UPDATES pane iyi American Association yeAdiction Medicine chiziviso:
- Chirwere chekuongorora chirwere? Nyika inonyanya kushandiswa kurapwa kwekurapa, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), ine itsva yekuongorora akakodzera kunyadzisira kunetseka: "Kunyanya Kuita Zvepabonde Zvirwere. "
- Zvinonyadzisira / kurara pabonde? Peji ino inonyora 39 neuroscience-based studies (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, hormonal). Vanopa rubatsiro rwakasimba pamushambadziro wekutsvaga zvinodhaka sezvo zvavakawana zvinongoratidzira zvakawanikwa neurological inonzi muzvinhu zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
- Ichokwadi nyanzvi 'maonero panyaya yekuona zvinonyadzisira / zvepabonde? Urongwa urwu hune 16 yazvino zvinyorwa zvekuongorora & zvinyorwa nedzimwe nyanzvi dzepamusoro dzenyika munyika. Zvose zvinotsigira mufananidzo wezvinodhaka.
- Zviratidzo zvekudhakwa uye kukura kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyanyisa? Pamusoro peongororo makumi matatu dzichitsvaga zvakawanikwa zvinowirirana nekuwedzera kwekushandisa kwepabonde (kushivirira), kugara kune zvinonyadzisira, uye kunyange kubvisa zviratidzo.
IAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine inotaura kuti kuita zvepabonde zvinodhaka ndezvechokwadi sezvinodhaka zvinodhaka
Chiitiko chikuru chakaitika munzvimbo yekupindwa muropa nesainzi uye kurapwa. Vanyanzvi veAmerica vekupindwa muropa neAmerican Society yeAddiction Medicine (ASAM) vachangoburitsa kutsvaira kwavo tsanangudzo itsva yekudhakwa. Iyi dudziro nyowani inogumisa gakava pamusoro pekuti bonde uye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira ndezve "kupindwa muropa chaiko." Vari.
Kubva ku ASAM press release:
Iyi dudziro nyowani yakabva mukuita kwakasimba, makore mana emakore neanopfuura makumi masere masayendisiti achishandira pairi, kusanganisira vepamusoro masimba ekuremekedza, vanachiremba vekupindwa muropa nevarapi uye vanotungamira vatsvagiri veeuroscience vanobva kudunhu rese. … Makumi maviri emakore ekufambira mberi kweiyo neurosciences akagonesa ASAM kuti kupindwa muropa kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa nezviri kuitika muuropi.
Zvichida ASAM yakaita, muchidimbu, nekuti varapi vepfungwa vari kuongorora DSM (iyo American Psychiatric Association's Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders) anga ari vachikwevera tsoka dzavo mukuunza iri kuuya DSM-5 mukuyanana pamwe nekufambira mberi mune hunhu kupindwa muropa nekutsvagisa. Pachivanhu, iyo DSM inopa kuongororwa kwakavakirwa kwete pachirwere chepasi, asi pane zvinyorwa zvemaitiro. Sezvo vanyori veDSM vasingakwanise kubvumirana pane runyorwa rwemaitiro ehupombwe ayo anoumba "Hypersexuality Disorder" (iyo inotarisana nekumanikidza kushandisa porn), ivo vakagumburwa. Muchokwadi, ivo vanogona kudzinga kusagadzikana kune zvinyorwa-Zvakanaka seIndaneti zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa pakati pevakomana vaduku vari kuuya inenge yose yepasi rose. (ONA: Izvi zvakanyorwa isati yauya DSM-5 yakasarudza kugadzira iyo "behaunzenza hunodhaka chikamu".)
ASAM Tsanangudzo
Mukupesana ne, shanduro ye ASAM, . Iko kubvuma kuti kuita zvepabonde (semuenzaniso, kuona Internet zvinonyadzisira zuva nezuva) kunogona kuva humbowo hwehurwere muhuropi hwemunhu mumwe pasina kuratidza hutachiona mune hwomumwe.
Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti zvose zvinokonzerwa nemitemo uye makemikari zvinosanganisira kuchinja kukuru kwakadaro muuropi kutomy uye physiology. An Asam mutauriri weAsam akatsanangura:
Iyi dudziro nyowani inosiya pasina kukahadzika kuti zvese zvinokanganisa - kungave kudoro, heroin kana bonde, zvinoti - zvakangofanana. Dr. Raju Haleja, aimbova mutungamiri weCanada Society for Addiction Medicine uye sachigaro wekomiti yeASAM yakagadzira tsananguro itsva, akaudza The Fix, "Tiri kutarisa kupindwa muropa sechirwere chimwe, kusiyana neavo vanovaona sevakaparadzaniswa." zvirwere. Kupindwa muropa kupindwa muropa. Hazvina basa kuti chii chinokanganisa uropi hwako munzira iyoyo, kana changochinja nzira, unokwanisa kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. ” … Bonde kana kubhejera kana kupindwa muropa nechikafu [zvese] zvirinani sezvoutano zvinoshanda sekupindwa muropa nedoro kana heroin kana crystal meth.
Heino pfupiso pfupi yeAmerican Society yeAddiction Medicine akakosha mapoinzi:
- Utachiona hunoratidza humwe huro hunochinja kana huchibva mukupindura kumakemikari kana maitiro.
- Kupindwa muropa nechirwere chikuru. Izvo hazvireve hazvo kuti zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwepfungwa nyaya senge manzwiro kana hunhu kusagadzikana. Izvi zvinozorodza pfungwa yakakurumbira yekuti maitiro ekurwisa anogara ari maitiro e "kuzvirapa" kurerutsa kumwe kunetseka.
- Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemitemo uye zvinodhaka zvinokonzera kushanduka kwakafanana kwakadaro mumakwikwi enyeredzi akafanana: Hypofrontality, kukurudzira, kukanganisa, kushandura mafungiro ekudzvinyirira, nezvimwewo.
- Kubatanidzwa mukusingaperi "maitiro ekurwisa" kunoratidza iko pamusoro pehuropi shanduko dzaitika. Kujairira maitiro zvinozova kusaziva uye kujaira.
- Iyi dudziro nyowani inopedza iyo yekare "kupindwa muropa vs. kumanikidza" mutsauko, uyo waiwanzoshandiswa kuramba kuvapo kwehunhu hwehunhu, kusanganisira zveInternet kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira.
Kusiyana nehuropi hwekubhejera, chikafu, videogame vakapindwa muropa, huropi hwepabonde / vanopindwa muropa nehupombwe haisati yaongororwa. Asi izvo hunyanzvi hwehunhu hwekuzvibata kupindwa muropa zvakatonyatsotsanangurwa, zvekuti nyanzvi dzinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti hunhu hwepabonde hunogona zvakare kupindwa muropa. Mune mamwe mazwi, haisi iyo chimiro kana huwandu hwechisimudziro, asi zvinokonzeresa kuti huropi hunoguma hwachinja, izvo zvine basa. Aya akatorwa kubva kuASAM's FAQs anotsanangura sainzi inozivikanwa kune ese akapindwa muropa:
MUBVUNZO: Ndezvipi zvakasiyana nezvetsva iyi tsanangudzo?
MHINDURO: Ikutarisa munguva yakapfuura yave iri pane zvinhu zvakabatana nekudhakwa, zvakadai sewaini, heroin, mbanje, kana cocaine. Iyi dudziro nyowani inojekesa kuti kupindwa muropa hakusi kwemishonga, ndezvehuropi. Haisi zvinhu izvo munhu anoshandisa izvo zvinoita kuti vashandise; hausi kunyange huwandu kana huwandu hwekushandiswa. Kupindwa muropa ndezve zvinoitika muhuropi hwemunhu kana achinge aoneswa zvinhu zvinopa mubairo kana hunhu hunogutsa, uye iri pamusoro pemubairo wedunhu muuropi uye zvine hukama nehurongwa hwehuropi kupfuura zvazviri nezvemakemikari ekunze kana hunhu huno "tenderera" izvo zvinopa mubayiro wedunhu. (Kusimbiswa kwakawedzerwa.)
Zvinokanganisa zvinowanzoenderana nouropi hunochinja, hunozviratidza mukuzvibata sekutadza kubudirira kushandisa kushandiswa, zvido panguva yekurega nguva, uye kubvisa zviratidzo. Kusvika parizvino, hutano hwepfungwa hunochinja hunoonekwa mune zvose zvinokanganisa (kushungurudzika, kunzwisisika, uye kusazvibata) zvatove zvichengetwa muhuropi hwevanyengeri vekubhejera, vanodya zvakanyanya, vatambi vevhidhiyo. Zvichida ivo varipo mune vanomanikidza vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira nhasi. Kana ichifamba, kutaura nekuita sedhadha, idhadha. (Kwidziridzo: Cambridge University: Ongororo yeBongo inotora zvinodhaka zvepabonde)
Chimwe chirevo chechirevo cheASAM ndechekuti munhu haakwanise kutsanangura "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" nenguva yawapedza achiona kana mhando dzakatariswa. Pkana zvinodhaka zvinongowanikwa chete kana hunoenderana nehupi hunochinja huchionekwa mumutaridzi. Sezvo zviyero zvehuropi zvisingabvumike, ASAM yakagadzira chikamu che5-chikamu chekubatsira vanhu kuti vaone kana pfungwa dzavo dzachinja. Izvi zvakafanana nekuongorora mamakisi echirwere mune varwere vachinyunyuta nezvetale zviratidzo.
Iyi mibvunzo miviri inotevera kubva kuAASAM kunotaurirana zvepabonde nekudhakwa kwezvokudya zvakananga:
MUBVUNZO: Iyi tsanangudzo itsva yekudhakwa inoreva kukanganisa kunosanganisira kubhejera, zvokudya, uye zvepabonde. Ko ASAM anotenda chaizvo here kuti kudya uye zvepabonde zvinodhaka?
MHINDURO: Kunyoresa kubhejera kwakanyatsotsanangurwa mumabhuku esayenzi kwemazana makumi emakore. Kutaura zvazviri, shanduro yemazuva eDMM (DSM-5) inonyora urongwa hwekubhejera chirwere muchikamu chimwechete nezvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa.
Shanduro itsva yeAASAM inokonzera kuenzanisa kusagadzikana nemhando yekuzvidzivirira kwezvinhu, nekutsanangura kuti kusvuta kunobatanidza sei nemafambiro anopa mubayiro. Ino kekutanga nguva iyo ASAM yatora chinzvimbo chepamutemo chekuti kupindwa muropa hakusi kungo "bata zvinhu."
Iyi tsanangudzo inoti kudhakwa ndeyekushanda uye hutano hwepfungwa uye kuti chimiro nekushanda kwehupi hwevanhu vane utsotsi zvakasiyana nehutano uye basa rehupi hwevanhu vasina kukanganisa. Inotaura pamusoro pemubairo wevachengeti muuropi uye nemakwikwi akafanana, asi kusimbiswa hakusi pamubairo wekunze unoshanda pane mubayiro wehutano. Kudya uye maitiro epabonde uye maitiro ekubhejera anogona kusangana ne "pathological kutsvaga mibairo" inotsanangurwa mune iyi dudziro nyowani yekupindwa muropa. (Kusimbiswa kuwedzerwa.)
MUBVUNZO: Ndiani ane zvinodhaka kana kudya zvepabonde?
MHINDURO: Isu tese tine huropi hwekupa mubayiro wedunhu anoita chikafu uye bonde zvinopa mubairo. Aya maitiro ekupona. Muhuropi hune hutano, iyi mibairo ine nzira dzekupindura satiety kana 'kukwana.' Kune mumwe munhu akapindwa muropa, maseketi anova asina kushanda zvekuti meseji kune mumwe munhu inova 'yakawanda', izvo zvinotungamira mukutsvaga kwekutsvaga mibairo uye / kana zororo kuburikidza nekushandisa kwezvinhu nemaitiro.
Muchidimbu, kunetseka kwepabonde kuripo, uye kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwakakosha kunokonzerwa nehutano hwepfungwa uye physiology semishonga yemishonga. Izvi zvinonzwisisika. Mushure mezvose, zvinodhaka hazviti chinhu asi kuwedzerwa kana kuderedza zvinhu zvakajairika zvehupenyu. Vanopamba neural circuits kuti vawane zvipo zvepanyama, saka zvinofanira kuve pachena kuti zvirevo zvakanyanya zvemararamiro ezvisikwa (zvokudya zvisina kuchena, zvinonyadzisira zvepaIndaneti) zvinogona zvakare kuvhara madunhu.
Zvakadini nezvidhori zvinodhakwa?
Vanopa nhasi vatapi vezvehutano uye vanozivikanwa kuraira vanyori vanowanzo kutsauswa nezve njodzi dzekushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvepaInternet-chikamu nekuti vanoziva kuti kuita bonhora (pasina porn) hakuwanzo kukonzera kupindwa muropa. Dambudziko nderekuti, Internet zvinonyadzisira ndizvo kwete kungoita bonhora. Kudavira kuti bonhora uye zvinonyadzisira zvepaIndaneti zvakafanana zvinoratidza kusava nekunyatsonzwisisa kwemigumisiro yehupi inogona kuitika nguva dzose. Kazhinji, bonhora inotungamirira kumanzwiro evanhu. Kusiyana neizvi, zvinonyadzisira zvepaIndaneti zvinogona override natural satiety. Mune dzimwe uropi, kunyanya kukwana satiety nekukurudzira zvakanyanya ndiko kutsetserera kunotsvedza kuhutano hwehutano hwehutano. Uku kusanzwisisana kunoguma mazano asina kunaka kune varwere / vatengi / vaverengi.
Zvinetso zvekutsvaga
Apo vanotsvakurudza rimwe zuva vachitarisa muurwere hweIndaneti vanodhakwa, vanonyatsoona kuona kushandurwa kwave kuchionekwa mune mamwe marudzi eInternet addicts. Nhamo, kutsvakurudza kwepabonde-kutengesa zvinotarisana nezvinetso zvakaoma:
1. Kudzora mapoka evarume, vasiri-veInternet vanoshandisa porn havachawanikwe, uye kunyangwe kana vachikwanisa, kuongorora mabhodhi zvirokwazvo hakungatenderi maprotocol anovadaidza kuti vatarise mhando dzezvinonyadzisira kwemaawa mazhinji pazuva akawanda vakomana vadiki vanhasi vakatarisa.
2. Mibvunzo isina kujeka (kusiyana nehuropi) inoomesera vashandisi vezvinonyadzisira kuti vabatanidze matambudziko ekuita bonde (kana kushungurudzika munharaunda, kushushikana kana matambudziko ekusangana) neinternet kushandisa. Mushure mezvose, zvinonyadzisira zvinoita kunge epasi rinovimbika kwazvo aphrodisiac, uye vashandisi vanogara vachinzwa zvirinani vachishandisa. Zvingave zvichikonzera sei iwo matambudziko ayo anorapa kwechinguva?
Chero chete ne ruzivo rwakawanda rwekudhakwa, zviratidzo zvaro, uye etiology inogona kutsvaga vatsvakurudzi nevatungamiri vavo vanonyatsobatanidza chikonzero nekuita. Izwi reAUSAM rinotsigira vatsvakurudzi mukutsvaga zvinonyadzisira kushandisa kuburikidza nejeri rehupi hunochinja.
Vanachiremba vane mabasa matsva
Kuziviswa kweASAM idanho kumberi mukubatsira kudzidzisazve varapi nevatengi vavo. Vazhinji vakadzidziswa zvisizvo kuti hupombwe hunodhakwa haugone kubuda mukukura kwehuropi kuburikidza nemaitiro. Pane kudaro, ivo vakadzidziswa kuvimbisa vatengi kuti kupindwa muropa nekuita zvepabonde kwaisambove njodzi- kunze kwekunge mutengi aine zvimwe (kazhinji geni) kusagadzikana.
Asi vanyori veAsam vanofungidzira kuti genetics inongogadzira chikamu chechikonzero chekudhakwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kukanganisa kunogona kuitika mukushaikwa kwemamiriro akambovapo. Mune mamwe mazwi, zviratidzo zvine chokuita nehupombwe zvakadai sekuora mwoyo, kushungurudzika kwevanhu, vechidiki zvepabonde nenyaya dzekuita zvepabonde uye matambudziko ekugadzirisa zvinoda kuonekwa sezvinobvira migumisiro yekudhakwa, panzvimbo yekufungidzirwa nguva dzose kuva yavo chikonzero.
Chirevo chitsva pamushonga wekupindwa muropa nekudaro vanoisa mutoro kune vanachiremba kubatsira pabonde uye vatengi vanopindwa muropa nezvinodzvinyirira kuita shanduko dzakakosha pamaitiro avo. Panguva ino, vazhinji vanachipangamazano vanongoreva vatengi kuna chiremba nezvepfungwa dzekusimudzira uye zvepabonde. Pnguva imwechete ivo vari kuvasimbisa kuti hunhu hwavo hwepabonde hwakafanana uye husina kukuvadza.
Mashoko eAUSAM ishanho guru mumutungamiri. In iyi chinyorwa, tinofunga nezvezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa nevashambadzi vanoshuma, izvo zvinogona kuratidza uropi hunosangana nehutano hunochinja.
- Ona izvi kubva Chivabvu, 2013 - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): DSM yakaipa uye haina nguva.
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