UPU FAAIUGA: New study reports large percentage of child porn (CP) users have no sexual interest in children. It was only after years of viewing adult porn, resulting in habituation to new genre after new genre, that porn users eventually sought more extreme material and genres, eventually escalating into CP. Researchers point to the nature of internet porn (endless novelty via tube sites) as playing a substantial role in conditioning sexual arousal to extreme content, such as CP. Faʻamatalaga talafeagai:
The nature of the internet promotes non-pedophiles to escalate eventually:
Lenei tatou te talanoaina tamaloloa lava-faʻapitoa lava mafuaʻaga faʻaosofia mo le amataga ma le tausiga o le matamata CP luga o le Initaneti. Matou te taulaʻi faʻapitoa i luga ole Initaneti faʻamalosia feusuaʻiga faʻamalosia ona o muai manatu e faapea o le Initaneti lava ia mafai faʻalauiloaina tulaga ese mea na mafua ai lenei amioga (Quayle, Vaughan, & Taylor, 2006).
Faʻasalaga o se ala i le faʻaaogaina o le CP:
Several participants reported being sexually interested in pornography that they described as ‘taboo’ or ‘extreme’, meaning it fell outside the range of what they considered traditional sexual activities or behaviors. For example, Mike reported searching for “anything unusual really, as long as it wasn’t … regular looking things.” Participants often started by viewing Internet pornography on the lower end of the taboo spectrum (e.g., spanking, transvestism), and described a gradual progression to viewing more extreme sexual stimuli in response to what appeared to be habituation to these sexual activities or themes. As shown in Figure 1, the drive to discover increasingly taboo pornography ultimately facilitated the use of CP for some participants, following their habituation to a myriad of pornographic themes, including illicit but non-pedophilic behaviors (e.g., incest, bestiality). As Jamie described, “I’d look at BDSM things, and then get to more really sadistic things and other taboos, and then eventually just kind of feel like, ‘well, again, fuck it. I’ll take the plunge’”. The fact that CP is illegal actually increased some participants’ arousal, such as Ben who explained, “I felt like what I was doing was illegal, and it gave me a tremendous rush”, and Travis, who noted, “Sometimes it felt good to do something you’re not supposed to be doing.”
Hyperfocused sexual arousal:
Tasi i lenei tulaga o le faʻataʻitaʻiga feusuaʻiga o lagona, o tagata auai na faigofie ai le faʻamaonia o le vaʻaia atili o le tabu ma mulimuli ane faasolitulafono ponokalafi. O lenei suʻesuʻega e lagolagoina e suʻesuʻega talu ai na faʻaalia ai o 'visceral' setete o le faʻaosofia e mafai ai e tagata ona le amanaʻia mea e ono taofia ai amioga faʻapitoa o feusuaʻiga (Loewenstein, 1996). …. O le taimi na le toe i ai ni tagata auai i lenei tulaga o le faʻataʻitaʻiga o feusuaʻiga, sa latou lipotia mai ai o le CP na latou vaʻaia na avea ma le fiafia ma le faʻamalieina, o se faʻalavelave na lipotia mai e Quayle ma Taylor (2002).
Seeking novelty:
Na faamatala mai e le au auai, a o faaalialia i latou i le Initaneti ponokalafi, na latou maua ai le faateleina o lo latou le fia iloa i ituaiga o (tulafono) ponokalafi na latou masani ai. O le mea lea, na amata ona manaʻo ma sailia e faʻatosina mai ai ni mea faʻaosofia e faʻaosofia ai feusuaʻiga o mea fou ma autu. O le Initaneti foliga mai e fesoasoani i tagata auai lagona o le fiu ma le manaʻo mo fou feusuaʻiga o lagona, ona o le lautele o le Initaneti fautua mai le i ai o le tele o le tele o ponokalafi, soʻo se tasi poʻo nei mea uma e sili atu le fiafia pe faʻaosofia nai lo mea sa latou i ai nei matamata. I le faʻamatalaina o lenei faiga, na faʻamatala ai e Ioane:
Na amata lava i tamaloloa masani a tagata matutua ma fafine ituaiga mea, ma ua fai foi sina le malie, ia ona atonu e te vaʻavaʻaia ni mea lesbian mo sina taimi, ma e faʻasolosolo teisi, ona amata loa lea o lou sailiiliga.
Faʻasalaga (masani) e taʻitaʻia ai le faʻaopoopo:
I a latou taumafaiga e suʻe ni tala fou ma faʻafeusuaiga, na amata ai ona suʻesuʻeina e tagata o le vasega ia vaega o ponokalafi e aofia ai amioga lautele, paaga, matafaioi, ma le malosi nai lo le mea na latou mafaufau muamua i ai. E mafai ona atagia mai ai sina faʻalauteleina o tuaoi o le amio poo le tulafono lea e faʻamaonia e se tagata mo i latou lava e uiga i ituaiga o ponokalafi latou te manatu 'taliaina'. E pei ona faamalamalama mai e Mike, "Oe na o le kolosiina o tuaoi ma kolosi tuaoi - [oe taʻu ia oe lava] 'e te le faia lava lena mea', ae e te faia lea."
O le alualu i luma o Mike ma isi tagata na auai na fautuaina mai ai le mafai ona i ai se uiga masani, e pei o le toatele o tagata na lipotia mai na iu lava ina latou manaomia le faateleina o le tapunia po o le matautia o ponokalafi ina ia maua ai le tikeri tutusa o le fiafia. E pei ona faamalamalama mai e Justin, "Na ou maua le agalelei o le paʻu i lalo i le mea tonu lava, e tatau ona avea ma se fiafiaga tele ina ia i ai soʻu aafiaga ia te oe." O le toatele o tagata auai i la matou suesuega na lipotia mai le matamataina o le tele o ituaiga o ponokalafi ao le i sailia le CP, lea e talitutusa ma suʻesuʻega talu ai e faailoa ai o tagata ei ai Solitulafono a le CP atonu e amata i le faaaogaina o ponokalafi faaletulafono ma faasolosolo malie i le matamataina o mea e le tusa ai ma tulafono, faʻaalia ma le le fiafia (Ray et al., 2014).
Habituation leads some users to CP:
E pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 1, o tagata auai e masani ona uila i le va o le sailia o mea fou ma masaniga i le tele o taimi aʻo leʻi amata ona latou sailia le CP. A maeʻa ona maua se ata fou ma sili ona faaosofia ai ponokalafi, o le a faʻaalu e tagata auai le tele o itula e suʻe ai, matamata, ma aoina mai fua o lenei natura, e "tataʻi" le matamata i nei mea. ituaiga o ponokalafi e le o toe maua ai se tikeri malosi o le fausiaina o feusuaiga, ma mafua ai ona latou toe faia le sailiga mo gaioiga masani tau feusuaiga:
Ou te manatu i le taimi muamua, ua ou le fiafia. I pei, o le a ou maua se autu ou te fiafia i ai ... ma faigofie tele ona ou maua se ituaiga, ou te le iloa, ou te faʻaaogaina le autu - Ou te le fiafia, ua ou vaʻai tele - ma ona ou seʻe atu ai lea i le sili atu. (Semi)
Sa amata ona ou tilotilo i ata o talavou matutua [matutua] ina ua ou matamata muamua i ponokalafi i luga o le Initoneti, ona faatoa ou vaai ai lea i teine laiti ma teineiti, ma mulimuli ane o fanau. (Ben)
O le masaniga o amioga masani ua lelei ona faavaeina i isi vaega o mafaufauga ma ua uma ona talanoaina e faatatau i le matamata i ponokalafi. Elliott ma Beech o loʻo faʻamatalaina lenei faagasologa e pei o, "... o se faʻaitiitiga i tulaga faʻafefeteina i fuataga tutusa i luga o faʻamatalaga faifai pea - pe a faʻapea, i le matamataina o ata feusuaʻiga, atonu o le a sailia e tagata solitulafono ni tusitusiga, ata sili ona matautia i le taimi e fafagaina ai o latou manaʻoga, Elliott ma Beech, (2009, itulau 187).
As with other genres of pornography, extensive exposure to CP eventually caused most participants to describe habituating to these materials, including participants who reported a sexual interest in children (just as participants interested in adults habituated to genres of adult pornography). This often led participants to seek out CP involving younger victims and/or more graphic sexual depictions in an attempt to evoke the same degree of arousal originally experienced in response to viewing these materials. As Justin explained, “You try to look for something that will give you some spark, or some feeling, and initially, it didn’t. As you get younger and younger, it did.” Some participants reported reaching a point where they began seeking CP involving children who would previously have been too young for them to find arousing. Travis commented, “Over time, the models did get younger … before, I would not even consider anything under 16.” It is particularly interesting that, unlike other types of pornography, participants reported continuing to view CP even after their arousal to these materials had diminished. This raises questions regarding the personal and situational factors involved in maintaining this behavior.
Fesootaiga o feusuaiga:
O le toatele o tagata na auai na lipotia mai e leʻi iloa muamua le fiafia i feusuaʻiga i fanau ao le i vaʻaia le CP ona talitonu o le faʻaauau ona faʻaalia i nei mea e 'matua faʻamalosia' ia i latou e atiina ae se aia feusuaʻi i tamaiti.
Talu ai e toetoe o tagata uma na auai na lipotia mai le leai o se naunau e auai i feusuaʻiga tau feusuaʻiga, e ono mafai e lenei faiga ona faʻamalosia tagata auai e atiaʻe le fiafia i le CP, nai lo le fanau lava ia (ma le faalauteleina o feusuaiga i tamaiti). Na tuʻuina mai e le au auai le tele o faʻamatalaga o le auala na latou manatu ai i lenei faiga faʻapitoa:
E pei ole… pe a iai sau sipo muamua ole gin, poʻo le a lava. E te manatu, 'e mataʻutia lea', ae e te alu pea lava ma e amata ona e fiafia i le gin. (Ioane).
O gaioiga i loʻu mafaufau e fesootaʻi ma feusuaʻiga tau feusuaʻiga, o taʻaloga na taina aʻo ou matamata i ata o tamaiti ... tausaga o le faia atonu na ono mafua ai suiga i loʻu faiʻai. (Ben)
A o faateleina lo latou fiafia i le CP, o le au auai oe na vaʻavaʻai muamua i ata ma ata mataga a tamaiti ma le faʻataʻitaʻiga o loʻo maua ai le faʻateteleina o le faʻaosoosoina o le faʻaosofia o feusuaiga e aofia ai tagata matutua.
I le tau aoga, o lenei tulaga faʻaletonu foliga e ono feteʻenaʻi ma le poto masani o le masani ai faʻamatalaina muamua. Peitaʻi, e taua tele ona malamalama e mo tagata e leai se feusuaʻiga i tamaiti, e foliga mai o loʻo tupu ai le faʻatulagaina o amioga i le va o le amataga o le vaʻaia o CP ma tagata auai i mea mulimuli.
Their compulsion looks like addiction in several ways:
Masalo o se tasi o mea sili ona fiafia i ai suʻesuʻega e faʻatatau i tagata auai 'faamatalaina le le mafai ona' alualu i luma 'mai CP pe a maeʻa a latou nofoaga ma faaitiitia tali i nei mea. O le le malamalama i le le mafai ona tuʻueseese mai lenei amio na mafua ai ona manatu nisi tagata auai o lo latou faaaogaina o le CP o se 'faamalosi' poo le 'vaisu'. E pei ona faamatalaina e Travis:
Ou te le iloa pe i ai se mea e pei o se vaisu ... mea e te faia se mea e te le fia faia, ae na masani ona ou sau ma vaai malosi i nisi taimi o nei 'upega tafaʻilagi po e fai ai lenei mea, aua e tatau ona ou toe alu e siaki.
Peitai, e tatau ona maitauina, e leai se tasi o le aufaʻamatalaina na faamatalaina moni amioga faʻamalosi-faamalosi pe na lipotia mai ni auga o le faaui i tua ina ua le toe faaaogaina o latou CP, faʻapea o lenei amioga e le o se vaisua i le masani tuʻuaiga o le upu….
The search for novelty, due to habituation, was more arousing than viewing CP:
One manifestation of this ‘compulsion’ is reflected by our finding that nearly all participants, regardless of their original motivation for viewing CP, reported that the act of searching the Internet for new sexual stimuli eventually superseded the enjoyment of actually viewing these materials. Following from our proposed behavioral facilitation process, we suggest the possibility that participants began to prefer the search for CP over the act of viewing it because by the time participants reached the stage of actively seeking CP – arguably the most taboo type of pornography – they had progressed through (and habituated to) numerous genres of pornography and could no longer conceive of any sexual themes or activities that would be sufficiently taboo or extreme to evoke the intense sexual response they desired. Consequently, we suggest that the excitement and anticipation associated with potentially discovering novel and highly arousing pornography becomes more intense than the feelings experienced in response to viewing these materials. This, in turn, is expected to fuel participants’ desire to continue seeking CP (even past the point of habituation), and an inability to find strongly arousing pornography may underlie participants’ perceived compulsion to engage in this behavior. As Dave described:
Na tatau ona ou toe faʻasolo, pei mai le tasi [ata / ata vitio] i le isi, aua o le taimi lava na amata ai ona ou matamata tasi, ona ou maua loa lea le fiafia ma ua tatau ona ou alu i le isi. Ma o le auala lena sa i ai. Ma na suia ai loʻu olaga.
Behav Sci Law. 2020 Feb 13. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2450.
Knack N1, Holmes D2, Fedoroff JP1,3.
lē faʻatino
The staggering rate at which incidents of child pornography (CP) are increasing highlights the need for proactive approaches to this problem. Improving the efficacy and accessibility of interventions designed for individuals who view CP provides one means of addressing this growing concern. This article explores the self-identified motivations underlying the onset and maintenance of viewing Internet-based CP among a sample of 20 men receiving treatment for this behavior. Our findings suggest two primary motivational pathways, namely a desire to achieve sexual gratification and/or an attempt to avoid emotional pain. We propose a behavioral facilitation process, initiated by extensive exposure to Internet pornography, to explain the use of CP in men without a sexual interest in children. We also discuss factors that appeared to facilitate the maintenance of this behavior. Our findings indicate that social skills deficits, maladaptive coping strategies, and a lack of sexual education require further investigation regarding their role in promoting or precluding desistance from viewing CP.
PMID: 32056275
FAIA: 10.1002/bsl.2450
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