Bacha ba Australia ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litloaelano le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (2017)

Maikutlo: Phuputso e mabapi le lilemo tsa Australia 15-29 e fumane hore banna ba 100% ba ne ba shebelletse porno. E boetse e tlaleha hore ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ho tsamaisana le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello.

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Bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ba Aust NZJ. 2017 Jun 29.

Doi: 10.1111 / 1753-6405.12678.

Lim MSC^{1, 2,3}, Agius PA^{1, 2,4}, Carrotte ER¹, Vella AM¹, Hellard ME^1,2.

inahaneloang

LIPOTSO:

Har'a matšoenyeho a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba a hore ts'ebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ka ba le phello e mpe bophelong ba bacha le boiketlong, re tlaleha ho ata ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho lekola lintlha tse amanang le makhetlo a ho shebella le lilemo tsa ho shebella ha motho a qala ho li bona.

LITLHAHISO:

Patlisiso e fumanehang marang-rang sebakeng se bonolo sa bahlahisi ba lilemo tsa 15 ho isa lilemong tsa 29 tse hapiloeng ka phatlalatso ea sechaba.

LIKOTSO:

Ho lula u shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tlalehiloe ke barupeluoa ba 815 ba 941 (87%). Nako ea Median qalong ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le lilemo tsa 13 bakeng sa banna le lilemo tsa 16 bakeng sa basali. Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ho ne ho amana le bong ba banna, lilemo tse nyane, thuto e phahameng, boitsebahatso ba bong bo fapaneng, ba kileng ba ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehali le mathata a morao-rao a bophelo bo botle ba kelello. Bonyenyane lilemong ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa pele ho ne ho amahanngoa le bong ba monna, lilemo tse nyane tsa hona joale, thuto e phahameng, boitsebahatso ba bong bo fapaneng, bonyenyaneng ho qala thobalanong le mathata a bophelo ba kelello ba morao-rao.

CONCLUSIONS:

Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tloaelehile ebile e amana le sephetho se itseng sa bophelo bo botle le boits'oaro. Ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tsa nako e telele ho fumana sephetho sa ts'ilafalo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa linthong tsena. Litlamorao bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba: Ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho tloaelehile ebile ho etsahala khafetsa ho bacha ho tloha bonyenyaneng 'me sena se hloka ho nahanoa ka thuto ea thobalano.

LIHLOOHO: Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali; litaba tsa thobalano; bacha

PMID: 28664609

DOI: 10.1111 / 1753-6405.12678

Ptšebeliso ea Ornography e kanna ea ameha ka bophelo ba sechaba. Kholo e potlakileng ea marang-rang, li-smartphone le mecha ea litaba sechabeng sa bacha ba Australia e bolela hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e tloaelehile le hore na karolelano ea lilemo ho pepesoa ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fokotsehile lilemong tsa morao tjena.¹ Litlaleho tse tsoang matsatsing a khale le mahareng a 2000 li bonts'itse hore maemo a bophelo a pepesehelang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le 73-93% bakeng sa bashanyana ba lilemong tsa bocha le 11-62% bakeng sa banana ba lilemong tsa bocha Australia.^1,2 Patlisiso e nepahetseng e bonts'a hore bacha ba bangata ba Australia ba lumela hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ngata har'a lithaka tsa bona,³ ntle le melao e thibelang batho ba lilemo tse tlase tsa 18 ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.⁴

Kameho e ka sehloohong ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba mabapi le mekhoa ea ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ke hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ka ama likamano tsa botona le botšehali tsa bacha ka ho susumetsa kutloisiso ea bona eo boitšoaro le litloaelo tsa thobalano e leng tse tloaelehileng, tse amohelehang ebile e le moputso.⁵ Le ha ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ka bonoa e le ntle 'me ea fana ka mokhoa oa ho hlahloba boits'oaro ba motho,^6,7 Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata li bonts'a boits'oaro boo batho ba baholo ba bangata ba sa boneng e le ntho e ka sehloohong, kapa ba nkang e le monate, hape / kapa ba kotsing e kholo ea bophelo bo botle ba thobalano. Mohlala, ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse fumanehang marang-rang ke 2-3% ea batho ba bong bo fapaneng ba amanang le tšebeliso ea likhohlopo.^8,9

Ho na le 'mele o ntseng o hola oa lingoliloeng tse hlalosang tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bophelong ba thobalano, boitšoaro ba thobalano le bophelo ba kelello.¹⁰ Bacha ba tlalehile ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le mofuta oa thuto ea thobalano, joalo ka ho kenyelletsa mekhoa e bululetsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bophelong ba bona ba nnete ba thobalano.^11,12 Mohlala, lipatlisiso tse nang le bokhoni li bonts'a hore basali ba bang ba bacha ba ikutloa ba le khatello ea ho etsa thobalano e hlalositsoeng ho 15-32% ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea botona le botšehali tse kopaneng le batho ba bong bo fapaneng.^8,9 'me ba bangata ba re khatello ena e sebelisoa ke bootsoa ba balekane ba bona.¹³ Ka hare, lipatlisiso tsa nako e telele li fumane hore ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, le ho pepesetsoa khafetsa, ka bobeli ho amana le ho qala boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali lilemong tsa bocha.^14,15 Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea morao-rao e bonts'itse kamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boits'oaro bo botle ba thobalano har'a bareki ba baholo;¹⁶ bopaki bo hokahanyang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali har'a bacha bo tsoakiloe.¹⁷

Ho tsebisa leano la bophelo bo botle le thuto ea botona le botšehali, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore na bacha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joang le ho tseba hore na tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e na le litlamorao ho bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo botle. Patlisiso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amanang le ho fetoha hoa bongoana ho ba motho e moholo lilemong tsa li-smartphone ha e na meeli, 'me ha ho e-ba le lithuto tsa morao-rao tikolohong ea Australia. Ho na le marang-rang a tlhaiso-leseling ea morao-rao e fumanehang mabapi le lilemo ha motho a le lilemong tsa ho pepesa, khafetsa ea ho pepesa le mekhoa e sebelisoang ke bacha ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Phuputso ena e tlaleha ho ata ha pono ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho batho ba bacha ba Australia. E sekaseka lintlha tse amanang le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata le lilemo ha li shebiloe le hore na lintlha tse hlahelletseng tšebelisong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fetoloa joang ka bong. Re kholoa hore khafetsa lilemong tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata li amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo botle ba thobalano le hore mekhoa le likamano tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka fapana ka bong le banna ba bacha ba nang le monyetla oa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata le ho feta.

mekhoa

Moralo le mehlala Thutong ena e ne e le patlisiso e fumanehang marang-rang e nang le mohlala o bonolo oa Ma-Victoria a lilemo li 15-29, e ileng ea etsoa ka Pherekhong ho isa Hlakubele 2015. Tšoaneleho e ile ea hlahlojoa ka ho itlaleha khoeli le selemo sa tsoalo le khoutu ea poso. Ho hira ho sebelisitse mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ho kenyelletsa lipapatso tse lefuoang ho Facebook, e lebisitsoeng ho Ma-Victoria ba lilemo li 15-29, le lipapatso tse arolelanoang ka marang-rang a litsebi le a batho ka bomong. Lipapatso ha lia ka tsa bua ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​empa li hlalositse phuputso eo e le mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba thobalano. Barupeluoa ba qetile lipotso tsa inthanete tse koahelang lihlooho tsa palo ea batho, bophelo bo botle ba thobalano le boits'oaro, le boits'oaro bo bong. Lenane la lipotso le fetotsoe ho tsoa lipatlisisong tsa 'Thobalano, Lithethefatsi, le Rock'n'Roll' tse bokelletseng lintlha tsa kotsi le bophelo bo botle ho bacha ho tloha 2005.¹⁸ Barupeluoa ba bile le monyetla oa ho hapa voutu ea limpho. Ho amoheloa ho ile ha fanoa ke Komiti ea Litekanyetso tsa Boithuto ba Batho ea Alfred Hospital.

Mehato

Palo ea batho e kenyelelitse bong (monna, mosali, transgender kapa tse ling) le lilemo, tse neng li sebetsoa ho tloha khoeling le selemo sa tsoalo. Barupeluoa ba tlalehile lilemo tseo ba qalileng ho ba le boitšoaro bo fapaneng ba thobalano, kapa ba bonts'a hore ha ba so ka ba etsa boits'oaro boo; Boitšoaro bona bo ne bo kenyelletsa ho ama litho tsa botona kapa tsa botšehali tsa molekane oa hau ka matsoho, ho ts'oaroa litho tsa hau tsa botona le botšehali ka letsoho la molekane, ho fana ka thobalano ka molomo, ho kopanela liphate ka molomo, botona ba botšehali ka botšehaling (botoneng ka botšehaling). Leqepheng lena lohle, re sebelisa poleloana 'thobalano' ho bua ka efe kapa efe ea mekhoa ena e tšeletseng, athe 'thobalano' e supa feela thobalano ea ka botšehaling kapa ka morao.

Liphello

Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa lipotso tse 'ne tse amanang le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; (Ha ho tlhaloso e qaqileng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fanoeng lebokoseng la lipotso):

• U ne u le lilemo li kae ha u ne u qala ho bona litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? (khetho e sa kang ea bonoa e fanoe)
• Likhoeling tsa ho qetela tsa 12, u shebile hangata litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso? 'ha ho mohla', 'e ka tlase ho khoeli le khoeli', 'khoeli le khoeli', 'beke le beke kapa' letsatsi le letsatsi '.
• U ne u ikutloa joang ka see? 'metsamao / jarollotsoe ka mohala oa selefouno', 'o hasantsoe / o jarollotsoe khomphuteng', 'DVD', 'live webcam', 'limakasine / libuka' kapa 'tse ling'
• U ne u tloaetse ho bona see ka mang? 'le molekane', 'le metsoalle', kapa 'ka' na '

Bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa, 'beke le beke' le 'letsatsi le letsatsi / hoo e ka bang letsatsi le letsatsi' li ne li kopantsoe joalo ka 'beke kapa ho feta'.

Lipontšo

Lintlha tse latelang li kenyellelitsoe ho mehlala, tse ipapisitse le li-hypotheses tsa rona:

Boiphihlelo ba pele ba thobalano - Ba tlalehang pele ba kopanela liketsong tsa bootsoa bofe kapa bofe (tse thathamisitsoeng kaholimo) ka lilemo tsa 15 kapa tse nyane ba ne ba thathamisitsoe e le batho ba banyane lilemong ba neng ba kopana le thobalano pele.

Anal sex - Ho ba le thobalano ea boithuto ea mohlahare e kileng ea nkuoa e ne e nkoa e le mofuta o fapaneng oa binary.

Kotsi ea thobalano - Kotsi ea tšoaetso ea thobalano (STI) e ne e tšoaetsanoa ho ba se nang kotsi e tlase, kapa e phahameng; barupeluoa ba tlalehang likamano tsa botona le botšehali ntle le ho sebelisa likhohlopo le mang kapa mang oa: baratuoa ba bacha, balekane ba tloaetseng ho robala le bona kapa balekane ba fetang a le mong likhoeling tse fetileng tsa 12 ba ne ba khethiloe ba le kotsing e kholo; bao ba neng ba bile le thobalano empa ba lula ba sebelisa likhohlopo kapa ba tlaleha feela molekane a le mong selemong se fetileng ba ile ba tšoaroa joalo ka kotsi e tlase; Barupeluoa ba sa tlaleheng boiphihlelo bofe kapa bofe ba thobalano ba nkuoe e se kotsing. Ba neng ba se na boiphihlelo ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali ba ne ba nkuoa e le selelekela litlhahlobisong.

Bophelo bo botle ba kelello - Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa hore ba arabe ka e kapa che ho "Likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng o kile oa ba le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello? Sena se kenyelletsa litaba life kapa life tseo u e-s'o bue le setsebi sa bophelo bo botle. ”

Maemo a bophelo - Barupeluoa ba bontšitse hore na ba lula le mang; ena e ne e le dichotomised ho ba lulang le balekane ba bona kapa ba sa luleng le balekane ba bona.

Thuto - Barupeluoa ba bontšitse thuto e phahameng ka ho fetisisa eo ba e qetileng. Sena se ne se entsoe ho thuto efe kapa efe ea kamora sekolo se phahameng kapa che.

Boitsebiso ba thobalano - Barupeluoa ba ile ba supa boitsebahatso ba bona ba thobalano. Sena se ne se sa hloloheloe ho tsa bong bo fapaneng kapa ba bong bo fapaneng, basodoma, batho ba babeli, ho botsa lipotso, ho hlasela kapa ho tsebahatsa batho ba bang ka thobalano (GLBQQ +).

Analysis

Litlhatlhobo tsa tafole ea maemo a tšohanyetso li sebelisitsoe ho fana ka litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha boits'oaro ba batho, bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo amanang le thobalano le mekhoa ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Khafetsa ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hona joale

Litlamorao tsa khafetsa tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ne li ikemiselitsoe ka ho sebelisa mokhoa o sa lumellaneng oa ho rarolla mathata; ka bobeli bivariate le multivariate (ho kenyelletsa le mefuta eohle e ikemetseng). Ho fumana hore na litlamorao tsa mabaka a itseng li fetotsoe ke bong, ho ile ha hakangoa mehlala e fokolang ea tšebeliso ea mantsoe le tšebelisano. Moo ho nahanoang ho sa lumellaneng ho neng ho sa kopane bakeng sa litlamorao tse itseng tsa mehlala e boletsoeng (ke hore, litlamorao tse ikemetseng tsa ntho e fapaneng maemong ohle a pono ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa)¹⁹ e ne e sebelisetsoa ho qaqisa li-covariate tse khethehileng tsa mokhoa oa ho khutla oa marang-rang bakeng sa ho phomola litšitiso tse lekanang. Liteko tsa brant²⁰ le litlhahlobo tsa menyetla ea ho lekanya lipakeng tsa mefuta e nyarositsoeng ea mocheso (mefuta e sa qobelloang e khathollang maikutlo a lekantsoeng bakeng sa lintlha tse khethiloeng) e ile ea sebelisoa ho fana ka tlhaiso ea lipalo mabapi le hore na data e kopane le khopolo-taba ea ho se lumellane ho lekanang.

Nako ea pele ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa

Batho ba amanang lilemong ba neng ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa pele, ba ne ba ikemiselitse ho sebelisa kotsi ea kotsi ea Cox,²¹ ho nka hloko tlhahlobo ea tlhaho ea tlhaiso-leseling ka lebaka la barupeluoa ba ithutoang ba neng ba ntse ba lokela ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka nako ea lipatlisiso. Ntle le litlamorao tse kholo, mantsoe a ts'ebelisano a ne a hakanngoa hape mehlaleng ena ea ho pholoha ho hlahloba hore na litlamorao li fetotsoe ke bong joang. Lilemo tsa Median qalong ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​likamano tsa botona le botšehali le thobalano le tsona li ne li ikemiselitse ho sebelisa mokhoa ona.

Mokhoa o felletseng oa linyeoe o sebelisitsoe ho hlahlobisisa moo barupeluoa ba nang le data e haellang ho eng kapa eng ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse hlahang ba sa kenyelletsoa tlhahlobisong. Tshekatsheko yohle e ile ya etswa ho sebediswa mofuta wa Stata dipalopalo 13.1.

Results

Har'a batho ba 1,001 ba hlahlobiloeng, ba robong ba khethiloeng e le bong bo bong ba 'transgender' kapa 'tse' empa ba sa kenyelletsoa tlhahlobisong ka lebaka la linomoro tse nyane lihlopheng tsena. Barupeluoa ba eketsehileng ba 26 ha baa ka ba araba lipotso mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me 25 e bonts'a data e haellang ho li-covariate tsa bohlokoa' me e sa kenyelletsoa tlhahlobisong. Lintlha tse lahlehileng tsa "covariate" ha li fapane haholo le tse kenyellelitsoeng tlhahlobisong ea makhetlo a mangata ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (p= 0.555) kapa lilemo qalong ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (p= 0.729).

Ho barupeluoa ba 941 ba kenyellelitsoeng, 73% e ne e le basali 'me nako ea bohareng e ne e le lilemo tsa 20 (IQR 17-24) bakeng sa basali le lilemo tsa 21 (IQR 19-25) ho banna. Tafole 1 e bonts'a litšobotsi tsa ba arabelang. Har'a barupeluoa ba 804 ba tlalehileng hore ba kile ba ba le thobalano efe kapa efe ea thobalano le motho eo ba ratanang le eena, lilemo tsa Median qalong tsa thobalano e ne e le lilemo tsa 16 (IQR 16-17) bakeng sa basali le lilemo tsa 16 (IQR 16-16) ho banna. Har'a barupeluoa ba 710 ba tlalehileng hore ba kile ba ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehali, nako ea Median qalong ea thobalano e ne e le lilemo tsa 17 (IQR 17-18) bakeng sa basali le lilemo tsa 18 (IQR 17-18) ho banna.

Tafole ea 1. Mehlala ea boits'oaro ba sechaba, bophelo bo botle le likotsi tsa thobalano: Palo (n) le liperesente (%) (n = 941).

Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kamehla ho tlalehiloe ke bankakarolo ba 815 (87%). Barupeluoa ba banna ba tlaetse khafetsa pono ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta bankakarolo ba basali (Lethathamo 2). Boholo ba karolo (n = 629, 87%) hangata ba ne ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba le bang 'me hangata ba pharalatsa kapa ba ho jarolla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khomphuteng kapa mohala. Mokha oa Median qalong ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le lilemo tsa 13 bakeng sa bankakarolo ba banna (95% CI = 12-13) le lilemo tsa 16 bakeng sa bankakarolo ba basali (95% CI = 16-16; p

Re bapisitse lilemo tsa bankakarolo qalong ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lilemo tsa bona ka lekhetlo la pele ba etsa thobalano. Barupeluoa ba mashome a mane a metso e mene (5%) ba tlaleha hore ha ba so ka ba sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kapa ba kopana le thobalano, 536 (57%) ba ne ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa pele ho thobalano, 80 (9%) ba bile le lilemo tse tšoanang, mme 281 (30%) ba ne ba le banyenyane kamanong ea bona ea pele ea thobalano ha ba bapisoa le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa pele.

Liteko tsa brant li bonts'itse hore khopolo ea menahano e fapaneng ea mofuta o boletsoeng e ne e sa utloahale ha ho fanoa ka datha (χ²(20) = 50.3; p<0.001). Kotsi ea thobalano (χ²(2) = 11.8; p= 0.003) le bophelo bo botle ba kelello (χ²(2) = 5.7; p= 0.05) lintlha li bonts'itse litla-morao tse senang tekanyo. Sena se ts'ehelitsoe ka lipalo ka tlhahlobo ea tekanyo ea bokhoni ba ho tsoa mefuteng ea mokokotlo, e leng se bonts'itseng hore mohlala o fapaneng oa khatello ea maikutlo le boikhathollo bo itseng ba ho lekana (joalo ka kotsi ea thobalano le mabaka a bophelo bo botle ba kelello) o bontšitse hantle ho feta mohlala o hatelletsoeng ka botlalo (LR χ²(6) = 31.5; p<0.001). Kahoo, bakeng sa kotsi ea thobalano le bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho ile ha sebelisoa mofuta o sa koaloang.

Lethathamo 3 e bonts'a mekhoa e metle ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ho sebelisa mehlala e bobebe. Barupeluoa ba basali ba ne ba sa khone ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ha ba bapisoa le banna ba nkang karolo (AOR = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.01-0.12). Litlhahlobo li bonts'itse hore ha ho bapisoa le barupeluoa ba bong bo fapaneng, bao e neng e le GLBQQ + ba ne ba khona ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata khafetsa (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI = 2.20-4.21); mme ba nang le thuto ea morao-rao e ne e le 48% monyetla o moholo (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.01-2.17) ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ho feta ba nang le thuto ea sekondari feela. Ba tlalehang boiphihlelo ba botona le botšehali ba ne ba kanna ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.09-2.06); leha ho le joalo, tekanyetso ea ts'ebelisano lipakeng tsa botona le botšehali le botšehali (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.03-5.90; Wald χ²(1) = 4.14; p= 0.042) e bonts'itse hore mokhatlo ona o ne o tloaetse basali feela (banna: AOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.33-1.45; basali: AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.12-2.63). Ha ho ts'ebelisano e kholo e fumanoeng lipakeng tsa bong le boits'oaro ba thobalano (Wald χ²(1) = 2.29; p= 0.13) kapa bong le maemo a bophelo (Wald χ²(1) = 0.17; p= 0.68).

Tafole ea 3. Lintho tse amanang le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa: litekanyo tse lekanang tsa khatello ea maikutlo ho tsoa mefuteng e kopaneng ea linear le latent e bonts'ang e sa hlophisehe (OR) le e lekantsoeng (AOR), likhaohano tsa boits'epo (95% CI) le boleng ba monyetla (p-Beli) (n = 941) †.

Ha ho bapisoa le ba neng ba e-so ka ba ba le thobalano, batho ba kopanelang thobalanong ba nkileng ho ba kotsing e tlase (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.23-2.98) kapa kotsi e kholo (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.44-4.16) Boitšoaro bo ne bo ka tlaleha ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka tlase ho khoeli le khoeli, empa ho ne ho se na phapang ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ho feta lihlopha tsena. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho bile le heterogeneity phello ea mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello maemong ohle a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha ho bapisoa le ba se nang tlaleho ea mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng, ba neng ba tlaleha mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello nakong ena ba ne ba le monyetla oa ho tlaleha ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka tlase ho khoeli le khoeli (AOR = 65; 1.65% CI = 95-1.18) le 2.31% monyetla oa ho shebella beke le beke kapa ho feta hangata (AOR = 52; 1.52% CI = 95-1.06).

Lethathamo 4 e bontša likarolo tsa lilemo tsa pele ka ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Boemong ba "Cox" bo bongata, lilemong tsa bonyane qalong ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tlalehiloe ke barupeluoa bao e neng e le banna, ba sa le banyenyane lilemong, ha joale ba lula le molekane, ba ne ba e-so phethe sekolong se phahameng, ba le lilemong tse tlase tsa thobalano pele, mme ea tlalehileng bophelo ba kelello ba morao tjena bothata. Ba tlalehang boitsebahatso ba botona le botšehali ba GLBQQ le bona ba ne ba le monyetla oa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tloha bonyenyaneng (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.05-1.48); leha ho le joalo, tekanyetso ea ts'ebelisano lipakeng tsa boits'oaro ba thobalano le bong (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.43-3.02; Wald χ²(1) = 14.6; p<0.01)) e bonts'a mokhatlo ona o koaletsoe basali feela (banna: AHR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.50-1.04; basali: AOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.34-1.99).

Letlapa la 4. Correlates ea lilemo tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka lekhetlo la pele: Likotsi tsa Cox tse lekanang le khatello ea maikutlo li bonts'a likotsi tse sa fetoloang (HR) le likhahla tsa likotsi tsa (AHR), likhaohano tsa boits'epo ba 95% (95% CI) le boleng ba monyetla (p-values).

Puisano

Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le mokhoa o tloaelehileng har'a bacha ho sampole ea rona, haholoholo har'a bahlankana. Karolo e lekholo ea bahlankana le 82% ea basali ba bacha ba kile ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Nako ea Median qalong ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le lilemo tsa 13 bakeng sa banna le lilemo tsa 16 bakeng sa basali. Liperesente tse mashome a robeli a metso e mene tsa bahlankana le 19% ea basali ba bacha ba ne ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa beke le beke kapa ka letsatsi. Phuputso ea naha ea Bobeli ea Australia ea Bophelo le Kamano, e entsoeng 2012-2013, ha e kenyeletse khafetsa kapa lilemo tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; leha ho le joalo, e fumane hore karolo e tlase ea bacha e kile ea shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: 84% ea banna ba lilemo li 16-19; 89% ea banna ba lilemo li 20-29; 28% ea basali ba lilemo li 16-19; le 57% ea basali ba lilemo li 20-29.²² Liphuputso tse ling tsa Australia li bontša hore palo ea batho ba sa tsoa shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ntse e eketseha. Ho 2012-13, 63% ea banna le 20% ea basali ba lilemo li 16 le ho feta ba ne ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa selemong se fetileng.²³ Ha ho bapisoa, ho 2001-02, 17% ea banna le 12% ea basali ba ne ba etetse sebaka sa marang-rang sa thobalano marang-rang.²⁴ Peresente ea MaAustralia a shebang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa pele a tsofala 16 e eketsehile ho tloha 37% ho li-1950s ho isa 79% mathoasong a 2000.¹

Basali ba ne ba fokola haholo ho feta banna ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, ba li shebelletse hangata, 'me ba qala ho shebella ba tsofetse. Ho fumana hona ho tsamaellana le lipatlisiso tsa Amerika tsa hore banna ba tlalehiloeng ba na le monyetla oa ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthaneteng ba sa le banyenyane ho feta basali.²⁵ Le ha banna e ne e le bareki ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo, ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore har'a 82% ea basali ba bacha ba neng ba tlaleha ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata (84%) ba ne ba shebella ba le bang 'me 22% e shebelletse bonyane beke le beke. Sena se bontša hore ho na le palo e kholo ea basali ba bacha ba shebang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa. Patlisiso e fetileng e bontšitse hore bashanyana ba lilemong tsa bocha ba tlaleha maikutlo a nepahetseng ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta banana ba lilemong tsa bocha; leha ho le joalo, banana ba ba le menahano e metle ha ba ntse ba hola.²⁵

Re fumane ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a batho ba bacha ba GLBTIQQ; hona ho tsamaisana le lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng.^26,27 Ho fumana hona ho ka bonts'a ho haella ha tlhaiso-leseling litloaelong tse atamelaneng tsa thobalano e senang maikutlo a mangata, ho bakang tlhokahalo ea ho fumana tlhahisoleseling ena ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.²⁸ Mohlala, thutong e nang le bokhoni ba bashanyana ba lilemong tsa bocha ba khahlileng bashemane, barupeluoa ba tlaleha ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ithuta ka litho tsa thobalano le ts'ebetso, mechini ea bong bo tšoanang, ho ithuta ka ts'ebetso ea thobalano le likarolo le ho utloisisa hore na thobalano e lokela ho ikutloa joang ho mantsoe a thabo le bohloko.⁶

Ho basali, ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa e ne e amahanngoa le ho ba le thobalano ea anal. Patlisiso e fetileng e fumane hore basali ba bang ba fumana ho le monate ho kopanela liphate; le ha ho le joalo, basali ba tlaleha hore ho etsa thobalano ea anal ho monate ho feta ho etsa banna ka kakaretso.²⁹ Phuputsong e le 'ngoe e loketseng, basali ba tlaleha hore ba hatelloa kapa ba qobelloa ho etsa thobalano ea botšehali ke balekane ba banna ba boneng thobalano ea bootsoa litsing tsa thobalano.¹³ Ho ne ho khahlisa hore thutong ea rona, kamano e lipakeng tsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fumanoe bakeng sa karolo ea basali empa e se karolo ea banna. Litlhaloso tse ka bang teng ka sena e kanna ea ba hore basali ba nang le takatso e matla ea ho ithuta ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea thobalano kapa ba ka ba le takatso ea ho tseba ka ho leka thobalano ea bootsoa; ka mokhoa o mong, basali ba shebang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ba ka ba le monyetla oa ho nahana hore thobalano ea anal e lebelletsoe ho bona ke balekane ba bona ba banna.

Tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ea lithuto tse kenyeletsang bareki ba baholo e fumane khokahano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse sa sireletsehang le palo e phahameng ea balekane ba thobalano.¹⁶ Bopaki bo hokahanyang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali ho bacha bo tsoakiloe.¹⁷ Lithuto tse ling tsa bacha le bacha li bontšitse likamano lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le balekane ba bangata ba bophelo bo fetang bohle.^30,31 Phuputso e 'ngoe e fumane kamano e pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tšebeliso ea likhohlopo tsa banna ba sa lilemong tsa bocha, empa eseng bakeng sa basali, hape ha ho kamano e teng lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le palo ea balekane ba thobalano kapa lilemo tse nyane tsa mokoloto oa thobalano.²⁷ Boithuto bo bong ha bo fumane kamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le thobalano e sa sireletsehang le baratuoa ba bang.³² Thutong ea hajoale, ha re fumane kamano pakeng tsa lilemo tse nyane ponong ea bootsoa le boits'oarong ba morao tjena ba boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano. Re fumane hape hore ha ho bapisoa le ba neng ba sa tsebe letho ka tsa thobalano, ba neng ba etsa ts'ebetso ea bophelo bo botle ba ho ba kotsing e tlase kapa e kotsi ba ne ba na le menyetla e meholo ea ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka tlase ho khoeli le khoeli ha ba bapisoa le ho se shebelle ho hang. Ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso khafetsa (khoeli le khoeli, beke le beke kapa letsatsi le letsatsi) ho ne ho sa amane le phapang ea boitšoaro bo kotsing ba ho ba le thobalano. Boithuto bo bong ha bo so ka bo hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa boitšoaro bo botle ba thobalano le maqhubu a fapaneng a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ka hona lipatlisiso tse ling hape lia hlokahala ho utloisisa hore na ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka tlase ho khoeli le khoeli ke mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho ikamahanya le boitšoaro ba thobalano. Phapang pakeng tsa lithuto e ka ba ka lebaka la lipalo tse fapaneng, meralo ea lipatlisiso, litlhaloso, kapa kenyelletso ea mehato e fapaneng ea boits'oaro bo bobe ba thobalano.¹⁷

Bonyane lilemong tsa bocha boiphihlelo bo bontšitsoe hore bo na le litloaelano tse mpe le bophelo bo botle ba thobalano.^18,33 Bacha ba lilemong tsa pele ba neng ba phela le bona ka thobalano ba ne ba amana le ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oanang. Lithuto tse 'maloa tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oanang li ts'ehetsa kamano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le ho qala boitšoaro ba thobalano o sa le monyane.^22,34-36 Patlisiso ea nako e telele ea machabeng e fumane hore ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ho amana le ho qala boits'oaro ba botona kapa botšehali ho tloha bonyenyaneng.^14,15 Leha ho le joalo, kamano ena e kanna ea se ke ea u koata; e kanna ea ferekanngoa ke maemo a bosoasoi le takatso ea maikutlo.

Kamano pakeng tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e hlokometsoe pejana. Phuputsong ea Sweden, hoo e batlang e le 20% ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa letsatsi le leng le le leng ba ne ba e-na le matšoao a sithabetsang, haholo ho feta basebelisi ba maemo a tlase (12.6%).¹¹ Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana le tšusumetso e mpe,³⁷ khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo har'a bacha.³⁸ le matšoao a sithabetsang ho basali ba bacha.³⁹ Ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho bana ba banyenyane ho amana le mahlomola a nakoana;⁴⁰ leha ho le joalo, tsebong ea rona ke thuto ea pele ea ho bontša kamano e pakeng tsa bonyatsi le ho ba le bophelo bo botle ba kelello bophelong ba kamoso.

Lits'ebetso tse ling tsa ho qaleha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa li kenyeletsa maemo a thuto e phahameng le ho se lule le molekane. Batho ba lulang le balekane ba bona ba ka shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oanang khafetsa ka lebaka la thobalano e kopaneng khafetsa, kapa mohlomong ho tsoa monyetleng o fokolang oa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka lekunutu.

Litlamorao bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba

Se fumanoeng ke thuto ena se na le moelelo oa bohlokoa molemong oa ho rala thuto ea thobalano. Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore boholo ba bacha ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le hore hoo e batlang e le bahlankana bohle ba fumana litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li nkuoe e le karolo ea mananeo a thuto ea thobalano sekolong se phahameng. Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li shebeloa pele ho tloha bonyenyaneng, ka hona, mananeo a thuto a loketseng lilemo a hloka ho kenngwa tšebetsong ho tloha lilemong tsa boqhetseke tsa sekolo se phahameng, haeba ho se joalo kapele. Mananeo a joalo ha a lokela ho ba a heteronormative, hobane liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore ba khethollang e le GLBQQ + ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa le ho tloha bonyenyaneng. Hape ha ea lokela ho nka hore basali ba bacha ba ke ke ba shebella kapa ba thabela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mananeo a thuto a lokela ho shebana le litaba tse kang ho ata le ho tloaela ho etsa thobalano le batho ba bong bo fapaneng lefatšeng la 'nete ho fapana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha mananeo a thuto ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a ntse a qala ho hlaha;^41,42 Ha ho sa na lipatlisiso tse tla tseba katleho ea mokhoa ona.¹⁰

Molao oa Australia o thibela batho ba tlas'a 18 ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa;⁴ leha ho le joalo, liphumano tsa rona li bonts'a hore melao le melaoana ea hona joale ha li thibele ho fihlella ho tloha bonyenyaneng. Lits'ebetso tse joalo ka software ea netefatso ea lilemo, software ea ho hlanya marang-rang le tlhaiso ea motsoali e ka bapala karolo ea ho fokotsa ho pepesetsoa hoa litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oaroang kapa ka phoso, haholoholo baneng ba banyenyane. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa ena ha e na monyetla oa ho thibela mocha ho susumetsoa ke litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro.^2,43

Kamano pakeng tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tsona ke sesosa sa ho tšoenyeha. Ha ho hlake hore na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke sesosa sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello kapa hore ke sesupo sa mathata a tlase. Maemong ana kaofela, ba amehang ho phekoleng bacha ba nang le maemo a bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba ka batla ho nahana hore na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke bothata ho bareki ba bang.

sheba mefokolo ea

Meeli ha e lekola liphetho tsa sephetho sa rona e kenyelletsa hore lipotso ha lia ka tsa khetholla pakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka boomo le hore ha ho fanoe ka tlhaloso e hlakileng kapa boemo bo mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ntle ho moo, ha ho lintlha tse bokelitsoeng ka sepheo sa ho shebella kapa mofuta oa litaba tse shebiloeng. Patlisiso e fetileng e bonts'itse tse ling tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse neng li sa kenyelletsoa tlhahlobong ea rona, ho kenyelletsa khotsofalo e nyane kamanong le ho kopana le thobalano, mabifi le ho ba le maikutlo a botona le botšehali ho basali.¹⁴ Mehato e meng ea ho pepesa ha e ea sebelisa sekala se netefalitsoeng, mohlala, mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello a ile a hlahlojoa a sebelisa ntho e le 'ngoe. Phuputso hape e sa kenyeletsa lintho tse amanang le litlamorao tse ntle tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tlhahlobo e ne e ipapisitse le tlhaiso-leseling e tlalehiloeng, e lokelang ho hopoloa ka leeme le leeme. Moralo oa lipatlisiso tsa likarolo tse kathoko o bolela hore re ke ke ra bolela kamano e teng lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lintlha tse ling. Kamora nako, tlhahlobo e sebelisitse sampole e nolofalletsang e ileng ea hapuoa inthaneteng, e seng moemeli oa sechaba ka kakaretso.

Nahanisisa

Ena ke thuto ea pele ea Australia ho hlahloba mekhatlo lipakeng tsa makhetlo le lilemo tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boitšoaro ba thobalano, bophelo bo botle ba kelello le litšobotsi tse ling har'a bacha. Boithuto ba rona bo bontšitse hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho atile ebile ho atile har'a bacha ba Australia ho tloha bonyenyaneng. Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e amahanngoa le litlamorao tse ka bang kotsi, joalo ka mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello, thobalano e sa le monyane le thobalano. Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa bootsoa ho bophelo le boits'oaro ba bacha, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse khethehileng tsa nako e telele. Liphuputso tsa phuputso ena li totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho kenyelletsa puisano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa thutong ea thobalano ho tloha bonyenyaneng.

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