Matthias Brand le sehlopha sa hae se ithutoang ka litsebi tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa

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Matthias Brand ke hlooho ea lefapha la General Psychology: Cognition University of Duisburg-Essen (Sehlopha sa bafuputsi ba Brand). Lintlha tse ka tlaase mona ke lipatlisiso tsa kelello ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le litlhaloso tsa lingoliloeng / litlhaloso mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi / lithethefatsi, Brand eo le sehlopha sa hae ba hatisitse:

1) Ho sheba Litšoantšo tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Porn Porn Inthaneteng: Karolo ea Litlhahlobo Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate le Matšoao a Maiketsetso-Matšoao a Maiketsetso Bakeng sa ho Sebelisa Litšebelisano Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Tsa Inthanete ka ho Fetisisa (Brand et al., 2011) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ebeliso e matla le bolaoli bo futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Liphello li bontša hore mathata a boits'oaro ba bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng a amanang le liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka marang-rang a ne a boleloa ka likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, ha nako eo e sebelisitsoeng ho libaka tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng (metsotso ka letsatsi) ha ea ka ea kenya letsoho ho hlalosang phapang pakeng tsa likarolo tsa IATsex. Re bona ho tšoana ho teng pakeng tsa mekhoa ea kutloisiso ea bokooa le ea boko e ka tlatsetsang ho boloka li-cybersex tse feteletseng le tse hlalosoang ho batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea lithethefatsi.

2) Litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse sebetsanang le ho sebetsa ka mokhoa oa ho sebetsa (Laier et al., 2013) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ebeliso e matla le bolaoli bo futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Batho ba bang ba tlaleha mathata nakong ea kamano ea thobalano le kamora 'marang-rang, joalo ka ho se robale le ho lebala likhetho, tse amanang le liphello tse mpe tsa bophelo. Mokhoa o mong o ka lebisang mefuteng ena ea mathata ke hore ho tsosoa ha thobalano nakong ea thobalano ea Inthanete ho ka kena-kenana le matla a ho boloka mohopolo (WM), e leng se fellang ka ho hlokomoloha tlhahisoleseding e nepahetseng ea tikoloho mme kahoo ho etsa liqeto tse mpe. Lipatlisiso li senola bobebe ba WM boemong ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba mosebetsi oa 4-khutla ha o bapisoa le maemo a mararo a setšoantšo. Liphuputso li tšohloa mabapi le lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete hobane ho kena-kenana ha WM le litsebi tse amanang le lithethefatsi li tsejoa haholo ho tsoa mekhatlong ea lithethefatsi.

3) Likamano tsa ho kopanya liphate tsa ho kopanela liphate ka ho etsa liqeto ka tlase-ntle (Laier et al., 2013) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ebeliso e matla le bolaoli bo futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Mosebetsi oa ho etsa liqeto o ne o le bobebe ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano li ne li amahanngoa le likarolo tse kotsi tsa karete ha li bapisoa le ts'ebetso ea ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano li ne li amana le mekotla ea bohlokoa. Ho tsosoa ka thobalano ka thobalano ho lekanya kamano pakeng tsa maemo a mosebetsi le ho etsa liqeto. Phuputso ena e hatelitse hore ho tsosoa ha thobalano ho sitisa ho etsa liqeto, e leng se ka hlalosang hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba bang ba e-ba le liphello tse mpe ho latela taba ea ho sebelisa li-cybersex.

4) Lefu la Cybersex: Ho tsosoa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ha motho a shebeletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, eseng ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bang ho etsa phapang (Laier et al., 2013) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ebeliso e matla le bolaoli bo futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Liphello li bontša hore lits'oants'o tsa ho kopanela liphate li tsosoa le ho lakatsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng mekhoa e boletsoeng esale pele ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano nakong ea thuto ea pele. Ho feta moo, ho ile ha bontšoa hore basebelisi ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ka Inthaneteng ba tlaleha ho tsosa takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate le ho labalabela ho itšoara ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphuputsong tsena ka bobeli, palo le boleng bo nang le boits'oaro ba ho kopanela liphate bophelong ba sebele bo ne bo sa kopane le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano. Liphello li tšehetsa khopolo ea ho khotsofatsa, e leng ho qalang ho matlafatsa, ho ithuta mekhoa, le ho lakatsa ho ba le mekhoa e nepahetseng ho nts'etsopele le ho lokisoa ha lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa thobalano. Batho ba futsanehileng kapa ba sa khotsofatsang mabitso a bophelo ba ho kopanela liphate ba ke ke ba hlalosetsa ka mokhoa o lekaneng hore na lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete li lemalla hakae

5) Bokhoba ba Cybersex ba sebelisang basali ba bong bo fapaneng ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka hlalosoa ka ho khotsofatsa maikutlo (Laier et al., 2014) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlahang:

Re ile ra hlahloba basebelisi ba 51 ba IPU le ba nang le 51 basali ba sa amaneng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (NIPU). Re sebelisa lipotso tsa lipotso, re hlahlobile ho teba ha lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano ka kakaretso, hammoho le tšusumetso ea ho tsosoa ha thobalano, boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le ho tiea ha matšoao a kelello. Ho phaella moo, paradigm ea liteko, ho kenyeletsa le palo ea ho tsosoa ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa 100, hammoho le matšoao a ho lakatsa, e ile ea etsoa. Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore IPU e bontšitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tsositse haholo ebile e tlaleha takatso e kholo ea tlhahiso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e bapisoa le NIPU. Ho feta moo, takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho tsosoa ha litšoantšo, kutloisiso ea litakatso tsa thobalano, boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali le ho tiea ha matšoao a kelello ho boletsoe mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng ho IPU. Ho ba kamanong, palo ea batho ba kopanelang liphate, khotsofalo le batho ba kopanelang liphate, le tšebeliso ea ho kopanela liphate le ba bang ba ts'ebetsong ha ba kopane le lithethefatsi tsa thelevishene. Liphetho tsena li lumellane le tse tlalehiloeng bakeng sa banna ba bong bo fapaneng liphuputsong tsa pele. Lintho tse fumanoang mabapi le ho matlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea ho kopanela liphate, mokhoa oa ho ithuta, le karolo ea ho ts'oanela ho tsuba le ho lakatsa ho ts'oanela ho lemalla li-inthanete ho IPU ho hlokahala ho tšohloa.

6) Boikarabello ba Bopaki le Tlhahlobo ea Theory ka Lintlha Tse Etsang Hore ho be le Tšebeliso ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka Tšebelisano le Boikutlo ba ho Kopanela Liphate ka Tšebelisano le Maikutlo a Maikutlo a Maikutlo (Laier et al., 2014) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlahang:

Mofuta oa ntho e tloaelehileng eo hangata e bitsoang ho lemalla ho lemalla li-cybersex (CA) le mekhoa ea eona ea tsoelo-pele e tšohloa. Mosebetsi o fetileng o fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba bang ba ka ba kotsing ea CA, athe ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho matlafatsa le ho tseba-ts'ebetso e nkoa e le mekhoa ea motheo ea nts'etsopele ea CA. Phuputsong ena, banna ba 155 ba bong bo fapaneng ba ile ba lekanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba 100 'me ba bontša tsoelo-pele ea bona ea ho kopanela liphate. Ho feta moo, litloaelo tsa CA, ho utloahala ho tsitsitseng thobalano, le tšebeliso e sa sebetsang ea thobalano ka kakaretso li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Liphello tsa lipatlisiso li bontša hore ho na le lisosa tsa ts'oaetso ea CA le ho fana ka bopaki ba karolo ea ho khotsofatsa thobalano le ho sebetsana ka tsela e sa sebetseng ho nts'etsopele ea CA.

7) Lithethefatsi tsa Cybersex (Moetso & Laier, 2015). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Batho ba bangata ba sebelisa li-cybersex, haholo-holo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete. Batho ba bang ba lahleheloa ke taolo ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea bona ea Inthanete 'me ba tlaleha hore ba ke ke ba laola mokhoa oa bona oa ho sebelisa li-inthanete le haeba ba ka ba le liphello tse mpe. Lihloohong tsa morao-rao, lithethefatsi tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng li nkoa e le mofuta o tobileng oa ho lemalla Inthanete. Liphuputso tse ling tsa morao-rao li batlisitse ho tšoana ho teng pakeng tsa ho lemalla li-cybersex le lithethefatsi tse ling tsa boitšoaro, tse kang Internet Gaming Disorder. Ho nahanoa hore ho na le mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bang le ba bang. Hape, mekhoa e metle ea tsoelo-pele ea ho ntlafatsa le ho lokisa lithethefatsi tsa cybersex e kenyeletsa ho holofala ha ho etsa liqeto le mesebetsi ea tsamaiso. Liphuputso tse nang le mekhoa e metle ea tšehetso ea tšehetso ea tšebelisano-'moho le eona li tšehetsa hore ho na le litloaelano tse nang le moelelo pakeng tsa lithethefatsi tsa li-cybersex le tse ling tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng hammoho le botšepehi.

8) Litsebi tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng Ho lemalla: Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo (Love et al., 2015). Tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea lingoliloeng tsa methapo ea kutlo tse amanang le lithethefatsi tse nyenyane tsa Inthanete, tse nang le tsepamiso e ikhethang ho lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi tsa inthanete. Tlhaloso e boetse ea bohlokoa ka lihlopha tse peli tsa morao-rao tse tšoereng lihlopha tsa EEG tsa lihlopha tse tsamaisoang ke Nicole Prause (bao ka bohata ba reng li fumanoe li belaela ho lemalla lithethefatsi). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ba bangata ba hlokomela hore mekhoa e 'maloa e ka amang moputso oa potoloho ea boko ba batho e lebisa tahlehelo ea taolo le matšoao a mang a ho lemalla bonyane batho ba bang. Mabapi le lithethefatsi tsa Inthaneteng, lipatlisiso tsa kelello li tšehetsa maikutlo a hore mekhoa e metle ea li-neural e tšoana le ho lemalla lithethefatsi tse ngata ... Khatisong ena, re fana ka kakaretso ea likhopolo tse hlophisitsoeng ho lemalla ho lemalla lithethefatsi le ho fana ka kakaretso ka lipatlisiso tsa sauroscientific ho lemalla lithethefatsi le ts'oaetso ea lipapali tsa Inthanete. Ho feta moo, re ile ra hlahloba lingoliloeng tse fumanehang ka mahlaseli a kotsi litabeng tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng 'me ra kopanya liphello ho mokhoa oa ho lemala. Tlhahlobo ena e lebisa qetong ea hore ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ho lumellana le moralo oa lithethefatsi 'me o arolelana mekhoa e ts'oanang ea lithethefatsi.

9) Ho hokahanya ho nahanisisa ka maikutlo le kelello mabapi le tsoelo-pele le tlhokomelo ea mathata a khethehileng a ho sebelisa marang-rang: ho sebelisana ha motho-ho ama moqapi-mokhoa oa ho etsa (Brand et al., 2016). Tlhahlobo ea lits'ebetso tse hlohlelletsang nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea mathata a khethehileng a ho sebelisa Inthanete, ho kenyelletsa le "Inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-ho shebella bothata". Bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (le ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa thelevishene) ho khetholloa e le mathata a sebelisoang ke inthanete 'me ba behoa ka meriana e meng ea boitšoaro tlas'a mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi e le boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Le hoja DSM-5 e lebisa tlhokomelo papaling ea Inthanete, mongoli o nang le moelelo o bontšang hore batho ba batlang kalafo ba ka boela ba sebelisa lik'homphieutha tse ling kapa libaka tsa marang-rang.

Ho tswa ho boemo ba hona joale ba lipatlisiso, re fana ka maikutlo a ho kenyelletsa mathata a ho sebelisa Inthanete ho ICD-11 e tlang. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ka ntle ho bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng, mefuta e meng ea likopo e boetse e sebelisoa ka thata. Tsela e 'ngoe e ka akarelletsa ho kenyelletsa nako e tloaelehileng ea bothata ba ho sebelisa Inthaneteng, e leng ho ka boleloang ka ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea pele ea khetho e sebelisoang (mohlala, bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete, bothata ba papali ea papali ea Inthanete, Inthaneteng-bothata ba puisano, le bothata ba ho reka Inthaneteng).

10) Tlhokomelo ea Prefrontal le ho lemalla li-intanete: mokhoa oa thuto ea ho ruta le ho hlahloba liphuputso tsa maikutlo a methapo ea pelo (Brand et al., 2015) - [lipotoloho tse sa sebetsaneng tsa boipheliso / bohloki bo bobebe le ts'ebetso] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Tumellanong le sena, liphetho tsa ts'ebetso e sebetsang ea neuroimaging le lithuto tse ling tsa methapo ea kutlo li bontša hore ho ts'oaroa, ho lakatsa le ho etsa liqeto ke mehopolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa ho lemalla ha marang-rang. Liphuputso mabapi le phokotso ea taolo ea phethahatso li tsamaellana le litloaelo tse ling tsa boits'oaro, joalo ka papali ea chelete. Ba boetse ba totobatsa tlhophiso ea ketsahalo ena e le bokhoba ba tahi, hobane ho boetse ho na le ho tšoana ho hongata ka liphumano tse itšetlehileng ka lithethefatsi. Ho feta moo, liphetho tsa boithuto ba hajoale li tšoana le liphuputso tse tsoang lipatlisisong tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi 'me li totobatsa lipapiso lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa litloaelo tse ling tsa boitšoaro.

11) Mekhatlo e tobileng ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le batho ba ts'oaetsanang le litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate le li-sex-tholloSnagkowski et al., 2015) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bonts'a ho tšoana lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi 'me li pheha khang ea ho khetholla bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e le bokhoba ba boitšoaro. Ka ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi, mekhatlo e ikemetseng e tsejoa hore e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa, 'me mekhatlo e joalo e ikemetseng ha e so ka e ithutoa ka bokhoba ba cybersex ho fihlela joale. Thutong ena ea liteko, banna le barupeluoa ba 128 ba batona le ba batšehali ba qetileng tlhahlobo ea Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) e fetotsoeng ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho feta moo, boits'oaro bo bothateng ba thobalano, maikutlo a ho khahlisa thobalano, litabatabelo tsa ho lemalla ho ts'oaroa ka thobalano, le takatso e ikemetseng ka lebaka la ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Liphetho li bonts'a likamano tse ntle lipakeng tsa mekhatlo e ikemetseng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse nang le maikutlo le mekhoa e metle ea ho lemalla ho ts'oaroa ka thobalano, boits'oaro bo thata ba thobalano, kutloelo-bohloko mabapi le nyakallo ea thobalano le takatso e matla. Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo e lekantsoeng ea khatello ea maikutlo e senotse hore batho ba tlalehileng takatso e phahameng ea boikokobetso mme ba bonts'a litloaelano tse hlakileng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse nang le maikutlo a matle, haholo-holo a lemaletseng ho lemalla ts'oaetso ea cybersex. Liphuputso li fana ka maikutlo a karolo e ka bang karolo ea likamano tse ntle tse hlakileng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea bokhoba ba thobalano ea cyber. Ho feta moo, liphetho tsa boithuto ba hajoale li tšoana le liphuputso tse tsoang lipatlisisong tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi 'me li totobatsa lipapiso lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa litloaelo tse ling tsa boitšoaro.

12) Matšoao a ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng a ka kopanngoa le bobeli ba atamela le ho qoba tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso: liphello ho latela mohlala oa analog oa basebelisi ba kamehla ba inthanete ea Internet (Snagkowski, et al., 2015) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Mekhoa e meng e bua ka ho ts'oana le mekhoa e metle eo mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa kapa ea ho qoba ho eona e leng mekhoa ea bohlokoa. Bafuputsi ba 'maloa ba' nile ba pheha khang ea hore nakong ea qeto e amanang le lithethefatsi, batho ba ka 'na ba bontša mekhoa ea ho atamela kapa ho qoba tšusumetso e amanang le lithethefatsi. Phuputsong ea morao-rao 123 banna ba bong bo fapaneng ba ile ba qeta mokhoa oa ho qoba-mosebetsi (AAT; Rinck le Becker, 2007) e fetotsoe ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Nakong ea baithaopi ba AAT ba ne ba tlameha ho sutumelletsa maikutlo a bootsoa kapa ba e hulele ho bona ka thabo. Ho lemoha litakatso tsa thobalano, boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate le mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano ho ile ha hlahlojoa ka lipotso.

Liphello li bontšitse hore batho ba nang le litšekamelo tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng ba ne ba tloaetse ho atamela kapa ho qoba tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Ho phaella moo, lipatlisiso tsa boipiletso bo itekanetseng li senoletse hore batho ba nang le litakatso tse phahameng tsa ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ba bontšitseng mekhoa e metle ea ho itšireletsa / ho qoba, ba tlaleha matšoao a phahameng a ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete Lintho tse amanang le ho itšetlehile ka lithethefatsi, liphello li bontša hore mekhoa ea bobeli le mekhoa ea ho qoba e ka 'na ea phetha karolo ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bang le ba bang. Ho feta moo, ho sebelisana le kutloisiso tabeng ea ho tsosoa ha thobalano le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ho ka ba le phello e matla holim'a boima ba litletlebo tse ikhethang bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea inthanete. Liphuputso tsena li fana ka bopaki bo bong bo hlakileng ba ho ts'oana ha lithethefatsi le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Ho tšoana ho joalo ho ka khutlisetsoa ho tšoana le mehaho e tšoanang ea lik'homphieutha le lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi.

13) Ho khomarela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Ho hlokomoloha kapa ho hlokomoloha litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano le maemo a mangata ho amana le matšoao a lithethefatsi tsa ho kopanela liphate le ba bang ba libanese (Schiebener et al., 2015) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ehetso le bolaoli ba bolaoli bo futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Batho ba bang ba ja litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete, tse kang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ka mokhoa o lemalloang, o lebisang liphellong tse mpe bophelong ba bona kapa mosebetsing. Mokhoa o mong o lebisang liphellong tse mpe o ka fokotsoa ts'ebetso ea taolo ea ts'ebetso holim'a ts'ebetso le boitšoaro bo ka 'nang ba hlokahala ho lemoha ho fetoha ha sepheo pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea cybersex le mesebetsi e meng le boikarabelo ba bophelo. E le hore re rarolle ntlha ena, re ile ra batlisisa barupeluoa ba 104 banna ba nang le paradigm e nang le litekanyetso tse kholo tse nang le lihlopha tse peli: Setho se seng se ne se e-na le litšoantšo tsa batho, setšoantšo se seng se ne se e-na le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka bobeli li beha litšoantšo hore li behoe ho latela maemo a itseng. Sepheo se hlakileng e ne e le ho sebetsa mesebetsing eohle ea likarolo ho likhakanyo tse lekanang, ka ho fetola lipakeng tsa mesebetsi le lihlopha ka mokhoa o leka-lekaneng.

Re fumane hore ts'ebetso e fokolang ka mokhoa o fokolang pondigm ena e mengata e ne e amahanngoa le mokhoa o phahameng oa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng. Batho ba nang le tšekamelo ena ba atisa ho sebelisa kapa ho hlokomolohuoa ba sebetsang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa. Liphello li bontša hore tsamaiso e fokolisitsoeng ea taolo ea ts'ebetso ea ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata, ha e tobane le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e ka tlatsetsa boitšoarong bo sa sebetseng le liphello tse mpe tse bakoang ke lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba nang le mekhoa e metle ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ho bonahala eka ba na le tšekamelo ea ho qoba kapa ho atamela boitsebiso bo litšila ba ho kopanela liphate, joalokaha ho buuoe ka mekhoa e susumetsang ea ho lemala.

14) Ho khahloa ke thobalano le ho sebetsana ka katleho le ho se sebetse ho etsa hore ho be le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng (Laier et al., 2015) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse botsoalle pakeng tsa ts'oaetso ea CyberSex Addiction (CA) le lits'oants'o tsa thabo ea thobalano, le hore ho sebetsana le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano ho buisana le kamano pakeng tsa thabo ea thobalano le matšoao a CA. Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho leka ho phelisana ena ka mohlala oa banna ba bong bo tšoanang. Lipotso tse hlahlojoang matšoao a CA, ho utloisisa litakatso tsa thobalano, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa tšusumetso, boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali, matšoao a kelello, le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate bophelong ba sebele le inthaneteng. Ho feta moo, barupeluoa ba ne ba shebella livideo tsa bootsoa 'me ba bontša hore ba tsosoa ka thobalano pele le ka mor'a video e hlahisa maikutlo. Liphello li ile tsa bontša likamano tse matla pakeng tsa matšoao a CA le matšoao a tsosang takatso ea thobalano le thabo ea thobalano, ho sebetsana le boitšoaro ba thobalano le matšoao a kelello. CA e ne e sa amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le nako ea ho sebelisa li-cybersex ka beke le beke. Ho sebetsana le mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate ho arolelana kamano pakeng tsa thabo ea thobalano le CA. Liphello li tšoana le tse tlalehoang ka banna le basali ba bong bo fapaneng lithutong tsa nakong e fetileng 'me li tšohloa khahlanong le moelelo oa likhopolo-taba tsa CA, tse totobatsang karolo ea ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng le e mpe ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea litaba tsa Inthanete.

15) Ketsahalo ea Ventral Striatum Ha ho Shebella Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tse Ikhethang li Hlahlobisoa ke Matšoao a Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa ba Inthanete (Brand et al., 2016) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso / ts'oaetso] - Phuputso ea Jeremane ea fMRI. Ho fumana #1: Ketsahalo ea setsi sa moputso (ventral striatum) e ne e phahametse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse khethiloeng. Ho fumana #2: Ventral striatum reactivity e amanang le marang-rang a ho lemalla thobalano. Liphuputso tsena ka bobeli li bontša ho hlokomelisa le ho lumellana le mokhoa oa ho lemala. Bangoli ba bolela hore "Nako ea Neural ea ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Internet e tšoana le lithethefatsi tse ling." Tlhaloso ea sehlooho:

Mofuta o mong oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi ke ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe, tseo hape ho thoeng ke ho lemalla boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Internet kapa ho Internet. Liphuputso tse entsoeng ka mahlaseli a maiketsetso li fumanoe lipapaling tsa baithaopi ha barupeluoa ba shebeletse maikutlo a hlakileng a ho kopanela liphate ha ba bapisoa le boitsebiso bo sa hlakileng ba ho kopanela liphate le litaba tsa bokooa Hona joale re na le maikutlo a hore lipapali tsa bootsoa li lokela ho arabela litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ha li bapisoa le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa khethoeng le hore mosebetsi oa ventral striatum ka phapang ena o lokela ho amana le matšoao a ikhethileng a ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Re ile ra ithuta barupeluoa ba 19 ba bong bo fapaneng le setšoantšo sa paradigm ho akarelletsa le boitsebiso bo bong bo hlephileng ba bootsoa bo sa khethiloeng.

Litšoantšo tse tsoang mokhatlong o khethiloeng li ne li nkoa e le tse ling tse tsosang, tse sa thabiseng, le tse haufi le tse ntle. Karabo ea sekhahla sa Ventral e ne e le matla bakeng sa maemo a khethiloeng a bapisoa le litšoantšo tse sa khethoeng. Mesebetsi ea thibelo ea Ventral e fapaneng le eona e ne e amana le matšoao a boitsebiso ba ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng. Boikokobetso bo ikhethang bo ne bo boetse e le boitsebiso bo bolelang feela bo hlakileng boemong ba ho hlahlojoa ka matla ka boipheliso bo lekaneng le ho ba le matšoao a itekanetseng a ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng, boithabiso bo tloaelehileng ba ho kopanela liphate, boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, ho tetebela maikutlong, kutloisiso ea batho ba bang, le boitšoaro ba thobalano matsatsing a ho qetela . Liphetho li tšehetsa karolo ea sebopeho sa ventral ha ho etsoa moputso tebello le ho khotsofatsoa ho kopantsoeng le boitsebiso bo hlephileng ba bootsoa bo ikhethang. Mekhoa ea moputso tebello ea tlhahiso ea li-ventral e ka tlatsetsa tlhaloso ea neural ea hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba nang le litakatso tse itseng le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ba kotsing ea ho lahleheloa ke taolo ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

16) Ho lakatsa ka ho toba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le ho ithuta ka ho kopanela liphate ho bolela esale pele mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa ka ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano ka mohlala oa batho ba tloaetseng ho sebelisa li-cybersex (Snagkowski et al., 2016) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ho ts'oaea / ho hlohlelletsa, ho arabela likarabo tse ntlafalitsoeng] - Thuto ena e ikhethang e ile ea etsa hore ho be le libopeho tse sa jeleng paate, tse neng li bolela esale pele ponahalo ea bootsoa. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ha ho lumellane mabapi le litekanyetso tsa ho hlahloba lithethefatsi tsa ho kopanela liphate le ba bang ba inthaneteng. Ba bang ba atamela ho ngola lintho tse tšoanang le ho itšetlehile ka lits'ebetso tsa motsoako, tseo thuto ea boikhopotso e leng mokhoa oa bohlokoa. Phuputsong ena, banna ba 86 ba bong bo fapaneng ba ile ba qeta Standard Pavlovian ho ea ho Etsa Lintho tsa Boipiletso tse fetoletsoeng ka litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa ho ea batlisisa thuto ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa li-cybersex. Ho phaella moo, takatso ea ho ipeha tlasa ka lebaka la ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano e ile ea hlahlojoa. Liphello li bontšitse phello ea ho lakatsa ho ipeha kotsing ka mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate, e itekanetseng ke thuto ea metsoalle Ka kakaretso, liphuputso tsena li bua ka karolo ea bohlokoa ea thuto ea ho kopanela liphate bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea ho lemalla ho lemalla li-cybersex, ha e ntse e fane ka bopaki bo eketsehileng ba bopaki ba ho tšoana pakeng tsa ho itšetlehile ka lithethefatsi le ho lemalla lithethefatsi ka litaba tsa thobalano. Ka kakaretso, liphello tsa phuputso ea morao-rao li bontša hore thuto ea ho kopanya li ka 'na ea phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mabapi le tsoelo-pele ea ho lemalla li-cybersex. Liphuputso tsa rona li fana ka bopaki bo eketsehileng ba ho tšoana ho teng pakeng tsa ho lemalla li-cybersex le ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi ho tloha ha tšusumetso ea takatso ea ho ipeha tlaase le thuto ea mahlahana e bontšitsoe.

17) Boikutlo bo fetohileng ka mor'a ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng bo amana le matšoao a Inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-ho sheba bothata (Laier le Brand, 2016) - [litakatso tse kholo / tlhokomeliso, ho sa rate hakaalo] - Litlhaku tse ling:

Liphetho tsa mantlha tsa thuto ke hore litloaelo tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng (IPD) li ne li amahanngoa hampe le ho ikutloa o le motle, o tsohile, o khobile matšoafo hape o na le khatello ea kelello bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le sepheo sa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng le ho qoba maikutlo. Ntle le moo, litloaelo tsa IPD li ne li amana hampe le maikutlo pele le kamora ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng le keketseho ea 'nete ea khutso le khutso. Kamano pakeng tsa litloaelo tsa IPD le thabo e batlang ka lebaka la inthanete-ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ile ea lekanyetsoa ke tlhahlobo ea khotsofalo e nang le boiphihlelo. Ka kakaretso, liphetho tsa boithuto li tsamaellana le khopolo-taba ea hore IPD e hokahane le tšusumetso ea ho fumana khotsofalo ea thobalano le ho qoba kapa ho sebetsana ka katleho le maikutlo a ferekanyang le mohopolo oa hore maikutlo a fetoha ka mor'a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a hokahane le IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 'me Laier le Brand, 2014).

18) Li-predictors bakeng sa (Bothata) Tšebeliso ea Inthanete Tšusumetso ea ho kopanela liphate: Karolo ea Boits'oaro bo kopanetsoeng ka thobalano le Tsela e totobetseng Tendencies ho Litaba tsa ho Kopanela liphate (Stark et al., 2017) - [ho tseba ho hongata ho matlafatsa / ho hlohlelletsa / litakatso] - Litlhaku tse latelang:

Phuputso ea morao tjena e ile ea batlisisa hore na tšusumetso ea thobalano le mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate ke mekhoa e metle ea hore na SEM e sebelisoe joang le hore na letsatsi le leng le le leng le qeta ho shebella SEM. Ka teko ea boitšoaro, re sebelisitse Tsela ea ho Qoba ho Abela (AAT) bakeng sa ho lekanya mekhoa e metle ea litloaelo tsa thobalano. Tšebelisano e ntle pakeng tsa mekhoa e metle ea SEM le letsatsi le leng le le leng le sebelisitsoeng ho shebella SEM li ka hlalosoa ka liphello tse lebisang tlhokomelo: Tloaelo e hlakileng ea mokhoa o ka hlalosoang e le khethollo ea bohlokoa ho SEM. Sehlooho se nang le khethollo ena e ka 'na ea khahloa ke ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng se hlahisang nako e ngata e sebelisitsoeng ho SEM.

19) Mekhoa e metle ea ho sheba Inthaneteng-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-sebelisa bothata: Ho fapana ho banna le basali mabapi le ho hlokomoloha litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso (2018)  - [ho ba le ts'ebetso e kholoanyane ea ts'ebetso / ts'ehetso, litakatso tse ntlafetseng]. Litlhaloso tse hlahang

 Bangoli ba 'maloa ba nka Inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-li sebelisa bothata (IPD) e le lefu la ho lemala. E 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse' nileng tsa ithutoa ka matla ka litsebo tsa lithethefatsi le tse sa sebeliseng lithethefatsi ke ts'ebeliso e tsitsitseng ea ho lebisa tlhokomelo e amanang le lithethefatsi. Tlhokomeliso ea tlhokomelo e hlalosoa e le mokhoa oa ho nahanisisa oa maikutlo a motho ka mong o amehang ke lits'ebeletso tse amanang le lithethefatsi tse bakoang ke boikutlo bo matla ba ho khothalletsa batho hore ba se ke ba ba le eona. Ho nahanoa ka mekhoa ea I-PACE eo ka eona batho ba ka khonang ho hlahisa matšoao a IPD ka litsela tse hlakileng hammoho le cue-reactivity le takatso e hlaha le ho eketsa ts'ebetsong ea ts'oaetso. Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka karolo ea ho hlokomoloha ho hongata ho nts'etsopele ea IPD, re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso ka sampuli ea batšoaruoa ba banna le basali ba 174. Boikarabello ba tlhokomelo bo ne bo lekanngoa le Visual Probe Task, moo barupeluoa ba neng ba lokela ho itšoara ka metsu e hlahang ka mor'a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa tsa ho se nke lehlakore. Ho phaella moo, barupeluoa ba ne ba lokela ho bontša hore ba tsosoa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho feta moo, mekhoa ea IPD e ne e lekanyelitsoe ho sebelisa e le khutšoanyane-Internetsex Addiction Test. Liphello tsa phuputso ena li bontšitse kamano pakeng tsa khethollo ea boikhohomoso le matšoao a matšoao a IPD ka mofuthu lipakeng tsa lipontšo tsa cue-reactivity le takatso. Le hoja banna le basali ba atisa ho fapana ka linako tse ling ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​tlhahlobo e tsitsitseng ea ho fetola maikutlo e senotse hore ho hlokomolohuoa hoa etsahala ntle le thobalano ho latela maemo a IPD. Liphello li tšehetsa likhopolo tse utloahalang tsa mekhoa ea I-PACE mabapi le matla a khothatsang a litsekisano tse amanang le lithethefatsi 'me li lumellana le lithuto tse sebetsanang le ho fokotsa ho ts'oaroa le ho lakatsa ho ba le mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi.

20) Tšoaro le boikutlo bo feteletseng ba bo-'mè ba nang le tšekamelo ea ho sheba Inthaneteng-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-sebelisa bothata (Antons & Brand, 2018) - [Litakatso tse matlafalitsoeng, boemo bo phahameng le boits'oaro]. Litemana tse qotsitsoeng:

Liphello li bontša hore boitšoaro bo bobe bo amana le matšoao a phahameng a ho sebelisa Inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-ho sebelisa bothata (IPD). Haholo-holo banna ba nang le mekhoa e metle ea ho ba le tšusumetso e matla le ho ba le tšusumetso e mpe ea boemo bo hlephileng boemong ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba mosebetsi oa ho emisa likhukhuni hammoho le ba nang le litakatso tse matla ba bona ba bontšitse matšoao a matla a IPD.

Liphello li bontša hore mekhoa e mabeli le boikutlo ba naha bo phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea IPD. Ho ea ka mekhoa e mabeli ea mekhoa ea ts'ebetso lemalla ntho, liphello e ka 'na ea e-ba pontšo ea ho se leka-lekane pakeng tsa mekhoa e tsitsitseng le e bonahalang e ka bakoang ke boitsebiso ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Sena se ka fella ka ho lahleheloa ke taolo ho Internet-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa le hoja li e-ba le liphello tse mpe.

21) Khopolo-taba ea Litaba tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Mathata a Bakiloeng ke Boits'oaro bo bobe le Mekhoa ea Ts'ebeliso e Mpe ea ho Kopanela Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa: Na "Maemo" Ana a Mabeli a Fapane le a Khopolo? (2018) ke Matthias Brand, Stephanie Antons, Elisa Wegmann, Marc N. Potenza. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Re lumellana le "ho lemalla ho lemala" eseng nako e loketseng mme e ka 'nang ea e-ba bothata haholo. Tšebeliso ea palo e feletseng ea CPUI-9 ho hlalosa "ho lemalla ho lemala" ha ho bonahala eka ho loketse hore li-subscales tse tharo li hlokomele ka ho feletseng lintlha tse fapaneng tsa ho lemala. Mohlala, takatso ea ho lemalla ha e hlalosoe ka litekanyo tse ngata / mefuta-futa (tsena li ka fapana ka bongata ka mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi; bona hape puisano ea litekanyo tsa boholo-holo / mekhoa e amanang le likarolo tsa CPUI-9 Fernandez et al., 2017), le likarolo tse ling tse amanang le lithethefatsi ha li nahane ka mokhoa o lekaneng (mohlala, ho kena-kenana le likamano, mosebetsi, sekolo). Lipotso tse ngata tsa CPUI-9, tse kang tse amanang le ho tsieleha maikutlong le tse tsoang litekanyetsong tse amanang le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro / tsa bolumeli, ha li kopane hantle le tse ling tse peli tse amanang le CPUI-9 tse amanang le ho qobella le ho fihlella (Grubbs et al. ,, 2015a). Ka lebaka lena, bafuputsi ba bang (mohlala, Fernandez et al., 2017) li boletse, "liphuputso tsa rona li belaella ho loketse ha Mahlomola a Maikutlo a Maikutlo e le karolo ea CPUI-9," haholo-holo kaha ke karolo ea Mahlomola a Maikutlo a sa bontšeng kamano le bongata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho feta moo, ho kenngoa ha lintho tsena ka tekanyo e hlalosang "ho lemalla ho lemalla" ho ka fokotsa liphuputso ho fokotsa monehelo ho nkoang o sebelisetsoa ho qobella le ho fokotsa monehelo oa khopolo ea boitšoaro e amohelehang (Grubbs et al., 2015a). Le hoja boitsebiso bona bo ka fana ka ts'ehetso ea ho arohana ha lintho tsena ho ba bang ka tekanyo (e ka 'nang ea e-ba tšehetso ea moelelo oa tlhahlobo), lintho li lebisa tlhokomelo feela ka ho kula, ho hlajoa ke lihlong kapa ho tepella maikutlong ha u sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Maikutlo ana a nyahamisang a bontša feela hore ho na le liphello tse mpe tse amanang le Inthanete-litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse sebelisoang, le tse amanang le likarolo tse itseng tsa litumelo tse itseng tsa bolumeli. Ho tlosa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le PPMI, ke habohlokoa hore u se ke ua nahana ka lehlakore la PPMI feela, empa hape ho na le likamano tse ka bang teng pakeng tsa mekhoa ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi kapa e sa sebelisetsoeng le ho kenya letsoho ho PPMI e le ho utloisisa hantle maemo a mabeli le hore na, arohile. Grubbs et al. (2018) ho phehisana (karolong e reng: "Ho thoe'ng ka tsela ea boraro?") hore ho ka 'na ha e-ba le tsela e eketsehileng ea mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e leng ho ka kopanngoa le "sepheo sa ho senya" le PPMI ka nako e le' ngoe. Re pheha khang ea hore motsoako oa litsela tsena ka bobeli e ka 'na ea se ke oa e-ba karolo ea boraro, empa mohlomong ho na le mekhoa e nang le mathata a "bobeli" a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka mantsoe a mang, re beha hore mekhoa e meng e amanang le lithethefatsi le lintho tse susumetsang li ka sebetsa ho pholletsa le PPMI le "tšebeliso e senyetsweng." Lintho tsena li ka ba teng le haeba nako e sebelisitsoeng ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ka fapana le ho hlahisa mahlomola kapa ts'oaetso ho PPMI le " ho sebelisoa hampe. "" Maemong a mabeli, "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ho feta kamoo li reretsoeng kateng, tse ka fella ka liphello tse mpe le mahlomola, 'me litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li tsoela pele ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe. Ts'ebeliso ea kelello e thehiloeng ts'ebetsong e joalo e ka tšoana, 'me e lokela ho batlisisoa ka lintlha tse qaqileng.

22) Likarolo tsa ho se tsotelle le likarolo tse ling tse amanang le tsona li khetholla pakeng tsa ho ithabisa le ho sa sebelisoe ka molao ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Internet (Stephanie et al., 2019) - [litakatso tse matlafatsang, ho fokotseha ho hoholoanyane (boipaketsi), tloaelo]. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ka lebaka la tlhaho ea eona e tsotehang haholo, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete (IP) ke sepheo se reretsoeng esale pele bakeng sa boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Lisebelisoa tse amanang le ts'oaetso e 'nile ea khetholloa e le ba khothalletsang boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Phuputsong ena, re ne re batlisisa mekhoa ea boikhohomoso (tšekamelo ea ho hloka boikutlo, ho lieha ho theola, le mokhoa oa ho nahanisisa), ho lakatsa ho IP, boikutlo mabapi le IP, le ho sebetsana le mekhoa ho batho ba nang le mekhoa ea ho ithabisa-ka linako tse ling, ea boithabiso le e sa sebelisoang ka molao. Lihlopha tsa batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea boithabiso le ka linako tse ling (n = 333), tšebeliso ea boithabiso-khafetsa (n = 394), le ts'ebeliso e sa laoloang (n = 225) ea IP e fumanoe ka lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba.

Batho ba nang le lits'ebeletso tse sa sebelisoang ka molao ba bonts'a lits'ebeletso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho labalabela, ho se tsotelle, ho lieha ho fokotsa, le ho sebetsana ka katleho le boemo bo tlaase, bakeng sa ho sebetsana ka katleho le ho hloka tlhokomelo. Liphello li bontša hore likarolo tse ling tsa ho hloka ts'oaetso le lintho tse amanang le tsona tse kang ho lakatsa le boikutlo bo fosahetseng haholo ke tsa basebelisi ba IP ba seng molaong. Liphetho li boetse li lumellana le mehlala ea mathata a khethehileng a ho sebelisa Internet le boitšoaro bo hlephileng .... Ho feta moo, batho ba nang le maikutlo a sa sebelisoang ka molao a IP ba ne ba e-na le boikutlo bo fosahetseng haholo ho IP ha bapisoa le basebelisi ba boithabiso-khafetsa. Sephetho sena se ka 'na sa fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le tšebeliso ea IP ka molao ba na le tšusumetso e matla kapa ba khothalletsa ho sebelisa IP, le hoja ba ka' na ba ba le boikutlo bo fosahetseng ka tšebeliso ea IP, mohlomong hobane ba se ba ntse ba e-na le liphello tse mpe tse amanang le mokhoa oa bona oa ho sebelisa IP. Sena se lumellana le khopolo ea khothatso ea ho lemalla (Berridge le Robinson, 2016), e leng tlhahiso ea ho fetoha ho tloha ho lakatsa le ho batla nakong ea tahi.

Phello e 'ngoe e thahasellisang ke hore boholo ba pheliso ea liteko tsa post-hoc ka metsotso e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ka nako, ha ho bapisoa le basebelisi ba sa sebelisoang ka molao ba sebelisang boithabiso-khafetsa, e ne e le ho feta ha e bapisoa le lebelo ka beke. Sena se ka 'na sa bontša hore batho ba nang le IP e sa sebelisoang ka molao ba na le mathata a ho khaotsa ho shebella IP nakong ea thuto kapa ba hloka nako e telele ho finyella moputso o lakatsehang, o ka bapisoang le mofuta oa mamello ka mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi. Sena se lumellana le liphello tsa tlhahlobo ea diary, tse senole hore likhao tsa bootsoa ke e 'ngoe ea boitšoaro bo hlahelang ka ho fetisisa bathong ba batlang kalafo ba nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (Lentsoeecha et al., 2018).

23) Ho sebelisana ha litakatso le ho sebetsana le mekhoa ea ho sebetsana ka katleho le banna ka bongata ba banna ba nang le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea Internet-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2019)

Tšebeliso e sa lekanyetsoang ea Inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (IP) e khetholloa ke ho laola mokhoa oa ho sebelisa IP le ts'ebeliso e tsoelang pele ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ho labalabela ho kopanya phello ea matšoao a matla a ho se sebelisoe ha IP ka bongata ba tšebeliso ea IP. Mefuta e sebetsang ea ho sebetsana ka katleho e ka thusa batho ho boela ba laola boitšoaro ba bona ka ho sebetsana hantle le takatso. Sena se hlahisa potso ea hore na phello ea ho lakatsa ho sebelisoa ha IP e ts'oaroa ke mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho sebetsana le batho ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea tšebeliso ea IP e seng molaong.

Ka kakaretso, batšoaruoa ba 1498 ba bong bo fapaneng, banna ba IP ba ile ba kenya letsoho phuputsong ena ea inthaneteng. Barupeluoa ba bontšitse hore na basebelisi ba IP ba sebelisa eng, ho ba le matšoao a matla a ho sebelisoa ha IP, mekhoa e sebetsanang le ho sebetsana ka katleho, le takatso ea bona ho IP.

Tlhaloso e fokolisitsoeng e senola hore matšoao a tikoloho a ho se sebelisoe ha IP ka banna ba bong bo fapaneng e ne e amana hantle le tšebeliso ea IP. Phello ena e ne e fapelloa ka lebaka la takatso le ts'ebetso ea ho lakatsa ho sebelisoa ha IP e ne e lekanyelitsoe ke mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho sebetsana.

24) Likhopolo, thibelo, le kalafo ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2019)

Selelekela Boloetse bo qobelloang ba boitšoaro ba thobalano, bo kenyelletsang tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​bo kenyellelitsoe ho ICD-11 e le khatello ea taolo ea tšusumetso. Mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea bokhopo bona, leha ho le joalo, e tšoana haholo le litekanyetso tsa lits'oaetso ka lebaka la boits'oaro bo bobebe, mohlala, ho pheta-pheta liketso tsa thobalano e le sepheo sa mantlha bophelong ba motho, boiteko bo sa atleheng ba ho fokotsa boits'oaro bo botle ba thobalano le boitšoaro bo tsoelang pele ba boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano le leha e le bofe. e ba le litlamorao tse mpe (WHO, 2019). Bafuputsi ba bangata le baoki ba boetse ba pheha khang ea hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ka nkoa e le lemallo la boitšoaro.

mekhoa Ho ipapisitsoe le maikutlo a thuto ea kelello, lithuto tse matlafatsang li hlahlojoa ho latela potso haeba litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong le lits'ebetso tse kenelletseng mekhoeng e tlatsetsang li ka bonoa ts'ebelisong e litšila ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Results Ho etsa lintho tse ncha hape ho lakatsa ho kopants'oa le taolo e fokotsang taolo ea bokhoni, ho lemoha lintho tse senotsoeng (mohlala: mekhoa e atamelaneng) le ho fumana khotsofalo le matšeliso a amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho bontšitsoe ho batho ba nang le matšoao a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oereng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lithuto tsa Neurosciology li tiisa ho kenella ha lipotoloho tse amanang le bokhoba ba tahi, ho kenyelletsa le "ventri striatum" le likarolo tse ling tsa loonto e kholo ea nts'etsopele, ho nts'etsopele le ho boloka ts'ebeliso ea mathata a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Litlaleho tsa nyeoe le lithuto tse netefatsang taba li bonts'a katleho ea ts'ebetso ea meriana, mohlala, ts'oaetso ea opioid antagonist naltrexone, bakeng sa ho phekola batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tlhekefetso ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano. Liteko tsa bongaka tse laoloang ke sebaka se sa sebelisoeng hantle li hlokahala ho bonts'a litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa ho kenella hoa meriana. Lithuto tse hlophisitsoeng mabapi le katleho ea mekhoa ea thibelo bakeng sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ntse li haella, empa sehlooho sa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lipatlisiso le boits'oaro bo tlang.

fihlela qeto e Boithuto ba maikutlo le bopaki bo matla li fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhoa le ts'ebeliso ea maikutlo le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali le tsona li nepahetse bakeng sa bothata ba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Boithuto bo hlophisehileng bo rarollang maano a ho kena lipakeng ke bo bong ba mathata a mantlha a lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang tse fanang ka datha ea thibelo e thehiloeng ho bopaki le kalafo ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.