te nonofo i se mafutaga, ae leai pe latou te nonofo faʻatasi ma a latou paga. Mo ono faʻaituʻau lenei manaʻomia e faʻatonutonuina mo i lumanaʻi suʻesuʻega. E le gata i lea, e le mafai ona faʻatonutonuina le faʻaituʻau i ni mea faʻapitoa. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e ono talanoaina ai aʻafiaga o ponokalafi faʻaaoga i lagona i se auiliiliga sili atu (eg, ma taimi uumi suʻesuʻega) pe faʻatatau i fafine faʻaaogaina ata o Initaneti.
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Faʻamatalaga Faʻamatalaga Faʻamatalaga o Nei, 2 (2015), pp. 202-206 http://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0060-0
SW Kraus, V. Voon, MN Potenza
Pe tatau ona avea le amio pulea feusuaʻiga ma vaisu?
Togafitiga, 111 (2016), pp. 2097-2106 http://doi.org/10.1111/add.13297
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C. Laier, M. Brand
Faʻailoga faʻamaoniga ma iloiloga faʻavae i mea e mafua ai le faʻataunuʻuina o le cybersex mai se mafaufauga-amio amio
Faʻafeusuaiga ma le Faʻamalosi, 21 (2014), i. 305-321 http://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2014.970722
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C. Laier, M. Pawlikowski, J. Pekal, FP Schulte, M. Brand
Cyclesex addiction: O le faʻaosoosoina o lagona faʻafeusuaiga pe a matamata i ponokalafi ma e le o feusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga e faia ai le eseesega
Faʻamaumauga o Faʻasalalau Faʻaleaga, 2 (2013), pp. 100-107 http://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.002
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C.Laier, J. Pekal, M. Brand
O le tagofia o le Cybersex i tamaʻitaʻi o loʻo faʻaaogaina ponokalafi i luga o le initaneti e mafai ona faʻamatalaina e ala i le faʻamalieina o manatu
CyberPsychology, Faʻaalia, ma Fesoʻotaiga Faʻalafesootai, 17 (2014), pp. 505-511 http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0396
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C.Laier, J. Pekal, M. Brand
Faʻasalaga faʻafeusuaiga ma le faʻaleagaina o le mafaufau e filifili ai vaisu i luga o le cybersex i tane tauatane
CyberPsychology, Faʻaalia, ma Fesoʻotaiga Faʻalafesootai, 18 (2015), pp. 575-580 http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0152
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T. Alofa, C.Laier, M. Brand, L. Hatch, R. Hajela
Neuroscience o le tagofia o ponokalafi i luga o le Initaneti: O se toe iloiloga ma le faʻafouina
Vasega Faʻataʻitaʻi, 5 (2015), pp. 388-433 http://doi.org/10.3390/bs5030388
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G.-J. Meerkerk, RJJM van den Eijnden, HFL Garretsen
Faʻatagaina Faʻamalosi Initaneti faʻaaogaina: E faatatau uma i feusuaiga!
CyberPsychology & Amioga, 9 (2006), i. 95-103 http://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.95
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J. Peter, PM Valkenburg
Pe o le faʻafefe i le faʻalauiloaina o le Initaneti o mea e faʻalautele ai le tino o le le fiafia? O se suesuega umi
Computers in Human Humanity, 36 (2014), pp. 297-307 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.071
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MN Potenza
O amioga e le o ni mea e fai ma vaisu i le uiga ole DSM-5
Faʻafiafiaga Faʻatele, 39 (2014), pp. 1-2 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.004
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RC Reid, DS Li, R. Gilliland, JA Stein, T. Fong
Lagolagoina, faʻamaonia, ma le faʻaleleia o mafaufauga o faʻataʻitaʻiga o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o tane feusuaʻi
Tusi o talaaga o feusuaiga & faʻaipoipoga, 37 (2011), i. 359-385 http://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2011.607047
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H. Rosenberg, SW Kraus
O le mafutaga o le "fiafiaga fiafia" mo ponokalafi ma le faʻamalosi o feusuaiga, faʻafia ona faʻaaoga, ma le naunau mo ponokalafi
Faʻafiafiaga Faʻatele, 39 (2014), pp. 1012-1017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.010
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MW Ross, S.-A. Månsson, K. Daneback
Faʻaauau, faʻamalosi, ma faʻamaonia le faʻalavelave faʻaaogaina le Initaneti i tane ma fafine Suetena
Faʻamatalaga o amioga tau feusuaiga, 41 (2012), pp. 459-466 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9762-0
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P. Schulz, W. Schlotz, P. Becker
Trierer Inventar zum Chronischen Stress (TICS)
Hogrefe, Göttingen (2004)
K. Shaughnessy, ES Byers, SL Clowater, A. Kalinowski
Iloiloina e le tagata lava ia o gaoioiga faʻafeusuaiga i luga o le initoneti i le iunivesite ma samoa samoa
Faʻamatalaga o amioga tau feusuaiga, 43 (2014), pp. 1187-1197 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0115-z
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J. Snagowski, E. Wegmann, J. Pekal, C. Laier, M. Brand
Faʻasalaga faʻapitoa i vaisu cybersex: Faʻafeiloaʻiga o se Suʻega Faʻapitoa a le Atina ma ata mataga
Faʻafiafiaga Faʻatele, 49 (2015), pp. 7-12 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.009
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N. Stanley, C. Barter, M. Wood, N. Aghtaie, C. Larkins, A. Lanau, C. Överlien
Ponokalafi, feusuaiga ma sauaga ma feusuaiga i fegalegaleaiga vavalalata a tagata talavou: O se suesuega i Europa
Tusi o talaaga o le vavalalata tagata (2016) http://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516633204
R. Steyer, P. Schwenkmezger, P. Notz, M. Eid
Der Mehrdimensionale Befindlichkeitsfragebogen (MDBF)
Hogrefe, Göttingen (1997)
V. Voon, TB Mole, P. Banca, L. Porter, L. Morris, S. Mitchell,… M. Irvine
Faʻasalaga i le Neural o le gaioiga faʻafeusuai i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma e aunoa ma ni amioga mataga faʻafeusuaiga
PloS One, 9 (2014), Mataupu e102419 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419
Wéry, J. Billieux
Telefoni feaveaʻi: Faʻamatalaga, iloiloga, ma togafitiga
Faʻafiafiaga Faʻatele, 64 (2015), pp. 238-246 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.007
Wéry, J. Burnay, L. Karila, J. Billieux
O le poto masani ole Initaneti Faʻataʻitaʻiga I le Initaneti ua faʻafetaui i gaioiga tau feusuaiga i luga o le initaneti: Aloaia ma fesoʻotaʻiga ma feusuaʻiga tau feusuaʻiga i luga o le initaneti ma faʻamalologa
Journal of Sex Research, 30 (2015), pp. 1-10 http://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2015.1051213
KS Young
Inisitituti i le Initaneti: Faʻamatalaga o tulaga lamatia, laasaga o le atinaʻe, ma le faʻaleagaina
American Behavioral Scientist, 52 (2008), pp. 21-37 http://doi.org/10.1177/0002764208321339
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E tutusa le tusitala i le: General Psychology: Cognition, University of Duisburg-Essen ma le Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Siamani.
© 2016 Le Tusitala. Lomia e Elsevier BV
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