lē faʻatino
Faʻamatalaga ma sini
Faʻaletonu amioga faʻafeusuaiga faʻaletonu (CSBD) o loʻo atagia mai i le faifai pea le mafai ona faʻatonutonu tuʻinanau, faʻamalosia, ma / poʻo mafaufauga, e mafua ai le toe faia amioga feusuaʻi e mafua ai se faʻaletonu leaga i vaega taua o le faʻagaioiga. E ui lava i lona lata mai aofia ai i le lumanaʻi ICD-11, popolega e uiga i lona iloiloga, faʻamaoniga, faʻateleina poʻo faʻataʻitaʻi uiga tumau. O le mafuaʻaga o lenei suʻesuʻega o le faʻailoa lea o tagata auai o loʻo faʻaalia le CSBD e ala ile tusiga o faʻamaumauga tusitusia ile lua tutoʻatasi faʻataʻitaʻiga ma faʻavasega a latou sosaiete, feusuaiga, ma faʻamatalaga faʻafomaʻi.
Metotia
Faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 aofia ai 1,581 iunivesite tamaiti aʻoga (fafine = 56.9%; Mtausaga = 20.58) ae o le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 aofia ai 1,318 tagata o le afioʻaga (fafine = 43.6%; Mtausaga = 32.37). Muamua, na matou atiaʻe se lisi tuʻufaʻatasia fou e iloilo ai le tulaga atoa o faʻailoga CSBD faʻavae i luga o tolu fua faʻamaonia muamua. Faʻavae i luga o lenei fou tuʻufaʻatasiga faʻasino igoa, matou mulimuli ane faʻailoaina tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma CSBD e ala i se kulupu suʻesuʻe auala.
i'uga
O le fuafuaina o le CSBD o le 10.12% i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 ma le 7.81% i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2. O tagata na aʻafia ma le CSBD o le tele o aliʻi heterosexual, e laʻititi nai lo le au faʻataʻitaʻi e aunoa ma le CSBD, na lipotia le maualuga o tulaga o lagona feusuaʻi sailiga ma le erotophilia, o se faʻateleina o le tuʻufaʻatasiga aemaise i luga o le upega tafaʻilagi. , sili atu faʻafitauli ma atuatuvale faʻailoga, ma le mativa ia te oe lava.
faaiuga
Lenei suʻesuʻega maua atili faʻamaoniga i le tulaʻi mai o le CSBD faʻavae i luga o se isi faʻamatalaga-tulia auala, faʻapea foi ma se auiliiliga ma nuanced faʻamatalaga o le sociodemographic, feusuaiga, ma falemaʻi talaaga o tagata matutua ma lenei tulaga. O aʻafiaga o togafitiga na maua mai i nei sailiga ua talanoaina auiliili.
faʻatomuaga
Faʻamalosia Feusuaiga Faʻaletonu Lelei (CSBD), e lauiloa foi o le "faʻafeusuaiga faʻasoesa", "feusuaʻiga le atoatoa (HD)", poʻo "faʻafitauli faʻafeusuaiga amioga", ua aofia i le 11th toe iloiloga o le Faʻavasegaina Faʻavaomalo o Faʻamaʻi (ICD-11) e le Faalapotopotoga o le Soifua Maloloina a le Lalolagi (2018). O se auala faʻaleoleo na faia, ma CSBD na amanaʻia o se faʻatonutonu-faʻatonutonu le faʻamaʻi (Kraus et al., 2018). I le tulaga o le falemaʻi, o le CSBD e iloga mai i le faʻaauau pea ona le taofiofia le ogaoga ma faifai pea o lagona faʻaosofia, feusuaiga, ma / poʻo mafaufauga, e mafua ai le toe faia amioga feusuaʻi e mafua ai se faʻaletonu tulaga leaga i vaega taua o le faʻagaioiga (Kraus et al., 2018). O lenei le faʻatonutonuina faʻataʻitaʻiga o amioga tau feusuaʻiga e mafua ai ona auai i le tele ma le le fiafia i gaioiga, e aofia ai le tele o ponokalafi taumafaina e masani ona oʻo ma le malosi o le taʻalo ("ponokalafi faʻatamaʻia") (Wordecha et al., 2018), feusuaiga faʻasamasamanoa ma le tele o paʻaga, soʻotaga tele i totogi feusuaʻiga tautua, pe faʻamalosia feusuaʻiga i totonu o se mausali sootaga (Derbyshire & Grant, 2015; Kafka, 2010; Karila et al., 2014; Reid, Kamuta, & Lloyd, 2009, Reid et al., 2012). O nei amioga faʻaalia ai se taua tele le tagata lava ia ma le mafaufau faʻanoanoa (Reid et al., 2009), faʻapea foʻi ma faʻafitauli i vaega eseese o le olaga i aso uma (McBride, Reece, & Sanders, 2008). O lona iʻuga, e manaʻomia e tagata taʻitoʻatasi tauivi ma le CSBD fesoasoani faʻapitoa (togafitiga o le mafaufau ma / poʻo le mafaufau) e maua ai le faʻatonutonu o latou lagona, mafaufauga, ma amioga, faʻapea foi ma le toe maua mai o latou uiga feusuaʻi ma le lautele o le olaga (Derbyshire & Grant, 2015; Gola & Potenza, 2016; Matau, Reid, Penberthy, Davis, & Jennings, 2014). E ui lava e leai se tele epidemiological suʻesuʻega na faia, ua fuafuaina o le CSBD aafia 1-6% o tagata matutua faitau aofaʻi (Bőthe et al., 2019; Klein, Rettenberger, & Briken, 2014; Kuzma & Black, 2008), ma aliʻi aofia ai ma le 80% o tagata mamaʻi o loʻo sailia togafitiga (Kaplan & Krueger, 2010). O le faʻamoemoe o lenei suʻesuʻega o le faʻailoa lea o tagata o loʻo faʻaalia le CSBD e ala ile tusiga o faʻamaumauga tusitusia ile lua tutoʻatasi faʻataʻitaʻiga, faʻapea foi ma le faʻavasegaina o latou sosaiete, feusuaiga, ma faʻamatalaga faʻafomaʻi.
CSBD diagnostic framework ma faʻavae
Tusa lava pe ua faʻaofia le CSBD i le ICD-11, ae o loʻo iloiloina pea le faʻavasega lelei ma faʻataʻitaʻiga mo lenei tulaga falemaʻi (Kraus et al., 2018; Walton, Cantor, Bhullar, & Lykins, 2017). E uiga i le taimi nei nosological tulaga, o le anoanoai o tulaga talitonuga e uiga i le auala e tatau ai ona faʻavasegaina le CSBD ua fautuaina ma o lenei falemaʻi tulaga na faʻataʻitaʻia o se maʻi faʻafitauli (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017), faʻafitauli tau feusuaiga (Kafka, 2010; Walton et al., 2017), o se faʻatonutonu pipisi faʻaletonu (Reid, Berlin, & Kingston, 2015), pe leai foi manatu o se faʻaletonu uma (Moser, 2013). O metotia faʻavae uma e faʻatulagaina eseese tulaga mo le suʻesuʻeina o lenei tulaga, atili faʻamamafaina le vevesi faʻavae ma faʻalavelaveina le faʻailoaina o se tulaga faʻapitoa o tagata mamaʻi o loʻo faʻaalia auga o lenei tulaga falemaʻi (Karila et al., 2014; Wéry & Billieux, 2017).
Faʻamatalaga o loʻo i ai nei e maua mai suʻesuʻega i le faitau aofaʻi o tagata o loʻo fautua mai ai, e faʻamalieina e le CSBD le tele o vaega taua ua fuafuaina mo le faʻauigaina o amioga o amioga ua fai ma vaisu (Billieux et al., 2017; Kardefelt-Winther et al., 2017): (a) tele taimi / taumafaiga faʻaalu i amioga faʻafeusuaiga; (b) le lelei amio pulea; (c) ua le mafai ona faʻataunuʻuina le aiga, agafesoʻotaʻi, poʻo galuega; ma (d) finafinau i amioga tau feusuaiga e ui lava i lona iʻuga. O nei taʻiala e o gatasi ma mea na fuafuaina mo le faʻaofiina o le CSBD i le ICD-11 (Faalapotopotoga o le Soifua Maloloina a le Lalolagi, 2018) faʻatasi ai ma nisi o faʻavae ua fuafuaina e KIFKA (2010) mo le aloaʻia o le Hypersexual Disorder (HD) i le DSM-5. E le gata i lea, o le talosaga a Kafka na aofia ai se taua taua e le mafaufauina e le ICD-11: ie, faifai pea le faia o feusuaiga, manaʻoga, poʻo amioga e tali atu ai i lagona o le mafaufau o le mafaufau (eg, popolevale poʻo le faʻanoanoa) poʻo le tali atu i le faigata olaga tutupu (galuega faʻafitauli, faʻanoanoaga, ma isi). Eseese suʻesuʻega e lagolagoina le talafeagai o le faʻaaogaina o itupa e pei o se sese lelei auala e faʻatatau i le tauia o le le lelei aʻafiaga afaina poʻo faigata olaga tutupu i tagata ma CSBD (Reid, Kamuta, Spackman, & Willes, 2008; Schultz, Hook, Davis, Penberthy, & Reid, 2014).
E le gata i lea, o loʻo i ai isi faʻailoga e leʻo tuʻufaʻatasia faʻapea foi i le DSM-5 poʻo le ICD-11 ae e talafeagai i le faʻaalia o le CSBD: ie, o le mafaufau muamua i feusuaiga, malamalama lelei, ma faʻafitauli tau feusuaʻiga manatu ia te ia lava. O nei faʻailoga e aofia ai faʻaaliga masani masani a le CSBD. Faʻataʻitaʻiga e pei o le "vaega o mea ua fai ma vaisu" (Griffiths, 2005) poʻo talu ai nei fesoʻotaʻiga auiliiliga ua faʻamalamalamaina le taua matafaioi o le mafaufau faʻailoga i cybersex vaisu (Baggio et al., 2018) poʻo le HD (Werner, Štulhofer, Waldorp, & Jurin, 2018). Pei ona faʻamatalaina e Griffiths (2005, i. 193), salience faatatau i "pe a fai o le gaioiga faʻapitoa [feusuaiga] avea ma sili ona taua gaioiga i le tagata olaga ma puleaina o latou mafaufauga (preoccupations ma le mafaufau faʻasese), lagona (manaʻoga) ma amioga (faʻaleagaina o aga fesoʻotaʻi amioga)". E faʻapena foi, eseʻese suʻesuʻega faʻamamafaina le taua tele o faʻafitauli tau feusuaʻi manatu ia oe lava i le faʻailoaina o tagata mamaʻi faʻaalia CSBD (Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, & Reid, 2019c).
Auala taua ile faʻailoaina ma faʻavasegaina o tagata e iai le CSBD
Fomaʻi ma tagata suʻesuʻe tatau ona matua faʻaeteete pe a suʻesuʻe le CSBD (Humphreys, 2018). O se tasi o mataupu e faʻalavelave i le faʻatuatuaina o le tele o suʻesuʻega i le fanua, o le auala e faʻailoa ai ma faʻavasega tagata suʻesuʻe ma CSBD. Eseʻese taiala ua faʻaaogaina e faʻailoa ai lenei faʻamoemoe. Nisi o suʻesuʻega ua faʻailoa mai tagata taʻitasi ma le CSBD faʻavae i luga o a latou togi i luga o eseese lava lipoti lipoti o latou lava (Parsons, Grov, & Golub, 2012). Ae paga lea, o le toʻatele o fua faʻataʻitaʻi a le CSBD e le maua ni togi maufaʻatuatuaina e maua mai i faʻataʻitaʻi falemaʻi (Miner, Raymond, Coleman, & Swinburne Romine, 2017), o laʻasaga fuafuaina e masani ona faʻatulafonoina ma / pe faʻavae i fuainumera (e le o falemaʻi) taʻiala. O le suʻesuʻega na faia e Bőle et al. (2019) aofia ai se faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga: ina ua maeʻa suʻesuʻeina psychometric meatotino o le Hypersexual behaviour Inventory i se tele tele nonclinical faʻataʻitaʻiga, nei tusitala na le mafai ona mauaina se maʻaleʻale ma maʻoti faʻailoga oti mo le faʻamaoniga o le CSBD. E le gata i lea, o le mautinoa o le taua mo le tipi masani na faʻaaoga mo le suʻesuʻeina o feusuaʻiga (mata masani> 53) o le 14% (o lona uiga i le au auai togi i luga 53 i le HBI, na o le 14% moni na agavaa mo lenei faʻamaoniga). O le mea lea, na latou fautuaina le faʻaaogaina o isi faʻailoilo ma fuataga mo le suʻesuʻega o lenei tulaga.
E le gata i lea, o isi tagata suʻesuʻe ua latou manatu ia latou lava faʻailogaina o iai ni faʻafitauli e taofiofia ai amioga faʻafeusuaiga (Smith et al., 2014) pe sailia togafitiga mo CSBD (Scanavino et al., 2013) o faʻatuatuaina faʻailoilo o le CSBD. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, talu ai nei Grubbs et al. (Grubbs, Grant, & Engelman, 2019a; Grubbs, Kraus, & Perry, 2019b) faʻatautaia ni suʻesuʻega se lua e faʻatatau ai faʻafitauli tau ponokalafi i ni mea se tasi e pei o le "Ua fai ma aʻu vaisu ponokalafi"Po o le"O le a ou taʻua aʻu lava o se inisinia i luga o le Initaneti”. Ae ui i lea, o nisi tagata faʻalauiloaina latou lava o loʻo i ai ni faʻafitauli CSBD atonu e le mafai ona faʻaalia ni uiga faʻalemafaufau poʻo le ogaoga o lenei faʻamaʻi, ae naʻo amioga le fiafia ia latou lava amioga faʻafeusuaiga (Grubbs, Perry, et al., 2019c; Grubbs, Wilt, Exline, Pargament, & Kraus, 2018; Kraus & Sweeney, 2019).
I le iuga, o isi suʻesuʻega na faʻaalia ai tagata auai o le CSBD e ala i faʻatulagaina pe faʻatulagaina faʻatalanoaga falemaʻi (Reid et al., 2012). Tusa lava pe a fai o lenei auala e manatu o se "tulafono faʻaauro" pe a iloiloina le i ai ma le ogaoga o le CSBD (Matau, matau, Davis, Worthington, & Penberthy, 2010; Womack, Hook, Ramos, Davis, & Penberthy, 2013), o le lelei o lenei iloiloga e masani ona faʻamoemoe i luga o faʻapitoa faʻapitoa taiala taiala lenei semi-faʻatulagaina faʻatalanoaga. E le gata i lea, o suʻesuʻega e ala ile faʻatulagaina ole faʻatalanoaga ile falemaʻi e umi se taimi, o lona uiga o le faʻaogaina o lenei faiga i suʻesuʻega (ie, o suʻesuʻega e aofia ai le tele o faʻataʻitaʻiga) e masani ona faʻatapulaʻaina.
I le leai o se sao faʻamaoniga faʻavae mo CSBD (Kraus & Sweeney, 2019), o seisi auala e faʻailoa ai tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le CSBD e ala i faʻamaumauga-tulia auala (eg, faʻavasega auʻiliʻiliga). O lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga e faʻapitoa lava ona fautuaina i suʻesuʻega, pe a faʻapea o se aofaʻi tele o tagata e tatau ona iloiloina i se taimi faʻatapulaʻaina ma faʻavasegaga e faʻamalosia ai pe le faia ai ni amioga faʻasolosolo. O se suesuega talu ai nei na Efrati & Gola (2018b) faʻamalieina faʻailoaina talavou i CSBD (12 ma le 14% o lua tutoʻatasi faʻataʻitaʻiga) e ala i se faʻamaumauga-tulia auala (Latent Profile Analisis, LPA). Totonu ma fafo atu o le aoga o lenei faiga faʻavae na faʻaalia e ala i le suʻesuʻeina o le psychosexual profile o talavou i le CSBD cluster (faʻailoaina e se nofoaga i fafo o le faʻatonutonu, popolega faʻapipiʻi, sili atu le tuʻulafoaʻi, maualuga taimi o ponokalafi faʻaoga, ma sili atu i luga o le initaneti gaioiga gaioiga). Faapea foi, Bőle et al. (2019) faailoa tagata matutua ma maualuga lamatiaga ogaoga feusuaʻiga (latalata i le 1% o le faʻataʻitaʻiga) faʻaaogaina LPA. O le mea lea, i le leai o se talafeagai faʻailoga faʻapitoa faʻapea foi ma puʻupuʻu ma leo siaki mea faigaluega (Montgomery-Graham, 2017), faʻamaumauga-tulia auala aofia ai se faʻatuatuaina metotia e suʻesuʻe ai le CSBD i suʻesuʻega siʻosiʻomaga aofia ai tele faʻataʻitaʻiga.
Le suʻesuʻega nei
O le mafuaʻaga o lenei suʻesuʻega o le suʻesuʻeina o le mea na tupu ma agafesoʻotaʻi, feusuaiga, ma faʻafomaʻi uiga o le CSBD i lua tutoʻatasi nofoaga faʻapitoa. Peitaʻi, na matou faʻataʻitaʻia ni lua tapulaʻa o suʻesuʻega na muamua atu aʻo leʻi talanoaina lenei sini: (1) le leai o ni meafaigaluega suʻesuʻe faʻapitoa mo le iloiloina atoa o faʻailoga o le mafaufau, amioga, ma lagona o le CSBD ma le (2) o le maualalo o le sao o auala eseese e masani ona faʻaaogaina. i suʻesuʻega talaʻiga e faʻailoa ai CSBD tagata mamaʻi. O le mea lea, na matou mulimuli i le tolu-sitepu faʻagasologa e faʻatatau ai le suʻesuʻega faʻamoemoe.
Muamua, na matou atiaʻe se lisi tuʻufaʻatasia fou e iloilo ai le tulaga atoa o faʻailoga a le CSBD. O lenei faʻasino faʻamoemoe na faalagolago i luga o le tolu fua faʻamaonia muamua mo le iloiloga o le CSBD: o le Hypersexual Behaviour Inventory (HBI, Reid, Garos, & Kamuta, 2011b), le Faʻataʻitaʻiga Faʻamalosi Feusuaiga Fua (SCS, Kalichman & Rompa, 1995), ma le Suʻega Suʻesuʻega o Vaisu i Feusuaiga (SAST, Carnes, 1983). Tutoʻatasi, o nei faiga e foliga mai e matua vaiti lava i le iloiloga o le CSBD, e le aofia ai le lautele o ituaiga o faʻailoga e tatau ona suʻesuʻeina e iloiloina lelei ai lenei tulaga falemaʻi (Womack et al., 2013); peitaʻi, o nei fua uma o loʻo ofaina se auiliiliga auiliiliina o faʻamaoniga o le CSBD ma le ogaoga. Ina ia feagai ma le faʻafitauli o le faʻaaogaina tutasi o nei fua, na matou faia se iloiloga auiliili o a latou mataupu, fesoʻotaʻi a latou aitema ma eseʻese faʻailoga a le CSBD ma fausiaina se tulaga tuʻufaʻatasia iloiloga tulaga nei: (a) leiloa faʻatonutonu, (b) faʻatamala, ( c) le mafai ona taofi, (d) faʻaauau faʻauiga e ui lava i le faʻalavelave, (e) faʻafetauia, ma (f) Faʻamaonia, malamalama, ma ia lava ia iloa feusuaʻiga faʻafitauli (mo se auiliiliga faʻamatalaga o faʻailoga uma, vaʻai Laulau A1 i le faʻaopoopoga). O faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻatulagaina mo le faʻafesoʻotaʻia o fua o mea ma faʻailoga taʻitasi o le ICD-11 CSBD aiaiga (Faalapotopotoga o le Soifua Maloloina a le Lalolagi, 2018), le DSM-5 talosaga mo le faʻamaoniga o feusuaʻiga (Kafka, 2010), ma le vaega o mea ua fai ma vaisu (Griffiths, 2005). O le faiga sa tutusa ma lena mulimuli ane Womack ma isi. (2013) i le latou iloiloga o feusuaʻiga fua: lua tutoatasi coders fesoʻotaʻi aitema taʻitasi ma le diagnostic criterion, ma le lona tolu tutoʻatasi coder foʻia ni feeseeseaiga. Mo le manino o mea, o aitema iloiloina sili atu ma le tasi le faʻailoga a le CSBD pe le o manino le iloiloina o se faʻailoga na aveʻesea mai le fou tuʻufaʻatasi index.
Faʻavae luga o lenei tuʻufaʻatasiga faasino igoa, matou mulimuli ane faʻailoaina tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma CSBD e ala i se faʻavasega auʻiliʻiliga auala. Cluster analysis let tocover homogeneous kulupu o tagata taʻitoʻatasi e tusa ma le tele ma le faʻataʻitaʻiga o togi i faʻailoga eseese, ma ua faʻateleina faʻaaogaina mo le faʻailoaina o tagata e eseʻese faʻafitauli tau le mafaufau (pei o le faʻafitauli o le faʻaaogaina o telefoni feaveaʻi polokalama [Rochat, Bianchi-Demicheli, Aboujaoude, & Khazaal, 2019] poʻo le tele na te faʻaalu i videogames [Musetti et al., 2019]). E ala i lenei metotia, na matou faʻavasegaina 2,899 tagata auai na maua mai lua tutoʻatasi faʻataʻitaʻiga i ni fuifui se lua (e le o CSBD ma CSBD tagata auai). Mafaufau i le muamua natura o le fuafuaina CSBD taʻiala ma le le mautinoa atinaʻe o cutoff togi, lenei faʻamaumauga-tulia auala faʻaalia lelei i le faʻailoaina o lenei falemaʻi faitau aofaʻi tagata, pei o le aloese mai le faʻaaogaina o faʻapitoa cutoff togi poʻo le faʻamoemoeina ia oe lava manatu o faʻafitauli tau feusuaiga. E le gata i lea, o le kulupu suʻesuʻega e aoga mo le malamalamaʻaga i le vavaega o faʻatinoga, nai lo le feʻeseʻeseaʻiga o tagata (e pei o le tulaga o fesuiaʻi-faʻatatau auala)Bergman & Magnusson, 1997). I le iuga, faʻatusatusa i sili atu faigata faʻamaumauga-tulia auala e manaʻomia ai le faʻaaogaina o alualu i luma fuainumera polokalama mo latou fuafuaina (eg, LPA), faʻavasega auʻiliʻiliga mafai ona faigofie faʻaoga e ala i polokalama lauiloa (eg, SPSS), ma le maualuga tikeri o fesiliaʻi i le va o le iʻuga o taualumaga faʻafuainumera uma (DiStefano & Kamphaus, 2006; Eshghi, Haughton, Legrand, Skaletsky, & Woolford, 2011).
I le iuga, matou faʻafaigaluegaina fuifui na maua mai i sailiga muamua e suʻesuʻe ai le mea na tupu ma uiga o tagata auai agavaʻa faʻamalosia mai feusuaiga. Eseese faʻailoga a priori na faʻataʻitaʻia. Aua o molimau o loʻo iai nei o loʻo faʻailoa mai ai o le taʻatele o le CSBD e amata mai le 1 ma le 6% (Bőthe et al., 2019; Walton et al., 2017), na faʻapea o le tupu mai o le CSBD i a matou faʻataʻitaʻiga o le a paʻu atu i lenei tulaga, ma aliʻi e aofia ai le tele o vaega (-80%) o tagata auai i lenei kulupu. Ae mo amioga i fafo atu ma le initoneti i amioga feusuaʻi, matou te faʻamoemoe e maua se sili atu taimi, tele, ma le ogaoga o amioga tau feusuaʻiga i le va o tagata CSBD (Klein et al., 2014; Odlaug et al., 2013; Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2010). Faʻafesoʻotaʻi i lenei faʻateleina feusuaʻiga, matou te manatu o le a auai le CSBD o le a togi maualuga i amioga tau feusuaʻiga e pei o feusuaiga manaʻoga sailia (Kalichman & Rompa, 1995; Klein et al., 2014) poʻo le erotophilia (Rettenberger, Klein, & Briken, 2015). I le iuga, i le tulaga e masani ona faʻaaoga e tagata gasegase CSBD feusuaʻiga o se metotia faʻafetauia, na matou faʻapeaina foʻi o togi i una o loʻo iloiloina le faʻanoanoaga (Schultz et al., 2014), popole (Carvalho, Guerra, Neves, & Nobre, 2014; Reid, Bramen, Anderson, & Cohen, 2014; Voon et al., 2014), ma le talitonuina o oe lava (Chaney & Burns, 2015; Reid, Kamuta, Gilliland, & Karim, 2011a) o le a faʻateleina i le au auai a le CSBD.
Metotia
Tagata auai ma taualumaga
O tagata na aʻafia i lenei suʻesuʻega na suʻesuʻeina mai i suʻesuʻega tutoatasi e lua i le CSBD. Faʻamatalaga mauaina mo le muamua faʻataʻitaʻiga na faia i le va o le 2012 ma le 2015. I lenei vaitau, na matou faʻaaogaina se kolosiʻesega, auala vaʻavaʻai suʻesuʻe metotia e aoina faʻamaumauga luga o le tele faigofie faʻataʻitaʻiga o Sipaniolo kolisi tamaiti aʻoga. Ae maise lava, o le suʻesuʻega 'au na setiina se laulau faʻamatalaga i le faitotoʻa autu o' eseʻese tulaga aʻoaʻoga maualuluga ma se sui o le 'au malosi faʻalatalata atu i tagata ono ono auai. Tamaiti aʻoga na talosagaina e galulue faʻatasi ma se suʻesuʻega i amioga tau feusuaiga. O i latou na taliaina, faʻamaeʻaina se tagata taʻitoʻatasi i totonu o le ofisa iloiloga lea o se poto masani faʻapitoa psychologist faʻatautaia eseese lava-lipoti. O le averesi taimi e faʻamaeʻa ai le suʻesuʻega e lata ile 1 itula ma le 45 minute ma tagata na mauaina le 10 € o se taui mo lo latou auai.
O le mauaina o faʻamatalaga mo le faʻataʻitaʻiga lona lua sa faʻatautaia i le va o le 2016 ma le 2018. O le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le faʻamoemoeina o le iloiloina o le CSBD i se vaega tele o tagata o le nuʻu e tautala i le gagana Sipaniolo. O le suʻesuʻega na faia i luga ole laiga e ala ile saogalemu luga o le upega tafailagi e faʻamoemoe e tuʻuina atu faʻamatalaga ma iloiloga e uiga ile CSBD (https://adiccionalsexo.uji.es/). Tagata na auai na lesitalaina faʻaaogaina se tuʻufaʻatasia o gaioiga ma gaioiga faʻavaitaimi. Galue faʻatosina aofia: (1) imeli pa mai ala 'eseʻese' lisi tautua (iunivesite, faʻalapotopotoga, ma isi); (2) faʻasalalauina o le suʻesuʻega i luga o leitio ma nusipepa 'upega tafaʻilagi; (3) lafoina fuʻa i luga o le Facebook e ala i le «fautuaina lomiga» maketiina tautua ma; (4) lafoina pepa faʻasalalau o loimata-i nofoaga maualuluga (nofoaga faʻatau, supamaketi, ma isi). O le suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻe na mafai foi ona maua e ala i soʻo se afi suʻesuʻe e ala i le faʻaaogaina o faʻaupuga e pei o "faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga" ma / poʻo "feusuaʻiga faʻavasega iloiloga" (i Sipaniolo) (pasia faʻafaigaluegaina). Ile taimi na avanoa ai le suʻesuʻega, e 3,025 sui na mauaina le suʻesuʻega. O faʻamatalaga muamua na maua mai luga ole laiga i luga ole laiga na vaʻaia e aloese ai mai faʻalua, le ogatasi, ma / poʻo ni tali le saʻo (eg, tagata o loʻo lipotia> 100 tausaga le matutua). Talu ai o se tasi o fua a le CSBD na matou faʻaaogaina mo tagata auai o faʻaputuputu (le Hypersexual Behaviour Inventory, HBI) na tuʻuina i le iʻuga o le suʻesuʻega i luga o le upega tafailagi, naʻo i latou na auai na faʻamaeʻaina le 100% o le suʻesuʻega na aofia i le suʻesuʻega. Ina ua maeʻa le aveʻesea, o le aofaʻi o 1,318 o tagata na auai na aofia i le seti mulimuli. O le averesi taimi e faʻamaeʻa ai le suʻesuʻega o le 27.82 minute (SD = 13.83) ma tagata auai e leʻi mauaina se taui mo le auai.
Ma le iʻuga, o le aofaʻi o 2,899 mai lua tutoʻatasi faʻataʻitaʻiga auai i le suʻesuʻega. O le muamua seti aofia ai se faʻafaigofieina faʻataʻitaʻiga o 1,581 Sipaniolo tamaiti aʻoga iunivesite (56.9% fafine) amata i le va o 18 ma 27 tausaga le matutua (M = 20.58; SD = 2.17). O le seti lona lua na aofia ai le sili atu ona eseese o faʻataʻitaʻiga o le 1,318 tagata o le afioʻaga (43.6% fafine) mai le 18 i le 75 tausaga le matutua (M = 32.37; SD = 13.42). Laulau 1 faʻaalia ai uiga o tagata auai i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e lua.
| Faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 (n = 1,581) % pe M (SD) | Faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 (n = 1,318) % pe M (SD) | Faʻamaumauga taua | Fua faʻatatau | |
| Itupa (alii) | 43.1% | 56.4% | χ2 = 51.23 *** | V = 0.13 |
| Itupa (fafine) | 56.9% | 43.6% | ||
| tausaga | 20.58 (2.17) | 34.11 (16.74) | T = -7.68 *** | d = 1.13 |
| Paʻaga tumau (ioe) | 52.3% | 69.6% | χ2 = 93.18 *** | V = 0.18 |
| Talitonuga faalelotu (tagata le talitonu i le Atua) | 54.7% | 68.5% | χ2 = 73.00 *** | V = 0.16 |
| Talitonuga faalelotu (faʻataʻitaʻia le tagata talitonu) | 38.7% | 24.9% | ||
| Talitonuga faalelotu (tagata le talitonu) | 6% | 6.7% | ||
| Tulaga feusuaʻi (heterosexual) | 92.0% | 73.7% | χ2 = 185.54 *** | V = 0.31 |
| Tulaga feusuaʻi (bisexual) | 3.3% | 13.7% | ||
| Tulaga feusuaʻi (tauatane) | 4.5% | 12.6% |
tusi. ***P <0.001
Fua
Tagata e auai
Na fesiligia tagata na auai e lipoti le latou itupa, tausaga, pe ua latou faamau pe leai foi i se sootaga mautu, feusuaiga, ma talitonuga faalelotu.
CSBD faʻailoga ma faʻailoga
O faʻailoga ma faʻailoga CSBD na iloiloina e ala ile faʻasologa Sipaniolo o fua e tolu: o le Hypersexual Behaviour Inventory (HBI, Ballester-Arnal, Castro-Calvo, Gil-Julià, Giménez-García, & Gil-Llario, 2019; Reid, Garos, et al., 2011b), le Faʻataʻitaʻiga Faʻamalosi Feusuaiga Fua (SCS, Ballester-Arnal, Gómez-Martínez, Gil-Llario, & Salmerón-Sánchez, 2013; Kalichman & Rompa, 1995), ma le Suʻega Suʻesuʻega o Vaisu i Feusuaiga (SAST, Castro-Calvo, Ballester-Arnal, Billieux, Gil-Juliá, & Gil-Llario, 2018; Carnes, 1983). O le HBI o se fuafaatatau e 19 e fuafua e fua ai vaega taua e tolu o feusuaʻiga: o lona uiga o le faʻaaoga o itupa e tali atu ai i lagona o le mafaufau o le mafaufau, o faʻafitauli i le puleaina poʻo le faʻaititia o mafaufauga feusuaiga, faʻamalosiau, ma amioga, ma le finafinau e ui lava i le leaga o latou aʻafiaga. O le SCS o le 10-aitema fua e iloilo faʻamalieina ma faʻamalosi mafaufauga feusuaʻiga ma fafo atu-o-pulea amioga faʻafeusuaiga. I le iuga, o le SAST o le 25-aitema fua fuafuaina e vailiili mo le i ai o eseʻese amioga faʻafeusuaiga ma faʻailoga (faʻataʻitaʻiga, feusuaiga faʻamalosi, faʻaletonu puleaina amioga feusuaʻi, poʻo faʻafitauli mafua mai amioga tau feusuaiga).
O le tuʻufaʻatasiga o faʻailoga o le CSBD faʻailoga na atiaʻe faʻapitoa mo lenei suʻesuʻega aofia ai se filifiliga o aitema mai nei fua e tolu (vaʻai Laulau A1 i le faʻaopoopoga). O le SCS ma le HBI o loʻo faʻatulagaina i luga ole fua ole Likert e 4 ma le 5, ae o le SAST e taua ile fua faʻataʻitaʻi. Ina ia mautinoa o fua e faʻasoa se tutusa metric, mata togi na z-suia. Faʻatuatuaina mo lenei tuʻufaʻatasi lisi ua lipotia mai i le iʻuga vaega.
Faʻamatalaga faʻafeusuaiga: I luga o le laiga amioga feusuaʻi
O tagata na auai i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e toʻatasi na lipotia le averesi o taimi na latou faʻaaluina i le vaiaso i gaioiga i feusuaiga i luga o le initaneti (i minute) ma maeʻa le Sipaniolo faʻamatalaga o le Suʻesuʻega o Suʻega i luga o le Initaneti (ISST, Ballester-Arnal, Gil-Llario, Gómez-Martínez, & Gil-Julià, 2010; Delmonico, Miller, & Miller, 2003). O le ISST iloiloina le tikeri o le tagata i luga o le initaneti amioga faʻafeusuaiga e pe leai faʻafitauli. Luasefulu-lima aitema i luga o le fua dichotomous (0 = Sese; 1 = moni lava) aumai le aofaʻi togi mai le 0 i le 25. Ballester-Arnal et al. (2010) lipotia lelei totonu tumau (α = 0.88) ma faʻataʻitaʻi le toe faʻataʻitaʻiga (r = 0.82) i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o tamaiti aʻoga kolisi. I le matou suʻesuʻega, o le tumau i totonu sa talafeagai (α = 0.83 faʻataʻitaʻiga 1; α = 0.82 faʻataʻitaʻiga 2).
I se faʻaopopoga, o tagata na auai i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 na taliina fesili e lua i le manatu o le tagata ia te ia lava i le ogaoga o manatu: (1) Sa e popole ea e uiga i lau 'initaneti faʻaogaina? (ioe / leai) ma le (2) E te manatu e te faʻaaluina le tele o taimi nai lo le fautuaina lugalaina mo feusuaʻiga? (ioe / leai).
Faʻamatalaga tau feusuaʻiga: Le faia feusuaʻiga i fafo
Tagata na auai i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e lua faʻamaeʻaina le tele o fesili fesili iloiloina vaega taua o a latou amioga faʻafeusuaiga, pei o: (1) pe na latou faia pe leai i feusuaʻiga ma se isi itupa poʻo se itupa tutusa (ioe / leai); (2) soifuaga atoa o paʻaga feusuaiga (naʻo le fesiligia i tagata auai i le seti 1); (3) taimi masani o feusuaiga; ma le (4) pe a fai na latou faia ni amioga faʻafeusuaiga eseese (e pei o le taaloalo i totogasā, feusuaʻiga, feusuaʻiga, ma le itupa o le paʻu) (ioe / leai).
Uiga feusuaʻiga
Tagata na auai i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e lua ua maeʻa le fetuunaiga Sipaniolo o le Feusuaiga Sailia Sailia Fua (SSSS, Ballester-Arnal, Ruiz-Palomino, Espada, Morell-Mengual, & Gil-Llario, 2018; Kalichman & Rompa, 1995), o le 11-mea fua fuaina i luga o le 4-togi Likert fua (1 = Leai e pei o aʻu; 4 = E pei lava o aʻu) e iloiloina "le faʻatauaina e mauaina sili maualuga tulaga o feusuaiga fiafia ma ia auai i tala fou feusuaʻiga" (Kalichman et al., 1994, i. 387). Totonu i totonu mo lenei fua o le .82 i lana fetuunaiga Sipaniolo. I le matou suʻesuʻega, o le Cronbach's alpha aoga o .83 i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 ma .82 i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2.
Ma le isi, sui auai i le faʻataʻitaʻiga muamua maeʻa le Sipaniolo faʻamatalaga o Feusuaiga Opinion Survey (SOS, Del Rio-Olvera, López-Vega, & Santamaría, 2013), o le 20-item scale iloiloina o le erotophobia-erotophilia (ie, o le uiga e tali atu i faʻailoga tau feusuaʻiga i se itu le lelei-lelei o le aʻafiaga ma le iloiloga). O aitema na faʻamauina i luga o le 7-point response format (1 = Malilie malosi; 7 = E matua le ioeina). Totonu i totonu mo lenei fua o le .85 i lana fetuunaiga Sipaniolo. I le matou suʻesuʻega, o le Cronbach's alpha aoga o .83.
Talaʻaga faʻafomaʻi
I le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1, o le taimi nei o iai ma le ogaoga o le faʻanoanoa ma le popolevale faʻailoga na iloiloina e ala i le Sipaniolo lomiga o le Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, Beck, Steer, & Brown, 2011) ma le setete-faʻamatalaga o le State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 2002). O le BDI-II o se tasi o fua sili ona lautele faʻaaogaina i le iloiloga o taimi nei tulaga o depressive faʻailoga, e le gata i falemaʻi ma nofoaga faʻataʻitaʻi (Wang & Gorenstein, 2013). O lenei fua o loʻo aofia ai ma le 21 aitema na faʻamauina i luga o le fua o le Likert e 4 e amata mai le 0 i le 3 (e eseese uma tali mo aitema taʻitasi). O le STAI (setete-faʻaliliuga) o se lautele faʻaaogaina, umi-tusitusia fua mo le taimi nei tulaga o le popolevale (Barnes, Harp, & Jung, 2002), lea e aofia ai 20 aitema taliina luga o le Likert fua ma le fa tali tali (0 = Malilie malosi; 3 = E matua le ioeina). I le taimi nei suʻesuʻega, Cronbach's alpha mo le BDI-II ma le STAI-Setete na .89 ma .91 faʻatulagaina.
I le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2, auai ma le ogaoga o faʻanoanoaga o loʻo i ai nei ma faʻanoanoa popolega na iloiloina e ala i le Sipaniolo faʻamatalaga o le Falemai Faʻanoanoa ma le Faʻafitauli Fua (Tejero, Guimera, Farré, & Peri, 1986). O le HADS o le 14-aitema faʻataʻitaʻiga fua na amata atiaʻe e faʻailoa ai le atuatuvale faʻalavelave ma le lotomafatia i tagata gasegase ile leai-psychiatric falemaʻi tulaga. O aitema na tali i luga o le 4-point Likert fua mai le 1 i le 4 (tali vasega eseʻese mo aitema taʻitasi). Talu mai lona atinaeina, lenei fua ua lautele faaaogaina foi foi i le iloiloga o somatic, psychiatric, ma muamua tausiga tagata mamaʻi, faapea foi ma le lautele o tagata (Bjelland, Dahl, Haug, & Neckelmann, 2002). I la matou suʻesuʻega, i totonu tutusa mo HADS-popole (α = 0.83) ma HADS-faʻanoanoaga (α = 0.77) sa talafeagai.
I le faʻaiuga, o sui auai uma i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 ma le 2 faʻamaeʻaina le faʻasologa Sipaniolo o le Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES, Martín-Albo, Núñez, Navarro, & Grijalvo, 2007), o le unidimensional 10-aitema fuaina iloilo lautele-talitonuina. Sa tali atu le au auai i le fua o le Likert e 4 togi, e amata mai i malosi le malilie i malosi malilie. I le taimi nei suʻesuʻega, Cronbach's alpha mo uma seti 1 (α = 0.89) ma le 2 sa talafeagai (α = 0.89).
Faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga
Na matou suʻesuʻeina i laasaga e fa. Muamua, faʻamatalaina auiliiliga na faia e faʻailoa ai tagata auai i le tulaga o sociodemographic faʻamaumauga faʻaaogaina le SPSS statistic package (version 25.0). Ina ia faʻatusatusa tagata auai uiga i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 ma le 2, na matou faʻatinoina t tofotofoga (faʻaauau fesuiaʻiga) ma chi-sikuea faʻataʻitaʻiga (faʻavasega vasega). Lua aafiaga tele lapisi (Cohen's d ma Cramer's V) na faʻatatauina e ala i le faʻaaogaina o le G * Mana (faʻamatalaga 3.1). Mo Cohen's d, fua faʻatatau e tusa .20 na manatu laiti, latalata ile .50 feololo ma sili atu ile .80 lapoʻa (Cohen, 1988); mo Cramer's V, o nei fua faʻatatau i tau o .10, .30 ma .50 (Ellis, 2010).
Lona lua, o le Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) sa faia e faʻataʻitaʻi ai le talafeagai o le psychometric o le matou faʻavasegaina faʻaosofia o CSBD faʻailoga. EQS polokalama (faʻamatalaga 6.2) na faʻaaogaina e faatino ai le CFA. Ona o le le masani ai tufatufaina o faʻamatalaga, ogaoga metotia fuafuaina na faʻaaogaina. O le agalelei a le CFA na suʻesuʻeina ma faʻatonuga nei: Satorra-Bentler chi-square (χ2), fesoʻotaʻiga chi-square (χ2/df), lautele faʻataʻitaʻiga taua (P), aʻa uiga sese sikuea o le latalata atu (RMSEA), faʻatusatusa ma faʻaopoopoga faʻaopoopo index (CFI ma IFI), ma le Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR). O se talafeagai talafeagai na iloiloina pe a χ2 e le taua (P > .05), χ2/df sa i le va o le 1 ma le 2, CFI ma IFI sa ≥.95, ma RMSEA ma SRMR sa was.05 (Bagozzi & Yi, 2011). E tusa ai ma le laʻitiiti tapulaʻa faʻatulagaina, taua i le va o le 2 ma le 3 mo le2/df, ≥ .90 mo CFI ma IFI, ≤ .08 mo RMSEA, ma le 10 mo le SRMR na taliaina taliaina (Hooper, Coughlan, & Mullen, 2008). Lua faʻatuatuaina faʻasino upu na fuafuaina mo CSBD faʻailoga 'subscale: Cronbach's alpha (α) ma le McDonald's Omega (ω). Le «userfriendlyscience» R afifi (Peters, 2014) na faʻaaogaina e faʻatatau ai nei faʻasino.
Lona tolu, sa matou faʻaaogaina faʻamatalaga faʻavasega metotia e faʻailoa ai vaega laiti o tagata auai ma faʻamatalaga faʻapitoa a le CSBD. O le ono CSBD faʻailoga 'subscales faʻamaonia i le taimi o le muamua auiliiliga tulaga na faʻaaogaina e faʻatatau ai le i ai o eseese CSBD talaʻaga. E pei ona fautuaina (Lauulu, Uliuli, & Babin, 2010; Henry, Tolan, & Gorman-Smith, 2005), o lenei faʻamoemoe sa talanoaina e ala i le tuʻufaʻatasia o hierarchical ma non-hierarchical clustering strategies ma faʻamaonia ai le saʻo o faʻaiʻuga o kulupu e ala i metotia eseʻese. I le laʻasaga muamua, sa faʻatautaia ai se suʻesuʻega o faʻafanua maoaʻe (metotia a Ward, fuaina o le mamao o le Euclidian) e faʻatulaga ai se fua faatatau o le aofaʻi o fualaʻau tutusa i le setete i luga o le faʻavae o le faʻaputuputuina o taimi ma le dendogram. Ma, o le sili ona lelei numera o CSBD talaʻaga ma le kulupu sui auai na fuafuaina faʻaogaina le lua-sitepu faʻavasegaga faʻavasega metotia. E lua faʻasino na faʻaaogaina e iloilo ai le lelei o le paleni fofo o loʻo fuafuaina pe a faʻatusatusa i tauvaga tauva mai le 1 i le 10 fuifui: o le Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) ma le Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). E ui lava i lona faigofie, o lenei "taʻavale-kulupu" faʻagaioiga ua faʻaalia lona sili atu nai lo isi faigata laʻasaga metotia metotia i le fuafuaina o le sili ona lelei numera o fuifui e taofia (Eshghi et al., 2011; Gelbard, Goldman, & Spiegler, 2007). Ina ia faʻamaonia le saʻo o lenei faʻavasega fuifui, na matou faʻaaogaina metotia nei: (a) na matou toe suʻesuʻeina faʻamaumauga mai le seti 1 e oʻo atu k-uiga (faʻamaninoina le aofaʻi o fuifui na maua mai faʻamalamalamaga talu ai) ma fuafuaina le faʻatasiga i le va o auala uma e lua (Fisher & Ransom, 1995); (2) na matou vaeluaina faʻasolosolo le faʻataʻitaʻiga mai le seti 1 i le lua tutusa faʻasoa, auʻiliʻili taʻitasi afa eseese ma faʻatusatusa le tali (Michaud & Proulx, 2009); (3) sa matou faʻaaogaina le tali tutusa i se faʻamatalaga tutoatasi tutoʻatasi (faʻataʻitaʻiga 2); ma le (4) sa matou faʻataʻitaʻia le faʻamaoniga-fesoʻotaʻi faʻatonuina o le fuifui vaifofo faʻafitauli (ie, pe a fai o faʻaiuga fuʻa e eseese i fesuiaʻiga o aia i auala e ogatasi ma le teori). O le fuafaatatau-aoga o faaputuga fuafuaina na iloiloina i le faʻatusatusaina o togi i luga o le ono CSBD subscales (totonu aoga); E le gata i lea, o le taua i fafo na suʻesuʻeina e le faʻatusatusaina o fuifui e faʻatatau i le sociodemographic, feusuaiga, ma faʻailoilo faʻailoga (SSS togi, taimi i luga ole laiga mo feusuaiga, ma isi).
Amio Taualoa
O suʻesuʻega sa faʻatautaia e tusa ma le Tautinoga a Helsinki. Na faʻatagaina e le Komiti Suʻesuʻe a le Faʻalapotopotoga a le Iunivesite o Jaume I le suʻesuʻega. O tagata na tauofo i le suʻesuʻega na logoina e uiga i le suʻesuʻega ma na latou avatua le faʻatagaga maliega.
i'uga
Faʻamaonia Mafuaʻaga Suʻesuʻega (CFA) o CSBD faʻailoga
Ina ia mafai ona faʻamaonia le lelei o le psychometric o le fetaui lelei ma le matou faʻavaeina-faʻatulagaina faʻavasegaina o faʻailoga CSBD (Laulau 1), na faia le CFA i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma 1 ma le 2. Lelei o le ofi o lua ono faʻataʻitaʻia tofotofoina: o se faʻataʻitaʻiga o le ono muamua faʻasologa mea (ie, CSBD faʻailoga) na faʻafesoʻotaʻia (M1) ma se faʻataʻitaʻiga o nei mea taua na faʻavasega i lalo o le faʻatonuga lona lua (M2). O lenei auala lona lua sa o gatasi ma faʻataʻitaʻiga fuafuaina se unidimensional faʻaaliga o CSBD faʻailoga (Graham, Walters, Harris, & Knight, 2016) ma na mauaina le lagolago e galuega talu ai nei i luga o le factorial fausaga o le CSBD iloiloga fua (Castro-Calvo et al., 2018). E pei Laulau 2 faʻaali, M1 maua le sili faʻataʻitaʻiga fetaui i uma faʻataʻitaʻi 1 ma 2. O mea taua o loʻo maua mai le CFA o loʻo aofia ai o se faʻaopopo mea i faʻaopoopoga (Laulau A2 i le faʻaopoopoga).
| χ2 | df | P | χ2/df | RMSEA (CI) | SRMR | CFI | IFI | |
| Ono tuʻufaʻatasiga muamua-faʻatulaga mea (M1, faʻataʻitaʻiga 1) | 1,202.14 | 758 | 1.58 | 0.019 (017; 0.021) | 0.03 | 0.96 | 0.96 | |
| Ono mea faʻatulagaina muamua i lalo o le faʻatonuga lona lua (M2, faʻataʻitaʻiga 1) | 2,487.97 | 766 | 3.24 | 0.038 (036; 0.039) | 0.03 | 0.85 | 0.85 | |
| Ono tuʻufaʻatasiga muamua-faʻatulaga mea (M1, faʻataʻitaʻiga 2) | 1,722.08 | 758 | 2.27 | 0.031 (0.029; 0.031) | 0.03 | 0.91 | 0.91 | |
| Ono mea faʻatulagaina muamua i lalo o le faʻatonuga lona lua (M2, faʻataʻitaʻiga 2) | 2,952.61 | 766 | 3.85 | 0.047 (0.045; 0.048) | 0.03 | 0.79 | 0.79 |
tusi. CFA = faʻamautinoaina auiliiliga vaega; χ2 = Satorra-Bentler chi-sikuea; df = tikeri o le saolotoga; P = lautele faʻataʻitaʻiga taua; χ2/df = masani-chi-sikuea; RMSEA = aʻa lona uiga sikuea mea sese o le latalata atu; CFI = faʻatusatusa fetaui faʻasino igoa; IFI = faʻaopoopoga talafeagai faʻasino igoa.
E tusa o le tumau i totonu (Laulau 3), faauuga Cronbach's α ma McDonald's ω mo le tele o le CSBD subscales faʻailoa mai se talafeagai totonu talafeagai (α ma ω i le va o le .67 – .89 i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 ma le .68 – .91 i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2).
| Faʻailoga laiti | Faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 (n = 1,581) | Faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 (n = 1,318) | ||
| α (CI) | '(CI) | α (CI) | '(CI) | |
| Le maua le pule | 0.82 (0.81; 0.83) | 0.85 (0.83; 0.86) | 0.85 (84; 0.86) | 0.87 (0.86; 0.88) |
| Neglect | 0.75 (0.73; 0.77) | 0.78 (0.76; 0.80) | 0.77 (76; 0.79) | 0.80 (0.78; 0.82) |
| Le mafai ona taofi | 0.67 (0.65; 0.68) | 0.67 (0.64; 0.70) | 0.76 (75; 0.78) | 0.79 (0.77; 0.81) |
| Faʻaauau faʻauiga e ui i le faʻalavelave | 0.69 (0.68; 0.71) | 0.73 (0.70; 0.75) | 0.78 (77; 0.80) | 0.80 (0.78; 0.82) |
| Aʻoina | 0.88 (0.87; 0.89) | 0.89 (0.88; 0.90) | 0.90 (0.89; 0.91) | 0.91 (0.90; 0.92) |
| Preoccupation, salience, ma le ogaoga malamalamaaga | 0.68 (0.66; 0.71) | 0.72 (0.70; 0.74) | 0.68 (0.66; 0.71) | 0.69 (0.66; 0.72) |
Fausiaina fuifui
Ina ia faʻailoa vaega laiti o tagata na auai ma faʻamatalaga faʻapitoa a le CSBD, na matou faʻatautaia se suʻesuʻega faʻasolosolo faʻasolosolo i le faʻataʻitaʻiga. Ina ia mautinoa o nei fesuiaʻiga faʻasoa se tutusa metric, o latou togi na z-suia. Na faʻatinoina le suʻesuʻeina o fualaʻau faʻatulagaina i le faʻaaogaina o le metotia a Ward ma le Squared Euclidian, na faʻaalia ai o le aofaʻi talafeagai o fuifui e lua. O le isi lua-sitepu metotia faʻapea foi ma le auiliiliga o le BIC ma le AIC tulaga taua faʻamaoniaina le tutusa fofo tali. Faʻaputuga 1 (faʻaigoaina "non-CSBD") aofia ai 1 tagata auai (1,421%) faʻaalia se maualalo-CSBD faʻafitauli tulaga lamatia; kulupu 89.88 ("CSBD") aofia ai 2 tagata auai (160%) ma le maualuga-CSBD tulaga faʻataʻitaʻi talaaga.
Ina ia faʻamaonia le saʻo o lenei lua-kulupu fofo, matou faia tolu faʻamaonia iloiloga. Muamua, faʻamaumauga mai le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 na toe suʻesuʻeina e ala i le faʻaaogaina o se isi auala, e le faʻatulagaina, faʻasolosolo auala: k-uiga. Na maeʻa loa, na matou faʻatusatusaina le faʻatasiga o sui auai i le va o faʻafitauli uma e lua, ma maua ai le 100% o i latou na auai na muamua aofia i totonu o le CSBD cluster ma le 86.3% o i latou na tofia i le CSBD na faʻavasegaina i le kulupu lava e tasi e ala i lenei isi auala. O le auala faʻamaonia lona lua na aofia ai i le vaeluaina o le faʻataʻitaʻiga mai le seti 1 i le lua tutusa faʻavae, auiliiliina taʻitasi afa e ala i le lua-sitepu metotia, ma faʻatusatusa le saʻo o le faʻatulagaina o le avea ma sui auai. O le faʻatasiga e ala i lenei metotia sa sili atu ona maualuga, ma le 98.4 ma le 100% o tagata na tofia e le o CSBD ma CSBD faʻaputuga faʻavasegaina i uluaʻi talaʻaga. I le iuga, matou toe faʻataʻitaʻi le amataga metotia faʻaputuina i se matua tutoʻatasi faʻataʻitaʻiga (faʻataʻitaʻiga 2), mauaina toe tasi le tutusa fautuaina lua-kulupu fofo. I lenei tulaga, o le vaega e le o le CSBD aofia ai le 92.19% o le faʻataʻitaʻiga (n = 1,215) ae o le CSBD fuifui aofia ai le isi 7.81% (n = 103).
Suʻesuʻega o faʻaputuputuina
O le fuataga fesoʻotaʻi-fesoʻotaʻiga o le lua-kulupu fofo na tofotofoina i le faʻatusatusaina o tagata auai i tuusao faʻailoga CSBD (totonu aoga) faʻapea foi ma le suʻesuʻeina o le sociodemographic, feusuaiga, ma faʻamatalaga faʻapitoa a le au auai o le CSBD (faʻamaonia i fafo). Pei ona faʻaalia i totonu Laulau 4, tagata auai i le CSBD faʻaputuga taua eseʻese mai tagata le auai CSBD ia latou togi i luga o le ono CSBD lesitala, uma i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 ma le 2 (uma eseesega taua i P <0.001 ma lapoʻa aafiaga tele). CSBD faʻailoga na sili atu le faʻailoga i le va o faʻaputuga uma o le le lava o le puleaina (d = 2.46 [faʻataʻitaʻi 1]; d = 2.75 [faʻataʻitaʻiga 2]), tuulafoaʻi (d = 2.42; d = 2.07), ma faʻamuamua (d = 2.32; d = 2.65). O le fuainumera o tagata na togiina togi i luga atu o le HBI, SCS, ma le SAST vavae ese mai i le va o le 30.1 ma le 63.1% i le faaputuga CSBD, faatusatusa i le 0.1-2.6% i le vaega le CSBD.
| Faʻailoga fua | Faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 (n = 1,581) | Faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 (n = 1,318) | ||||||
| Faʻaputuga 1 (leai-CSBD, n = 1,421) M (SD) pe% | Faʻaputuga 2 (CSBD, n = 160) M (SD) po o le % | Faʻamaumauga taua | Fua faʻatatau | Faʻaputuga 1 (leai-CSBD, n = 1,215) M (SD) pe% | Faʻaputuga 2 (CSBD, n = 103) M (SD) po o le % | Faʻamaumauga taua | Fua faʻatatau | |
| CSBD faʻailoga (tuʻufaʻatasiga faʻasino)a | ||||||||
| Le maua le pule | -0.16 (0.43) | 1.42 (0.80) | t = −39.18 *** | d = 2.46 | -0.15 (0.43) | 1.76 (0.88) | t = −38.25 *** | d = 2.75 |
| Neglect | -0.17 (0.51) | 1.56 (0.87) | t = −37.46 *** | d = 2.42 | -0.15 (0.46) | 1.83 (1.27) | t = −33.97 *** | d = 2.07 |
| Le mafai ona taofi | -0.13 (0.57) | 1.16 (0.96) | t = −25.07 *** | d = 1.63 | -0.12 (0.61) | 1.61 (0.89) | t = −26.40 *** | d = 2.26 |
| Faʻaauau faʻauiga e ui i le faʻalavelave | -0.11 (0.34) | 1.06 (0.73) | t = −34.99 *** | d = 2.05 | -0.11 (0.42) | 1.38 (0.77) | t = −31.61 *** | d = 2.40 |
| Aʻoina | -0.12 (0.62) | 1.14 (0.82) | t = −23.71 *** | d = 1.73 | -0.10 (0.67) | 1.22 (0.86) | t = −18.87 *** | d = 1.71 |
| Preoccupation, salience, ma oe lava-manatu mamafa | -0.13 (0.46) | 1.22 (0.68) | t = −33.04 *** | d = 2.32 | −0.12 (.49) | 1.41 (0.65) | t = −29.50 *** | d = 2.65 |
| Faʻateleina o le CSBD e tusa ai ma eseʻese ese | ||||||||
| Tagata auai i luga atu o le HBI vavaeʻese togi (HBI ≥53)b | 0.7% | 58.3% | χ2 = −759.32 *** | V = 0.70 | 0.7% | 63.1% | χ2 = −707.74 *** | V = 0.73 |
| Tagata auai i luga atu o le SCS vavaeʻese togi (SCS ≥2 4)c | 1.5% | 59.0% | χ2 = −690.85 *** | V = 0.66 | 1.2% | 43.7% | χ2 = −393.86 *** | V = 0.54 |
| Tagata auai i luga SAST tipi-ese togi (SAST> 13)d | 0.1% | 30.1% | χ2 = −426.50 *** | V = 0.52 | 2.6% | 52.4% | χ2 = −385.97 *** | V = 0.54 |
tusi. *P <0.05; **P <0.01; ***P <0.001
Cluster o lona uiga ua faʻaalia o z-togi.
Parsons, Bimbi, and Halkitis (2001) na faʻatulagaina o le taua ≥24 i luga o le SCS e ono faʻaalia ai le ogaoga o faʻamalosi faʻamalosi e pei o faʻailoga.
E faatatau i fafo atu faʻatasi (Laulau 5), CSBD sui auai sa tele lava aliʻi (69.4 ma le 72.8% i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 ma le 2) ma aofia ai le maualuga faʻateleina o tamaʻitaʻi o loʻo auai (82.5 ma le 66%). I le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2, CSBD tagata auai sa laiti nai lo tagata le auai i le CSBD (d = 0.22) ae i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1, o le faʻasalalau lipoti o le i ai o se paaga tumau na maualalo (V = 0.10). O tagata auai o le CSBD sa tele ina sailia lagona faʻafeusuaiga (d = 1.02 [faʻataʻitaʻi 1]; d = 0.90 [faʻataʻitaʻiga 2]), faʻaali teisi faateleina faʻaosoina erotophilic (d = 0.26 i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1), ma faʻaalia le faʻateleina o feusuaiga i luga ole laiga. Ae maise lava, CSBD tagata auai faʻaalu faʻalua taimi umi i luga o le Initaneti mo feusuaʻiga faʻamoemoe (d = 0.59; d = 0.45), togi maualuga maualuga i se fua fua faatatau sili atu ma faʻafitauli faʻalavelave i lenei amioga (ISST, d = 0.98; d = 1.32), ma se vaega taua na taliina faʻamaonia i fesili e fesoʻotaʻi ma le ogaoga manatu (50% o tagata na faʻataʻitaʻia i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 manatu na latou faʻaaluina le tele o taimi i luga ole laiga mo feusuaiga ma 60% na popole e uiga i lenei amioga). O amioga le masani ai i feusuaiga a tagata auai o le CSBD i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 na faʻaalia e le numera maualuga o paʻaga feusuaiga (d = 0.37), o se maualuga maualuga taimi o feusuaiga (V = 0.11), ma le faʻateleina o le taatele o amioga faʻafeusuaiga eseese. O amioga le faia i fafo o le vasega o tagata auai o le CSBD i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 naʻo le eseʻese mai tagata e le o ni CSBD i le tele o taimi o feusuaiga (V = 0.10) ma le taatele o le itupa e tasi o feusuaiga (V = 0.07). I le iuga, CSBD tagata auai i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e lua na faʻaalia le sili atu o le faʻanoanoaga ma le popole nai lo tagata le auai i le CSBD, e pei ona faʻaalia e le latou togi ua faʻateleina i le BDI-II ma le STAI-setete (d o 0.68 ma 0.33 faʻatulagaina) ma le HADS-Paʻu Faʻanoanoa ma le HADS-Popole (d o 0.78 ma 0.85 faʻatulagaina). I se isi itu, CSBD tagata faʻaalia faʻaalia tulaga maualalo o le talitonuina o oe lava (d o le 0.35 i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 ma le 0.55 i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2).
| Faʻailoga fua | Faʻataʻitaʻiga 1 (n = 1,581) | Faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 (n = 1,318) | ||||||
| Faʻaputuga 1 (leai-CSBD, n = 1,421) M (SD) pe% | Faʻaputuga 2 (CSBD, n = 160) M (SD) po o le % | Faʻamaumauga taua | Fua faʻatatau | Faʻaputuga 1 (leai-CSBD, n = 1,215) M (SD) pe% | Faʻaputuga 2 (CSBD, n = 103) M (SD) po o le % | Faʻamaumauga taua | Fua faʻatatau | |
| Talafaʻasolopito Sociodemographic | ||||||||
| Itupa (alii) | 40.1% | 69.4% | χ2 = 50.22 *** | V = 0.18 | 55.1 | 72.8% | χ2 = 12.17 *** | V = 0.09 |
| tausaga | 20.58 (2.16) | 20.53 (2.82) | t = 0.287 | d = 0.01 | 34.55 (17.02) | 30.87 (15.58) | t = 2.11 * | d = 0.22 |
| Paʻaga tumau (ioe) | 54% | 37.5% | χ2 = 16.81 *** | V = 0.10 | 69.5% | 69.9% | χ2 = 0.36 | V = 0.02 |
| Tulaga feusuaʻi (heterosexual) | 93% | 82.5% | χ2 = 29.84 *** | V = 0.14 | 74.5% | 66% | χ2 = 7.27 * | V = 0.07 |
| Tulaga feusuaʻi (bisexual) | 2.5% | 10% | 12.9% | 22.3% | ||||
| Tulaga feusuaʻi (tauatane) | 4.4% | 7.5% | 12.7% | 11.7% | ||||
| Uiga feusuaʻiga | ||||||||
| Feusuaiga sailiiliga fua (SSSS, va i le va o 11-44) | 24.86 (6.37) | 30.89 (5.37) | t = −7.19 *** | d = 1.02 | 24.17 (6.27) | 29.82 (6.20) | t = −8.78 *** | d = 0.90 |
| Suʻesuʻega o Manatu mo Feusuaiga (SOS, mai le va o le 20-140) | 109.99 (13.47) | 113.93 (16.42) | t = .1.27 | d = 0.26 | ||||
| Faʻamatalaga faʻafeusuaiga: Faʻafeusuaiga i luga ole laiga | ||||||||
| Minute i le vaiaso tuuto i le initaneti | 65.29 (90.85) | 152.37 (185.40) | t = −5.47 *** | d = 0.59 | 118.54 (230.54) | 263.50 (340.06) | t = −5.84 *** | d = 0.49 |
| Suʻega o Suʻega i Feusuaiga i luga ole Initaneti (ISST, mai le va o le 0-25) | 4.91 (3.76) | 8.97 (4.45) | t = −7.73 *** | d = 0.98 | 6.27 (3.95) | 11.93 (4.60) | t = −13.76 *** | d = 1.32 |
| Sa e i ai se taimi na e popole ai e uiga i lau 'initaneti' taumafaina? (ioe) | 30.5% | 59.4% | χ2 = 35.10 *** | V = 0.17 | ||||
| E te manatu e te faʻaaluina tele taimi nai lo le fautuaina lugalaina mo feusuaʻiga? (ioe) | 12.5% | 50.5% | χ2 = 105.42 *** | V = 0.29 | ||||
| Faʻamatalaga faʻafeusuaiga: Le masani ai Feusuaiga amioga | ||||||||
| Feusuaiga i le olaga atoa (ioe) | 96.8% | 95.7% | χ2 = 0.21 | V = 0.02 | 82.3% | 82.5% | χ2 = 0.04 | V = 0.006 |
| Tulaga tutusa − feusuaiga feusuaiga (ioe) | 11.7% | 29% | χ2 = 13.30 *** | V = 0.18 | 28.6% | 40.8% | χ2 = 6.71 ** | V = 0.07 |
| Aofaʻiga olaga o paʻaga feusuaiga | 5.53 (5.52) | 9.77 (15.14) | t = −3.85 *** | d = 0.37 | ||||
| Feusuaiga feusuaiga: sili atu ma le tolu taimi i le vaiaso | 20.5% | 33.3% | χ2 = 5.31 * | V = 0.11 | 37.1% | 54.9% | χ2 = 11.82 *** | V = 0.10 |
| Masturbation (ioe) | 84.8% | 98.6% | χ2 = 9.83 ** | V = 0.16 | 92% | 93.2% | χ2 = 0.18 | V = 0.01 |
| Upu tautala (ioe) | 89.5% | 94.3% | χ2 = 1.49 | V = 0.06 | 88.2% | 86.4% | χ2 = 0.30 | V = 0.02 |
| Feusuaiga feusuaʻiga (ioe) | 92.1% | 92.9% | χ2 = 0.05 | V = 0.01 | 81.9% | 80.6% | χ2 = 0.10 | V = 0.01 |
| Feusuaiga faʻaipoipo (ioe) | 34.3% | 51.4% | χ2 = 7.18 ** | V = 0.13 | 52% | 56.3% | χ2 = 0.70 | V = 0.02 |
| Talaʻaga faʻafomaʻi | ||||||||
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, i le va o 0-63) | 7.20 (6.61) | 12.49 (8.65) | t = −5.59 *** | d = 0.68 | ||||
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Setete, va i le va o 0-60) | 11.77 (15.69) | 15.69 (9.09) | t = −3.65 *** | d = 0.33 | ||||
| Falemai Fefe ma Fafano Fua (HADS-Paʻu Faʻanoanoa, va i le va o 7–28) | 10.79 (3.18) | 13.36 (3.36) | t = −7.73 *** | d = 0.78 | ||||
| Falemai Fefe ma Fua Faʻafitauli Fua (HADS-Manatuvale, va i le va 7–28) | 13.83 (3.75) | 17.35 (4.48) | t = −9.02 *** | d = 0.85 | ||||
| Ole fua faʻatau a le tagata ia Rosenberg (RSES, mai le va o le 10–40) | 31.54 (5.45) | 29.50 (5.88) | t = 2.79 ** | d = 0.35 | 31.74 (5.92) | 28.33 (6.42) | t = 5.57 *** | d = 0.55 |
tusi. *P <0.05; **P <0.01; ***P <0.001
Talanoaga
O le autu autu o lenei suʻesuʻega o le suʻesuʻeina o le mea na tupu ma agaifanua, feusuaʻiga, ma uiga faʻapitoa o le CSBD i lua tutoʻatasi nofoaga faʻataʻitaʻi. I le aotelega, o lenei suʻesuʻega (a) fuafuaina o se mea na tupu o le CSBD i le va o le 8 ma le 10% ma le (b) maua ai o tagata auai ma le CSBD o le tele o aliʻi heterosexual, e laʻititi nai lo le au tali e aunoa ma le CSBD, lipotia maualuga tulaga o feusuaiga manaʻomia sailiga ma erotophilia, se faateleina offline ma aemaise i luga o le initoneti gaoioiga feusuaiga, sili atu le lotovaivai ma popolevale faʻailoga, ma le mativa ia te oe lava.
Talu ai o le sailiga muamua na faʻatapulaʻaina e le le lava o faʻataʻitaʻiga siakiina meafaigaluega mo le iloiloina o le atoa vaega o CSBD faʻailoga ma faʻailoga ma le maualalo o le sao o le 'eseʻese metotia masani faʻaaogaina i suʻesuʻega tulaga e faʻailoa ai tagata gasegase faʻaalia lenei tulaga, na matou mulimuli i se isi auala e faʻatalanoa ai lenei faʻamoemoe: na matou atiaʻe se lisi tuʻufaʻatasiga fou faʻavae i luga o tolu fua faʻamaonia muamua na matou faʻafaigaluegaina e faʻailoa ai tagata auai o tauivi ma le CSBD e ala i se faʻamaumauga-tulia auala (faʻavasega auʻiliʻiliga). E ala i lenei metotia, 10.12 ma le 7.81% o tagata na auai i ni tutoʻatasi tutoʻatasi na faʻamaoniaina e ono pagatia mai le CSBD. O nei fuainumera e tali tutusa ma na lipotia mai i talavou e ala i se faʻamatalaga faʻasolosolo-tuleia auala (Efrati & Gola, 2018b) pe i tagata matutua e ala i suʻesuʻega eseese metotia (Dickenson, Gleason, Coleman, & Miner, 2018; Giordano & Cecil, 2014; Långström & Hanson, 2006; Restenberger et al., 2015; Skegg, Nada-Raja, Dickson, & Paul, 2010), ae maualuga atu ia i latou na maua e ala i sili atu falemaʻi faʻatuatuaina iloiloga metotia (Odlaug et al., 2013; faʻataʻitaʻiga, faʻatulagaina o faʻatalanoaga, Odlaug & Grant, 2010). O se faamalamalamaga ono mo lenei faateleina faateleina o lo tatou faiga faaputuga auala puʻeina le gata le talafeagai falemaʻi laʻasaga o CSBD, ae faʻapea foi subclinical faʻaaliga o lenei tulaga (ie, tagata faʻaalia faʻafitauli ae le faʻamaoni fafo-o-faʻataʻitaʻiga amioga faʻafeusuaiga ia e ui lava e masani ona o faʻatasi ma talafeagai tulaga o le faʻaletonu ma le faʻanoanoa). O lenei manatu e lagolagoina e le mea moni e faʻapea i le va o le 41 ma le 69.9% (faʻataʻitaʻiga 1) ma le 36.9% –51.3% (faʻataʻitaʻiga 2) o tagata na auai i le faʻaputuga CSBD e leʻi ausia nisi o togi tipi na fautuaina mai e le HBI, le SCS, poʻo le SAST mo le faʻamaoniga o lenei tulaga. I le tulaga o le falemaʻi, o nei sailiiliga fautua mai ai o tagata lipotia CSBD faʻailoga aofia ai se heterogeneous kulupu aofia aofia uma tagata gasegase faʻaalia amioga le taupulea feusuaʻi ae le faʻamalosi i fafo atu o le pulea amioga ma tagata gasegase agavaa mo le atoa falemaʻi tulaga. O lenei tulaga e o gatasi lava ma faʻataʻitaʻiga talu ai nei o loʻo fautuaina ai ni auala eseʻese se lua mo le faʻafitauli o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi: tasi ala mo tagata faʻaaogaina faʻaalia ai ni faʻafitauli moni e faʻatonutonu ai a latou amioga tau feusuaiga (faʻapea, faʻaaoga faʻamalosi) ma isi mo tagata faʻaaoga o loʻo feagai ma mafatiaga o le mafaufau ona o a latou amioga tau feusuaiga e fai. le fetaui ma a latou lava amio / amio mama / faʻalelotu taua (Grubbs, Perry, et al., 2019c; Kraus & Sweeney, 2019). O le mea lea, e tatau ona faʻaeteete tagata polofesa mo le soifua maloloina o le mafaufau pe a suʻesuʻe tagata mamaʻi o loʻo lipotia faʻailoga a le CSBD e iloa ai le eseesega i le va o faʻataʻitaʻiga ma faʻataʻitaʻiga o lenei tulaga ma ia fautuaina le fetuʻunaʻi o mafaufauga ma / poʻo le mafaufau faʻapitoa e tusa ai ma le faigata ma uiga o le falemaʻi ataDerbyshire & Grant, 2015; Hook et al., 2014).
E tusa ai ma le sosaiete a tagata o loʻo auai ile faʻapotopotoga ole CSBD, o matou sailiga ua faʻailoa mai ai o le itupa ma le faiaʻiga faʻafeusuaiga e talafeagai ile faʻaalia o lenei tulaga, ae e le taua tele nai lo le faʻataʻitaʻiga muamua. I le tulaga masani, ua finau le au suʻesuʻe e faapea, o alii e sili atu ona vaivai i le atiaʻe o le CSBD, ona o le faaosofia o latou lagona i feusuaʻiga, le faʻaosooso, ma uiga tuʻu mama i feusuaiga le masani ai (Kafka, 2010; Mckeague, 2014). I le laina lea, Kaplan & Krueger (2010) fautuaina e faʻapea tama tane latalata i le 80% o CSBD tagata mamaʻi. E faʻapena foi, na faʻailoa mai e le au suʻesuʻe, o gays ma bisexuals, aemaise lava tamaloloa, e sili atu ona faigofie ona atiaʻe se CSBD ona o le mauaina o le tele o ituaiga o ituaiga feusuaʻiga ma o latou faigata mo le auai i se faiga masani masaniParsons et al., 2008). Lagolagoina lenei manatu, eseʻese suʻesuʻega ua maua ai le taatele o feusuaiga faamalosia e oʻo atu i le 30% i le alalafaga faʻataʻitaʻiga o non-heterosexuals (Kelly et al., 2009; Parsons et al., 2012) ma le 51% i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o tagata feusuaʻiga toaaga o loʻo faia feusuaʻiga ma tamaloloa (MSM) (Parsons, Rendina, Moody, Ventuneac, & Grov, 2015). Faapea foi, Bőle et al. (2018) maua o LGBTQ aliʻi ma fafine e maualuga togi i luga o le HBI ma isi faʻailoga tau feusuaʻiga. I le matou suʻesuʻega, e ui lava o le toʻatele o tagata sa auai ile faʻalapotopotoga ole CSBD o aliʻi, ae o se vaega tele o fafine (30.6% ile faʻataʻitaʻiga 1; 27.2% ile faʻataʻitaʻiga 2). Ae o feusuaiga, o le taatele o homosexuals i le CSBD fuifui sa na o sina maualuga atu (faʻataʻitaʻiga 1) pe oʻo foʻi i lalo (faʻataʻitaʻiga 2) i lena matauina i le le-CSBD faʻaputuga, ae o le vaevaega o bisexuals i le CSBD vaega na faʻateleina i se 7.5 ma le 9.4% faʻatusatusa ile non-CSBD cluster. I se aotelega, o nei sailiga e fautua mai ai, a o le CSBD i fafine ua le amanaʻiaina pe faʻamatalaina o se faʻaaliga o isi faʻafitauli tau falemaʻi, o lana faʻataʻitaʻiga i totonu o tagata e leʻo feʻaveaʻi (ae maise lava le MSM) na sili atu ona uaʻi iai, ae maise lava talu ai o le aofaʻi o vaega o mataupu o le CSBD o loʻo fai ma sui. (17.5% i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1; 34% i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2) e tali tutusa pe paʻu foʻi i lalo ifo o le faʻatusa a fafine. Tuuina atu le talafeagai o le syndemic faafitauli e fesoʻotaʻi ma CSBD i totonu o tagata e le o tamaʻitaʻi (Rooney, Tulloch, & Blashill, 2018), nisi suʻesuʻega i luga o le faʻaalia o lenei tulaga i lenei faitau aofaʻi o tagata ua tatau; ae ui i lea, e talafeagai foi e faʻateleina lo tatou iloa i luga o le etiology, faʻaaliga, ma togafitiga uiga o le CSBD i fafine (Carvalho et al., 2014).
E pei o le faʻataʻitaʻiga, o eseesega taua i le va o tagata auai ma le leai o le CSBD na maua i le faʻaalia o lua amioga faʻafeusuaiga. Ae maise lava, o sui auai ma le CSBD na sili atu le feusuaʻi sailiga tagata sailiili ma e ono foliga mai e lipotia le faʻateleina o amioga mataga. Eseese suʻesuʻega ua suʻesuʻeina maua se fesoʻotaʻiga vavalalata i le va o feusuaiga faamalosia ma feusuaiga lagona sailia (Kalichman & Rompa, 1995; Klein et al., 2014), ae i le lautele tatou te iloa, o le taimi muamua lenei o se manino sootaga i le va o CSBD ma erotophilia ua faʻamaonia. Uma lagona feusuaʻi sailia ma erotophilia ua manatu o fua o uiga (Fisher, White, Byrne, & Kelley, 1988; Kalichman & Rompa, 1995): ie, mautu ma tumau uiga masani na tutoʻatasi mai isi taimi le tumau (pei o le CSBD). I le tulaga masani, o nei sailiiliga e tagitagi ma le lua faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga, lea e fautuaina ai o le CSBD e ono mafua mai i le tuʻufaʻatasia o le faʻaititia o le faʻaititia o feusuaiga ma le faʻateleina o lagona feusuaʻi (faʻatulagaina e itu e pei o feusuaiga manaʻoga sailia poʻo erotophilia) (Bancroft, Graham, Janssen, & Sanders, 2009; Kafka, 2010).
O mea manaia na maua na aliaʻe foi ina ua matou auʻiliʻiliina le faʻamatalaga tau feusuaʻiga mai i latou na auai ile CSBD. Faʻatusatusa i la matou uluaʻi manatu, tagata auai i le CSBD faʻaputuga sa leʻi matua eseʻese mai tagata le-CSBD tagata faʻatatau e uiga ia latou amioga feusuaʻi i fafo. I le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1, CSBD sui auai lipotia le maualuga numera o paʻaga feusuaʻiga, a teisi maualuga maualuga o feusuaiga, ma le faʻateleina faʻateleina o feusuaʻiga amioga e pei o le masturbation poʻo anal sex; I le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2, CSBD sui auai naʻo eseʻese mai tagata e leʻo CSBD i latou e uiga i le tele o taimi o feusuaiga. O nei eseʻesega uma lava na oʻo i se laʻititi aafiaga tele (d <.50 ma V <.30). E i ai eseesega ono faʻamatalaga mo nei laiti eseesega. O le muamua e faʻatatau i tapulaʻa i le auala na iloiloina ai faʻamatalaga tau feusuaʻiga. I le matou suʻesuʻega, sa faia ai ni iloiloga i fafo atu o le olaga i amioga feusuaʻi (eg, "na e faia se faʻamalosi faʻatama?"); talu ai o le CSBD e foliga mai e masani ma faʻateleina le ogaoga a o alu le taimi (Reid et al., 2012), faʻavasega metotia tatau ona nofouta i le tumau suiga i amioga feusuaʻi (eg, "i le masina ua teʻa, na e faia se faʻatama anal?"). Lagolagoina lenei faʻamatalaga, Stupansky et al. (2009) e leʻi maua ni eseʻesega i le va o fafine maualuga ma maualalo i le faʻamalosia o feusuaiga ina ua latou suʻesuʻe i le olaga atoa le masani ai o le gutu, anal, ma feusuaiga feusuaiga; Peitai, o eseʻesega eseʻesega na aliaʻe mai ina ua latou fesiligia e uiga i nei amioga i le 30 aso ua tuanaʻi. Ma le isi, o le fuataga o le tele o taimi e le faia ai feusuaʻiga amioga ae le o latou tupuʻaga ono avea ma sili atu maaleale faʻailoga o le CSBD. O le isi faʻamatalaga talafeagai o le talu ai nei suiga suiga faʻaleaganuʻu faʻalauiloaina le faʻatagaina ma uiga lelei agaʻi i feusuaiga le masani ai (eg, "hookup aganuʻu") na afaina i le salalau ma le tele o feusuaiga eseese (Garcia, Reiber, Massey, & Merriwether, 2012), faʻapea ona lilo ai le ono aʻafiaga o le CSBD i luga o le initaneti amioga faʻafeusuaiga. I le iuga, o se isi faʻamatalaga talafeagai o le faʻateleina o le faʻafaigofieina ma le faʻateleina o OSA eseese ua suia le auala i tagata mamaʻi ma le CSBD faʻamalieina o latou lagona feusuaʻi, o lea e fiafia ai i le Initaneti o le autu o feusuaʻiga. I le matou suʻesuʻega, na matou iloa ai o tagata taʻitasi ma le CSBD na faʻaaluina le tele o taimi i luga o le Initaneti mo mafuaʻaga tau feusuaʻiga, togi maualuga maualuga i le fua fuaina o sili atu ma faʻafitauli fesoʻotaʻiga i OSAs, ma o se iloga vaega (sili atu nai lo 50%) na popole e uiga i lenei amioga ma manatu na latou faʻaaluina tele taimi e faia ai. I lenei tulaga, eseesega i le va o le CSBD ma tagata e le o le CSBD na oʻo atu i le matua tele tele o latou tele (d oo atu i le 1.32). I se aotelega, o nei taunuʻuga fautua mai o tagata ma CSBD faʻaalia se manino fiafia mo OSAs o latou sili fiafia i fafo atu o feusuaiga, nai lo le moni-olaga feusuaʻiga. O nei iʻuga e tutusa ma i latou na lipotia mai e Wéry et al. (2016) i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o 72 tagata mamaʻi na faʻailoa e i latou lava o "tagata faʻafeusuaiga". I lenei suʻesuʻega, 53.5% o feusuaʻiga faʻamalosi na faʻailoa mai o le Initaneti o la latou pito sili lea ona fiafia i ai mo le faia o feusuaʻiga, i luma o le 46.5% na sili ona fiafia i feusuaʻiga moni.
E pei ona lipotia faʻaletulafono i taimi ua tuanaʻi suʻesuʻega, CSBD tagata auai i la matou suʻesuʻega faʻaalia se falemaʻi talaaga faʻailoaina e maualuga maualuga taimi nei o le popole ma le faʻanoanoa, faʻapea foi ma le le lelei o lou manatu faʻapitoa. I le matou suʻesuʻega, o le popole ma le faʻanoanoa na fuaina i fua eseese (BDI ma STAI i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1; HADS i le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2), ma faʻamaonia ai o nei sailiiliga na tutoʻatasi mai le fua faʻaaogaina e fua ai nei suiga. O nei taunuʻuga faʻamamafaina le talafeagai o le faʻaaogaina o itupa e avea o se masadaptive coping auala faʻatatau e taui mo le le lelei aʻafiaga tulaga faʻafitauli, popolega mea na tutupu i le olaga, poʻo se le lelei manatu faʻapitoa i tagata ma CSBD (Odlaug et al., 2013; Reid et al., 2008; Schultz, Hook, Davis, Penberthy, & Reid, 2014). I le tulaga o le falemaʻi, o le i ai o nei mafuaʻaga vaivai vaivaiga faʻamaoniaina le atinaʻeina o fou togafitiga auala faʻatulagaina e faʻalauteleina le soifua maloloina lagona tulafono faatonutonu auala e ala i le mafaufau-faʻavae gaioiga (Blycker & Potenza, 2018), mafaufau loloto-amio faʻamalositino togafitiga, poʻo le mafaufau loloto faʻapitoa togafitiga (Efrati & Gola, 2018a). E tusa ai ma lenei, mafaufauga faʻapitoa e faʻatupuina le faʻalauiloaina o lagona faʻatonutonu auala faʻaalia ai taunuʻuga lelei i le faʻaititia o CSBD faʻailoga (Efrati & Gola, 2018a; Hook et al., 2014).
Tapulaa ma faatonuga i le lumanai
E ui i le tele o mea mananaia ma maua fou, o lenei suʻesuʻega sa faʻatapulaʻaina i auala eseʻese. Muamua, o lenei suʻesuʻega e faʻamaopoopo ma o lea, aua le talanoaina pe faʻatusaina e le CSBD le tulaʻi mai o le faʻafeusuaiga ma faʻamatalaga faʻapitoa e masani ona maitauina i lenei tulaga pe, i se isi itu, o le i ai o nisi muamua mafaufau faʻatulagaina configurations (eg, maualuga erotophilia, feusuaiga lagona faʻagaeʻetia. , poʻo faʻafitauli tau lagona) faʻateleina le vaivai i le atiina ae o le CSBD. Lua, o le tulaʻi mai o le CSBD lipotia i le suʻesuʻega ono faʻaituʻau (faʻatupuina) ona o la matou faʻataʻitaʻiga auala. O le suʻesuʻega muamua na faʻasalalau faʻasalalau o se feusuaʻiga; o le mea lea, tagata e iai le fiafia faapitoa i feusuaʻiga (sili atu ona ono afaina i le CSBD) atonu e soona faʻaalia. E faʻapena foi, sui auai i le suʻesuʻega lona lua na faʻafaigaluegaina e ala i le Initaneti, faʻasalalau le suʻesuʻega o se feusuaiga suʻesuʻe. E le gata i lea, o le suʻesuʻega na mafai ona faʻaavanoaina i lalo o faʻaupuga saili e pei o "faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga", ma faʻateleina ai le ono maua e tagata o loʻo aʻafia faʻamaoniga o le CSBD le faʻaaogaina o le suesuega.
E le gata i lea, o le talaaga o le CSBD na fuafuaina e ala i se tusi tuʻufaʻatasia o fuainumera na maua mai i se lelei tusitusia lava lipoti o ia lava. O lenei faʻasino igoa na fuafuaina e tusa ma le sili ona talafeagai ma faʻatuatuaina taiala e faʻailoa ai le CSBD (Kafka, 2010; Kraus et al., 2018; Wéry & Billieux, 2017). Peitai, e tusa lava pe o lipoti a le tagata lava ia e manatu o se auala muamua lelei mo le siakiina o le CSBD, o lona faʻamaoniga e manaʻomia ai se iloiloga loloto o le natura ma le faʻafitauli o faʻafitauli tau feusuaiga a se tagata. Mo lena mafuaʻaga, nai lo (pe i le tuʻufaʻatasia ma) lava lipoti lipoti, o le faʻaaogaina o faʻatulagaina pe faʻatulagaina faʻatalanoaga falemaʻi na taulaʻi lava i amioga le mama ma le le pulea (faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le HD Diagnostic Clinical Interview [HD-DCI]) e masani fautuaina mo le talafeagai suʻesuʻega o le CSBD (Womack et al., 2013). O le mea lea, lumanaʻi suʻesuʻega tatau ona mafaufau i le tuʻufaʻatasia o se sili loloto loloto suʻesuʻega o le i ai ma le ogaoga o le CSBD e ala i le sili atu faʻatuatuaina suʻesuʻega tau faʻataʻitaʻiga (eg, na mulimuli mai i le DSM-5 fanua faʻataʻitaʻiga mo le gasegase faʻafitauli) (Reid et al., 2012).
faaiuga
Talu mai le aofia ai o le CSBD i le ICD-11, ua faʻateleina ona suʻesuʻeina lenei tulaga faʻafomaʻi. Peitaʻi, e manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega e faʻamaonia ai ma tuʻufaʻatasia mea ua maua i le fanua. I le faʻaaogaina o se tala faʻamaumauga-tuleia auala, o lenei suʻesuʻeina malamalama malamalamaaga i lona tupuaga ma agafesoʻotaʻi, feusuaiga, ma faʻamatalaga faʻafomaʻi. O se tasi o suʻesuʻega tutotonu i lenei suʻesuʻega o le CSBD faʻailoga ma faʻailoga e masani ai le toʻatele o le faitau aofai o tagata, e tele lava i aliʻi ae e faʻapea foʻi i se vaega tele o fafine. O nei tagata e masani ona faʻaalia le maualuga o tulaga o lagona feusuaʻi sailiga ma le erotophilia, faʻamalamalamaina ono mafuaʻaga mafuaʻaga faʻamatalaina lona amataga ma le tausiga. E feteʻenaʻi ma le matou manatu faʻavae muamua, o tagata e i ai ma aunoa ma le CSBD tau le mafai ona eseʻese mai i tuutuuga o feusuaʻiga i fafo atu o le tulafono; i se faʻaeseesega, o tagata taʻitasi ma le CSBD o loʻo faʻaalia se iloga OSA faʻateleina. O lenei sailiga ua fautua mai ai o le faʻateleina o le faʻaavanoaina ma le faʻateleina o OSA eseese ua suia le auala e faʻamalieina ai e tagata mamaʻi CSBD o latou lagona tau feusuaʻi, e manaʻo i le Initaneti o le autu o feusuaʻiga. I le iuga, o tagata mamaʻi ma le CSBD na faʻaalia le tele o faʻanoanoaga ma le popolevale faʻailoga, faʻapea foi ma le mativa ia te oe lava.
Faatupeina o punaoa
O lenei suʻesuʻega na lagolagoina e le foaʻi P1.1B2012-49 ma le P1.1B2015-82 o le Iunivesite o Jaume I o Castellón, APOSTD / 2017/005 o le County Council Matagaluega o Aʻoga, Aganuu ma Taʻaloga a le Valencian Community, ma faʻatagaina PSI2011- 27992/11 I 384 o le Matagaluega o Saienisi ma Fouvalega (Sepania).
Fesoasoani a le au tusitala
RBA ma MDGL fesoasoani i le suʻesuʻeina o ata, mauaina o faʻatupeina, ma / pe suʻesuʻe vaʻavaʻaia. RBA, MDGL, JCC, CGG ma BGJ na auai i le suʻeina o tagata auai, aoina o faʻamatalaga, auiliiliga / faʻamatalaina o faʻamatalaga, ma / poʻo le tusiaina o le pepa.
Feeseeseaiga o tului
Fai mai tusitala e leai se feteenaʻiga tului.
| Faailoga | faʻamatalaga | fua o le Faafanua | mea |
| Le maua le pule | ICD-11: Faʻaauau pea le le mafai ona faʻatonutonu tuʻinanau, faʻasolosolo lagona faʻamalosi poʻo unaʻi e mafua ai le toe faia amioga feusuaʻi. | HBI | O laʻu amioga faʻafeusuaiga e faʻatonutonu loʻu olaga. |
| HBI | O loʻu manaʻoga feusuaiga ma manaʻoga lagona sili malosi atu nai lo loʻu amio pulea. | ||
| SCS | O nisi taimi ou te matua fiafia ai lava na le mafai ai ona ou taofiofia le pule. | ||
| SCS | Ou te lagona o mafaufauga feusuaiga ma lagona e sili atu le malosi nai lo aʻu. | ||
| SCS | E tatau ona ou tauivi e faʻatonutonu oʻu mafaufauga ma amioga faʻafeusuaiga. | ||
| SAST | E i ai sau faʻalavelave e taofi lau amioga faʻafeusuaʻi pe a e iloa e le talafeagai? | ||
| SAST | O e lagona le faʻatonutonuina e ou tuinanau feusuaiga? | ||
| SAST | Pe e te manatu ea e sili atu le malosi o lou tuʻinanau o feusuaiga nai lo oe? | ||
| Neglect | ICD-11: Faʻafeusuaʻi gaioiga faia avea ma totonugalemu taulaʻi o le tagata olaga i le tulaga o le amanaʻiaina le soifua maloloina ma le tagata lava ia tausiga po o isi mea e fiafia i ai, gaioiga ma matafaioi. DSM-5: Taimi faʻaumatia e le mafaufau feusuaʻiga, uunaiiga poʻo amioga faifai mea faʻalavelave i isi taua (e le o feusuaiga) sini, gaioiga ma matafaioi. | HBI | Ou te ositaulagaina mea ou te manaʻo tele i ai i le olaga ina ia mafai ai ona avea ma feusuaiga. |
| HBI | O oʻu mafaufauga feusuaʻi ma mafaufauga le faʻatosina ese aʻu mai le faʻataunuʻuina o galuega taua. | ||
| HBI | O aʻu amioga feusuaiga e faʻalavelave i vaega o loʻu olaga, pei o le galuega poʻo le aʻoga. | ||
| SCS | O nisi taimi ou te le mafai ai ona ausia aʻu tautinoga ma matafaioi ona o aʻu amioga feusuaiga. | ||
| Le mafai ona taofi | ICD-11: Tele taumafaiga le manuia e faʻaititia ai le toe faia o amioga fai faʻafeusuaiga. DSM-5: Faʻaauau ae le manuia taumafaiga e faʻatonutonu pe matua faʻaititia nei feusuaiga manaʻoga, uunaiiga poʻo amioga. | HBI | E ui lava na ou folafola ia te aʻu lava o le a ou le toe faia se amioga faʻafeusuaiga, ua ou mauaina aʻu toe foʻi pea lava pea i ai. |
| HBI | Ua le manuia aʻu taumafaiga e suia laʻu amioga faʻafeusuaiga. | ||
| SAST | Na e faia ni taumafaiga e faʻamuta ai se ituaiga o gaioiga faʻafeusuaiga ma ua le manuia? | ||
| SAST | Sa e taumafai e taofi nisi o vaega o lau faʻitaaga? | ||
| SAST | Na e lagonaina le manaʻomia e taofi se tasi ituaiga o feusuaiga? | ||
| Faʻaauau faʻauiga e ui i le faʻalavelave | ICD-11: Faʻaauau amioga feusuaʻi faifai pea e ui lava i le leaga aʻafiaga poʻo le mauaina laiti pe leai foi se faʻamalieina mai ai DSM-5: Faʻaauau ona faia amioga faʻafeusuaiga ae le amanaʻiaina le aʻafiaga o le tino poʻo lagona faʻaleaga ia te oe lava poʻo isi. | HBI | Ou te faia feusuaʻiga ou te iloa o le a ou toe salamo mulimuli ane. |
| HBI | Ou te faia ni mea faʻafeusuaiga e le tusa ai ma oʻu tulaga taua ma oʻu talitonuga. | ||
| HBI | E ui lava o laʻu amioga faʻafeusuaiga e le talafeagai pe le mafaufau foi, ou te iloa e faigata ona taofi. | ||
| SCS | O oʻu mafaufauga feusuaʻi ma amioga ua mafua ai faʻafitauli i loʻu olaga. | ||
| SCS | O oʻu manaʻoga e fai feusuaʻiga na faʻalavelave ai loʻu olaga i aso uma. | ||
| SAST | Na e lagona le faʻaletonu i au amioga faʻafeusuaiga? | ||
| SAST | A e faia feusuaʻiga, e te lagona faʻanoanoa mulimuli ane? | ||
| SAST | Pe i ai se tasi na afaina i lagona ona o lau amioga feusuai? | ||
| SAST | Na faia e lau amioga feusuaʻi ni faʻafitauli mo oe poʻo lou aiga? | ||
| SAST | Ua faʻalavelave lou olaga faʻafeusuaiga i lou olaga aiga? | ||
| Aʻoina | DSM-5 (criterion A2): Faʻauau pea ona faia ni amioga faʻafeusuaiga, faʻamalosiʻau poʻo ni amioga e tali atu ai i lagona faʻaletonu lagona (eg, popolevale, faʻanoanoa, fiu, itaita). DSM-5 (criterion A3): Faʻauau pea ona faia ni amioga faʻafeusuaiga, faʻamalosi poʻo ni amio e tali atu ai i mea faigata na tutupu i le olaga. | HBI | Ou te faʻaaogaina feusuaiga e faʻagalo ai popolega o le olaga i aso uma. |
| HBI | O le faia o se mea feusuaʻi e fesoasoani ai ia te aʻu ia lagona le faʻaititia toʻatasi. | ||
| HBI | Ou te liliu atu i feusuaiga pe a ou maua ni lagona le lelei (eg, le fiafia, faʻanoanoa, ita). | ||
| HBI | A ou lagona le le mapu, ou te liliu i feusuaiga ina ia mafai ai ona faʻamalieina aʻu. | ||
| HBI | O le faia o se mea tau feusuaʻiga e fesoasoani ia te aʻu e onosaia ai le mafatiaga. | ||
| HBI | O feusuaiga e saunia se auala mo aʻu e feagai ai ma lagona tiga ou te lagonaina. | ||
| HBI | Ou te faʻaaogaina feusuaiga o se auala e taumafai ai ma fesoasoani ia te aʻu e feagai ma aʻu faʻafitauli | ||
| SAST | O feusuaʻiga o se auala e te sola ese ai mai ou faʻafitauli? | ||
| Ole faʻamaoni, faʻatonutonu, ma faʻafitauli tau feusuaiga e manatu iai oe lava | Salience: "A o le faʻapitoa gaioiga [feusuaiga] avea ma sili ona taua gaioiga i le tagata olaga ma puleaina o latou mafaufauga (preoccupations ma le mafaufau faʻasese), lagona (manaʻoga) ma amioga (faʻaleagaina o aga fesoʻotaʻi amioga)" (Griffiths, 2005, i. 193). | HBI | Ou te lagona e pei o laʻu amioga faʻafeusuaiga ua avea aʻu i se itu ou te le fia alu i ai. |
| SCS | O lea ua ou mafaufau e uiga i feusuaiga a o galue. | ||
| SCS | Ou te mafaufau i feusuaiga sili atu nai lo loʻu manaʻo. | ||
| SAST | E te masani ona faʻaaluina oe i mafaufauga feusuaʻi? | ||
| SAST | E te lagona o lau amioga feusuaʻi e le masani? | ||
| SAST | E i ai se taimi na e le fiafia ai i lau amio faʻafeusuaiga? |
| mea | Vaega 1 (Leiloa pulea) | Vaega 2 (Faʻatamala) | Vaega 3 (Le mafai ona taofi) | Vaega 4 (Faʻauiga faʻaauauina) | Vaega 5 (Faʻafetauina) | Vaega 6 (Faʻamaoniga) | |
| Avega faʻapitoa (vaega 1) | O laʻu amioga faʻafeusuaiga e faʻatonutonu loʻu olaga. | 0.56 (0.56) | |||||
| O loʻu manaʻoga feusuaiga ma manaʻoga lagona sili malosi atu nai lo loʻu amio pulea. | 0.68 (0.82) | ||||||
| O nisi taimi ou te matua fiafia ai lava na le mafai ai ona ou taofiofia le pule. | 0.68 (0.81) | ||||||
| Ou te lagona o mafaufauga feusuaiga ma lagona e sili atu le malosi nai lo aʻu. | 0.75 (0.79) | ||||||
| E tatau ona ou tauivi e faʻatonutonu oʻu mafaufauga ma amioga faʻafeusuaiga. | 0.74 (0.83) | ||||||
| E i ai sau faʻalavelave e taofi lau amioga faʻafeusuaʻi pe a e iloa e le talafeagai? | 0.56 (0.64) | ||||||
| O e lagona le faʻatonutonuina e ou tuinanau feusuaiga? | 0.48 (0.58) | ||||||
| Pe e te manatu ea e sili atu le malosi o lou tuʻinanau o feusuaiga nai lo oe? | 0.59 (0.67) | ||||||
| Avega faʻapitoa (vaega 2) | Ou te ositaulagaina mea ou te manaʻo tele i ai i le olaga ina ia mafai ai ona avea ma feusuaiga. | 0.59 (0.69) | |||||
| O oʻu mafaufauga feusuaʻi ma mafaufauga le faʻatosina ese aʻu mai le faʻataunuʻuina o galuega taua. | 0.64 (0.68) | ||||||
| O aʻu amioga feusuaiga e faʻalavelave i vaega o loʻu olaga, pei o le galuega poʻo le aʻoga. | 0.71 (0.75) | ||||||
| O nisi taimi ou te le mafai ai ona ausia aʻu tautinoga ma matafaioi ona o aʻu amioga feusuaiga. | 0.75 (0.80) | ||||||
| Avega faʻapitoa (vaega 3) | E ui lava na ou folafola ia te aʻu lava o le a ou le toe faia se amioga faʻafeusuaiga, ua ou mauaina aʻu toe foʻi pea lava pea i ai. | 0.71 (0.74) | |||||
| Ua le manuia aʻu taumafaiga e suia laʻu amioga faʻafeusuaiga. | 0.68 (0.79) | ||||||
| Na e faia ni taumafaiga e faʻamuta ai se ituaiga o gaioiga faʻafeusuaiga ma ua le manuia? | 0.69 (0.74) | ||||||
| Sa e taumafai e taofi nisi o vaega o lau faʻitaaga? | 0.70 (0.76) | ||||||
| Na e lagonaina le manaʻomia e taofi se tasi ituaiga o feusuaiga? | 0.63 (0.70) | ||||||
| Avega faʻapitoa (vaega 4) | Ou te faia feusuaʻiga ou te iloa o le a ou toe salamo mulimuli ane. | 0.60 (0.76) | |||||
| Ou te faia ni mea faʻafeusuaiga e le tusa ai ma oʻu tulaga taua ma oʻu talitonuga. | 0.65 (0.75) | ||||||
| E ui lava o laʻu amioga faʻafeusuaiga e le talafeagai pe le mafaufau foi, ou te iloa e faigata ona taofi. | 0.55 (0.67) | ||||||
| O oʻu mafaufauga feusuaʻi ma amioga ua mafua ai faʻafitauli i loʻu olaga. | 0.56 (0.53) | ||||||
| O oʻu manaʻoga e fai feusuaʻiga na faʻalavelave ai loʻu olaga i aso uma. | 0.64 (0.70) | ||||||
| Na e lagona le faʻaletonu i au amioga faʻafeusuaiga? | 0.75 (0.64) | ||||||
| A e faia feusuaʻiga, e te lagona le lotovaivai mulimuli ane? | 0.61 (0.50) | ||||||
| Pe i ai se tasi na afaina i lagona ona o lau amioga feusuai? | 0.61 (0.52) | ||||||
| Na faia e lau amioga feusuaʻi ni faʻafitauli mo oe poʻo lou aiga? | 0.54 (0.48) | ||||||
| Ua faʻalavelave lou olaga faʻafeusuaiga i lou olaga aiga? | 0.56 (0.46) | ||||||
| Avega faʻapitoa (vaega 5) | Ou te faʻaaogaina feusuaiga e faʻagalo ai popolega o le olaga i aso uma. | 0.66 (0.69) | |||||
| O le faia o se mea feusuaʻi e fesoasoani ai ia te aʻu ia lagona le faʻaititia toʻatasi. | 0.60 (0.66) | ||||||
| Ou te liliu atu i feusuaiga pe a ou maua ni lagona le lelei (eg, le fiafia, faʻanoanoa, ita). | 0.71 (0.79) | ||||||
| A ou lagona le le mapu, ou te liliu i feusuaiga ina ia mafai ai ona faʻamalieina aʻu. | 0.73 (0.77) | ||||||
| O le faia o se mea tau feusuaʻiga e fesoasoani ia te aʻu e onosaia ai le mafatiaga. | 0.67 (0.73) | ||||||
| O feusuaiga e saunia se auala mo aʻu e feagai ai ma lagona tiga ou te lagonaina. | 0.81 (0.84) | ||||||
| Ou te faʻaaogaina feusuaiga o se auala e taumafai ai ma fesoasoani ia te aʻu e feagai ma aʻu faʻafitauli | 0.77 (0.82) | ||||||
| O feusuaʻiga o se auala e te sola ese ai mai ou faʻafitauli? | 0.63 (0.58) | ||||||
| Avega faʻapitoa (vaega 6) | Ou te lagona e pei o laʻu amioga faʻafeusuaiga ua avea aʻu i se itu ou te le fia alu i ai. | 0.61 (0.58) | |||||
| O lea ua ou mafaufau e uiga i feusuaiga a o galue. | 0.60 (0.63) | ||||||
| Ou te mafaufau i feusuaiga sili atu nai lo loʻu manaʻo. | 0.66 (0.78) | ||||||
| E te masani ona faʻaaluina oe i mafaufauga feusuaʻi? | 0.56 (0.58) | ||||||
| E te lagona o lau amioga feusuaʻi e le masani? | 0.49 (0.52) | ||||||
| E i ai se taimi na e le fiafia ai i lau amio faʻafeusuaiga? | 0.58 (0.67) | ||||||
| Faʻafesoʻotaʻiga i le va o mea taua | Vaega 1 (Leiloa pulea) | ||||||
| Vaega 2 (Faʻatamala) | 0.85 * (0.87 *) | ||||||
| Vaega 3 (Le mafai ona taofi) | 0.65 * (0.81 *) | 0.72 * (0.75 *) | |||||
| Vaega 4 (Faʻauiga faʻaauauina) | 0.90 * (0.87 *) | 0.92 * (0.90 *) | 0.74 * (0.85 *) | ||||
| Vaega 5 (Faʻafetauina) | 0.78 * (0.68 *) | 0.60 * (0.69 *) | 0.50 * (0.65 *) | 0.62 * (0.70 *) | |||
| Vaega 6 (Faʻamaoniga) | 0.94 * (0.94 *) | 0.91 * (0.87 *) | 0.68 * (0.88 *) | 0.90 * (0.95 *) | 0.82 * (0.72 *) |
tusi. O numera muamua i sela taʻitasi e fetaui ma taunuʻuga mai le faʻataʻitaʻiga 1, ae o faʻaiʻuga mai le faʻataʻitaʻiga 2 o loʻo i puipui. *P <0.001.
;
