Maddock, Meghan E., Kaitlin Steele, Charlotte R. Esplin, S. Gabe Hatch, ma Scott R. Braithwaite.
Feusuaiga feusuaiga & Faamalosia (2019): 1-28.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2019.1645061
ABSTRACT
O suʻesuʻega talu ai o loʻo fautua mai ai o tagata lotu e sili atu nai lo tagata le lolotu latou te iloa o latou faʻaogaina ponokalafi o se faʻafitauli. Mo a matou suʻesuʻega umi o le 6-masina, matou te suʻeina se faʻataʻitaʻiga o tagata matutua mai TurkPrime.com e suʻesuʻe pe o le fegalegaleaiga o tapuaiga ma ponokalafi o loʻo faʻamoemoe e vaʻaia ai faʻafitauli sili atu 6 masina mulimuli ane ma pe o lenei aafiaga na faʻatalanoaina e ala i manatu o latou faʻaoga ponokalafi o se faʻafitauli. (fuaina 3 masina i tua o le laina fa'avae). Na matou fausia ma faʻamaonia la matou lava fuataga o le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia faʻafitauli faʻafitauli ponokalafi e aofia ai ni mea se lua: faʻaoga tele ponokalafi ma faʻaoga faʻamalosi ponokalafi. E feteenai ma lo matou manatu, e leʻi fesoʻotaʻi le faʻalelotu i le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia faʻafitauli faʻafitauli ponokalafi. Mo alii, faʻalelotu i le laina faʻavae na fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻateleina o ponokalafi faʻaoga i le 6 masina. Mo alii ma tamaitai, o le faʻaaogaina tele o ponokalafi i masina 3 na fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻateleina o le atuatuvale ile 6 masina. Mo alii, o le atuatuvale i le laina faavae na fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia faʻafitauli ponokalafi i le 3 masina. Mo tamaitai, o le maualuga o le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi faʻafitauli i le 3 masina na valoia ai le maualalo o le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi ma le maualuga o le atuatuvale ile 6 masina. O a matou suʻesuʻega o loʻo talanoaina i le malamalama o aʻoaʻoga o le atuatuvale, faʻalavelave faʻalelotu, ma tusitusiga faʻafeusuaiga.
Talanoaga
I lenei suʻesuʻega, na matou suʻesuʻeina sootaga i le va o lotu, faʻaoga ponokalafi, faʻafitauli faʻavaivai, ma faʻafitauli faʻafitauli faʻaoga ponokalafi, faʻamatalaina iinei o le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia ma le manatu o le tagata lava ia.
fa'aoga fa'amalosi, i luga ole 6 masina. Matou te manatu o le tele o tagata lotu o le a sili atu ona latou manatu o loʻo latou faʻaogaina ponokalafi i se auala faʻafitauli ma o tagata na lipotia le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi faʻafitauli i le 3 masina o le a lipotia mai faʻafitauli sili atu i le 6 masina.
Fa'alelotu ma le fa'aogaina e le tagata lava ia fa'afitauli fa'aoga ponokalafi
E le o le faʻalelotu poʻo le fegalegaleaiga i le va o lotu ma ponokalafi faʻaaogaina i le laina faʻavae na valoia e le tagata lava ia faʻafitauli faʻafitauli ponokalafi faʻaaogaina i 3 masina. O lea matou te faaiʻuina ai, i lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le tele o tagata faʻalelotu na matamata i ponokalafi e tutusa lava le tutusa ma tagata faʻalelotu e matamata i ponokalafi e vaʻavaʻai ia i latou lava o loʻo faʻaaogaina ponokalafi i le soona po o le faʻamalosi. O lenei suʻesuʻega e le ogatasi ma suʻesuʻega faʻasalalau talu ai na maua ai o tagata lotu e sili atu nai lo tagata le lolotu latou te manatu ia i latou lava o loʻo faʻaaogaina ponokalafi pe o loʻo fai ma vaisu i ponokalafi (Bradley et al., 2016; Grubbs, Exline et al., 2015) . Atonu o le fa'alelotu ma le fa'aogaina e le tagata lava ia fa'afitauli fa'aoga ponokalafi e feso'ota'i fa'afeagai, ae o lena talitonuga fa'alelotu e le va'aia e le tagata lava ia le fa'aogaina o ponokalafi fa'afitauli i le aluga o taimi.
O la tatou fua fa'alelotu o le amio, e lua o fesili e tolu o lo'o fesiligia e uiga i amioga fa'alelotu fa'apitoa (tatalo ma le auai i le lotu). Fuafuaga fa'alelotu e fa'aitiitia le taula'i atu i amioga fa'alelotu ae sili atu i fa'asinomaga fa'alelotu po'o le fa'atasi ma fa'apotopotoga fa'apitoa e ono iai se faiā ma le fa'aogaina e le tagata lava ia fa'afitauli fa'aoga ponokalafi. A o eseese lotu faalelotu e aoao mai e uiga i ponokalafi, faatasi ai ma nisi o aoaoga e tetee atu i ponokalafi ma isi lotu ua sili atu ona taliaina ponokalafi (Patterson & Price, 2012; Sherkat & Ellison, 1997), o tagata o lotu o loo aoao atu e tetee i ponokalafi e ono sili atu ona oo i ai. fa'aaogaina ponokalafi fa'afitauli fa'apitoa. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi o talitonuga faʻalelotu ma uiga e uiga i ponokalafi e tatau ona mafaufau o le faailoaina poʻo le faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma lotu faʻapitoa atonu o se fuataga sili atu ona mataʻina o le faʻalelotu nai lo le fuaina o amioga faʻalelotu lautele, e pei o le tasi na tatou faʻaaogaina iinei.
E tusa ai ma le talitonuga a Perry's (2017a,b), o tagata lotu o loʻo faʻaaogaina ponokalafi e faʻateleina le faʻalavelave e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi ma e sili atu le vaʻaia o latou faʻaogaina ponokalafi o se faʻafitauli e le gata ona o latou lotu ae ona latou te talitonu o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi e amio mama. sese. Atonu o le tele o tagata lotu i la matou faataitaiga e le talitonu o le faaaogaina o ponokalafi e sese le amio, e lei oo i le le ogatasi faalelotu, ma o lea e le sili atu nai lo le itiiti ifo o tagata lotu e lipoti mai e le tagata lava ia le faaaogaina o ponokalafi faafitauli. Ae ui i lea, o faʻamaumauga faʻamaumauga na matou faʻaogaina e leʻi i ai faʻamatalaga e uiga i talitonuga o tagata auai e uiga i le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi e talia lelei, o lea o lenei faʻamatalaga e taumatemate.
O le leai o se mafutaga i le va o tapuaiga ma le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia o ponokalafi faʻafitauli i a tatou suʻesuʻega e ofo ai. E ui ina sa matou fa'aogaina se fua fa'atatau o le fa'alelotu, o le fa'asoasoaina o le fa'alelotu i la matou fa'ata'ita'iga sa fai si bimodal (silasila i le Ata 3 mo se histogram). Atonu o lenei tufatufaga o tapuaiga i lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga na aʻafia ai a matou auʻiliʻiliga, ma o taunuuga o le a ese i se faʻataʻitaʻiga lea na mulimulitaʻi ai le tapuaiga i se tufatufa masani. Po o le a lava le mafuaaga, i lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻalelotu ma faʻafitauli faʻafitauli faʻafitauli faʻaoga ponokalafi e le fesoʻotaʻi.
Fa'alelotu ma fa'afia ona fa'aogaina ponokalafi
Fa'alelotu i le laina fa'avae na valoia le fa'aogaina o ponokalafi i le 6 masina mulimuli ane mo tane, ae le mo fafine, e fa'ailoa mai ai o le fa'aogaina e ali'i, ae le o fafine, e a'afia i le fa'alelotu. O lenei suʻesuʻega e ogatasi ma suʻesuʻega a Perry ma Schleifer (2017) na maua ai o le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻalelotu naʻo alii Paʻepaʻe ae le o alii lanu poʻo tamaitai. I la matou faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le tele o tagata faʻalelotu na sili atu ona faʻaaogaina ponokalafi, e ui o isi suʻesuʻega na maua ai o le tele o tagata lotu e le mafai ona matamata i ponokalafi (Perry & Schleifer, 2017; Short, Kasper, & Wetterneck, 2015) poʻo le lotu e le o. e faatatau i le faaaogaina o ponokalafi (Goodson, McCormick, & Evans, 2000). O le fesoʻotaʻiga faʻatasi i le va o faʻasalalauga faʻavae ma le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi i masina 6 sa lelei mo tane (r¼.21, vaʻai Laulau 6 mo faʻamaopoopo uma i le va o fesuiaiga), faʻapea o le taofiofia o se faʻamatalaga e le masani ai (Maassen & Bakker, 2001). O mafuaaga, mo alii, o le maualuga o tapuaiga na valoia le faateleina o le tele o le faaaogaina o ponokalafi e le o manino, ona o le tele o lotu e aoao e tetee i le faaaogaina o ponokalafi (Sherkat & Ellison, 1997). Atonu o le tele o alii lotu na faaaoga ponokalafi e suitulaga i amioga feusuai faapaaga ona sa latou manatu e sili atu ona taliaina. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona mafaufau o le faʻalelotu atonu e sili atu ona aʻafia ai le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi i alii nai lo tamaitai ma i nisi o faʻataʻitaʻiga e mafai ona fesoʻotaʻi lelei le faʻaaogaina o lotu ma ponokalafi.
E tusa ai ma la matou faʻataʻitaʻiga, e leai se sootaga i le va o le taimi na lipotia e le tagata lava ia na faʻaalu i le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi ma le lagona o se tasi e matamata tele i ponokalafi pe faʻamalosi i le 3 masina. O manatu o le soona faaaogaina o ponokalafi ma le soona faaaoga o ponokalafi e le faapea e fesootai ma le tele o le taimi e faaalu e se tagata e matamata ai i ponokalafi. E mafai e tagata ona vaai ia i latou lava o loʻo faʻaaogaina ponokalafi pe faʻamalosi aʻo faʻaalu sina taimi e matamata ai i ponokalafi, ma o tagata e faʻaalu le tele o le taimi e matamata ai i ponokalafi atonu e le talitonu latou te matamata tele i ponokalafi pe faʻamalosi (Gola et al., 2016). O lenei faʻaiʻuga o loʻo faʻatusalia ai suʻesuʻega talu ai o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi ma le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia o faʻafitauli faʻaoga ponokalafi o ni fausaga maʻoti (Grubbs, Wilt, Exline, Pargament, & Kraus, 2018; Grubbs et al., 2010; Vaillancourt-Morel et al., 2017) .
Fa'aaogaina ponokalafi fa'afitauli ma fa'ailoga fa'anoanoa
O tamaloloa na lipotia mai le tele o faʻafitauli faʻavaivai i le laina faʻavae e sili atu ona faʻaaogaina ponokalafi i le 3 masina ona lipotia ai lea o faʻamaoniga sili atu i le 6 masina. O lenei suʻesuʻega e faʻamuamua ai le faʻaogaina o le faʻaaogaina tele ma faʻafitauli faʻafitauli e faigata ona faʻavae, ae o loʻo ogatasi ma suʻesuʻega e taʻu mai ai o le faʻaaogaina e le tagata lava ia o ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le atuatuvale (Grubbs, Stauner et al., 2015). O le mauaina o tamaloloa na lipotia mai le tele o faʻafitauli faʻafitauli i le laina faʻavae e sili atu ona faʻamaonia le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi faʻafitauli i le 3 masina ona lipotia ai lea o faʻafitauli faʻafitauli i le 6 masina e ogatusa ma le talitonuga a Joiner o le atuatuvale, lea e faʻapea o tagata e lagona le atuatuvale e masani ona auai. i amioga e faʻaauau ma faʻaleagaina ai lo latou atuatuvale (Joiner, Metalsky, Katz, & Beach, 1999; Joiner & Metalsky, 1995). O tamaloloa e sili atu a latou faʻafitauli faʻanoanoa atonu e sili atu ona latou faʻaogaina ponokalafi i auala latou te iloa o ni faʻafitauli ona oʻo ai lea i le faʻateleina o faʻamaoniga o le atuatuvale ona o se taunuuga.
O le sootaga i le va o le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia faʻafitauli faʻafitauli ponokalafi ma faʻafitauli faʻafitauli na sili atu ona tuusaʻo i fafine, ona o faʻafitauli faʻavaivai i le laina faʻavae e leʻi vaʻaia ai le faʻaogaina tele o ponokalafi poʻo le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi faʻamalosi i 3 masina. O a matou suʻesuʻega e faʻaalia ai le faʻamuamua faaletino o le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia faʻafitauli faʻafitauli ponokalafi aʻo leʻi faʻateleina faʻafitauli faʻavaivai i fafine. I se isi faaupuga, o fafine na lipotia mai faʻafitauli faʻafitauli i le laina faʻavae e le sili atu pe itiiti foi le lipotia o le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi faʻafitauli i le 3 masina, ae o fafine na lipotia le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi faʻafitauli i le 3 masina na lipotia mai ai faʻafitauli faʻafitauli i 6 masina. . O fafine e faʻaogaina ponokalafi i auala latou te manatu o ni faʻafitauli atonu latou te le faia ona o loʻo i ai a latou faʻafitauli faʻavaivai. E faʻapea foʻi, o le faʻaaogaina tele o ponokalafi i masina 3 na faʻaalia ai faʻafitauli maualuga atu i le 6 masina mo alii, e ogatasi ma suʻesuʻega talu ai o le lagona e faʻaaogaina e se tasi ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi ma lagona o le atuatuvale (Corley & Hook, 2012; Grubbs, Stauner et al., 2015). ; Patterson & Price, 2012; Perry, 2017b).
O le fa'aogaina e le tagata lava ia o le fa'aogaina o ponokalafi ma le fa'aogaina o ponokalafi
O tamaitai na lipotia mai le maualuga o le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi faʻafitauli i le 3 masina na lipotia mai le itiiti ifo o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina i le 6 masina. O le faʻaaogaina e le tagata lava ia faʻafitauli ponokalafi e leʻi vaʻaia le tele o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi i alii, e ese mai i suʻesuʻega talu ai na maua ai o le faʻaogaina e le tagata lava ia o ponokalafi faʻafitauli faʻaogaina e vaʻai ai le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi i le taimi i alii talavou (Kohut & Stulhofer, 2018). O tamaitai na iloa o latou ponokalafi o loʻo faʻaaogaina e avea ma faʻafitauli atonu na faʻaititia le tele o a latou faʻaoga ponokalafi. E ui lava o lenei faʻamatalaga e taumatemate, e ogatusa ma le talitonuga o tusitusiga faʻafeusuaiga, lea e faʻapea o amioga faʻafeusuaiga e aʻafia e tusitusiga poʻo mamanu e aʻoaʻoina e tagata mai tu ma aga masani, ala o faasalalauga, ma aafiaga patino (Gagnon & Simon, 1973). O tusitusiga faʻafeusuaiga e mafai ona faʻafeusuaiga, faʻatasi ai ma fafine e faʻamoemoeina e masani ona itiiti ifo feusuaiga nai lo alii, sili atu le faʻaeteete i le faia o feusuaiga, ma faʻaitiitia le fiafia i ponokalafi (Garcia & Carrigan, 1998; Wiederman, 2005). E tusa ai ma le talitonuga o tusitusiga faʻafeusuaiga, o fafine e vaʻaia a latou ponokalafi o loʻo faʻaaogaina o se faʻafitauli e ono oʻo i feeseeseaiga i le va o tusitusiga faʻafeusuaiga faʻale-aganuʻu ma a latou amioga ma e ono suia a latou amio ina ia ogatasi ma tusitusiga faʻafeusuaiga faaleaganuu. O tusitusiga faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga e mafai ona faʻamatalaina pe aisea e faʻaaogaina ai e tamaitai, ae le o alii, oe na talitonu o latou faʻaoga ponokalafi na faʻafitauli na lipotia ai le faʻaitiitia o taimi faʻaoga ponokalafi 3 masina mulimuli ane.
Ole tele ole fa'aoga o ponokalafi ile taimi
Ole tele ole fa'aogaina o ponokalafi ile laina fa'avae na valoia le tele o taimi ole fa'aoga ponokalafi ile 6 masina mo fafine, ae le mo alii. Atonu o le mautu o le faaaogaina o ponokalafi o le a le matua ese lava le eseesega i le va o alii ma tamaitai i se vaitaimi umi atu, ae i totonu o lo tatou 6-masina, o le faaaogaina o ponokalafi ua tuanai o le faailoga sili lea o le faaaogaina o ponokalafi i le lumanai mo tamaitai. O le fa'aogaina o ponokalafi e le mautu a tama e mafai ona fa'ailoa mai ai le tele o se va'aiga fa'apitoa po'o le fa'alagolago i tulaga ma le fa'aogaina o ponokalafi. O nei suʻesuʻega e mafai ona faʻamatalaina e Seidman's (2004) faʻamatalaga o le faʻaogaina e tamaʻitaʻi o ponokalafi i le nofo toʻatasi faʻatasi ma le masturbation. O le faʻaogaina e tamaʻitaʻi e faʻalagolago i tulaga e mafai ona mafua mai i le naʻo le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi pe a latou iloa o le a naʻo i latou. O taunuʻuga a Seidman na faʻamatalaina ai le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi a fafine e sili atu le fesoʻotaʻiga i le natura, o loʻo faʻaalia ai o le faʻaogaina o ponokalafi a fafine e sili atu ona fesoʻotaʻi ma a latou mafutaga faʻafeusuaiga faapaaga (Seidman, 2004). Ona o le mautu o le faaaogaina e tamaitai o ponokalafi, atonu e sili atu ona talafeagai le faaigoaina o ponokalafi o le faaaogaina o “uiga e pei o” mo tamaitai—o se vaega taua o uiga ma foliga. Mo tane, o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi e faʻasolosolo ma faʻaitiitia ma e le o faʻaalia ai se uiga lautele.
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