Pro-porn vanoita zvekuratidzira kazhinji vanotaura kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira ingano pane dzidziso yekuti vanomanikidza vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira havaoni kutsungirira (kugara, kusimuka) kana zviratidzo zvekubvisa. Kwete kudaro. Muchokwadi, kwete chete vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira uye vanachiremba vanotsungirira uye nekuzvirega, pamusoro pezvidzidzo zveCNUMX zvinoshuma zvinowanikwa zvinowirirana nekuwedzera kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira (kushivirira), kugara kune zvinonyadzisira, uye kunyange kutora zviratidzo (zviratidzo zvose nezviratidzo zvinobatanidzwa nekudhakwa).
Iri peji rine runyorwa ririkura rwezviongorori zvevezera rako-rakadzokororwa richiratidzira kubvisa zviratidzo muvanoshandisa porn. Zvakakosha kucherechedza: zvidzidzo zvishomana chete zvakanetsekana kubvunza nezvezviratidzo zvekurega - pamwe nekuda kwekuramba kwakawanda kuti variko. Asi mashoma mashoma ekutsvagisa ayo vane yakabvunzwa nezvezviratidzo zvekubvisa zvinosimbisa huvepo hwavo muvashandisi vane porn.
Ndichiri kupora vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vanowanzo shamisirwa ne kuomarara kwezviratidzo zvavo zvekubvisa mushure mekunge varega kushandisa zvinonyadzisira, chokwadi ndechekuti, kubvisa zviratidzo hakufanirwe kunge kuripo kuti munhu awanikwe akapindwa muropa. Kutanga, iwe uchawana mutauro "kana kushivirira kana kubvisa kunokosha kana kukwana kugadziriswa ..."MuDMM-IV-TR uye DSM-5. Chechipiri, huwandu hunodzokororwa zvepabonde hunoti "kunyanya" kunokonzerwa nemishonga kunokonzera kukanganisa, kutyisidzira kwekuregererwa kwezviratidzo zviratidzo zvinokanganisa chimiro chekuzvidzivirira ne uropi hunoenderana nehutano hunoshanduka. Imwe nyanzvi kubva kune iyi 2015 yekuongorora mabhuku inopa tsanangudzo yezvakagadzirwa (Neuroscience yeInternet Zvinonyadzisira Kutengesa: Kuongorora uye Kuvandudza):
Chinhu chinokosha chemukati uyu ndechekuti kubvisa hakusi nezvehupenyu hwehupenyu hunobva kune chimwe chinhu. Pane kudaro, muenzaniso uyu unoderedza kuregererwa kuburikidza nehuipi hunoitika huripo kubva pane zvakataurwa pamusoro apa. Kusava nemanzwiro akadai sekuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, dysphoria, uye kusagadzikana zviratidzo zvekuregererwa mumuenzaniso uyu wekudhakwa [43,45]. Vatsvakurudzi vanopesana nemafungiro ekuzvibata kuva muropa zvinowanzotarisa kana kusanzwisisa izvi zvakasiyana-siyana, kuvhiringidza kubvisa ne detoxification [46,47].
Mukusimbisa kuti zviratidzo zvekudzora zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo kuti uongorore kupindwa muropa, vanoratidzira-porn (vanosanganisira vazhinji maPhD's) vanoita rookie chikanganiso chekuvhiringidza kunyanya kuvimba ne kujairira. Aya mazwi haana kufanana. Pro-porn PhD uye aimbova purofesa kuConcordia Jim Pfaus akaita chikanganiso chimwe chete ichi mu 2016 chinyorwa icho YBOP chakatsoropodza: YBOP mhinduro kuna Jim Pfaus "Vimba netasayendisiti: kukanganisa zvepabonde inhema"January, 2016)
Izvozvo zvakati, tsvakurudzo yepepanhau tsvina uye dzakawanda kuzvitaura kuratidza kuti vamwe vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vanoona kushaya hanya uye / kana kubvumidza - iyo inowanzova inoenderana nekuchengetedza muviri. Ichokwadi, vekare-vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vanotaura vanoshamisa zvikuru kubvisa zviratidzo, izvo zvinoyeuchidza zvinodhaka zvinodhaka: kusuruvara, kushungurudzika, kusagadzikana, kufunganya kwemafungiro, kuora musoro, kusagadzikana, kusafungirwa zvakanyanya, kuneta, kuora mwoyo, uye kuora mwoyo kwevanhu, pamwe chete nekurasikirwa kamwe kamwe kwevanhu vanonzi 'flatline' (zvinoita kunge yakasarudzika nekubvisa porno).
Chimwe chiratidzo chemuviri kutsamira zvinotaurwa nevanoona nezvezvinonyadzisira mukutadza kuwana erection kana kuva ne orgasm pasina kushandisa porn. Tsigiro yemagetsi inomuka kubva pamusoro pe 40 zvidzidzo zvinosanganisa kushandisa zvinonyadzisira / kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kumatambudziko ezvepabonde uye zvakaderera zvemuviri (The fzvisingaiti 7 zvidzidzo muurongwa zvinoratidza causation, sezvo vatori vechikamu vakabvisa kushandiswa kwepabonde uye vakaporesa zvirwere zvepabonde zvisingaperi).
Zvidzidzo zvakanyorwa nemusi wekuburitswa
CHIDZIDZO #1: Structural Therapy NeVaviri Battling Zvinonyadzisira Zvinokonzera (2012) - Inokurukura zvose kushivirira uye kubvisa
Saizvozvowo, kushivirira kunogonawo kukura kune zvinonyadzisira. Mushure mekushandisa kwenguva refu zvekuona zvinonyadzisira, mhinduro dzekunyadzisa kune zvinonyadzisira dzinopera; kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekuona zvinonyadzisira kunowedzera uye kunogona kurasikirwa nekushandisa kwenguva refu (Zillman, 1989). Nokudaro, izvo zvakatanga kutungamirira kushoko rekugadzirisa hazvirevi kutungamirira kune imwechete yekunakidzwa kwezvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa. Izvozvi, izvo zvakamutsa munhu pakutanga zvingaita kuti zvirege kuvamutsa muzvikamu zvekare zvekusvuta kwavo. Nemhaka yokuti havakwanise kugutsikana kana kuve nekunyangarika kwavakaita kare, vanhu vanodhakwa nekuona zvinonyadzisira kazhinji vachitsvaga maitiro ezvinyorwa zvekuona zvinonyadzisira kuti vawane zvakaenzana zvinokonzera.
Semuenzaniso, kusvuta zvepabonde kunotanga nemifananidzo isingaiti zvinonyadzisira asi inokuvadza uye inogona kufambira mberi kune mamwe maitiro ekuratidza zvepabonde. Sezvo kusununguka kunopera nekushandiswa kwega kwega, munhu anenge akapindwa muropa anokwanisa kuenderera mberi kune mamwe maitiro akajeka emifananidzo yekuita zvepabonde uye kuora. Sezvo kumukira kunoderedza zvakare, muenzaniso unoenderera mberi unosanganisira kuwedzera kuenzanisira, kugadzirisa, nekuratidzwa zvakajeka zvepabonde kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzevezvenhau. Zillman (1989) inotaura kuti nguva yakareba zvinonyadzisira inoshandiswa inogona kukurudzira kufarira zvinonyadzisira zvine maitiro mashoma emhando dzepabonde (semuenzaniso, chisimba), uye inogona kuchinja maonero ehutano. Kunyange zvazvo muenzaniso uyu unofanidza izvo munhu angatarisira kuti aone nekunyadzisira kwekushungurudza, kwete vese vanoona zvinonyadzisira vanoona izvi zvinopinda mukudhakwa.
Kubvisa zviratidzo zvekuona zvinonyadzisira zvinogona kusanganisira kuora mwoyo, kusagadzikana, kuzvidya mwoyo, pfungwa dzisina kukwana, uye kuda kwazvo zvinonyadzisira. Nokuda kwezviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoitika, kuregererwa kwekusimbiswa uku kunogona kuoma zvikuru kune mumwe nomumwe uye ukama hwepedyo.
CHIDZIDZO # 2 - Migumisiro yezvinonyadzisa Shandisa (2017) - Ichi chidzidzo chakabvunza kana vashandisi vepamhepo vakawana kusagadzikana pavanenge vasingakwanise kuwana porn pa internet (chiratidzo chekubvisa): 24% vakasangana nekushushikana. Chetatu chevatori vechikamu vakatambura nemhedzisiro yakaipa ine chekuita nekushandisa kwavo zvinonyadzisira. Zvishandiso:
Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechokuwana sayenzi uye kuenzanisa kwechimiro kune rudzi rwekushandiswa kwevanhu veSpain, nguva yavanoshandisa pakudhakwa kwakadaro, kusanganisa kwakaipa kune munhu uye kuti kushungurudzika kunokanganiswa sei kana zvichibvira kusvika kune iyo. Chidzidzo chacho chine muenzaniso wevashandisi vepaIndaneti (N = 2.408). Chirongwa che 8-chimwe chinhu chakagadzirwa kuburikidza nepepaiti yepaIndaneti inopa ruzivo uye mazano epfungwa pamusoro pemigumisiro inokuvadza yekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandisa. Kuti kuve nekuparadzirwa pakati pevanhu veSpanish, kuongororwa kwakasimudzirwa kuburikidza nehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye nhau.
Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti chikamu chetatu chevatori vechikamu chakanga chava nemigumisiro yakaipa mumhuri, mune zvekugara, mune zvidzidzo kana mumamiriro ekushanda. Mukuwedzera, 33% yakapedza maawa akawanda anopfuura 5 akabatana nechinangwa chepabonde, achishandisa zvinonyadzisira semubairo uye 24% vane zviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo kana vasingakwanisi kuwirirana.
CHIDZIDZO #3: Kunze kwekudzora kushandiswa kweInternet nekuda kwepabonde sekuita zvekuita zvekusangana? - Chidzidzo chiri kuuya (chakaratidzwa ku4th International Musangano pamusoro peZvibodzwa Kuwedzerwa Kukadzi 20-22, 2017) iyo yakabvunza nezvekushivirira uye kubvisa. Izvo zvakawana zvese mu "vapindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira."
Anna Ševčíková1, Lukas Blinka1 naVerkaka Soukalová1
1Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Mhemberero uye zvinangwa:
Kune mhirizhonga inoramba ichienderera mberi kana hutsika hwepabonde hwakawanda hunofanira kunzwisiswa sechimiro chekuita zvinodhaka (Karila, Wéry, Weistein et al., 2014). Chidzidzo chezvino chekudzidzira chinangwa chekuongorora kushandiswa kwokuti kushandiswa kwekutengesa kweInternet nekuda kwepabonde (OUISP) kunogona kuumbwa nemafungiro ekunyadzisa kwevanhu kune avo vakanga vari kurapwa nekuda kweOUISP yavo.
Nzira:
Takaita hurukuro yakadzika nevatori vechikamu 21 vane makore 22-54 (Mage = 34.24 makore). Kushandisa tsanangudzo yekuongorora, makiriniki ezviratidzo zveOUISP akaongororwa nemitemo yekuita zvinodhaka, nechinonyanya kukoshesa kushivirira uye kubvisa zviratidzo (Griffiths, 2001).
Results:
Izvo zvinetso zvinotambudza zvakange zviri kunze kwekudzivirira paIndaneti zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandisa (OOPU). Kuvaka kuvhiringidzika kune OOPU kwakazviratidza semuwandu huwandu hwepanguva inoshandiswa pawebsite dzepabonde uye nekutsvaga zvitsva nezvimwe zvepabonde zvinotsanangurwa zvepabonde mukati mezvisizvo zvisingasviki. Kurega zviratidzo zvakazviratidza pachavo pahutano hwepfungwa uye hutora nzira yekutsvaga zvimwe zvinhu zvepabonde. Vadzidzi gumi nemashanu vakazadza zvose zvinodhaka zvekutengesa.
Mhedziso:
Chidzidzo chacho chinoratidza kubatsira kwehutsika hwehutano hwehutano
CHIDZIDZO #4: Kuvandudzwa Kwezvinetso Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandiswa Kuwedzera (PPCS) (2017) - Iri pepa rakagadziriswa nekuyedza chinetso chekushandisa porno mibvunzo yakateedzerwa mushure mekushomedzerwa kwezvinodhaka zvemibvunzo. Kusiyana nezvakamboitika pakupfuura bvunzo kupindwa muropa, uyu 18-chinhu bvunzo akaongorora kutsungirira uye kubvisa uchishandisa inotevera 6 mibvunzo:
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Mubvunzo wega wega waikoswa kubva pamumwe kuenda kunomwe pachikero cheLikert: 1- Hazvina kumboitika, 2- Kazhinji, 3- Dzimwe nguva, 4- Dzimwe nguva, 5- Kazhinji, 6- Kazhinji, 7- Nguva Dzese. Iyo graph iripazasi yakarongedza vashandisi vanoita zvinonyadzisira mumapoka matatu zvichienderana nehuwandu hwavo: "Nonprobelmatic," "Yakaderera njodzi," uye "Ari munjodzi." Iyo tambo yemutsara inoratidza haina matambudziko, zvinoreva kuti "Njodzi Yakadzika" uye "Ari mungozi" vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vakashuma kutsungirira uye kubvisa. Taura zviri nyore, chidzidzo ichi chakanyatso kubvunza nezve kukwira (kushivirira) uye kubvisa - uye zvese zviri kutaurwa nevamwe vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira. Kupera kwekupokana.
CHIDZIDZO #5: Kugadziridza nekugadziriswa kweBergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale neGree National Sample (2018). Iri pepa rakagadzira uye rakayedza "bvumirano yebonde" mibvunzo yekubvunzurudzwa yakateedzerwa mushure memibvunzo yekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Sokutsanangura kwakaita vanyori, mibvunzo yemubvunzo yapfuura yakasiya zvinhu zvakakosha zvekupindwa muropa.
Zvizhinji zvidzidzo zvekare zvakavimbika pane zvidzidzo zvechipatara zviduku. Chidzidzo chezvino chinopa nzira itsva yekuongorora kurara kwepabonde-Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale (BYSAS)-yakagadziriswa pakugadzirisa zvinokonzerwa nemishonga (kureva, shungu / kuda, mafungiro ekugadzirisa, kushivirira, kubvisa, kupesana / matambudziko, nekudzokazve / kurasikirwa yekutonga).
Vanyori vanowedzera pamusoro pematanhatu matanhatu ekugadzirisa zvinodhaka zvinongororwa, kusanganisira kushivirira uye kubvisa.
IWESAS yakashandiswa kushandisa mitemo mitanhatu yekurapa yakasimbiswa Brown (1993), Griffiths (2005), uye American Psychiatric Association (2013) inosanganisira kusaririra, kushandurwa kwemweya, kushivirira, zviratidzo zvekubvisa, kunetseka uye kudzoka / kurasikirwa kwekutonga…. Panyaya yekupindwa muropa nebonde, izvi zviratidzo zvingave: slide / kuda-Ku-kufunga nezvepabonde kana kurara pabonde, mafungiro ekuchinja-Kuita zvepabonde zvakanyanya kunokonzera kuchinja mumanzwiro, kubvumidza-Huwandu hwekuita zvepabonde pane nguva, kushaya hanya-kusagadzikana mupfungwa / zviratidzo zvepanyama pausina kuita zvepabonde, kukakavara-Inter- / intrapersonal zvinetso semugumisiro wakananga wepabonde zvakanyanya, kudzokerazve-Kudzokera kumapurogiramu apfuura mushure memazuva nekudzivisa / kutonga, uye matambudziko-Hutano hwakanaka uye hukama hwakanaka hunokonzerwa nekuita zvepabonde zvepabonde.
Izvo zvakakurumbira "zvinodhaka zvepabonde" zvikamu zvakaonekwa muzvinyorwa zvaive kusagadzikana / kuchiva uye kushivirira, asi zvimwe zvikamu, kusanganisira kubvisa, zvakaratidzirawo kusvika padiki diki:
Kuziva / kuda uye kushivirira kwaiwanzobvumirwa kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro pane zvimwe zvinhu, uye zvinhu izvi zvaiva nepamusoro-soro kubhadhara. Izvi zvinoratidzika sezvinonzwisisika sezvo izvi zvinoratidza zviratidzo zvisinganyanyi kuoma (semuenzaniso, mubvunzo pamusoro pekuora mwoyo: vanhu vanowedzera zvakanyanya pakuora mwoyo, saka vanoronga kuzviuraya). Izvi zvinogona kuratidzawo kusiyana pakati pekutengesa uye kusagadzikana (zvinowanzoonekwa mumutambo wekutsvaga mamiriro ezvinhu) -kuti zvinhu zvakakonzera ruzivo pamusoro pekunyengedza, kuda, kushivirira, uye mafungiro ekugadziriswa zvinoratidzira kuratidza kubatanidzwa, asi zvinhu zvinotora kubvisa, kudzokerazve uye kukakavhiringidza zvimwe addiction. Imwe tsananguro inogona kunge iri kuti kushuva, kuda, uye kushivirira zvinogona kuva zvakakosha uye zvakakurumbira mune zvinodhaka zvekuita pane kupotsa nekudzoka zvakare.
Ichi chidzidzo, pamwe neyepfuura 2017 chidzidzo icho chakagadzira uye chakasimbisaZvinetso Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandiswa Zvishoma, ”Anoramba zvinotaurwa zvinowanzotaurwa zvekuti vakapindwa muropa nemhombwe havaone mwoyo murefu kana zviratidzo zvekurega.
CHIDZIDZO #6: Teknolojia-yakagadziriswa maitiro ekurwisa ndiwo maitiro akasiyana asi akajeka: A network view (2018) -Kuongorora kwakaongorora kuwanda pakati pemhando ina dzekupindwa muropa kwetekinoroji: Internet, smartphone, mutambo wemitambo, cybersex. Takawana kuti yega yega ndeye kupindwa muropa kwakasarudzika, asi zvese zvina zvine chekuita nezviratidzo zvekubvisa - zvinosanganisira cybersex kupindwa muropa. Excerpts:
Kuti uongorore zvinonzi hypothesis uye kuva nezviratidzo zvakafanana zvekombiji yega-yega yehutano hunoitwa, wekutanga uye wekupedzisira munyori akabatanidza chinhu chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvinotevera ne "classical" zvirwere zvinodhaka: zvinoramba zvichishandiswa, mafungiro ekugadzirisa, kurasikirwa kwekutonga, kufungidzira, kubvisa, uye migumisiro yekombiyuta-yakagadziriswa maitiro ekurapa akaongororwa achishandisa zviratidzo zvakabva kune Kuongororwa uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (5th ed.) Uye chikamu chekudhakwa: Indaneti, smartphone, kutamba, uye yepaIndaneti.
Pakati-mamiriro emiganhu anowanzobatana zviratidzo zvakafanana kuburikidza neIndaneti zvirwere zvinodhaka. Semuyenzaniso, Internet addiction kushaya hanya zviratidzo zvaibatanidza kushaya hanya zviratidzo zveimwe mimwe mamiriro ezvinhu (kutamba mitambo, smartphone inodhaka, uye inodyidsex muropa) uye zvakaipa migumisiro yeInternet kusvuta kwaivawo yakabatana nematambudziko migumisiro yezvimwe zvinhu zvose.
CHIDZIDZO #7: Kuwanda, Maitiro uye Kuzviona Kuzviona Kuona Zvinonyadzisira Kushandiswa muPolish University Vadzidzi: A Cross-Sectional Study (2019). Chidzidzo chacho chakarondedzera zvinhu zvose zvinorehwa neansayers hazvisipo: kuvhiringidzika / kugara, kuwedzera kwekushandiswa, kunoda zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyanya kukanganisa kuita zvepabonde, kubvisa zviratidzo pavanorega, zvinetso zvepabonde zvinokonzera zvinonyadzisira, zvinodhaka zvepabonde, nezvimwewo. Zvishoma zvinyorwa zvine chokuita nekushivirira / kugara / kuwedzera:
Zvinonyanya kuonekwa zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro yakaipa yekuona zvinonyadzisira zvinosanganisira: chidimbu chekukurudzira kwenguva yakareba (12.0%) uye zvimwe zvinokonzera zvepabonde (17.6%) kuti zvive nechegasm, uye kuderera mune kugutsikana kwepabonde (24.5%) ...
Izvo zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvinoratidzawo kuti kutarisana kwepakutanga kunogona kusanganiswa nekugona kuita zvekuita zvekuita zvepabonde sezvinoratidzwa nechido chekukurudzira kwenguva refu uye nezvimwe zvekuita zvepabonde zvinodiwa kuti zvizosvika kanagasm kana zvichishandisa zvinhu zvakajeka, uye zvakanyanya kuderera mukugutsikana kwepabonde ....
Kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kwekuona zvinonyadzisira kunoshandiswa kuitika munguva yekutsvaga nguva yakataurwa: kuchinja kumhando yerudzi rwezvinhu zvakajeka (46.0%), kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingafananidzi zvepabonde (60.9%) uye dzinoda kushandisa zvinhu zvakanyanya zvakanyanya (zvechisimba) (32.0%). Ikokupedzisira kwaiwanzorehwa nevakadzi vanozviona sevanoda kufananidzwa neavo vanozvifunga ivo sevasingadi
chidzidzo chezvino chakawana kuti chidimbu chekushandisa zvakanyanyisa zvinhu zvekuona zvinonyadzisira zvaiwanzorehwa nevanhurume vachizvitsanangura pachavo sechisimba.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekushivirira / kuwedzera: vanoda multiple multiple tabs yakazaruka uye vachishandisa zvinonyangadza kunze kwemusha:
Ruzhinji rwevadzidzi vakabvumirwa kuti vashandise nzira yega yega (76.5%, n = 3256) uye mahwindo akawanda (51.5%, n = 2190) paunenge uchiongorora zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti. Kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kunze kwekugara kwakaziviswa ne33.0% (n = 1404).
Pakave nemakore ekutanga kushandiswa kwakabatana nezvinetso zvakakura uye kusagadzikana (izvi zvakananga zvinoratidza kushivirira-habituation-escalation):
Zera rokutanga kutarisana nezvinhu zvakajeka zvakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekukanganisa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira kune vechidiki-yepamusoro-soro yakawanikwa kune vakadzi nevanhurume vakaparadzaniswa pamakore 12 kana pasi. Kunyangwe chidzidzo chemuchinjikwa hachibvumiri kuongororwa kwechikonzero, kuwanikwa uku kungaratidza kuti kubatana kwevana nehutano hwepabonde kungave nemigumisiro yenguva refu ....
Chidzidzo chacho chakataura kubvisa zviratidzo, kunyangwe mune vasingamiriri (chiratidzo chaicho chekupindwa muropa-nechokuchinja kwehuropi):
Pakati pevaya vakaongororwa vakazviti ivo variko vanoona zvinonyadzisira vatengi (n = 4260), 51.0% yakabvuma kuita kamwechete kuedza kuregera kushandisa pasina chinyararire muhuwandu hwekuedza uku pakati pevarume nevakadzi. 72.2% yeavo vanoedza kurega kushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira zvakaratidza ruzivo rwechimwe chiitiko chinoshamwaridzana, uye chinowanzoonekwa chakabatanidza kurota kunokonzera (53.5%), kusagadzikana (26.4%), kunyanya kunetseka (26.0%), uye pfungwa kusurukirwa (22.2%) (Tafura 2).
Debunking kudai kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akagara asati aripo ndeechokwadi chaiwo, kwete kushandiswa kwepabonde, chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti unhu hweunhu hwakanga husiri hunoenderana nemigumisiro:
Nezvimwe zvakasiyana, hapana humwe hwehunhu, hwainge hwakazvirondedzera pachidzidzo ichi, hwakasiyanisa zvikamu zvakadzidzwa zvekuona zvinonyadzisira. Izvi zviwanikwa zvinotsigira pfungwa yekuti kupinda nekufumurwa kwevanyadzisi iripo nyaya dzakawandisa kutaurisa chero hunhu hwepfungwa dzevashandisi vayo. Zvisinei, zvakataurwa zvinonakidza zvakaitwa pamusoro pevatengi avo vakaratidza chido chekuona zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa zvehuwandu hwepabonde. Sezvinoratidzirwa, kushandiswa nguva dzose kwezvinhu zvakajeka zvingangobatanidzwa nekusava nehanya kunotungamirira kudikanwa yekuona zvimwe zvakanyanyisa zvehupenyu kuti uwane kufanana kwakafanana kwepabonde.
CHIDZIDZO #8: Kubvisa kana Kubvuma? A Case Series yeVarume Zviitiko Nenzira Kupindira Kuzviremedza-Kunetseka Dambudziko Rekuona Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandiswa (2019) - Iro pepa rinoshuma zviitiko zvitanhatu zvevanhurume vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira apo vaipindwa nepurogiramu yekupindira (kufungisisa, matanda ezuva nezuva uye cheke-vhiki kutarisa-ins). Nyaya dzese dzakaratidzika kubatsirwa nekufungisisa. Inokodzera pane iyi runyorwa rwezvidzidzo, 3 yakatsanangura kukwira kwekushandiswa (kwekugara) uye imwe yakatsanangurwa kubvisa zviratidzo. (Kwete pazasi - mamwe maviri akashumwa porn-indured ED.)
Anobvisa pane imwe nyaya achibvisa zviratidzo zvekubvisa:
Perry (22, P_akeh_a):
Perry akanzwa kunge asisina simba pamusoro pekushandisa kwake zvinonyadzisira uye kuti kuona zvinonyadzisira ndiyo chete nzira yaaigona kubata nekugadzirisa manzwiro, kunyanya kutsamwa. Akasaririra kubuda kushamwari nedzemhuri kana akasiya zvinonyadzisira kwenguva yakareba, yaakarondedzera senguva yemavhiki anenge 1 kana 2 mavhiki.
Zvakataurwa kubva ku3 zviitiko zvinotaurira kukwira kana kugara:
Preston (34, M_aori)
Preston akazvizivisa neSPPPU nekuti aive aine hanya neiwo nguva yaaipedza achiona uye achivhenekera kuona zvinonyadzisira. Kwaari, kuona zvinonyadzisira kwakawedzera kupfuura kungoita zvekunakidzwa uye zvasvika padanho rekuti zvinonyadzisira ndiwo waiva musimboti wehupenyu hwake. Akataura achiona zvinonyadzisira kwemaawa akawanda pazuva" , uye kutora mari yakakura yenguva pakuchengeta yake online wepamhepo munharaunda inozivikanwa paInternet Porn, "
Patrick (40, P_akeh_a)
Patrick akazvipira kutsvagurudzo iripo nekuti aive aine hanya nezvenguva yeiyo nguva yekuona kwake zvinonyadzisira, pamwe nemamiriro aivemo aaiona. Patrick nguva zhinji akatarisa zvinonyadzisira kwemaawa akati wandei panguva achisiya mwanakomana wake achiri mudiki asina hanya mumba yekutandarira kutamba uye / kana kuona terevhizheni…
Peter (29, P_akeh_a)
Peter aive nehanya nemhando yezvinhu zvinonyadzisira zvaaidya. Akakwezvwa neanonyadzisira anoitwa kuti afanane nezviito zvokubata chibharo. Tanowedzera kuratidza chokwadi nezveicho chiitiko, kuwedzera kukurudzira kwaakataura paakamboona. Peter akanzwa zvaaida chaizvo pakumona zvinonyadzisira zvaive kutyora kwetsika nehunhu zvaakazvibata iye ...
CHIDZIDZO #9: Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvekupindwa muropa necybersex mune vanhu vakuru (2019) - MuSpanish, kunze kwekunge kune chinhu chinorambidzwa. Avhareji zera raive makumi matanhatu neshanu. Inowana zvakawanikwa zvinotsigira zvakakwana muitiro wekupindwa muropa, kusanganisira 24% yakabikwa zviratidzo zvekubvisa kana usingakwanise kuwana porn (kusagadzikana, kusagadzikana, kushungurudzika, nezvimwewo). Kubva pane abstract:
Nekudaro, chinangwa cheiri basa raive rakapetwa: 1) kuongorora kuwanda kwevakuru vakuru vari panjodzi yekukudziridza kana kuratidza iyo pathological nhoroondo yekushandiswa kwe cybersex uye 2) kukudziridza chimiro chechiratidzo nezviratidzo zvinoratidzira mune iyi huwandu. Vatori vechikamu ve538 (77% varume) pamusoro pemakore 60 zera (M = 65.3) vakapedzisa huwandu hwepamhepo maitiro ezvepabonde zvepamhepo. 73.2% vakati vakashandisa iyo Internet nechinangwa chebonde. Pakati pavo, 80.4% vakazviita nekuvaraidza nepo 20% yakaratidza njodzi yekushandisa. Pakati pezviratidzo zvikuru, chakanyanya kuwanda kwaive kufunga kwekukanganiswa (50% yevatori vechikamu), kushandisa> maawa mashanu pasvondo paInternet nekuda kwekuita bonde (5%), ziva kuti vanogona kunge vachizviita zvakanyanya (50%) kana kuvapo kwezviratidzo zvekuregera (kusagadzikana, kusagadzikana, kushushikana, nezvimwewo) (51%). Iri basa rinoratidzira kukosha kwekuona kwepamhepo njodzi dzepabonde muboka rakanyarara uye kazhinji kunze kwekupindira kwekusimudzira kwehutano hwepamhepo hwepabonde.
CHIDZIDZO #10: Iyo Kuongororwa Kwematambudziko eInternet Zvinonyadzisira Shandisa: Kuenzanisa Kwezviyero zvitatu neNzira dzakasanganiswa (2020) - Munguva pfupi yapfuura chiChinese chidzidzo ichi kuenzanisa nekurongeka kwematatu evanofarira kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Akabvunzisisa vashandisi makumi matatu matatu nevanoona nezvekurapa, uye akaongorora 3 zvidzidzo. Zvakawanikwa zvinowanikwa:
- 27 ve 33 vakabvunzurudzwa akataura nezve kubvisa zviratidzo.
- Gumi neshanu vevabvunzurudzwa akataura nezvekukwira kusvika kune zvakawandisa.
Girafu yevakabvunzurudzwa 'ratidziro iwo matanho matanhatu ebvunzo remubvunzo wehupombwe iyo yakayedza shiviriro uye kubvisa (iyo PPCS):
Yakanyanya kurongeka pamibvunzo mitatu yaive "PPCS" iyo inoteedzerwa mushure memibvunzo yekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Kusiyana nemamwe maviri emibvunzo, uye zvakapfuura bonde kupindwa muropa bvunzo, izvo PPCS inoongorora kushivirira & kubvisa. An exerpt inotsanangura kukosha kwekuongorora kutsungirira uye kubvisa:
Iyo yakanyanya robot psychometric zvivakwa uye yakakwirira yekuzivikanwa kurongeka kwePPCS inogona kunge ichikosha nenyaya yekuti yakagadziriswa zvinoenderana neyeGriffiths's-chikamu chechikamu chechimiro chechimiro chekupindwa muropa (kureva, zvakasiyana nePPUS uye s-IAT-zvepabonde). Iyo PPCS ine yakasimba kwazvo dzidziso, uye inoongorora zvimwe zvikamu zvekupindwa muropa [11]. Kunyanya, kushivirira uye kubvisa zvinzvimbo zvakakosha zvehupfumi IPU isingaongorwe nePPUS uye s-IAT-zvepabonde.;
Vanobvunzana vanoona kubviswa sechinhu chakajairika uye chakakosha chekunetsa dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira:
Izvo zvinogona zvakareredzwa kubva Mufananidzo 1 kuti vese vazvipiri uye varapi vakasimbisa kusimbisa kwenyonganiso, kudzokorora uye kushaya hanya muIPU (kutsigira kudzokorora kwekutaurwa); panguva imwe chete, ivo vakaremera shanduko yekushandura, kudzokorora uye kushaya hanya sezvakanyanya kukosha mune zvinetso shandisiro (kuseta iwo akakosha chiyero).
CHIDZIDZO #11: Zviratidzo zveDambudziko Rekuona zvinonyadzisira Shandisa mune Sampula Yekurapa Kufunga Uye Kurapa Varume Vasina Kufungisisa: A Network Approach (2020) - Dzidzo inoshuma kubvisa uye kushivirira muvanoshandisa porn. Muzvokwadi, kubvisa uye kushivirira zvaive zvikamu zvepakati pezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira.
Yakakura-yakawanda online sampiki ye 4,253 varume ( M zera = Makore 38.33, SD = 12.40) yakashandiswa kuongorora chimiro chechiratidzo chePPU mumapoka maviri akasarudzika: rinotarisirwa boka rekurapa ( n = 509) uye kwete-inofungidzirwa kurapwa boka (n = 3,684).
Maitiro epasi rese ezviratidzo haana kusiyana zvakanyanya pakati pekurapwa kurapwa uye mapoka asina kurangarirwa. Masango maviri ezviratidzo akaonekwa mumapoka maviri, ne yekutanga kusanganisa inosanganisira kusimuka, kushandurwa kwemweya, uye zvinonyadzisira shandisa frequency uye yechipiri kusangana kunosanganisira kupokana, kubvisa, kudzokerazve, uye kushivirira. Mumatanho emapoka ese ari maviri, kusagadzikana, kushivirira, kubvisa, uye kukakavara kwakaonekwa kunge zviratidzo zvepakati, nepo zvinonyadzisira kushandisa frequency ndicho chiratidzo chakanyanya kupora.. Nekudaro, kushandurwa kwemood kwaive nenzvimbo yepakati mune yekufungidzirwa kurapwa kwetiweki uye nzvimbo yekuwedzera yeiyo mune isina-kutaridzirwa kurapwa kwewebhu network.
CHIDZIDZO #12: Properties yeiyo Inonetsa Dzinonyadzisira Consume Scale (PPCS-18) munharaunda uye subclinical samples muChina neHungary (2020)
Mumatanhatu emasampula 'network, kubvisa yaive iyo yakanyanya kati nzvimbo, nepo kushivirira yaivewo nzvimbo yepakati mune subclinical yevanhu' network. Mukutsigira idzi fungidziro, kubvisa kwakazivikanwa nekufungidzira kwepamusoro mumaseti ese (Chinese munharaunda varume: 76.8%, Chinese subclinical varume: 68.8%, nevarume venharaunda yeHungary: 64.2%).
Centrality fungidziro yakaratidza kuti subclinical shuwa zviratidzo zvepakutanga zvaive kubvisa uye kushivirira, asi chete iyo yekubvisa dunhu yaive iri nzvimbo yekutanga mune mbiri nharaunda samples.
Zvinopindirana nezvakamboitwa zvidzidzo (Gola & Potenza, 2016; Mudiki et al., 2000), zvakaipisisa hutano hwepfungwa zviyero uye zvimwe zvinomanikidza maitiro ehupombwe zvakabatana neakakwira PPCS mamaki. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti zvingave zvakanaka kufunga nezvechishuwo, hutano hwepfungwa, uye kushandiswa kwekumanikidza kuongorora uye kuongorora PPU (Brand, Rumpf et al., 2020).
Pamusoro pezvo, kufungidzira kwemazana mashanu muzvinhu zvitanhatu zvePPCS-18 kwakaratidza kubvisa sechinhu chakanyanya kukosha mune ese matatu samples. Zvinoenderana nesimba, kuswededzwa, uye pakati pekushushikana kwezvibodzwa pakati pevanyori vechikamu, kushivirira kwakapawo chakakosha, kuve kwechipiri kungobvisa. Izvi zviwanikwa zvinoratidzira kuti kubvisa uye kushivirira kwakanyanya kukoshesa mune vanhu vasina humwari. Kushivirira uye kubviswa kunoonekwa senzira yomuviri ine chekuita nezvekupindwa muropa (Himmelsbach, 1941). Pfungwa sekushivirira uye kubvisa zvinofanirwa kuita chikamu chakakosha chekutsvaga mune ramangwana muPPU (de Alarcón et al., 2019; Fernandez & Griffiths, 2019). Griffiths (2005) yakaratidza kuti shiviriro uye zvekusiya zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kuve zviripo kune chero hunhu hunofungidzirwa kuti hunodhakwa. Wedu ongorora anotsigira pfungwa yekuti kubvisa uye kushivirira masheti kwakakosha kiriniki yePPU. Zvinoenderana nemaonero aReid (Reid, 2016), humbowo hwekushivirira uye kubvisa muvarwere vane hunhu hwekumanikidza kugona kuita hunhu hwakakosha mukutarisa kusagadzikana kwepabonde maitiro ekupinda muropa.
CHIDZIDZO #13: Matatu Kuongororwa kweKunetsa Hupombwe (PH); Ndedzipi Mitemo Inofanotaura Kubatsira-Kutsvaga Maitiro? (2020) - Kubva pamhedziso:
Mhedzisiro huru yenyaya iyi inoratidza kuti "Maitiro Akashata", ane zviratidzo zvitanhatu, anonyanya kufungidzira nezvekuwana rubatsiro rwePH. Zvechinhu ichi, isu tinonyatsoda kutaura nezve "Kurega" (kuve nekutya uye kusagadzikana) uye "Kurasika kwemufaro". Kukosha kwezviratidzo izvi pakusiyanisa PH kubva kune mamwe mamiriro kwave kufungidzirwa [23,28] asi haina kumbobvira yagadziriswa nehunyanzvi hwekutsvagisa
Kunyangwe paine zvikanganiso zvataurwa, isu tinofunga kuti uku kutsvagira kunobatsira kumunda wekutsvaga kwePH uye nekutsvaga kwemaonero matsva (ane dambudziko) maitiro ehupombwe munharaunda. Tinosimbisa izvozvo kutsvagurudza kwedu kwakaratidza kuti "Kubvisa" uye "Kurasikirwa nemufaro", sechikamu che "Negative Mhedzisiro" chinhu, inogona kuve yakakosha zviratidzo zvePH (dambudziko rehupombwe). Kune rimwe divi, "Orgasm frequency", sechikamu che "Zvepabonde Chido" chinhu (chevakadzi) kana secovariate (yevarume), haina kuratidza simba rekusarudzika kusiyanisa PH kubva kune mamwe mamiriro. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti kune ruzivo rwematambudziko nehupombwe, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kutarisa zvakanyanya pa "Kurega", "Kurasikirwa nemufaro", uye zvimwe "Zvinokanganisa" zvehupombwe, uye kwete zvakanyanya pahuwandu hwepabonde kana "kunyanya kuita zvepabonde" [60] nekuti zvinonyanya kuve "Negative Mhedzisiro" izvo zvine hukama nekuona hupombwe seunonetsa.
CHIDZIDZO #14: Izvo Zvinonyadzisira "Kudzorerazve" Chiitiko: Kuongorora Kwakakodzera kweMagariro Ekuzvidzivirira paInternet Zvinonyadzisira Abstinence Forum (2021) - Rakanaka pepa rinoongorora zvinopfuura zana kudzoreredza zviitiko uye kuratidza izvo vanhu vari kuitiswa pamaforamu ekudzoreredza. Inopokana nezvakawanda zvinoparadzirwa pamusoro pemaforamu ekudzosa (senge zvisina maturo zvekuti vese vanonamata, kana vane hukasha hwekuchengeta urume, nezvimwewo). Pepa inoshuma shiviriro uye kubvisa zviratidzo muvarume vari kuyedza kurega porn. Zvinoshanda zvinyorwa:
Rimwe dambudziko rekutanga-rinoonekwa rine chekuita nezvinonyadzisira rinoshandisa zviratidzo zvine chekuita nezvekupindwa muropa. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira kutadza kutonga, kufungisisa, kushuva, kushandisa senzira yekushomeka yekushomeka, kurega, kushivirira, kushungurudzika pamusoro pekushandisa, kushomeka kwekushanda, uye kuenderera kwekushandisa zvisine migumisiro yakaipa (semuenzaniso, Bőthe et al., 2018; Kor et al., 2014).
Kurega zvinonyadzisira kwaionekwa kunge kwakaoma zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudyidzana kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye ezvakatipoteredza, uye kuratidzwa kwekupindwa muropa-senge zviitiko (kureva., kubvisa-sezviratidzo, kuda, uye kurasikirwa kwekudzora / kudzokerazve) panguva yekurega (Brand et al., 2019; Fernandez et al., 2020).
Dzimwe nhengo dzakashuma kuti ivo vakaona kuwedzera kwakashata kunokanganisa panguva yekurega. Vamwe vakadudzira izvi zvakashata zvine hukama panguva yekurega sechikamu chekuregera. Hunhu husina kunaka kana hwepanyama izvo zvakadudzirwa sekuti (zvinogoneka) "kubvisa zviratidzo" zvaisanganisira kushushikana, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kushushikana, "hutsi hwehuropi," kuneta, kutemwa nemusoro, kushaya hope, kusagadzikana, kusurukirwa, kushungurudzika, kutsamwa, kushushikana, uye kudzikisira kukurudzira. Dzimwe nhengo hadzina kungoerekana dzafunga kuti zvakaipa zvinokonzereswa nekubvisa asi yakazvipira zvimwe zvikonzero zvekukanganisa manzwiro, senge zviitiko zvisina kunaka zvehupenyu (semuenzaniso, "Ndinozviona ndichishatirwa zviri nyore mazuva matatu apfuura uye handizive kana riri basa kushungurudzika kana kubvisa ”[046, 30s]). Dzimwe nhengo dzakafungidzira kuti nekuti ivo vaimbove vachishandisa zvinonyadzisira kudzikisira zvisizvo zvemanzwiro, aya manzwiro ainzwikwa zvakanyanya panguva yekurega (semuenzaniso, "Chikamu changu chinoshamisika kana aya manzwiro akasimba nekuda kwekutanga zvekare" [032, 28 makore]). Zvinonzwisisika, avo vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemasere nematanhatu vaive nemukana wekutaura zvakashata panguva yekurega kana zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mapoka maviri emakore, uye iwo makore makumi mana zvichikwira vaive nemikana yekuzivisa zviratidzo zvekuregera zvichienzaniswa ne mamwe mapoka maviri emakore. Kunyangwe hazvo kunobva aya manzwiro akashata (kureva, kubvisa, zviitiko zvisina kunaka zvehupenyu, kana kuwedzera mamiriro epfungwa ane hukama), zvakaratidzika kunge zvakaomera nhengo kuti dzikunde nenjodzi dzinokanganisa panguva yekurega kana kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kuzvirapa manzwiro aya asina kunaka. .
CHIDZIDZO #15: Zvitatu Zviratidzo zveDambudziko Rehupombwe; Ndedzipi Mitemo Inofanotaura Kubatsira-Kutsvaga Maitiro? (2020) - Kushivirira uye kubvisa zviratidzo zvaive zvine hukama ne "dambudziko rehupombwe" (bonde / porn kupindwa muropa), asi chishuwo chepabonde chakange chisina basa.
Izvo zvinhu Mhedzisiro isina kunaka uye Zvakanyanya kufungidzirwa kusangana nekudiwa kwerubatsiro, ine Negative Mhedzisiro seyakakosha fungidziro kune vese vakadzi nevarume. Ichi chinhu chaisanganisira, pakati pevamwe, kubvisa zviratidzo uye kurasikirwa nemufaro.
Kunyangwe paine zvikanganiso zvataurwa, isu tinofunga kuti uku kutsvagira kunobatsira kumunda wekutsvaga kwePH uye nekutsvaga kwemaonero matsva (ane dambudziko) maitiro ehupombwe munharaunda. Isu tinosimbisa kuti ongororo yedu yakaratidza kuti "Kubvisa" uye "Kurasikirwa nemufaro", sechikamu che "Negative Migumisiro" chinhu, inogona kuve yakakosha zviratidzo zveF. Kune rimwe divi, "Orgasm frequency", sechikamu che "Zvepabonde Chido" (chevakadzi) kana secovariate (yevarume), haina kuratidza simba rekusarura kusiyanisa PH kubva kune mamwe mamiriro. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti kune ruzivo rwematambudziko nehupombwe, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kutarisa zvakanyanya pa "Kurega", "Kurasikirwa nemufaro", uye zvimwe "Zvakaipa Mhedzisiro" yehupombwe, uye kwete zvakanyanya pakuwandisa kwepabonde kana "kunyanya kuita zvepabonde"[60] nekuti zvinonyanya kuve "Negative Mhedzisiro" izvo zvine hukama nekuona hupombwe seunonetsa. Kubva pane ongororo yazvino, tinokurudzira kuisa zvinhu zvinotarisana nehunhu izvi muchiyero chePH.
Humwe humbowo hwekushivirira: Kunyanya kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye kudzikira chishuwo chebonde kwakabatana pamwe nekuda rubatsiro kune "dambudziko rehupombwe".
CHIDZIDZO #16: Pamhepo Bonde Kupindwa muropa: Ongororo Yemhando Yezviratidzo muKurapwa-Varume Vanotsvaga (2022) -Kudzidza kwakanaka pamakumi maviri nematatu ane dambudziko vashandisi vanotsvaga kurapwa. Yakawana humbowo hwekushivirira uye kubvisa. Kubva pakudzidza:
“Muchidzidzo chedu, ruzivo rwezviratidzo izvi rwaive rwakajairika. The kushivirira kunoratidzwa sekuwedzera nguva yakatsaurirwa kuchiitiko chinonetsa, ichiwedzera chido chekusundira miganhu yezvinonzi zvakachengeteka, uye kunyanya sekuwedzera kwehukasha hwezvinhu zvinopedzwa zveerotic. Erotic zvemukati dzimwe nguva zvaisvika pamazinga ekuve padyo neparaphilic content. Zvisinei, vatori vechikamu pachavo havana kuzviona sevaparaphics kana kuti zvinyorwa zveparaphilic (kureva, kukurudzira maitiro ekuita zvepabonde anotarisa kune vasingabvumiri vamwe) kwaiva kuda kwavo zvepabonde. Uyezve, nguva dzekuwedzera kubatikana muchiitiko ichi dzaigara dzichikwidziridzwa nenguva dzekuderera kwekuita kwe erotic zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kukurudzira kumutsa. Mhedzisiro iyi yakanzi satiation yenguva pfupi (39). Nezvezviratidzo zvokurega, zvairatidza sekutambudzika kuduku—kutya, kushatirwa, uye, apo neapo, zviratidzo zvomuviri nemhaka yokusagadzikana.”
"Kazhinji, zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kuwedzera manzwiro, sekutya uye kusakwanisa kuisa pfungwa, uye kuwedzera kushatirwa / kushushikana, izvo zvakabuda pavakatadza kuona zvinonyadzisira, vakatadza kuwana chinhu chakaringana chepabonde, uye vasina kuvanzika kwekuita bonhora."
CHIDZIDZO #17: Kuregera uye kushivirira sekune chekuita nekumanikidzira kuita zvepabonde kusagadzikana uye dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira - Preregistered study based on a national represented sample muPoland (2022)
Zvose kubvisa uye kushivirira zvakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nekuoma kweCSBD uye PPU. Pakati pe21 yemhando yezviratidzo zvekusiya zvakaongororwa, zviratidzo zvinowanzotaurwa zvaiwanzo fungwa dzepabonde izvo zvaive zvakaoma kumira (kune vatori vechikamu vane CSBD: 65.2% uye nePPU: 43.3%), yakawedzera kukwezva kwese (37.9%; 29.2%), yakaoma kudzora mwero wechishuwo chepabonde (57.6%; 31.0%), kushatirwa (37.9%; 25.4%), kuchinja kwemaitiro nguva nenguva (33.3%; 22.6%), uye matambudziko ekurara (36.4%; 24.5%).
mhedziso
Shanduko dzine chekuita nemafungiro uye kumuka kwakawanda kwakacherechedzwa muchidzidzo chazvino kwakafanana neboka rezviratidzo mune yekubvisa syndrome inorongerwa kubhejera kusagadzikana uye internet gaming kusagadzikana muDSM-5. Chidzidzo ichi chinopa humbowo hwekutanga pane isingadzidziswe musoro, uye zvawanikwa zviripo zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakosha pakunzwisisa etiology uye kupatsanurwa kweCSBD nePPU. Panguva imwe chete, kutora mhedziso pamusoro pekukosha kwekiriniki, kuongororwa kushandiswa uye hunhu hwakadzama hwekusiya zviratidzo uye kushivirira sechikamu cheCSBD nePPU, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinopindwa muropa nehunhu, zvinoda kumwe kutsvagisa.
Chidzidzo #18 [Chidzidzo chine mubvunzo] Mhedzisiro ye7-Day Yezvinonyadzisira Period paKurega-Inoenderana Zviratidzo muVashandisi Venguva Dzose Vanonyadzisira: Chidzidzo Chinodzorwa Chisina Kurongeka.
Kuzvinyima mhedzisiro kunogona kuratidza kana paine musanganiswa wePPU [dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira] uye yakakwira FPU [kuwanda kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira]
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