Faallooyin: Delta-FosB waa kiimiko maskaxda ah (transcript factor) oo muhiim u ah sameynta balwadaha. Waxay ku dhisantahay "qabatinka dabiiciga ah," sida cunitaanka badan ee dufanka / sonkorta leh, iyo heerar sare oo jimicsi jimicsi iyo dhaqdhaqaaq jinsi ah (shaki kuma jiro, balwadda suuxdinta). Ilaha qaarkood waxay soo jeedinayaan inay hoos u dhacday usbuucii 6-8aad ee ka fogaanshaha walaxda ama dabeecadda la qabatimay.
By William McCall
http://biopsychiatry.com/cocaine/index.htm
Cocaine wuxuu noqon karaa mid ka mid ah miisaanka ugu adag ee lagu daaweyn karo sababtoo ah waxay keenaysaa kor u kicinta borotiinka maskaxda ku jirta oo kiciya jeermisyada xoojiya daawada daroogada, cilmi baaris cusub ayaa soo jeedinaya.
Cilmi-baadhayaasha Iskuulka Yale ee Daawada waxay awoodaan in ay ka takhalusaan borotiinka dheer ee loo yaqaan 'Delta-FosB', oo muujiya in uu kiciyay mukhaadaraad markii la sii daayay aag gaar ah oo maskaxda ah ee jiirka jinsiga.
Borotiinka (loo yaqaan fawz-bee) laguma soo saaro maskaxda illaa dadka balwada leh ay dhowr jeer isticmaaleen kokain, ama xitaa dhowr sano. Laakiin marka dhismuhu bilaabmo, baahida loo qabo daroogadu waxay noqoneysaa mid awood badan oo dabeecadda isticmaaleha ayaa noqota mid sii kordheysa.
Eric Nestler, oo hogaaminayey cilmibaadhista ayaa yidhi: "Waxay u egtahay sidii melekle oo loo beddelo." Markii la rogo, wuu sii soconayaa, oo si fudud ku bixi maayo. ”
Natiijooyinka, oo lagu daabacayo khamiista joornaalka Nature, ayaa loogu yeeray "xarrago" iyo "dhalaal" cilmi-baarayaasha kale oo sheegay in ay soo bandhigtay caddeyntii ugu horreysay ee la taaban karo ee ah in isticmaalka daroogada uu kicinayo isbeddel muddo dheer ah oo muddo dheer soconaya ee kiimikada maskaxda.
Daraasadan ayaa muujinaysa in genetics ay ka yar tahay saameynta isticmaalka mukhaadaraadka, sida uu sheegay Alan Leshner, oo ah Agaasimaha Machadka Qaranka ee Xad-gudubka Daroogada, oo qayb ka ah daraasaddan.
"Hiddo-sideyaashaadu kuma xukumayaan inaad noqoto qof balwad leh," ayuu yiri Leshner.
Waxay kaa dhigayaan wax badan, ama ka yar, u nugul. Weligeen maynaan helin hal hidde oo kaa horjoogsata inaad balwad yeelato, ama mid ku faraya inaad noqonayso qof balwad leh. ”
Nestler iyo asxaabtiisu waxay isku-duba-daraan cilmi-baarista hidde-baarista hidde-baarista iyo baayolojiga si loo kala-saaro borotiinka Delta-FosB iyo aagga maskaxda uu saameeyey, ka dibna waxbarashadii dhaqanka ee jiirka.
Marka heerka Delta-FosB uu ururo, wuxuu bilaabaa in uu xakameeyo hiddo-wadaha oo maamula gobolka maskaxda oo lagu magacaabo nucleus accumens, aag ku lug leh dabeecadaha xariifnimada iyo jawaabaha raaxada.
Waxay ku qeexeen in Delta-FosB ay sidoo kale dhaqaajiso hiddo-wadaha kale ee soo saaro xeryahooda kudhexaadka ah ee la yiraahdo glutamates, kuwaas oo qaadaya farriimaha unugyada maskaxda. Qaybaha maskaxda ee maskaxda ayaa noqda mid xasaasi u ah glutamate, gaar ahaan nukleus accumens.
Si loo tijaabiyo aragtida, waxay geliyeen hiddo-wadaha la xiriira glutamate-ka ugudubka nukleus ee jiirka tijaabada ah. Jiirradaas waxay muujiyeen koror “baaxad leh” xasaasiyadda kookaha, waa la soo sheegay.
"Tani waa horumar weyn oo laga gaadhay fahamkeenna balwadda," ayuu yidhi Francis White, oo ah guddoomiyaha farmasiga gacanta iyo molecular ee Jaamacadda Finch ee Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Chicago.
Cilmi-baadhayaasha kale way ka taxaddareen, iyagoo muujinaya in qabatimiddu tahay nidaam adag oo bini-aadanimo ah, sababtoo ah waxay ku xiran tahay barashada iyo dariiqooyinka kiimikada ee maskaxda ah.
"Aniga iima muuqato inay jirto waddo keli keli keli keli keli keli ah loogu talagalay oo loo xilsaaro daroogada iyo faragelinta kale," ayuu yiri Gary Aston-Jones oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
Dareemidda kookayntu waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u awood badan, oo ah foojignaan soo noqnoqonaya oo ka fogaaday daroogada sannado badan ayaa laga yaabaa in ay dareemaan dareemitaankiisa wadnaha kaliya iyada oo la arko wax la xidhiidha isticmaalka daroogada, sida biilka 100 ama geeska la yaqaan, Aston- Jones ayaa yiri.
"Waxaad dooneysaa inaad meesha ka saarto xusuusta daroogada laakiin ma dooneysid inaad xusuusta ku garaacdo dariiqa guriga loo aado," ayuu yiri.
Steve Hyman, oo ah Agaasimaha Machadka Qaranka ee Caafimaadka Maskaxda, ayaa sheegay in daraasaddan ay sidoo kale muujisay in kor u kaca borotiinka Delta-FosB ay noqon karto arrin la xiriirta daawooyinka kale, oo ay ku jiraan amphetamine, morphine, heroin iyo nicotine.
"Tani waa dhagax jaranjaro muhiim ah laakiin waxaa jira waddo dheer oo loo maro," ayuu yiri Hyman.
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