Le Aafiaga o Ponokalafi i Tamaiti. American College of Pediatricians (Oketopa 2015)

Kolisi Amerika o Pediatricians

Faʻaaliga: O le American College of Pediatricians o loʻo talanoa mai e uiga i le afaina o ponokalafi faʻaogaina mo tagata gasegase.

FAIA: O le mauaina ma le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi ua avea toetoe lava soʻo i soʻo se mea i tagata matutua ma talavou. O le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le tele o faʻaletonu o lagona, mafaufau, ma le soifua maloloina faaletino.

E aofia ai le faʻateleina o fua o le faʻanoanoa, popolevale, faʻatinoina o amioga faʻasauā, talavou o feusuaʻiga, feusuaʻiga, faʻatuputeleina le aʻafia o le maʻitaga o talavou, ma se vaaiga faʻaletonu i le va o aliʻi ma fafine. Mo tagata matutua, o ponokalafi e mafua ai le faʻateleina o le ono teteʻa ma e afaina ai foʻi tamaiti. O le American College of Pediatricians o loʻo unaʻia le au polofesa tau soifua maloloina e faʻafesoʻotaʻia tulaga lamatia o ponokalafi faʻaaoga i tagata mamaʻi ma o latou aiga ma ia ofoina atu mea uma e lua e puipuia ai tamaiti mai le matamataina o ponokalafi ma ia togafitia tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo aʻafia i ona leaga aafiaga.

O ponokalafi e mafai ona faauigaina o "le faaalia o amioga mataga (faaalia o feusuaiga i ata po o tusitusiga) lea ua faamoemoe e mafua ai le fiafia i feusuaiga" i le tagata maimoa.¹ I le sefulu tausaga ua tuanaʻi, sa faʻateleina ai le faʻaopoopoga o ata ponokalafi o loʻo avanoa uma mo tagata matutua ma tamaiti. O le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina ua tupu tele ona e faigofie ona maua, gafatia, ma le faʻailoaina. E mafai ona maua aua e na o ni nai ki luga o le Initaneti. E taugofie aua o le tele o 'upega tafaʻilagi e ofaina fua ponokalafi e maunuʻi tagata maimoa i a latou' upega tafaʻilagi. O isi 'upega tafailagi e na o le tuʻuina atu o isi pati vitio ma aua le totogia le tagata maimoa mo' upega tafaʻilagi. E le faʻailoaina aua e mafai ona vaʻaia i totonu o le fale o le tagata. Leai se toe manaʻoga e asiasi i se tagata matutua tusi faleʻoloa poʻo le lotoifale fale mataaga XXX.

E ui o le aofaiga tonu o tupe maua o pisinisi a ponokalafi e gaosia i lenei atunuu e le manino, o le auaunaga i le Initaneti Ua fuafuaina e le Feagaiga Covenant tupe maua a le 2012 US e tusa ma le $ 8 piliona.² Ua faʻatatauina talu mai le 2007, o le maualalo o tupe maua na teena e 50%³, ae o lenei faʻaititia e ono mafua mai i le mauaina o sili atu maua fua ponokalafi ponokalafi ae le o le atoa faʻaititia o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina. I le 2008, le Initaneti ma kamupani faʻatau maketi Leai na lipotia mai o lalolagi uma 40,634 'upega tafaʻilagi faʻasoa faʻasalalauga.⁴

O ai na te faʻamaonia ponokalafi ma le pogai e tatau ai i Pediatrics ona Manatua

O se suesuega a le 2014 Barna Group na faʻaalia ai faʻamatalaga faʻamaonia e uiga i ponokalafi na faʻaaogaina e tagata matutua Amerika:⁵

Faatasi ai ma alii 18-30 tausaga, 79% na matamata i ponokalafi i le masina ma le 63% e matamata i ponokalafi sili atu ma le tasi i le vaiaso.
Faatasi ai ma alii 31-49 tausaga, 67% na matamata i ponokalafi i le masina ma le 38% e matamata i ponokalafi sili atu ma le tasi i le vaiaso.
Faatasi ai ma alii 50-68 tausaga, 49% na matamata i ponokalafi i le masina ma le 25% e matamata i ponokalafi sili atu ma le tasi i le vaiaso.
Faatasi ai ma fafine 18-30 tausaga, 34% na matamata i ponokalafi i le masina ma 19% e matamata i ponokalafi e sili atu ma le tasi i le vaiaso.
Faatasi ai ma fafine 31-49 tausaga, 16% na matamata i ponokalafi i le masina ma 8% e matamata i ponokalafi sili atu ma le tasi i le vaiaso.
Faatasi ai ma fafine 50-68 tausaga, 5% na matamata i ponokalafi i le masina ma 0% e matamata i ponokalafi sili atu ma le tasi i le vaiaso.

O faʻamatalaga faʻafuainumera e tutusa i va o vaitausaga laiti. O se tusitusiga 2008 i le Lautusi o le Autalavou Suesuega faʻaalia o 67% o alii talavou ma 49% o tamaitai talavou na maua ponokalafi taliaina.⁶ O ata mataga i tamaiti ma tamaiti ua toeititi lava aʻafia i soʻo se mea. I le 2010 suʻesuʻega o tamaiti aʻoga Igilisi i le va o le 14 i le 16 tausaga le matua, toeititi atoa le tasi vaetolu fai mai o la latou muamua faʻaalia i Initaneti ponokalafi na i le 10 tausaga pe laiti ifo.⁷ I se suʻesuʻega 2011, 31% o tama talavou na talia le asiasi atu i tuatusi saite na faʻamoemoeina o le Adult Only.⁸ O se suʻesuʻega tele a tagata talavou Amerika ua faaalia mai o 51% o tane ma 32% o fafine na latou fai mai ua latou matamata i ata ponokalafi mo le taimi muamua ao leʻi oʻo i 13 tausaga.⁹ I se suesuega a 2012 Ausetalia e uiga i ponokalafi, o tamaloloa sa masani ona faʻaalia i ponokalafi na latou fai mai o lo latou feiloaiga muamua o le va o le 11 i le 13 tausaga.¹⁰ O faʻamaumauga tutusa na faamaumauina i se suesuega 2009 i le Tala o le Soifua Maloloina o le Autalavou lea na maua ai 85% o tama talavou ma 50% o tamaʻitaʻi talavou na faʻaalia i ata mataga.¹¹ E manino lava, o ponokalafi ua salalau solo i totonu o Amerika i ona po nei sosaiete. O suʻesuʻega, peitaʻi, ua amata ona faʻamatalaina lona aʻafiaga i tamaiti, talavou, ma tagata matutua.

O tamaiti aʻoga i nisi o taimi e faʻaalia i ponokalafi le faʻafuaseʻi pe a latou matamata i mea i le Initaneti.¹² E mafai foi ona latou faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma faʻamatalaga mataga a le matua po o le tagata matua.¹³ O tagata feusuaʻiga tau feusuaʻiga ua faʻaalia ma le faʻaalia fanau laiti i ponokalafi mo le faʻamoemoe o le teuteuina o tamaiti mo le faʻaleagaina o feusuaiga.¹⁴ O ponokalafi e faʻaalia i nei talavou matutua e masani lava ona tupu ai le popole mo le tamaititi.¹⁵ E lipotia mai foi e tamaiti lagona o le le fiafia, faateia, maasiasi, ita, fefe, ma le faanoanoa pe a uma ona matamata i ponokalafi.¹⁶ O nei tamaiti e mafai ona pagatia uma auga o le popole ma le faʻanoanoa. Atonu e ono faʻananau i latou i le faʻatinoina o amioga faʻafeusuaiga a tagata matutua na latou vaʻaia, ma o lenei mea e mafai ona matua faʻalavelave ma faʻalavelave ai i uo a le tamaititi o loʻo molimauina pe afaina ai i lenei amioga. Tamaiti i lalo o le sefululua tausaga le matutua na matamata i ponokalafi e sili atu ono faʻamataʻu faʻafeusuaiga latou uo.¹⁷ I le aotelega, o tamaiti e faʻaalia i ponokalafi e ono lamatia ai le tele o amioga faʻafeusuai ma le mafaufau.

Aafiaga o Ponokalafi Faʻaalia ma Faʻaaoga

O aʻafiaga o ponokalafi na faʻaalia i talavou matutua ma talavou matutua na faʻamaumauina i se faʻasologa o suʻesuʻega na faia e Dolf Zillman ma Jennings Bryant i le 1980's. E tele mea taua e taua ai le taua o le Zillman / Bryant. Muamua, na latou pulea faʻataʻitaʻiga suʻesuʻega feagai ma le faʻailoaina malamalamaaga i ponokalafi mea, e ese mai i le faigofie faʻataʻitaʻiga suʻesuʻega e uiga i ponokalafi faʻaaliga ma uiga. Lona lua, sa faia ae le i oʻo i tausaga o Initaneti ponokalafi, o lea o tagata auai ono ono maua le faʻaalia o ponokalafi faʻatusatusa i le averesi talavou matutua i aso nei. O nei suʻesuʻega na aʻafia ai le suʻeina o tamaiti aʻoga o le kolisi ma tamaiti aʻoga e le o kolisi mai le afioʻaga. O mataupu i le vaega faʻataʻitaʻi na matamata i ata ponokalafi mo le vaitaimi e ono vaiaso, ae o le vaega faʻatonutonu na faʻaalia i ata masani ma ata televise i le vaitaimi lava e tasi. Mulimuli ane, na fesiligia sui auai i ni faʻasologa o fesili e iloilo ai o latou uiga e uiga i faiā ma aiga mataupu.¹⁸

O faʻamatalaga nei na maitauina e uiga i talavou matutua ua faʻaalia i ponokalafi pe a faatusatusa atu i le vaega o loʻo pulea:¹⁹^,²⁰

O tamaʻitaʻi na faʻaalia le faateleina o le faalumaina i tamaitai.
O mataupu na manatu o le solitulafono o le faia o feusuaʻiga e le mamafa.
O mataupu na sili atu ona taliaina le le faia o feusuaiga ma faigaaiga faʻafeusuaiga e pei o le tautala tautala ma le faʻaalia.
O mataupu na sili atu ona fiafia i ituaiga sili ona ogaoga ma leaga o ponokalafi.
O mataupu e foliga mai e le faamalieina i latou i a latou paaga feusuaiga.
Mataupu na sili atu ona taliaina le le faamaoni i feusuaiga i totonu o se mafutaga.
Mataupu e faʻapitoa i le faaipoipoga ma e faalua ona talitonuina o le faaipoipoga atonu ua le toe aoga.
Na maua e tamaloloa se manaʻoga faʻaitiitia mo tamaiti, ma na maua e tamaitai se faʻaititia o le manaʻo ia maua se tama teine.
O mataupu na faaalia ai se taliaina sili atu o le fausiaina o tamaʻitaʻi.

E i ai le faʻamaoniga o le taliaina e le sosaiete o ponokalafi faʻafitauli tulaga ese mo tamaitai. O le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi e mafai ona faʻatupuina ai uiga vevesi ma le faʻasauā i fafine. O tama e 'aʻai ponokalafi e tele lava ina faʻaaogaina le talitonuga faʻamalosi o le toso teine, o fafine ia e mafua ai le faʻamalosi teine poʻo le fiafia moni foʻi i le toso teine poʻo le faʻamalosi faʻafeusuaiga.²¹^,²² O loʻo i ai le faʻamaoniga malosi o le faʻafefe i ponokalafi leaga e fesoʻotaʻi ma amio feusuaʻiga i le tauleʻaleʻa²³ ma alii matutua.²⁴ E taatele i ata tifaga mataga le faʻaalia o le vaʻaia ma le faʻafeusuaiga o tamaʻitaʻi faapea foi ma feusuaiga lea e matua faʻaleagaina ai tamaitai.²⁵ Mo le tupulaga talavou, o le matamata i luga o faʻasalalauga faʻasalalau faʻateleina le faʻatupulaia o le avanoa e sili atu nai lo le tasi le paaga feusuaʻiga i le tolu masina mulimuli ma mo le faʻaaogaina o le ava malosi ma fualaau faʻasaina i taimi o feusuaiga.²⁶ O le mea lata mai nei o le feusuaiga a le tupulaga (o le auina atu o ata feusuaʻiga manino, ata, feau tusitusia po o imeli e faʻaaogaina ai masini feaveaʻi) e fesootaʻi ma faʻataʻitaʻiga o ponokalafi.²⁷ Mo tamaʻitaʻi, o le matamata i ponokalafi e ono iʻu ai i le faia faʻamalosi e se paʻaga tama. E faʻaalia lea ile faʻateleina o le auai ile faiaiga feusuaʻi e fafine na maimoaina ata mataga e ui lava ile faʻamaumauga ole toʻatele o fafine e manatu e le malie le itupa ole itupa.²⁸

Initaneti o vaisu o ata mataga o se mataupu o loʻo tulaʻi mai e amata ona suʻesuʻe e le neuroscientists. O se suʻesuʻega muamua i suʻesuʻega JAMA Fomaʻi o loʻo faʻaalia ai o le faʻamalosia o ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaitiitia o le maualuga o le faiʻai i totonu o le saʻo saʻo, faʻaitiitia le faʻamalosia o le gataifale, ma le tuʻuina atu o le fesoʻotaʻiga i le pito i luma.²⁹ O le tusitusiga faʻaalia o maualuga ponokalafi taumafaina e fesoʻotaʻi ma laʻititi efuefu mea voluma i le au maimoa, ma e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaititia o le faiʻai tali i mea leaga. O nei neural suiga i faiʻai o ponokalafi tagata faʻaaoga e le faʻamaonia mafuaʻaga ae latou te tutusa ma suiga vaaia i faiʻai o tagata faʻananau i cocaine, ava malosi, ma methamphetamines, ma o lenei faʻatasiga o se tasi auala sili atu masani ponokalafi faʻaata faʻaata le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau faʻasāina. .³⁰ O nei faʻamatalaga faasaienitisi e o gatusa ma suʻesuʻega na maitauina i se suesuega a le 2012 Ausetalia i ponokalafi e faʻaalia ai le 20% o tagata masani faʻafeusuaiga pono e sili atu le fiafia i le matamata i ponokalafi ona o le feusuaʻi ma se tagata moni.³¹ O le maitauina o tamaloloa ponokalafi e avea ma vaisu ia latou gaioiga-feusuaiga ma le fiafia i tamaitai moni o loʻo manino manino le afaina i sootaga ma sosaiete.

O ponokalafi faʻaaoga e talavou ma talavou matutua e masani ona taitai atu ai i se le malamalama vaaiga o feusuaiga ma lana matafaioi i le faafaileleina maloloina soifua maloloina sootaga. O nei faʻasesega e aofia ai le soʻona faʻatauaina o le taatele o amioga faʻafeusuaiga i totonu o le afioʻaga, o le talitonuga o feusuaʻiga le faʻamaoni e masani ai, ma le talitonuga o feusuaiga faʻamama e le maloloina.³² O nei manatu atonu o le a sili atu ona faigata mo tupulaga talavou ona fausia ni sootaga tumau, ma anoa ma le isi itupa, lea o le a mafua ai ona sili atu le atuatuvale, atuatuvale, ma le leai o se faamalieina.³³

O ponokalafi ei ai se aafiaga le lelei i le faaipoipoga ma le umi o le nonofo faʻatasi o ulugalii, ma atili ai ona faʻafitauli i le teteʻa poʻo le faʻamavae, ma o lenei mea e aʻafia ai le soifua maloloina mo tamaiti o aafia ai.³⁴ O le faaaogaina o ponokalafi i le talaaga o le faaipoipoga e tele naʻo le tane; o le ava o se tasi e auai, auai ma le le fiafia i ponokalafi e faaaoga pe ua matua le malamalama lava i le faaaogaina patino e le tane o ponokalafi.³⁵ Tamaʻitaʻi e i ai tane poʻo tama paʻaga oe matamata ponokalafi lagona faʻalataina. Tamaʻitaʻi vaʻai i ponokalafi o se ituaiga o feusuaiga faʻailogaina o fafine. A vaʻai fafine i ponokalafi o vaʻai a latou paʻaga latou te mafai ona atiaʻe se faʻalagolago ifo o le tagata ia te ia lava, lagona o le le atoatoa, ma amata ona lagona faʻafeusuaiga le manaʻomia.³⁶ O le tele lava o le iloa e se fafine lona toʻalua po o le tama tamaititi e faʻaaoga ata ponokalafi, o le tele o le leaga o le fafine na te faʻataunuʻu lana fegalegaleaiga i le lautele ma o le maualalo ifo o ia o le a sili ona maualuga lona fiafia i feusuaiga.³⁷ E tupu lenei mea ona o se pasene taua o alii matamata tagata ponokalafi o le a atiina ae se mea e sili ona fiafia i ai mo le lalolagi o mafaufauga o ponokalafi i luga o feusuaiga masani ma a latou paaga.³⁸ Ponokalafi e mafai ona faʻamalosia ai le manatu o le puleaina faaletino o le tamaloa i luga o le fafine ma e mafai ona faʻateleina amio faʻasauā ma sauā faasaga i tamaitai.³⁹^,⁴⁰ I le 2002, na lipotia e le American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers e faapea o 56% o teteaga uma e aofia ai se tasi o pati o loo i ai se naunauga fiafia i luga o upega tafaʻilagi.⁴¹ O tamaʻitaʻi e faʻaaoga ata ponokalafi ma fafine e talia ponokalafi o le a sili atu ona talia le le faʻamaoni faaipoipo ma le nonofo faʻatasi⁴² lea e iu ai ina faʻasaʻo aiga.

iʻuga

Tamaiti mafatia i le tele leaga aʻafiaga mafua mai i aso nei sosaiete aafia ma taliaina o ponokalafi. O nei aʻafiaga le lelei e aofia ai faʻalavelave faʻalemafaufau ma le le mautonu mo le tamaititi aʻoga talavou tausaga, aofia ai le faʻatinoina ma le faʻasauā amioga. Ona o lona leaga i tamaiti, o ponokalafi e le tatau ona faʻaaogaina o se mea faigaluega e aʻoaʻo ai fanau i feusuaiga a tagata. Mo talavou matutua ma talavou matutua, ponokalafi aʻoaʻo se pepelo tala e uiga i feusuaiga a tagata ma le faʻafefea alii ma fafine fausia maloloina feusuaiga feusuaiga. O lenei mea e atili ai ona faigata mo aliʻi ma tamaʻitaʻi talavou ona fausia ni faʻamaoni, mautu fesoʻotaʻiga. Mo matua, o ponokalafi e fevaevaeaʻi e mafua ai le faʻaititia o tulaga lelei o le faʻaipoipoga ma faʻateleina ai le ono teteʻa ma teteʻa ua maeʻa lelei ona faʻamaonia e ono afaina ai tamaiti.

Pediatricians tatau ona faʻaauupegaina e talanoaina ma matua uma faʻafefea ma aisea e puipuia ai ponokalafi faʻailoa mo tamaiti uma ma matua. Talu ai o le Initaneti o le muamua auala mo ponokalafi faʻaaliga, fale komepiuta fale e tatau ona tu i nofoaga faitele (le o totonu o le tamaititi potumoe), ma faʻaauupegaina i le Initaneti faamamaina ma mataitu polokalama e faʻaititia ai le faʻaalia. E i ai le eseesega o matua faʻatonutonu ma faʻamama faiga e avanoa i matua, ma o loʻo i ai nei polokalama faʻatau polokalama ofoina atu faamamāina ma mataituina o telefoni poto lea ua avea nei ma muamua tekonolosi faʻaaoga e talavou e faʻaaogaina le Initaneti. E le gata i lea, o loʻo i ai tautua tautua e ofoina atu le agavaʻa e faʻatupu ai ni faʻapaʻaga faʻapaʻaga ina ia faʻateleina ai le alualu i luma o le tatalaina saoloto mai vaisu o ponokalafi. Tamaiti fomaʻi ma tamaiti tausi soifua maloloina e tatau ona malamalama i le leaga aʻafiaga o le salalau faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi o loʻo faia i luga o aso nei fanau ma o latou matua ma pe faʻafefea ona latou fesoasoani e taofi lenei faʻatamaʻiaina aafiaga i le aiga.

Pepa Peraimeri: L. David Perry, MD, FCP

Oketopa 2015

O le American College of Pediatricians o se fomaʻi faʻafomaʻi faʻapitoa a le fomaʻi ma fomaʻi ua laiseneina o loʻo faʻapitoa i le tausiga o pepe, fanau ma talavou. O le misiona a le Kolisi ina ia mafai ai e tamaiti uma ona ausia o latou soifua maloloina faaletino ma faalelagona lelei ma lelei.

punaoa

Initaneti Faʻamatalaga i le Initaneti: Feagaiga Vaʻavaʻa, Mobicip, Nanny Nanny, Screen Retriever, ma K9 Faʻamatalaga i le Initaneti
Ata Lelei Ata Leaga: Ata Faamaonia i Luga o Tamaiti i Aso nei saunia e Kristen Jenson ma Gail Poyner
amiolelei
provenmen.org
bravehearts.net

mau faasino

[1] www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pornography Avanoa i 6 / 4 / 15
[2] www.covenanteyes.com/2012/06/01/how-big-is-the-pornographic-industry-in-the-united-states/ Avanoa i 6 / 4 / 15
[3] Paulo M. Barrett, "O le malo fou o porn," Bloomberg Businessweek, Iuni 21,2012, http://www.businessweek.com/printer/articles/58466-the-new-republic-of-porn Avanoa i 6 / 4 / 15
[4] Bill Tancer, Kiliki: O le a le miliona o tagata o loʻo faia i luga o le initaneti ma pe aisea e taua ai (New York: Hyperion, 2008). www.covenanteyes.com/pornstats/ Avanoa i 4 / 10 / 15
[5] www.provenmen.org/2014pornsurvey/pornography-use-and-addiction Avanoa i 6 / 2 / 15
[6] Carroll, J., Padilla-Walker, L., Olson, C., Barry, C., Madsen, S., Generation XXX Ponokalafi Faʻatagaina ma Faʻaaogaina i Tagata Matutua Tutupu. Lautusi o le Autalavou Suesuega. Vol. 23, Nu. 1. Ianuari 2008, pp.6-30.
[7] www.psychologies.co.uk/parliament-investigates-online-porn Avanoa i 6 / 23 / 15
[8] www.gfi.com/documents/GFI%20_2011_parent_teen_internet_safety_report_june.pdf Avanoa i 6 / 24 / 15
[9] Michael Leahy, Porn University: O Aʻoaʻoga Aʻoga o le Kolisi o Loo Tautala e uiga i Feusuaiga i luga o le Tolauapiga (Chicago: Northfield Publishing, 2009).
[10] Katie Szittner, "O suʻesuʻega e faʻaalia ai le lalolagi lilo o vaisu o le porn," Sydney.edu. Me 10, 2012. http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=9176
[11] Braun-Courville, D. ma Rojas, M., Faʻasalaga i Upega Tafaʻilagi Faʻamatalaga Faʻafeusuaiga ma Tagata Matutua Feusuaiga Faʻaleagaga ma Faʻafitauli, Tala o le Soifua Maloloina o le Autalavou, 45 (2009) i. 156-162.
[12] Flood, Michel. Le Malamalama o Ponokalafi Faʻaalia i Tamaiti ma Tamaiti. Faʻamatalaga Faʻasalaga o Tamaiti. 2009 Vol. 18: 384-400.
[13] Ibid.
[14] Ibid.
[15] Ibid.
[16] Manning, Jill. Le Uiga o le Initaneti Ponokalafi i le Faaipoipoga ma le Aiga: O Se Iloiloga o le Suʻega. Faʻasalaga Feusuaiga ma le Faʻalosia 2006, 13: 131-165.
[17] Ibid.
[18] Zillman, D., Bryant, J., Aafiaga o le Faʻatauga Lelei o Ponokalafi i Tulaga Uiga o Aiga. Lautusi o Mataupu Faaleaiga, Vol. 9 Numera 4, Tesema 1988, pp. 518-544.
[19] Ibid
[20] Manning, Jill. Le Uiga o le Initaneti o Ponokalafi i le Faaipoipoga ma le Aiga: O Se Iloiloga o le Suesuega. Faʻasalaga Feusuaiga ma le Faʻalosia 2006, 13: 131-165.
[21] Flood, Michael. Le Malamalama o Ponokalafi Faʻaalia i Tamaiti ma Tamaiti. Faʻamatalaga Faʻasalaga o Tamaiti. 2009 Vol. 18: 384-400.
[22] Manning, Jill. Le Uiga o le Initaneti Ponokalafi i le Faaipoipoga ma le Aiga: O Se Iloiloga o le Suʻega. Faʻasalaga Feusuaiga ma le Faʻalosia 2006, 13: 131-165.
[23] Ybarra, M., Mitchell, K., Hamburger, M., Diener-West, M., ma le Leaf, P. X-Rated Material ma le Papatisoga o Amio Lelei Feusuaiga I Fanau ma le Autalavou: O Loo I Ai se Sooga? Amio Leaga Vol. 37 pp. 1-18 (2011)
[24] Hald, G., Malmuth, N., ma Yuen, C. Atakalafi ma Uiga e Lagolagoina ai Faʻasalaga i Fafine: Toe Iloiloina le Fegalegaleaiga i Suesuega Faʻataʻitaʻi, Amio Leaga Vol. 36, 2010, pp. 1065-1086.
[25] Alalaupapa, A., Wosnitzer, R., E., Sun, C., ma Liberia, R. Aggression ma Feusuaiga i le Sili-Le faatauina atu o Ponokalafi Ata: O se Faʻamatalaga Faʻamatalaga Faʻamatalaga. Faʻaleagaina o Fafine 16 (10) 2010, pp. 1065-1086.
[26] Braun-Courville, D. ma Rojas, M., Faʻasalaga i Upega Tafaʻilagi Faʻamatalaga Faʻafeusuaiga ma Tagata Matutua Feusuaiga Faʻaleagaga ma Faʻafitauli, Tala o le Soifua Maloloina o le Autalavou, 45 (2009) i. 156-162.
[27] Van Ouytsel, J., Ponnett, K., ma Walrave, M., O Fegalegaleaiga i le va o le Tauleleia o le Ponokalafi o Ponokalafi ma Musika Musika ma La Latou Feusuaiga. Cyberpsychology, Faʻaalia, ma Fesoʻotaiga Faʻalafesootai Vol. 17, Nu. 12, 2014, pp. 772-778.
[28] Tynd, T., Olsson, S., ma Haggstrom-Nordin, E., Faʻaleleia le Faʻaaogāina o Faʻamaumauga, Uiga e Felataʻi i Ponokalafi, ma Faʻasalaga Feusuaiga I Tamaʻitaʻi Aʻoga Iunivesite, Mataupu Soifua Maloloina a Tamaitai, Vol. 11, Nu. 2 Mati / Aperila 2001, pp.87-94.
[29] Kuhn, S., Gallinat, J. Brain Faʻatulagaga ma Fesootaiga Faʻatasi ma Ponokalafi Faʻatauga, JAMA Fomaʻi, Me, 2014.
[30] Ibid
[31] Katie Szittner, "O le suʻesuʻega e faʻaalia ai le lalolagi faalilolilo o mea ua fai ma vaisu vevela", Sydney.edu. Me 10, 2012. http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=9176 Avanoa i 6 / 14 / 15
[32] Zillman, D., Bryant, J., Aafiaga o le Faʻatauga Lelei o Ponokalafi i Tulaga Uiga o Aiga. Lautusi o Mataupu Faaleaiga, Vol. 9 Numera 4, Tesema 1988, pp. 518-544.
[33] Michael Leahy, Porn University: O Aʻoaʻoga Aʻoga o le Kolisi o Loo Tautala e uiga i Feusuaiga i luga o le Tolauapiga (Chicago: Northfield Publishing, 2009).
[34] www.acpeds.org/the-college-speaks/position-statements/parenting-issues/the-impact-of-family-constructure-on-the-health-of-children-effects-of-divorce Avanoa i 3 / 10 / 15
[35] Manning, Jill. Le Uiga o le Initaneti o Ponokalafi i le Faaipoipoga ma le Aiga: O Se Iloiloga o le Suesuega. Faʻasalaga Feusuaiga ma le Faʻalosia 2006, 13: 131-165.
[36] Stewart, DN, Szymanski, DM, Matutua a le Autalavou Matutua a la latou tama Faʻaipoipo Mataʻaga Faʻamatalaga Mataga Faʻaaogaina e avea o se Faʻasalaga o o latou lava manatu, Tulaga lelei o sootaga, ma le faamalieina o feusuaiga. Fegalegaleaiga o Feusuaiga, Me 6, 2012. 67: 257-271.
[37] Ibid
[38] Manning, Jill. Le Uiga o le Initaneti o Ponokalafi i le Faaipoipoga ma le Aiga: O Se Iloiloga o le Suesuega. Faʻasalaga Feusuaiga ma le Faʻalosia 2006, 13: 131-165.
[39] Zillman, D., Bryant, J., Aafiaga o le Faʻatauga Lelei o Ponokalafi i Tulaga Uiga o Aiga. Lautusi o Mataupu Faaleaiga, Vol. 9 Numera 4, Tesema 1988, pp. 518-544.
[40] Manning, Jill. Le Uiga o le Initaneti o Ponokalafi i le Faaipoipoga ma le Aiga: O Se Iloiloga o le Suesuega. Faʻasalaga Feusuaiga ma le Faʻalosia 2006, 13: 131-165.
[41] Jonathan Dedmon, "E leaga le Initaneti mo lau faaipoipoga? Faʻasinomaga i luga o le initaneti, 'oloʻo puʻeina ponokalafi faʻasalalau e sili atu le sao ile teteʻa. "Faʻasalalauga faʻasalalau mai le Dilenshnieder Group, Inc., Nov. 14, 2002. http://prnewswire.com/news-releases/is-the-internet-bad-for-your-marriage-online-affairs-pornographic-sites-playing-greater-role-in-divorces-76826727.html Avanoa i 6 / 9 / 15
[42] Carroll, J., Padilla-Walker, L., Olson, C., Barry, C., Madsen, S., Generation XXX Ponokalafi Faʻatagaina ma Faʻaaogaina i Tagata Matutua Tutupu. Lautusi o le Autalavou Suesuega. Vol. 23, Nu. 1. Ianuari 2008, pp. 6-30.

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