LITLHAHISO: Sengoliloeng sena se thehiloe haholo-holo phuputsong "Khahliso ea Tse sa Tsejoeng“. Phuputso e bonts'a hore popo e ka hlohlelletsa dopamine ho se tsotelle hore na e nkuoa e le "ntle" kapa "e mpe", kapa ea putsa kapa che. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete li ka boloka maemo a dopamine e le ho tlola hobane ntho e ncha e lula e le haufi le sekhutlo. Kamehla ho na le ntho eo u ka e shebellang ho u tsamaisa kapa ho fetisa satiation ea tlhaho. Ntle le moo, popo e ntlafatsa ho ithuta le ho lemalla lithethefatsi ke "ho ithuta ho feta tekano".
Na boko bo rata bocha?
Litsebi tsa thuto ea kelello li tseba hore tikoloho e tsosa pherekano le ho ithuta, empa ha ho tsebahale letho ka hore na boko bo hlile bo rata ntho e ncha hakana. Ho e-na le hoo, setsi se seholo sa "popo" sa boko - se bitsoang substantia nigra / ventral tegmental area (SN / VTA) -e ka ts'oaroa ke ho se lebelloe hoa ts'isinyeho, ho tsosa ha maikutlo, kapa tlhoko ea ho arabela ka boits'oaro. SN / VTA e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho ithuteng hobane e hokahane hantle le hippocampus, e leng setsi sa thuto ea boko, le amygdala, setsi sa ho sebetsana le tlhaiso-leseling ea maikutlo.
Joale, bafuputsi Nico Bunzeck le Emrah Düzel tlaleha lithuto le batho ba bonts'ang hore SN / VTA e nka bohato bo sa tloaelehang joalo ka hona bocha bo susumetsa kelello ho hlahloba, ho batla moputso. Bafuputsi ba University College London le Otto von Guericke University ba tlaleha liphumano tsa bona ho August 3, 2006, khatisong ea Neuron, e phatlalalitsoeng ke Cell Press.
fMRI
Litekong tsa bona, Bunzeck le Düzel ba sebelisitse se tsejoang ka hore ke "oddball" paradigm ea liteko ho ithuta hore na litšoantšo tse ncha li etsa joang SN / VTA ea boko ba baithaopi. Ka mokhoa ona – joalo ka ha boko ba sehlooho bo ne bo hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa litšoantšo tse sebetsang tsa matla a khoheli-li ile tsa bontšoa letoto la litšoantšo tsa sefahleho se le seng kapa kantle. Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba ile ba kenella letotong lena mefuta e mene ea lifahleho kapa "Oddball" tse fapaneng. E 'ngoe e makatsang e ne e mpa e le setšoantšo se fapaneng sa ho se nke lehlakore, se seng e ne e le setšoantšo se fapaneng se neng se hloka hore bafuputsi ba tobetse konopo, se seng e le setšoantšo sa maikutlo,' me se seng e le setšoantšo se hlakileng sa lipale. Ho fMRI, lipontšo tsa seea-le-moea tse seng kotsi le matla a khoheli li sebelisoa ho metha phallo ea mali libakeng tsa boko, tse bonts'ang tšebetso libakeng tseo.
Ka moralo ona oa liteko, bafuputsi ba ka bapisa karabelo ea lihlooho le mefuta e fapaneng ea litšoantšo tse sa tloaelehang ho khetholla karabelo ea boko ho ponahalo e hloekileng ka boeona ho tsoa mehloling e meng e ka bang teng ea ts'ebetso ea kelello, joalo ka ho tsosa maikutlo.
Ketsahalong ea bobeli ea liteko tse sa tloaelehang, bafuputsi ba ile ba batla ho tseba hore na SN / VTA e khothaletsa boholo ba bonohe. Litekong tseo, bafuputsi ba ile ba lekanya ts'ebetso ea sebaka seo ka litšoantšo tsa maemo a fapaneng a ho tseba kapa ho tsebahala. Lithutong tse ling hape, bafuputsi ba ile ba lekola hore na mohopolo oa lihlooho tsa litšoantšo tse tloaelehileng o ne o le betere ha o hlahisoa hammoho le litšoantšo tsa lipale kapa litšoantšo tse tloaelehileng haholo.
Novelty loop
Bafuputsi ba fumane hore SN / VTA e arabela ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, 'me litekanyo tsena tsa karabelo ho latela hore na setšoantšo se ne se le joang. Ba fihletse qeto ea hore tlhaiso-leseling ea bona e fana ka bopaki ba "leqhubu le sebetsang la hippocampal-SN / VTA" le tsamaisoang ke mokhoa o mocha ho fapana le mefuta e meng ea mats'oafo joalo ka maikutlo a maikutlo kapa tlhoko ea ho arabela setšoantšo. Bafuputsi ba re ho sibolla ha bona hore SN / VTA e kentsoe tšebetsong haholo ke mokhoa o mocha oa ho sebetsa ho tsamaisana le mefuta ea ts'ebetso ea boko "e bonang bocha e le bonase e susumetsang ea ho lekola tikoloho ea ho batla moputso ho fapana le ho ba moputso ka booona."
Hape, Bunzeck le Düzel ba fumane hore buka e ncha e ntlafalitse ho ithuta lithutong. "Ka hona, SN / VTA ea motho e ka etsa khoutu e ncha ea tšusumetso ebile e ka kenya letsoho ho ntlafatseng thuto moelelong oa bocha," ba phethela.
Qetellong, ba re liphuputso tsa bona li hlahisa monyetla oa hore likotsi tse mpe tsa boko bo khethiloeng hippocampus li ka tlosa litlamorao tse ntle tsa bonohe ho bakuli ba joalo mme ba theha mohloli o le mong oa phokotso ea memori ea ho amohela bakuli.
Bafuputsi ba kenyelletsa Nico Bunzeck oa University College London London, United Kingdom; le Emrah Düzel oa University College London London, United Kingdom le Otto von Guericke University e Magdeburg, Jeremane. Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe ke chelete e tsoang ho Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 163, TP1).
mehloli e
Bunzeck et al. Ho hatisa ho Neuron 51, 369-379, la 3 Phato 2006 DOI 10.1016 / j.neuron.2006.06.021 www.neuron.org
Ponelopele e amanang le ena ea Knutson et al: "Leraba la ba sa Tsejoeng."
Mohloli: Press Press
https://web.archive.org/web/20080708210749/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/08/060826180547.htm
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PHAPUSI EA HO BALA:
Coding e Felletseng ea Novelty ea Stimulus ho Human Substantia Nigra / VTA.
Neuron. 2006 Aug 3; 51 (3): 369-79.
Bunzeck N, Düzel E
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
inahaneloang
Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa nalane ho ka ntlafatsa polasetiki ea hippocampal liphoofolong ka dopaminergic neuromodulation ho hlaha sebakeng sa substantia nigra / ventral tegmental (SN / VTA). Ntlafatso ena e ka fetisa mohato oa ho fuputsa ka metsotso e mengata. Hajoale, ha ho tsejoe letho ka ts'ebetso ea lipale tse ncha tsa dopaminergic le kamano ea eona le ts'ebetso ea hippocampal ho batho. Lithutong tse peli tse sebetsang tsa matla a matla a matla a matla a matla a kelello (fMRI), ts'ebetso ea SN / VTA ho batho e ne e hlile e tsamaisoa ke lipale tse susumetsang ho e-na le mefuta e meng ea boits'usumetso joalo ka ho haella, ho hloka maikutlo ho hobe, kapa ho hloloheloa hoa maikutlo a tloaelehileng. athe likarabo tsa hippocampal li ne li sa khethe haholo. Likarabo tsa bongoaneng tsa SN / VTA li ile tsa hlakisoa ho fapana le ho hlahisa boiphihlelo bo itseng maemong a fanoeng, ho fapana le likarabo tsa SN / VTA tse sa tsoa phetoa tse tlalehiloeng ka sephetho sa moputso lithutong tsa liphoofolo. Kamora nako, ho ithuta tse ncha ho ntlafalitse ho ithuta le ho potoloha / ho lekola ha thepa ea lintho tse tloaelehileng tse hlahisitsoeng moelelong o le mong. Ka hona, SN / VTA ea motho e ka paka manonyeletso a ho hlasimolla ebile e ka kenya letsoho ho matlafatseng ho ithuta maemong a bocha.
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