aan la taaban karin
Daraasadihii hore waxay muujinayaan in dabeecadaha galmada ee siyaada ah iyo dabeecadaha kale ee ay ka mid yihiin gaalnimada shucuurta, adeegsiga sawirada, iyo gaalnimada internetka waxaa loo arkaa inay yihiin falal khiyaano ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, fikradaha gaalnimo ee ka dhaceysa warbaahinta bulshada iyo xiriirka jaceylka ka dhexeeyo (ee ku saleysan hal dhinac oo jacayl ah oo lagu sameeyay tirooyinka warbaahinta) si wanaagsan looma baarin. Laba daraasadood oo sahamin ah, waxaan baaray a) ilaa xadka ay kaqeybgalayaashu ku qiimeeyeen sinnaan ahaan, galmo, shucuureed, iyo akhlaaqda warbaahinta bulshada in ay tahay gaalnimo, iyo b) sida ay u dhaawaceyso dabeecadahaan haddii la-hawlgalayaashu iyaga hubin lahaa. Waxaan sidoo kale baaray sida ay inta badan kaqeybgalayaashu u soo wariyeen in ay si xun u saamaysay jacaylka lammaanahooda lammaanaya. Natiijooyinka waxay tilmaamayaan in howlaha sida sexting iyo sexy ee loo yaqaan 'Snapchatting' ay yihiin kuwa si lamid ah loo arko labadaba internetka iyo gaalnimada jireed, iyo in gaalnimadu sinnaba loo arko si la mid ah adeegsiga sawirada. Waxyaabahaas lamid ah ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa haddii ficilada loo arko gaalnimo, iyo marka laga hadlayo xanuunka qiirada leh ee ficiladu sababi karaan. Natiijooyinkaani waxay muujinayaan in warbaahinta bulshada ee dhaqanka ka baxsan iyo akhlaaq xumada ka dhex jirta in si xun loo dareemi karo, lagana yaabo inay saameyn xun ku yeeshaan xiriirka jaceylka nolosha dhabta ah.
Keywords: gaalnimo, cilaaqaad ka dhexeeya, khaldan, khiyaanayn
Contents
ContentsInterpersona, 2019, Vol. 13 (2), https://doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v13i2.376
Helay: 2019-07-08. La aqbalay: 2019-11-06. La daabacay (VoR): 2019-12-20.
* Qoraaga xiriiriyaha: 4201 Grant Line Rd, New Albany, IN 47150. Telefoon: 812-941-2163. Emayl: [emailka waa la ilaaliyay]
Kani waa maqaal helitaan furan oo loo qaybiyo shuruudaha shatiga Hal abuurka Hal abuurkahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), kaas oo u oggolaanaya adeegsan aan xadidneyn, qaybinta, iyo taranka nooc kasta oo dhexdhexaad ah, haddii shaqada asalka ah si sax ah loo tixraacay.
Garsoorid waxaa lagu qeexi karaa inuu yahay xadgudubka xeerarka xiriirka marka laga hadlayo shucuurta ama shucuurta jirka ee dadka kale ee ka baxsan xiriirka jaceylka (Drigotas & Barta, 2001). Gaalnimadu waxay saameyn xun ku yeelan kartaa cilaaqaadka, iyadoo la abuurayo ama la kordhiyo shaqsi ahaanta iyo cilaaqaadka murugada leh, waana sababaha ugu badan ee lagu tilmaamo furriinka (Amato & Previti, 2003). In kasta oo cilmi baaris badan ay diiradda saareysay saameynta galmada ee gaalnimada shucuurta (arag Nijaar, 2012, falanqaynta aaladda-meta), iyo gaalnimada internetka (iyo gaalnimada)Guadagno & Sagarin, 2010; Whitty, 2003; 2005), cilmi baaris yar ayaa baaris ku sameysay sida dabeecadaha kale loo arko marka loo eego gaalnimada, sida kuwa lagu sameeyay warbaahinta bulshada (tusaale, Facebook ama Snapchat) ama ku xirnaanta bulshada. Xiriirka ka dhexeeya bulshada (PSRs) waa cilaaqaad aragti dhinac-ka-weji leh la leh jilayaasha warbaahinta (Horton & Wohl, 1956), taas oo xitaa jacayl dabiici ah (Adam & Sizemore, 2013; Tukachinsky, 2011). Waxay u badan tahay in qaabab cusub oo lagula macaamilo dadka kale ee ka baxsan xiriirka iyada oo loo marayo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa loo arki doonaa si la mid ah noocyada kale ee gaalnimada dhexdhexaadinta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababtoo ah PSRs waa hal-dhinac, ma cadda in dadku u arkaan jaceylka PSR-ka inuu yahay nooc gaalnimo. Ujeeddooyinka ugu waaweyn ee imminka daraasadaha hadda jira waxay ahaayeen in la sahamiyo in kaqeybgalayaashu u arkeen dabeecad ka baxsan midab-takoorid iyo dhaqammo lagu sameeyay warbaahinta bulshada inay tahay gaalnimo, in la sahamiyo sida kaqeybgaleyaasha waxyeelada leh u arki doonaan dabeecadahaan, iyo in la isbarbar dhigo aragtida habdhaqanadan iyo kuwa galmada, shucuurta, iyo gaalnimada internetka.
Fikradaha dabeecadaha kaladuwan sida gaalnimo [TOP]
Waxyaabaha kale, haddii dabeecad loo arko in gaalnimadu ay kuxiran tahay nooca dabeecadda su'aasha, iyo astaamaha shakhsiyaadka xiriirka ka dhexeeyo. Inta ugu badan cilmi baaristu waxay kahadashaa gaalnimo iyadoo ay weheliso laba waji oo waaweyn: khiyaanada galmada iyo shucuurta (Blow & Hartnett, 2005), tixraac xiriir galmo aan caadi aheyn oo xiriir la leh ama xiriir qiiro leh qof aan aheyn lammaanahaaga. Si kastaba ha noqotee, cilmi-baarayaashu qaar baa baaray kala duwanaanshaha aragtiyaha dabeecadaha kale marka loo eego khiyaanada. Tusaale ahaan, Wilson iyo asxaabtiisa (Wilson, Mattingly, Clark, Weidler, & Bequette, 2011) waxaa la soo saaray cabir lagu baaro fahamka dabeecadaha mugdiga leh iyo dabeecadaha khiyaanada leh, sida qoob ka ciyaarka qof kale ama been u sheegida wehelkaaga, iyo sidoo kale dabeecado cad, sida galmo afka ah qof kale. Natiijooyinkooda waxay soo jeedinayaan in saddexda nooc ee dabeecadaha ah (madmadow, khiyaano, iyo cad) dhammaantood loo arko gaalnimo, laakiin siyaabo kala duwan ayay u kala duwan yihiin dadka noocyadooda ah. Markii hore, Whitty (2003) waxaay ogaadeen in ka qayb galayaashu gaalnimo ku tilmaameen seddex nooc oo waaweyn, oo ay kujiraan gaalnimo galmada, gaalnimo shucuureed, iyo adeegsiga qaawan. Isku soo wada duuboo, Whitty waxay ogaatay in dabeecadaha la xiriira adeegsiga qaawan ee loo arko kuwa ugu yar ay tahay gaalnimo, laakiin dabeecadaha kombuyuutarrada dhexdhexaadiya sida internetka ayaa loo arkaa inay la mid yihiin dhaqan galmo fool-ka-fool ah, oo aan ahayn qaab gooni ah oo qish ah. Natiijooyinkaani waxay muujinayaan in gaalnimo xagga jirka ama shucuur ahaanta aysan aheyn inay ku dhacdo xaalado fool-ka-fool ah oo loo arko khiyaamo. Runtii, ugu yaraan 80% dadka la siiyay duruufaha ku saabsan gaalnimada internetka waxay muujiyeen in dhaqankan loo arki doono ficil khiyaano (Schnarre & Adam, 2017; Whitty, 2005). Hal daraasad, Schneider iyo asxaabta (2012) waxaay ogaadeen in 34 kaqeybgale oo khibrad gaalnimo khadka internetka ah kuhelay, 30 ayaa dareemay in dhaqankan uu si xun u saameeyay xiriirkooda nolosha dhabta ah. Kaqeybgalayaasha badankood waxay soo weriyeen luminta kalsoonida, sababtoo ah inbadan oo kamid ah waxaa saameeyay khiyaanadooda lammaanaha. Intaa waxaa u dheer, wareysiyada lala yeeshay dadka ay shuraakadood ku lahaayeen gaalnimo xagga internetka ah, dawaarle (2000) waxaay ogaadeen in ku dhawaad rubuc ka mid ah kaqeybgaleyaasha tan iyo markii ay kala tageen ama ay is fureen lammaanahooda.
Akhlaaqda Saxaafadda Bulshadu ma gaalnimobaa? [TOP]
Tan iyo daraasadda Whitty ee ku saabsan gaalnimada kombiyuutarka-dhexdhexaadka ah waxaa la sameeyay (Whitty, 2003), siyaabaha ay dadku ugu sameyn karaan cilaaqaadyada ka baxsan siyaadda ayaa kordhay, sababtuna tahay aaladaha warbaahinta bulshada sida Facebook iyo Snapchat. Goobaha warbaahinta bulshada waa aalado is-dhexgal oo u oggolaanaya dadka isticmaala inay abuuraan oo dhajiyaan waxyaabaha ay leeyihiin oo ay abuuraan oo ay ku sii wadaan xiriirrada gebi ahaanba (Obar & Wildman, 2015). Nidaamyadan ayaa aad loo jecel yahay: Facebook ayaa dhowaan soo warisay 2.45 bilyan oo adeegsada bil kasta (Facebook, 2019), iyo Snapchat waxay soo sheegeen 210 milyan oo isticmaalayaal bil kasta firfircoon (Snapchat, 2019). Si kastaba ha noqotee, iyadoo la kordhinayo fursadaha isku xidhka dalwaddu waxay la imaan kartaa fursado badan oo gaalnimo ah. Hal daraasad ayaa lagu ogaaday in ku dhawaad 10% kaqeybgaleyaasha ku jiray xiriir nololeed dhab ah ay kaqeybgaleen dabeecadaha gaalnimada la xiriirta iyada oo loo marinayo warbaahinta bulshada (McDaniel, Drouin, & Cravens, 2017). Daraasad kale ayaa lagu ogaadey in kordhinta isticmaalka Facebook ay la xiriirto suuragalnimada kororka natiijooyinka xiriirka-nolosha-xun ee xun, oo ay ka mid tahay khiyaameynta lammaanaha uu la leeyahay qof ka socda Facebook (Clayton, Nagurney, & Smith, 2013). Waxay u egtahay in dabeecadaha gaalnimada la xiriira ee lagu sameeyo warbaahinta bulshada in loo arki doono si la mid ah qaababka kale ee gaalnimada internetka. Hal ujeedo oo ah daraasadaha hada la sameeyay ayaa ah in la baadho sida dhaqanka la xiriira gaalnimada loo mariyo warbaahinta bulshada marka loo barbar dhigo caadooyinka kale ee dhaqan ahaan kombiyuutarka-dhexdhexaadinta iyo gaalnimada galmada.
Akhlaaq xumada kahortag ma yihiin gaalnimo? [TOP]
Haddii lammaanaha PSRs ee jaceylka ah loo arko inuu yahay gaalnimo ma uusan helin feejignaan badan. Burburinta ka soo horjeedda kuwa kale waxay u muuqdaan kuwo aad caadi u ah. Daraasad dhowaan la sameeyay, in kabadan 90% dumarka da'da kulleejada ah ayaa dib u xasuusto inay xiriir jacayl la leyihiin xiriir qoto dheer ama dabeecad khayaal ah inta ay qaan-gaar ahaayeen. In kasta oo dusha sare PSRs aan loo arkin wax ka baxsan, haddana waxay u shaqeyn karaan si la mid ah xiriirka jaceylka ee nolosha dhabta ah, iyagoo siinaya wehelnimo iyo saameyn koror wanaagsan leh, tusaale ahaan, iyagoo leh kharashyo xiriir hooseeya (Adam & Sizemore, 2013). Waxay noqon kartaa cilaaqaad bulsheed, markaa, waxaa loo arki karaa inay khatar ku tahay xiriirka nolosha dhabta ah. Hal daraasad oo baaraysa saameynta khadadka casriga, qadka tooska ah iyo dabeecadda kala jaadnimada ah ee ku saleysan cilaaqaadka khiyaali ah, ku dhawaad inta badan kaqeybgalayaashu waxay cadeeyeen in xiriirka jaceylka ka dhexeeyo ay yihiin falal khiyaano ah (76%) sida gaalnimo qadka ah (80%), in kastoo ay jiraan sababo kala duwan (Schnarre & Adam, 2017). Labada ficil ee khadka tooska ah iyo kan tooska ah intaba waxaa badanaa loo arkaa khiyaanooyin aaminaad ah, halka dhaqan xumo kale loo arkay inay tahay khiyaano sababta oo ah doorkeeda ka qaadashada lammaanaha inay ku filnaato xiriirka. Tani waxay soo jeedineysaa in dadku runti ay u arki karaan jaceylka PSR-yada inay jebinayaan xeerarka xiriirka, iyo gaalnimo.
Qaybta gaalnimada ee inta badan la mid ah cilaaqaadka bulshada waxay noqon kartaa adeegsiga qaawan, kaas oo dhexgalka sidoo kale ah hal dhinac. Baarayaasha qaar ayaa ku doodaya faa iidooyinka isticmaalka qaawan, sida kordhinta qanacsanaanta isgaarsiinta galmada ugu yaraan markii ay kuwada noolyihiin labada qof (Harkness, 2014). Sikastaba, daraasado kale ayaa muujiyey in adeegsiga sawirada shakhsiyadeed ee shakhsiyan si xun loola xiriirinaayo go aanka xiriirka (Lambert, Negash, Stillman, Olmstead, & Fincham, 2012) iyo saaxiibtinimada (Harkness, 2014), iyo in isticmaalka lammaaneyaasha lammaanaha uu si xun ula xiriiro aaminaadda iyo qanacsanaanta xiriirka oo sifiican loola xiriiriyay cillad nafsi ah (Szymanski, Feltman, & Dunn, 2015). Waxaa jiri kara saameyn dheeri ah oo faa'iido leh oo ku saabsan adeegsiga qaawan ee labada qof ah, laakiin isticmaalka keli ah ee hal lammaane ayaa u muuqda in loo tixgeliyo nooc khiyaanayn (Bergner & Buundooyinka, 2002), iyo markii lagu mashquulsan yahay ka baxsan xeerarka xiriirka, waxay dhaawici karaan xiriirkaas. Isticmaalka filimka ee loo adeegsaday sawirka guurku wuxuu u horseedi karaa isku buuq iyo hoos u dhac xagga aragtida ah ee is-qiimaynta (Bergner & Buundooyinka, 2002). Waxay u egtahay in cilaaqaadka lammaanaha ah loo arko si la mid ah adeegsiga qaawan ee loo adeegsado gaalnimada, haddii PSRs ay ka dhacdo meel ka baxsan xeerarka xiriirka, iyo inay ku lug lahaato khiyaano saameyn ku yeelan kara dareenka lamaanaha ee xiriirka ka dhexeeyo xiriirka (Schnarre & Adam, 2017). Ujeeddada kale ee daraasadaha hadda lagu jirayna waxay ahayd sidii loo baari lahaa sida dabeecadaha kala-sooca bulshada loo arko marka loo eego qaabab kale oo gaalnimo ah.
Kala duwanaanshaha Shakhsiyeed ee ku saabsan fikradaha gaalnimada [TOP]
Fikradaha gaalnimada ayaa waliba waxay kuxirantahay astaamaha shaqsiyeed. Cilmi-baarisyada qaarkood waxay ogaadeen in guud ahaan, ragga ay u muuqdaan gaalnimo ka aqbalid badan haweenka, laakiin in ragga iyo dumarku ay u arkaan gaalnimo iyo galmada shucuur la mid ah (Sheppard, Nelson, & Andreoli-Mathie, 1995). Si kastaba ha noqotee, cilmi-baarayaal kale waxay ogaadeen in ragga iyo haweenku ay u kala aragti duwan yihiin gaalnimo kala duwanaan, taas oo ragga u horseedda gaalnimo galmada mid walwal badan leh, halka dumarkana ay ku helaan gaalnimo shucuur badan.Brase, Adair, & Monk, 2014; Basaska et al., 1992; Cann, Mangum, & Wells, 2001; Kruger iyo al., 2015; Shackelford, Buss, & Bennett, 2002; Treger & Sprecher, 2011). Whitty (2003) waxaay ogaatay in lamaanaha iyo da'da saameyn kuyeelayaan aragtida ah in dhaqan loo arko gaalnimo galmada. Guud ahaan, da 'yarta, kaqeybgalayaasha haweenka waxay u badan tahay inay u arkaan dhaqan galmo ka baxsan bani'aadamka (oo ay ku jiraan dabeecadda galmada dhexdhexaadinta kombiyuutarka) mid gaalnimo ah. Daraasadaha hadda jira, da'da iyo kala duwanaanshaha dheddig-laboodka ee aragtiyaha noocyada gaalnimada kaladuwan ayaa laga baaray.
Maqaalka hadda jira, waxaan ka warbixinayaa laba daraasadood oo aan sameeyay si aan ugu sii sahmino aragtiyaha gaalnimo. Ujeeddada Daraasadda 1 waxay ahayd in la isbarbar dhigo ka-qayb-galayaasha ee hab-dhaqanka kalasooca ah iyo hab-dhaqanka ka-baxsan ee lagu sameeyo warbaahinta bulshada (sida galmada Snapchatting iyo galmada) galmada, shucuurta, iyo gaalnimada internetka (Whitty, 2003).
Waxbarashada 1 [TOP]
Habka [TOP]
Ka qaybgalayaashu [TOP]
Ardayda kulliyadda ee jaamacadda bartanka-galbeed-galbeed ee Mareykanka (N = 114) iyo 101 kaqeybsi oo ka socda Amazon Mechanical Turk ayaa kaqeyb qaatay daraasaddan. Kaqeybgaleyaasha ardayda waxaa ka mid ahaa 94 haween ah iyo 20 rag ah oo da’doodu u dhexeyso 18 ilaa 44 sano jir (M = 19.33, SD = 3.24). Kaqeybgaleyaasha waxaa lagu shaqaaleysiiyay nidaamka SONA ee jaamacada, nidaam maareyn cilmi baaris internetka ah, waxaana lagu siiyay magdhaw daraasad cilmi baaris ah kaqeybgalkooda, oo loo adeegsan karo dhanka shuruudaha koorsada ama dhibcaha dheeriga ah. Kaqeybgaleyaasha MTurk waxaa ka mid ahaa 48 haween ah iyo 52 nin oo ku noolaa Mareykanka oo da’doodu u dhaxayso 20 illaa 61 sano jir (M = 33.34, SD = 9.06 sano), waxaana lagu siiyay magdhow $ 2.00 waqtigoodii. Inta badan kaqeybgalayaasha muunadda MTurk (N = 73) waxaa lagu soo waramayaa inay kujiraan xiriir go'an, halka 58 kaqeybgale ee muunad kulleejku ay kujiraan xiriir go'an.
Naqshadeynta / Tallaabooyinka [TOP]
Waxaan ku sameeyay sahan khadka tooska ah anigoo adeegsanaya SurveyMonkey. Marka lagu daro su'aalaha aasaasiga ah ee dadka, kaqeybgalayaashu waxay qiimeeyeen 10 dabeecadood oo horey loo baaray marka loo eego gaalnimada (Whitty, 2003). Qiyaasta Cilmiga Gaarka ah ee Whitty waxaa ka mid ahaa seddex arrimood oo leh 15 waxyaabood, oo la xiriira gaalnimo galmada, gaalnimo shucuureed, iyo gaalnimo qaawan. Waxaan ka tirtirey su'aalaha ku saabsan “sheekaysiga kulul” erey aan hadda si ballaaran loo isticmaalin, oo waxaan weydiyay hal su'aal oo keliya oo ku saabsan isticmaalka ficil-faneedka. Waxaan ku ballaariyay dhinacyada gaalnimada warbaahinta bulshada si aan u sahamiyo sida loo galmoodo, loo sameeyo 'Snapchatting', iyo dirista ama helitaanka naftooda wasakhda ah, oo lagu qiimeeyo xagga gaalnimada. Waxaan sidoo kale rabay inaan ogaado sida dabeecadahaan loo barbardhigo dhaqamada kale ee adduunka dhabta ah loo tixgeliyo, waqtiyada qaarkood, inay yihiin gaalnimo, sidoo kale waxaan weydiiyay qiyaastii 12 dabeecadood oo ka dhashay Qiyaasta Qaanuunka Sinaalnimada Khiyaanada (PDIS: Wilson et al., 2011). Isku soo wada duuboo, qodobbada PDIS (Cad iyo Khiyaano) waxay iskusoo wada duubeen qaybaha galmada iyo shucuurta ee cabirka Caannimada Whitty, laakiin waxaan sidoo kale xiiseynayay sida dabeecadaha warbaahinta bulshada marka loo eego dhaqanada laxiriira istiraatiijiyada Ambiguous ee PDIS, sida dhunkashada ama qoob ka ciyaarka. qof kale la socdo. Ugu dambayntii, waxaan ka codsaday kaqeybgalayaasha inay qiimeeyaan toddobo dabeecadood oo la xiriira gaalnimo dhinaca kale ah (tusaale ahaan, iibsashada / u dirista hadiyado ku saabsan burburin caanka ah, ka fikiridda burburkaas, daawashada sawirrada qaawan ee burburkaas), iyo sidoo kale inay ku jiraan qaybaha dhabta ah ee dabeecadahaas (khiyaali ku saabsan qof kale, ka iibsanaya / ka qaadanaya hadiyado qof kale), wadarta 34 shay. Sida ku cad daraasaddii hore ee Whitty (iyo si la mid ah Daraasadda 1 ee uu qoray Wilson et al.), Kaqeybgalayaashu waxay ku qiimeeyeen dhaqan kasta qaab cabbir shan ah ah laga soo bilaabo gaalnimo ilaa gaalnimo daran. Amarka soo-jeedinta dabeecadaha waxaa loo kala soocay kaqeybgale kasta.
Natiijooyinka [TOP]
Si loo baaro sida 34-kaan shay ee la xiriira noocyada kala duwan ee gaalnimada, waxaan u gudbiyey kaqeybgalayaasha fikradaha 34 dabeecadood gundhigga guud ee xisaabaadka iyadoo la adeegsanayo wareejinta tooska ah ee SPSS (tirakoobka sharraxa ayaa ku jira Shaxda 1).
Shaxda 1
Qiimeynta Habdhaqan kasta sidii gaalnimo
| Shayga | M | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Galmo afka ah qof kale | 4.91 | 0.53 |
| Galmo galmo qof kale | 4.90 | 0.54 |
| Shukaansi qof kale | 4.79 | 0.71 |
| U dirista naftooda si xun qof kale | 4.74 | 0.68 |
| Si joogto ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa dad badan | 4.73 | 0.72 |
| Cayriin culus / la wadaaga qof kale | 4.71 | 0.71 |
| qoaal | 4.70 | 0.76 |
| Dhunkashada qof kale | 4.62 | 0.79 |
| Cybersex oo ay weheliyaan qof aan la aqoon - mar keliya | 4.62 | 0.87 |
| Seks Snapchatting | 4.60 | 0.80 |
| Si joogto ah ayey iskugu mid yihiin isla qofkaas | 4.56 | 0.94 |
| Ka qaadashada naftooda qof xun | 4.43 | 0.94 |
| Ka xanaaqida qof kale | 3.61 | 1.18 |
| Wadaagida qotodheer qiiro qiiro leh khadka tooska ah | 3.42 | 1.26 |
| Wadaagida macluumaadka qiirada ee qadka dheer qadka | 3.42 | 1.24 |
| beenta | 3.33 | 1.18 |
| Iibso / ka hel hadiyado qof kale | 3.30 | 1.26 |
| Aadista naadiyadaha xariga la'aantood | 3.20 | 1.30 |
| Ka joojinta macluumaadka adiga | 3.15 | 1.13 |
| Khadka tooska ah ku yeelashada xiriir galmo la'aan | 3.03 | 1.37 |
| Fantasi ku saabsan qof kale | 3.01 | 1.44 |
| Ku yeelashada xiriir aan jinsi aheyn khadka tooska ah | 3.00 | 1.42 |
| Dibadda ugu baxay inaad wax la cuntid / la cabto qof kale | 2.84 | 1.23 |
| Soo iibso / u soo dir hadiyado burburin caan ah | 2.79 | 1.34 |
| Fiiri porn of burburin caan ah | 2.69 | 1.42 |
| Qoob ka ciyaar qof kale | 2.65 | 1.17 |
| Muuqaalka porn adiga la'aan | 2.44 | 1.46 |
| Aadid qof meel kale aadid | 2.37 | 1.22 |
| Iskuday inaad la kulanto burburin caan ah | 2.17 | 1.17 |
| Iskuday inaad la xiriirto burburin caan ah | 2.11 | 1.18 |
| Xusuus-qorka u leh burburin caanka ah | 2.03 | 1.13 |
| Leh burburin caan ah oo caan ah | 2.03 | 1.16 |
| Hingging qof kale | 2.00 | 1.06 |
| Fantasized ku saabsan burburin caan ah | 1.76 | 1.04 |
In kasta oo lix arrimood ay lahaanjireen Eigenvalues mid ka sarreysa, haddana saadaalinta 71% kala duwanaanshaha, fikrad ahaan, xallinta shan ama lix qodob ma ahan mid ku habboon. Xalka afarta ah ayaa saadaaliyay in boqolkiiba 63 kala duwanaanshaha, oo waxyaabaha shaygu ka midka yihiin loo kala qaybiyo dabeecadaha dhabta ah ee dunida (Dhaqanka Parasocial) iyo dabeecadaha dabeecadda (Parasocial Fantasy), taasoo u oggolaaneysa in dabeecadaha kale ay ku sii dheganaadaan laba arrimood - Galmo iyo gaalnimo. Dabeecado xasaasi ah oo ka socda PDIS oo la socda dareenka (Khiyaanada). Isticmaalka filimka waxaa lagu soo daray qodobka 'Fantasy Fantasy factor', in kastoo diraya or helitaanka naftooda qaawan waxaa si cad loogu uruuriyay gaalnimo galmada (eeg Shaxda 2 culeyska qodobka ah). Celceliska walxaha qodob kasta waxaa loo xisaabiyay.
Shaxda 2
Daraasadda Daraasadda Factor Patrick Matrix 1
| Shayga gaalnimo | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qiiro | Sex | PB | PF | |
| Dhaladka | 12.79 | 5.48 | 2.14 | 1.48 |
| Kaladuwanaansho la sharaxay | 37.64 | 16.10 | 6.29 | 4.36 |
| Aadid qof meel kale aadid | 0.789 | 0.116 | 0.089 | 0.096 |
| Iibso / ka hel hadiyado / qof kale | 0.776 | -0.006 | 0.069 | 0.058 |
| La wadaagida macluumaadka qiirada leh qoto dheer qof khadka internetka ah | 0.767 | -0.050 | -0.161 | -0.070 |
| La wadaagida macluumaad qiiro leh qoto dheer qof khadka tooska ah | 0.763 | -0.073 | -0.081 | -0.003 |
| Dibadda ugu baxay inaad wax la cuntid ama wax la cabtid qof kale | 0.688 | -0.010 | 0.106 | -0.034 |
| Ka joojinta macluumaadka adiga | 0.683 | -0.033 | 0.070 | 0.023 |
| Beenta kuu sheega | 0.680 | -0.075 | 0.129 | 0.098 |
| In aad yeelato xiriir aan toos ahayn oo khadka tooska ah | 0.526 | -0.070 | -0.002 | -0.084 |
| Inaad yeelato xiriir khad aan toos ahayn oo khad ah | 0.505 | -0.027 | 0.038 | -0.046 |
| Hingging qof kale | 0.448 | 0.072 | -0.020 | -0.281 |
| Qoob ka ciyaar qof kale | 0.433 | -0.066 | -0.081 | -0.309 |
| Ka xanaaqida qof kale | 0.397 | -0.223 | -0.051 | -0.296 |
| Si joogto ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa dad badan | -0.042 | -0.907 | -0.012 | -0.006 |
| U dirista naftooda si xun qof kale | -0.037 | -0.905 | -0.005 | -0.069 |
| Galmo afka ah qof kale | -0.057 | -0.868 | 0.075 | 0.154 |
| Galmo galmo qof kale | -0.035 | -0.858 | 0.077 | 0.159 |
| qoaal | 0.021 | -0.845 | 0.056 | 0.029 |
| Dheecaan culus / fondling | -0.009 | -0.809 | 0.091 | 0.135 |
| Seks Snapchatting | 0.079 | -0.803 | 0.052 | -0.035 |
| Shukaansi qof kale | 0.010 | -0.790 | 0.000 | -0.032 |
| Cybersex oo ay weheliyaan qof aan la aqoon - mar | 0.013 | -0.764 | -0.079 | -0.168 |
| Dhunkashada qof kale | 0.100 | -0.725 | -0.046 | -0.041 |
| Si joogto ah ayey iskugu mid yihiin isla qofkaas | 0.033 | -0.640 | -0.067 | -0.092 |
| Ka qaadashada naftooda qof xun | 0.073 | -0.567 | -0.144 | -0.210 |
| Iskuday inaad la xiriirto burburin caan ah | 0.081 | -0.056 | 0.787 | -0.047 |
| Iskuday inaad la kulanto burburin caanka ah | 0.084 | -0.028 | 0.772 | -0.086 |
| Iibsiga / dirida hadiyadi caan noqoshada burburka | 0.232 | -0.073 | 0.550 | -0.091 |
| Daawashada qaawan ee burburin caanka ah | 0.057 | -0.067 | 0.154 | -0.764 |
| Daawashada qaawan adiga la'aan | 0.081 | -0.061 | 0.054 | -0.736 |
| Fantasi ku saabsan qof kale | 0.239 | -0.082 | -0.084 | -0.647 |
| Fantasized caanka / caannimada burburin | -0.109 | -0.003 | 0.406 | -0.609 |
| Xusuus-qorka caannimada / burburka dabeecadda | 0.073 | 0.048 | 0.380 | -0.581 |
| Lahaanshaha burburin muddada-dheer caannimada / dabeecad ahaan | 0.047 | 0.066 | 0.455 | -0.539 |
| Aadista naadiyadaha xariga la'aantood | 0.308 | -0.089 | 0.009 | -0.460 |
note. Boldface wuxuu muujiyaa culeyska ugu sareeya.
Sida ku jirta Whitty's (2003) Daraasadda, Sababta gaalnimada galmada waxaa ka mid ah dabeecadaha websaydhka iyo sidoo kale gaalnimada jireed. Sidii la saadaaliyay, dabeecadaha warbaahinta bulshada sida galmada, sexy Snapchatting, iyo dirida ama helida dareenka xun ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo daray qodobka gaalnimada galmada, wadarta 12 dabeecadood (α = .946). Sida lagu arki karo gudaha Shaxda 1, dabeecadaha galmada ee lagu soo maro warbaahinta bulshada ayaa lagu qiimeeyay si la mid ah dabeecadaha galmada dhabta ah ee adduunka marka loo eego gaalnimada loo arko. Caddaalad xumida shucuur ahaanta waxaa ka mid ah 12 dabeecadood, oo sidoo kale gudaha ku jiray (consistent = .908). Fantasy Parasocial waxaa ka mid ah toddobo dabeecad (α = .908), oo ay ku jiraan qaar dabeecado la xiriira qaawan oo bulsheed ah, iyo Habdhaqanka Parasocial waxaa ku jira seddex dabeecadood oo ku lug leh isku dayga la macaamilka caanka ah ee nolosha dhabta ah (iibsashada hadiyado, isku day inaad la xiriirto ama la kulanto; = .831).
Si loo baadho bal inay jiraan wax saameyn ah oo jinsi ah xagga aragtida ku saabsan noocyada kala duwan ee gaalnimada, waxaan ku sameeyay SVSS ANVOA isku dhaf ah, oo afarta nooc ee gaalnimo ay tahay maadooyin madax-bannaan oo madax-bannaan, jinsi la aqoonsaday (lab ama dheddig) sida inta udhaxeysa maadooyinka kaladuwan ee madax banaan, iyo qiimeynta gaalnimada sida doorsoome ku tiirsan. Waxaa jiray saameyn ugu weyn oo nooca gaalnimo xagga qiimeynta gaalnimada, F(3, 639) = 510.46, p <.001, η2 = .706. Isbarbardhigyada laba-geeska ah waxay caddeeyeen in celcelis ahaan celcelis ahaan galmada gaalnimo ay aad u sarreeyeen (M = 4.69, SD = 0.60) marka loo eego gaalnimada shucuurta (M = 2.98, SD = 0.87), Fantasy Parasocial (M = 2.45, SD = 1.04) ama Dhaqanka Dhaqan-galinta ah (M = 2.35, SD = 1.06). Intaa waxa u dheer, Caddaan Maskaxeed ayaa sidoo kale lagu qiimeeyay si aad u sarreysa marka loo eego gaalnimada marka loo eego mid ka mid ah sinnaan-wadaagga.
Waxa kale oo jiray saamayn muhiim ah oo jinsi ka haysata aragtida gaalnimada, F(1, 213) = 8.42, p = .004, η2 = .038. Isku soo wada duuboo, haweenku waxay ku qiimeeyeen dabeecadaha inay yihiin calaamado badan oo gaalnimo ah (M = 3.22, SD = 0.74) marka loo eego ragga (M = 2.93, SD = 0.58). Si kastaba ha noqotee, dhexgalka u dhexeeya nooca dabeecadda iyo jinsiga ayaa sidoo kale ahaa mid muhiim ah, F(3, 624) = 2.46, p = .062, η2 = .012. Tijaabooyin madax banaan t tijaabooyinku waxay muujiyeen in gaar ahaan, haweenku ay u badan tahay inay ku qiimeeyaan Fantasy Parasocial iyo Cilmiga shucuurta ee gaalnimada (eeg aragnimada) Shaxda 3).
Shaxda 3
Isbarbar dhigga Buundooyinka Cudurdaarka ee Garsoor Nooca iyo Jinsiga, Daraasadda 1
| Nooca gaalnimada | Haweenka M (SD) | Ragga M (SD) | t | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dhaqanka ka soo Horjeedka | 2.36 (1.13) | 2.35 (0.93) | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| Fantasy Parasocial | 2.60 (1.06) | 2.17 (0.93) | 2.92 ** | 0.43 |
| Galmada | 4.76 (0.62) | 4.56 (0.55) | 2.29 * | 0.34 |
| Caqli | 3.16 (0.88) | 2.65 (0.74) | 4.27 *** | 0.63 |
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
ANOVA kale oo isku dhafan ayaa loo adeegsaday in lagu baaro saameynta da'da da'da ee ku aaddan aragtiyaha noocyada kala duwan ee gaalnimada. Da'da waxaa lagu soo daray sida maaddada udhaxeysa maadooyinka. Waxaa jiray saameyn weyn oo da 'ah oo ku saabsan qiimeynta gaalnimada, F(1, 209) = 5.41, p = .021, η2 = .025. Da'da ayaa si weyn u saadaalisay sida ay kaqeybgalayaashu ugu qiimeeyeen Fantasy Parasocial, β = -.026, t = -3.59, p <.001, iyo gaalnimo shucuur, β = -.023, t = -3.73, p <.001. Markii da'da sii kordheysay, kaqeybgalayaashu uma badna inay qiimeeyaan dabeecadahaas oo muujinaya calaamado gaalnimo.
Ugu dambayntiina, saamaynta heerka xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya aragtida noocyada kala duwan ee gaalnimada ayaa la baaro. Natiijooyinka kale ee ANOVA isku dhafan waxay muujiyeen inay jirto saameyn saameyn weyn ku yeelaneysa heerka xiriirka (xagga xiriirka go'an iyo kan kaleba) aragtida gaalnimada, F(1, 213) = 6.33, p = .013, η2 = .029. Tijaabooyin madax banaan t tijaabooyinku waxay muujiyeen in kaqeybgalayaasha xiriir go'an ay ku qiimeeyeen dabeecadda bulshada iyo dabeecadaha shucuur ahaan in ay si aad ah uga sarreeyaan gaalnimo marka loo eego ka qeybgalayaasha aan ku jirin xiriir go'an. Shaxda 4).
Shaxda 4
Isbarbardhigga Buundooyinka Cudurdaarka gaalnimada ee Nooca iyo Xaaladda Xiriirka, Daraasadda 1
| Nooca gaalnimada | Single M (SD) | xiriirka M (SD) | t | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dhaqanka ka soo Horjeedka | 2.12 (0.95) | 2.51 (1.11) | -2.68 ** | 0.38 |
| Fantasy Parasocial | 2.33 (0.88) | 2.53 (1.13) | -1.43 | 0.20 |
| Galmada | 4.65 (0.75) | 4.72 (0.48) | -0.82 | 0.11 |
| Caqli | 2.80 (0.78) | 3.10 (0.90) | -2.54 * | 0.36 |
note. Para. Beh. = Dhaqanka ka soocista; Para. Fantas. = Fantasy Parasocial.
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Dood [TOP]
Daraasaddan sahamintu waxay xoojineysaa waxa lagu yaqaanno sida dadku u arkaan dabeecadaha ka baxsan siyaadinta. Guud ahaan, dabeecadaha la xiriira gaalnimada ee ka dhaceysa warbaahinta bulshada (sida galmada loo yaqaan 'Snapchatting') waxaa loo arkay si la mid ah falalkii gaalnimo ee hore loo galay (sida in lala yeesho websaydh qalaad; Whitty, 2003), iyo labadaba warbaahinta bulshada iyo dabeecadaha internetka ayaa lagu qeexay galmada galmada marka loo eego khiyaanada. Runtii, marka la barbar dhigo Whitty daraasadkeedii asalka ahayd, dadku waxay ku qiimeeyeen dirista iyo helitaanka naftooda wasakhda ah iyada oo loo marayo warbaahinta bulshada ama meelaha kale ee elektiroonigga ah ee dadka kale gaalnimo daran.
Intaa waxaa sii dheer, in kasta oo dabeecadaha dhaqan-nacaybku ay aad ugu yaraayeen in loo tixgeliyo gaalnimo marka la barbar dhigo dhigooda warbaahinta bulshada, haddana, sida la saadaaliyay, waxaa loo arkaa si la mid ah adeegsiga sawirada qaawan marka loo eego gaalnimada. Markaa, waxay umuuqataa in haddii qofku u arko qaawinta lamaanahaaga inuu yahay ficil khiyaano ah, waxaa suuragal ah inay u arkaan xiriirka ka dhexeeyo jaceylka mid gaalnimo ah, isla mar ahaantaasna ay ku dhibtoon karto dabeecaddan.
Waxaa jiray xoogaa kala duwanaan ah oo ku saabsan sida dadku u garteen gaalnimo. Celcelis ahaan, haweenku waxay ku qiimeeyeen dabeecadaha galmada inay ka sarreeyaan gaalnimada, laakiin ma jirin wax saameyn ah oo da'eed ama xaalad xiriir ah oo ku saabsan sida loo arko arintaan. Haweenka iyo kaqeyb galayaasha da’da yar waxay u badan tahay inay qiimeeyaan dabeecadaha la xiriira khiyaali ku dhisan dhinaca kale sida gaalnimo, si la mid ah natiijooyinka Whitty (2003). Kaqeybgalayaasha da'da yar ayaa ku qiimeeyay dabeecadahaan in ay ka sarreeyaan gaalnimada waxaa sababi kara khibrad la'aan xagga xiriirka dhabta ah ee adduunka, ama waxaa u sabab ah dhaqan is-beddel ah oo la xiriira cilaaqaadyada shisheeyaha ee habboon. Xaaladaha qaarkood, markaa, dabeecadaha isku-dhafka ah ee qayb ka mid ah lammaanaha waxaa loo arki karaa khiyaano, iyo sidoo kale, waxay si xun u saameyn karaan xiriirkaas, gaar ahaan haweenka da'da yar. Sida habka is dhexgalka bulshada u fidayo, sidoo kale waa in wada hadalka ku saabsan waxa laga aqbali karo cilaaqaad gaar ah. Waxa loo arko inuu yahay mid aan dhib lahayn hal rafiiq waxaa loo arki karaa inay tahay gaalnimo galmo uu sameeyo lammaane kale.
In kasta oo ay kaqeybgalayaashu u muuqdeen inay u arkeen labadaba habdhaqanka warbaahinta bulshada iyo dabeecadaha kale ee bulshada inay yihiin noocyo gaalnimo ah oo la barbar dhigo gaalnimo iyo adeegsiga qaawan, waxaa suuragal ah in saameynta loo arko dabeecadahaan ay yaraynayso, gaar ahaan xiriirka cilaaqaadka. Kaqeybgalayaashu waxay dareemi karaan in dabeecado la mid ah bulshada inay ku xad gudbeyso caadooyinka xiriirka nolosha dhabta ah, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa inay si yar u saameeyaan xadgudubka caadiga ah marka loo eego dhaqanka kale, ama waxay dareemayaan inay xaq u leeyihiin in yar inay ku dhaawacmaan xadgudubkaas. Daraasad labaad ayaa la sameeyay si loo xaqiijiyo in dabeecadihii hore ee la bartay, gaar ahaan dabeecadaha dhaqan ahaanta, runtii loo arkay inay tahay gaalnimo sidaasna ay u dhibayso cilaaqaadka, iyo in la isbarbar dhigo saameynta loo arko galmada, Dareenka, iyo gaalnimada, iyo in la sahamiyo jiritaanka iyo natiijada gaalnimada parasocial.
Waxbarashada 2 [TOP]
Habka [TOP]
Ka qaybgalayaashu [TOP]
Kaqeybgalayaasha waxaa laga shaqaaleysiiyay MTurk iyo jaamacad Midwwest ee Mareykanka. Kaqeybgalayaasha ardayda kuliyada ayaa waxaa kamid ahaa 68 haween ah iyo 29 rag ah oo da’doodu u dhexeyso 18 ilaa 28 sano jir (M = 18.91, SD = 1.69). Kaqeybgaleyaasha waxaa lagu shaqaaleysiiyay nidaamka SONA ee jaamacada, nidaam maareyn cilmi baaris internetka ah, waxaana lagu siiyay magdhaw daraasad cilmi baaris ah kaqeybgalkooda, oo loo adeegsan karo dhanka shuruudaha koorsada ama dhibcaha dheeriga ah. Kaqeybgaleyaasha MTurk waxaa ka mid ahaa 34 haween ah iyo 66 rag ah oo da’doodu u dhaxayso 19 illaa 59 sano jir (M = 31.60, SD = 8.15 sano), waxaana lagu siiyay magdhow $ 1.00 waqtigoodii. Inta badan kaqeybgalayaasha muunadda MTurk (N = 62) waxaa lagu soo waramayaa inay kujiraan xiriir go'an, halka 43 kaqeybgale ee muunad kulleejku ay kujiraan xiriir go'an.
Naqshadeynta / Tallaabooyinka [TOP]
Waxaan mar labaad ku sameeyay sahan khadka tooska ah anigoo isticmaalaya SurveyMonkey. Marka lagu daro su aasha aasaasiga ah ee juqraafi ahaaneed, tillaabooyinka waxaa ka mid ah dabeecadihii ay kaqeybgalayaashu horay u qiimeeyeen marka loo eego gaalnimada. Sidoo kale waxaa ku jiray dhowr dabeecadood oo cusub, oo ay kujiraan lammaane soo dhejinaya sawirrada Facebook-ga oo muujinaya akhlaaqda flirtatic qof kale, yeelashada akoon baraha bulshada, iyo u sheegida lammaanahooda inay jeclaan lahaayeen inay u muuqdaan kuwo sii burburay. Habdhaqan kasta waxaa lagu qiimeeyay barta isugeynta 0 ilaa 100 marka loo eego sida waxyeelo leh anshaxu wuxuu noqon lahaa haddii lammaanaha ka-qaybgalaha ahu inuu dejiyo dhaqan kasta. Qaabka loo soo bandhigayo habdhaqanka ayaa loo kala soocay kaqeybgale kasta. Kaqeybgaleyaasha sidoo kale waxaa la weydiiyay hadii ay waligood xiriir wadajiraan oo lammaanahoodu ay kulahaayeen xiriir jaaliyadeed oo jaceyl ah, iyo sida taasi u saameysay xiriirkooda.
Natiijooyinka [TOP]
Waxaan u gudbiyay kaqeybgalayaasha aragtidooda waxyeelada dabeecadaha si ay u baaraan qodobka falanqeynta iyadoo la adeegsanayo wareejinta tooska ah ee SPSS (tirakoobka sharraxa ayaa ku jira Shaxda 5). In kasta oo lix arrimood ay lahayeen Ajendayaasha ka sarreeya midka hore, haddana afar arrimood ayaa mar kale saadaaliyay 64 boqolkiiba kala-duwanaanta. Sikastaba, xalka afarta arimood khariidada kuma qarin sababihii hore - dabeecadihii horey loogu gartay gaalnimada shucuur ahaanta waxay ku dhacday labo arimood oo aan laheyn kala soocid cad oo dhanka fikirka ah, iyo dabeecadaha kaladuwan ee kuxiran hal arin. Marka, sedex xalka qodobka ah ayaa la baaray, oo sharxay 60 boqolkiiba kala duwanaanta (eeg Shaxda 6), iyo walxaha sida weyn u dhigma Jinsiga, shucuurta, iyo gaalnimo xagga galmada ah, iyada oo ay jirto kala duwanaansho u dhexeysa dabeecadaha soosaarka iyo khiyaali parasocial. Sidaas darteed, falanqeyntan ku xigta, gaalnimada Parasocial waxaa loo baaray inay tahay hal qodob.
Shaxda 5
Sharaxaadda tirakoobka ee Dhibaatooyinka Dabeecadaha, Daraasadda 2
| Shayga | M | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Galmo galmo qof kale | 95.09 | 13.37 |
| Siinta galmada afka | 93.01 | 16.55 |
| Helitaanka galmada afka ah | 92.75 | 15.98 |
| U dirista naftooda si xun qof kale | 88.79 | 21.24 |
| Shukaansi qof kale | 88.10 | 23.69 |
| Si joogto ah ayey iskugu mid yihiin isla qofkaas | 87.44 | 21.43 |
| Dhunkashada qof kale | 86.22 | 19.10 |
| Si joogto ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa dad badan | 86.04 | 23.53 |
| qoaal | 85.54 | 21.11 |
| Cayriin culus / la wadaaga qof kale | 85.02 | 19.42 |
| Sawirro la soo galiyay Facebook oo taabanaya qof kale | 79.86 | 23.26 |
| Seks Snapchatting | 78.73 | 25.32 |
| beenta | 74.69 | 21.77 |
| Cybersex oo ay weheliyaan qof aan la aqoon - mar keliya | 73.83 | 30.19 |
| Ka qaadashada naftooda qof xun | 72.37 | 32.40 |
| Waxay leeyihiin koonto Tinder / Bumble / la mid ah | 72.31 | 31.08 |
| Ka joojinta macluumaadka adiga | 69.84 | 26.20 |
| Ka xanaaqida qof kale | 67.91 | 28.69 |
| Wadaagista qiirada qotodheer qiirada qadka | 64.62 | 30.47 |
| Waxaa la ii sheegay inaad jeclaan laheyd inaad u egtahay burburin caan ah | 63.06 | 30.50 |
| Wadaagida qotodheer qiiro qiiro leh khadka tooska ah | 58.71 | 30.99 |
| Fantasi ku saabsan qof kale | 57.07 | 34.09 |
| Aadista naadiyadaha xariga la'aantood | 50.24 | 36.00 |
| Iibso / ka hel hadiyado qof kale | 50.08 | 35.16 |
| Ku yeelashada xiriir aan jinsi aheyn khadka tooska ah | 47.31 | 35.74 |
| Khadka tooska ah ku yeelashada xiriir galmo la'aan | 44.07 | 35.27 |
| Soo iibso / u soo dir hadiyado burburin caan ah | 39.08 | 31.87 |
| Qoob ka ciyaar qof kale | 38.72 | 29.58 |
| Dibadda ugu baxay inaad wax la cuntid / la cabto qof kale | 37.93 | 32.42 |
| Iskuday inaad la xiriirto burburin caan ah | 34.15 | 31.42 |
| Iskuday inaad la kulanto burburin caan ah | 32.16 | 30.88 |
| Fiiri porn of burburin caan ah | 29.75 | 32.69 |
| Muuqaalka porn adiga la'aan | 25.34 | 33.59 |
| Leh burburin caan ah oo caan ah | 21.78 | 26.56 |
| Fantasized ku saabsan burburin caan ah | 20.87 | 25.43 |
| Hingging qof kale | 18.87 | 23.66 |
| Xusuus-qorka u leh burburin caanka ah | 18.69 | 25.43 |
Shaxda 6
Daraasadda Daraasadda Factor Patrick Matrix 2
| Shayga gaalnimo | F1 | F2 | F3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Galmada | Parasoc. | Caqli | |
| Dhaladka | 14.90 | 5.85 | 1.92 |
| Kaladuwanaansho la sharaxay | 39.22 | 15.38 | 5.05 |
| U gal galmo afka ah qof kale | 0.928 | -0.097 | -0.120 |
| Cybersex si joogto ah isla qofkaas | 0.909 | -0.061 | 0.011 |
| Galmo afka ah ayuu ka helay qof kale | 0.907 | -0.080 | -0.099 |
| Si joogto ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa dad badan | 0.906 | 0.035 | -0.033 |
| U dirtay naftaada qof xun qof kale | 0.895 | -0.005 | -0.045 |
| Ku galmooday qof kale | 0.882 | 0.051 | -0.021 |
| Galmo galmo qof kale | 0.856 | -0.180 | -0.067 |
| Sexy Snapchatted | 0.830 | 0.106 | 0.051 |
| Qof kale dhunkaday | 0.723 | -0.081 | 0.170 |
| Cybersex oo ay weheliyaan qof aan la aqoon - mar | 0.680 | 0.205 | 0.013 |
| Ku hawlantahay kala soocid culus / fondling | 0.676 | 0.020 | 0.049 |
| Isu-soo-nooleyaasha qarsoon ee iimaylka ku soo gaadho emayl / sheeko / farriin | 0.540 | 0.127 | 0.247 |
| Waxaa la soo geliyay sawirro flirtatable leh qof kale barta Facebook | 0.530 | 0.087 | 0.281 |
| Ku wareejiyay qof kale | 0.502 | 0.092 | 0.340 |
| Tinder / Bumble / koonto la mid ah | 0.501 | 0.221 | 0.122 |
| Taariikhaysan qof kale | 0.497 | 0.008 | 0.020 |
| Xusuusnow xuska caannimada / burburka dhaqanka | -0.144 | 0.827 | 0.038 |
| Isku dayay in uu la kulmo burburin caan ah | 0.116 | 0.812 | -0.124 |
| Burbur waqti-dheer oo ku saabsan caannimada / dabeecada | -0.103 | 0.775 | 0.118 |
| Waxaan isku dayay inaan la xiriiro burburka | 0.109 | 0.759 | -0.173 |
| Fantasized ku saabsan burburin | -0.054 | 0.753 | 0.061 |
| Soo iibsaday / diray hadiyado burburin | 0.116 | 0.735 | -0.007 |
| Fiidmeerta la arkay ee burburka | -0.014 | 0.628 | 0.201 |
| Fiidmeerta la arkay | -0.051 | 0.462 | 0.177 |
| Xiray qof kale | -0.117 | 0.448 | 0.410 |
| Waxaan u baxay inuu hubo naadiyada adiga la'aantaa | 0.096 | 0.389 | 0.274 |
| Kuu sheegay adiga waxay jeclaan lahayeen inaad u ekaato sidii burburin | 0.289 | 0.359 | 0.153 |
| Macluumaadka qiirada leh ee lala wadaago qof kale khadka tooska ah | 0.003 | -0.045 | 0.767 |
| Macluumaadka qiirada leh ee lala wadaago qof kale khadka tooska ah | -0.070 | -0.022 | 0.702 |
| U baxay inuu wax la cuno qof kale | -0.005 | 0.194 | 0.669 |
| Macluumaadka lagaa xayiray | 0.035 | -0.020 | 0.613 |
| La iibsaday / hadiyado ka helay qof kale | 0.090 | 0.170 | 0.601 |
| Xiriirka galmada la'aan | 0.122 | 0.153 | 0.498 |
| Been baan kuu sheegay | 0.258 | -0.156 | 0.494 |
| Daanyeer qof kale | 0.059 | 0.266 | 0.445 |
| Fantasized ku saabsan qof kale | 0.333 | 0.224 | 0.380 |
| Xiriirka galmada aan tooska aheyn | 0.093 | 0.230 | 0.348 |
note. Boldface wuxuu muujiyaa culeyska ugu sareeya.
Galmoodka galmada mar labaad waxaa ku jira dabeecadaha internetka, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka Facebook ama baraha bulshada ee shukaansi, wadarta 16 dabeecadood (α = .952). Caddaaladda Maskaxda waxaa ka mid ah 10 dabeecad, oo sidoo kale gudaha ku jiray (α = .882). Garsoorku wuxuu kaloo ka koobnaa 10 dabeecadood, oo ay kujirto adeegsiga qaawan (pornography = .905). Hugging waxay u dhigantaa arrimo dhinac ahaaneed iyo mid shucuureed waxaana laga soo saaray falanqeyn dheeraad ah.
Waxaan sameeyay ANOVA isku dhafan oo leh seddex nooc gaalnimo sida doorsoomayaasha madax-bannaan ee maadooyinka dhexdooda ah, lab ama dheddig (lab ama dheddig) oo ah isweydaarsiga u dhexeeya maadooyinka madaxa-bannaan, iyo u gartay waxyeelo sidii doorsoome ku tiirsan. Waxaa ku dhacay saameynta ugu weyn ee nooca gaalnimada qiimeynta dhaawaca, F(2, 344) = 590.27, p <.001, η2 = .774. Isbarbardhiga lammaanaha ayaa muujiyay in guud ahaan, dhibcaha celceliska kufsiga Galmada uu aad uga sarreeyay (M = 82.56, SD = 18.29) marka loo eego gaalnimada shucuurta (M = 53.64, SD = 21.52) ama gaalnimo dhanka kale ah (M = 32.20, SD = 21.37), iyo In gaalnimad shucuureed loo arkay mid si aad ah uga xanuun badan gaalada Parasocial.
Waxaa sidoo kale jira saameyn weyn oo jinsi ah oo ku saabsan sida ay kaqeybgaleyaasha waxyeelada leh u arkeen dhammaan noocyada gaalnimada, F(1, 172) = 42.91, p <.001, η2 = .200. Isku soo wada duuboo, haweenku gaalnimadu waxay u arkeen inay waxyeello u badan tahay (M = 63.82, SD = 15.29) marka loo eego ragga (M = 48.62, SD = 15.30). Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa jiray saameyn yar laakiin weyn oo dhexmarta nooca gaalnimada iyo jinsiga ee ku saabsan waxyeelada loo arko, F(2, 344) = 3.45, p = .033, η2 = .02. Tijaabooyin madax banaan t Baadhitaanno ayaa muujiyey in kasta oo ay haweenku u badan tahay inay ku qiimeeyaan dhammaan nooc kasta oo gaalnimo sidii waxyeello ka sii badan, haddana farqiga ayaa si yar loogu dhawaaqi karaa dabeecadaha kala-sooca ah (eeg eeg) Shaxda 7).
Shaxda 7
Isbarbar dhigga Buundooyinka 'Hurtfulness Scores' ee Nooca iyo Jinsiga, Daraasadda 2
| Nooca gaalnimada | Haweenka M (SD) | Ragga M (SD) | t | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faraxumid | 37.94 (21.14) | 26.59 (20.17) | 3.63 *** | 0.55 |
| Caqli | 63.29 (19.10) | 44.21 (19.55) | 6.51 *** | 0.99 |
| Galmada | 90.22 (11.73) | 75.07 (20.39) | 5.99 *** | 0.91 |
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
ANOVA kale oo isku dhafan ayaa loo istcimaalay in lagu baaro saameynta da'da ee ku saabsan dhaawaca dhawrista dareenka ee noocyada kala duwan ee gaalnimada. Da'da waxaa lagu soo daray sida maaddada udhaxeysa maadooyinka. Waxaa jiray saameyn weyn oo da 'da'da ku saabsan qiimeynta gaalnimada, F(1, 172) = 6.88, p = .010, η2 = .038. Da'da ayaa si weyn u saadaalisay sida ay kaqeybgaleyaashu ugu qiimeeyeen galmada, t = -3.84, p <.001, iyo Daacadnimo Dareen, β = -.397, t = -2.18, p = .030. Markii da'da sii korodhay, kaqeybgalayaashu uma badna inay gaalnimo iyo shucuureed ku muujiyaan gaalnimo waxyeelo leh.
Natiijooyinka kama dambeysta ah ee ANOVA waxay muujiyeen inay jirto saameyn weyn oo muhiim ah heerka xaaladda xiriirka (xagga xiriirka go'an iyo ma aha) aragtida ah dhaawaca, F(1, 172) = 8.88, p = .003, η2 = .049. Tijaabooyin madax banaan t tijaabooyinku waxay muujiyeen in kaqeyb galayaasha xiriirka go'an ay u badan tahay inay qiimeeyaan dhamaan sedexda nooc ee gaalnimo sida ay uga nugul yihiin ka qeybgalayaasha aan ku jirin xiriir go'an. Shaxda 8).
Dood [TOP]
Guud ahaan, natiijooyinkani waxay xaqiijinayaan oo ay sii dheereeyaan natiijooyinka Daraasadda 1, waxayna soo jeedinayaan in si la mid ah cyberexex, galmada ama dabeecadaha jahwareerka ah ee ka dhaca warbaahinta bulshada loo arko inay waxyeello u yihiin gaalnimo jireed. Sababtoo ah dabeecadahaani ma u dhacayaan waji ka waji ah kama dhigayaan inay yareyso saameynta cilaaqaadka, waxaana muhiim ah in dabeecadahaan lagu sii barto marka loo eego heerka baahsan iyo saameyntooda xiriirka.
Intaa waxaa sii dheer, dabeecadaha la xiriira gaalnimada ka soo horjeedo sinnaan la'aanta waxaa loo arkaa inay la mid yihiin waxyeelo u leh sida isticmaalka qaawan. Sidii horeyba loo sheegay, cilmi baarista ayaa soo jeedineysa in isticmaalka qaawan, gaar ahaan xad dhaafka iyo solo, ay saameyn xun ku yeelan karto cilaaqaadka nolosha dhabta ah (Schneider et al., 2012), oo si xun u la xidhiidha ballanqaadka lammaanahaaga iyo si togan ula xidhiidha gaalnimo (Lambert et al., 2012). Natiijooyinka daraasadda 2 waxay xaqiijinayaan in kasta oo hal-dhinac ah, dabeecadaha dhaqan-xumada ah ay sidoo kale si xun u saameyn karaan cilaaqaadka jacaylka, gaar ahaan haweenka iyo kuwa xiriirka go'an.
Dood-wadaag guud [TOP]
Waxaa jira laba gunaanad oo ugu waaweyn cilmi baarista hadda socota. Marka hore, dhaqanka galmada ama galmada ka sameysan ee lagu sameeyo baraha bulshada waxaa runtii loo arkaa si la mid ah ma ahan kaliya dabeecadaha galmada-galmada laakiin sidoo kale gaalnimada jirka, iyo waxaa loo arkaa inay la mid tahay waxyeelo xiriirka jaceylka. Natiijooyinkaasi waxay u dhigmaan kuwa Whitty (2003; 2005), oo mar labaad soo jeedi in dabeecadda extradyadic aysan ahayn inay ahaato jir ahaan si loogu arko gaalnimo.
Intaa waxaa sii dheer, in kasta oo cilaaqaadka bulsheed laga yaabo in aan loo qaddarin in ay yihiin xiriir dhab ah oo ka baxsan dabeecadda hal dhinac ah, natiijooyinka daraasadaha hadda jira waxay muujinayaan in romantic parasocial roms parascial in lagu qiimeeyay si la mid ah iyo waxyeello u leh sida qaawan ee loo adeegsado khiyaanada jacaylka xiriirka laga filayo. Ku lug yeelashada cilaaqaadyadan waxay ku xadgudbi kartaa qawaaniinta aasaasiga ah ee la aasaasay ama loo maleynayo, sidaas darteedna waxay dhaawici kartaa cilaaqaadka. Natiijooyinka daraasadaha hadda jira waxay muujinayaan in xadgudubyadaan laga yaabo inay si gaar ah u yaqaaniin una saameeyaan haweenka da'da yar. Nasiib darrose, maadaama ay dadku waqti badan ku bixiyaan taleefannadooda caqliga leh iyo meelaha dhexdhexaadinta ah, ayaa haddana fursadda labada gaalnimo ee warbaahinta bulshada iyo gaalnimada dhinaca kale ay sii kordheysaa, sidoo kale suuragalnimada xiriirka cilaaqaadka. Mid ka mid ah aagaga cilmi baarista mustaqbalka waa in ay baaraan wada-hawlgalayaasha 'warbaahinta bulshada' ee la wadaagayo ee la xiriira labadaba dabeecad casri ah iyo dabeecado laxiriira bulshada. Sidoo kale ma cadda in wada-hawlgalayaashu ay wada sheekaysi ku saabsan waxa gaalnimada ah. Baarayaasha hore waxay ogaadeen in xiriirka ka dhexeeya lamaanaha uu si wanaagsan ugu xiran yahay qanacsanaanta xiriirka (Litzinger & Gordon, 2005). Sida adeegsiga qaawan ee sawirka, wada xiriirka ku saabsan shucuurta caadifadda ama dabeecadda galmada oo siyaado ah, oo ay kujirto warbaahinta bulshada ama arrimaha kale, waxay u horseedi kartaa kor u kac ku qanacsanaanta xiriirka. Baarayaasha mustaqbalku waxay u baahan karaan oo kaliya ma aha waxa dadku go'aansadaan inay yihiin gaalnimo, laakiin sidoo kale wajiyada gaalnimada ay ugala hadlaan lamaanahooda.
Maxay dadku gaalnimo ugu galaan? Daraasadda ku saabsan gaalnimada ayaa muujineysa in la'aanta xiriir ku qanacsanaanta haweenka (gaar ahaan haweenka) iyo ku qanacsanaanta galmada (gaar ahaan ragga) ay la xiriirto gaalnimo kordhaysa (Blow & Hartnett, 2005). Waxay noqon kartaa in dadku sidoo kale ku lug yeeshaan dabeecado cad iyada oo loo maro warbaahinta bulshada ama ay ku dhex galaan khayaali ku dhisan jinsi sababa la mid ah. Runtii, faa iidooyinka laga helo cilaaqaadka jaceylka ee bulshada waxay u egyihiin kuwa lamid ah kuwa ay qariyeen xiriirka jaceylka nolosha dhabta ah (Adam & Sizemore, 2013). Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa jiri kara kala duwanaansho muhiim ah ma ahan oo keliya sababta dadku sidan ugu dhaqmaan, laakiin sidoo kale gudaha kuwaas oo wuxuu fuliyaa noocyadaas gaalnimada ah. Cilmi baarista mustaqbalka waa inay wax ka qabataa su'aalahan.
Xaddidaadda [TOP]
Waxaa jira qaar xadidan oo muhiim ah oo daraasadahaan ah. Labada daraasadoodba waxay ahaayeen sahamis dabeecadda, waxaana loo sameeyay si loo arko haddii dabeecadaha dhaqan xumada ka baxsan xitaa loo tixgelin doono inay yihiin gaalnimo. Cilmibaarista mustaqbalku waa inay noqdaa mid ka tarjumeysa natiijooyinka guud ee ah in dabeecadaha kalasooca ah ee la arkaayo ay la mid yihiin isticmaalka qaawan, iyo in dabeecadaha warbaahinta bulshada ee siyaado ah loo arko si la mid ah gaalnimo-iyo gaalnimo galmada. Intaa waxa u dheer, tusaalooyinka yaryar uma oggolaan in la baadho saamaynta is-dhexgalka sarreynta ee u dhexeeya doorsoomayaasha u dhexeeya maadooyinka. Waxay noqon kartaa in ragga dhallinta yar, tusaale ahaan, laga yaabaa inay u arkaan dabeecadaha la bartay inay ka duwan yihiin waxa aan filan karno iyadoo ku saleysan daraasadda hadda jirta. Muunad weyn ayaa u oggolaaneysa baarista weyn ee saameynta is-dhexgalka si loo arko noocyada dadka ay u badan tahay inay gartaan dabeecadaha kaladuwan, gaar ahaan, gaalnimo.
Xaddidid kale oo daraasadahaas ah maadaama dhaqan kasta lagu qiimeeyay hal qaab oo keliya. In kasta oo tan loo qabtay si loo xaddido dhererka sahaminta, cilmi baarista mustaqbalka ayaa laga yaabaa inay diiradda saarto warbaahinta bulshada ama dabeecadaha bulshada ka dhexeysa oo si wanaagsan loo qiimeeyo aragtiyaha kala duwan ee dabeecadahaan.
Ugu dambeyntiina, inta jeer iyo aragtida dhaqanka warbaahinta bulshada ee siyaado ah iyo jaceylka kalasooca ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku kala duwanaadaan dhaqamada. Waxay u badan tahay in kordhinta warbaahinta warbaahinta iyo warbaahinta bulshada ay labadaba kordhin karaan dhacdooyinka dabeecadahaan, iyo inay saameyn ku yeeshaan caadooyinka loo arko dhaqankooda. Daraasadaha mustaqbalka waxay sidoo kale baari karaan dhacdooyinka qaraabada ah ee warbaahinta bulshada iyo gaalnimada jinsi ahaaneed ee la xiriirta isticmaalka warbaahinta guud ahaan, iyo guud ahaan saamiyada kala duwanaanshaha ee dadka.
Maalgelinta [TOP]
Qoraagu ma haysto lacag uu ku soo sheego.
Meelaha xiisaha leh [TOP]
Qoraaga ayaa ku dhawaaqay in aysan jirin xiisado tartan ah.
Mahadnaq [TOP]
Qoraaga ma haysto taageero uu ku soo warbixiyo.
Ansixinta Anshaxa [TOP]
Dhammaan nidaamyada lagu sameeyo daraasadaha ku lug leh kaqeyb galayaasha bina aadamka waxay ahaayeen kuwo waafaqsan heerarka anshax ee Guddiga Dib u Eegista Hay'ada iyo caddeyntii sanadkii 1964 ee Helsinki iyo isbedeladeedii dambe ama heerar la mid ah oo anshaxeed ah.
Ogolaanshaha la wargeliyay waxaa laga helay dhammaan ka qaybgalayaasha shakhsiyeed ee lagu daray daraasadda.
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