World Psychiatry. 2018 Oct; 17 (3): 363-364.
E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2018 Sep 7. doi: 10.1002 / wps.20570
PMCID: PMC6127815
PMID: 30192089
Dan J. Stein, 1 Joël Billieux, 2 Henrietta Bowden ‐ Jones, 3 Jon E. Grant, 4 Naomi Fineberg, 5 Sisumu Higuchi, 6 Wei Hao, 7 Karl Mann, 8 Hisato Matsunaga, 9 Marc N. Potenza, 10 Hans ‐ Jürgen M. Rumpf, 11 David Veale, 12 Rajat Ray, 13 John B. Saunders, 14 Geoffrey M. Reed, 15 'me Vladimir Poznyak 15
Khopolo ea "ho lemalla boitšoaro (e seng ea lik'hemik'hale)" e ile ea hlahisoa lilemo tse ka bang mashome a mararo tse fetileng, 'me lingoliloeng tse ntseng li eketseha li hlahile morao tjena ka ho haha le tse amanang le tsona1, 2. Ka nako e le 'ngoe, bangoli ba bang ba hlokometse hore likarolo tsa boits'oaro ba boitšoaro li hloka boiteko bo eketsehileng3, 4. Mona re fana ka boitsebiso sebakeng sena, re totobatsa mosebetsi oa morao-rao o entsoeng nakong ea nts'etso-pele ea ICD-11, le ho araba potso ea hore na ho molemo ho ba le karolo e fapaneng ea mathata ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba mofuta ona.
Tsamaiso ea DSM le ICD e 'nile ea qoba nako e telele lentsoe "ho lemalla" ho ts'ehetsa "ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi". Leha ho le joalo, DSM-5 e akarelletsa boloetse ba papali ea chelete papaling ea eona mabapi le mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi, 'me e fana ka lits'ebetso tsa bothata ba ho bapala Inthanete, ho e nka e le mokhatlo o hlokang ho tsoela pele ho ithuta, le ho totobatsa ho tšoana ha eona le mathata a ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi5, 6, 7. Puong ea ICD-11, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o hlahisitse khopolo ea "mathata ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng" ho akarelletsa ho becha le mathata a lipapali2, 8. Mathata ana a tšoauoa ka taolo e holofetseng ea ho kenella boitšoarong bo lemalloang, boits'oaro bo nkileng karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong ba motho, le ho tsoelapele ho kenya letsoho boitšoarong leha ho bile le litlamorao, ka khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho holofala ho hoholo bathong, lelapeng, sechabeng le tse ling. libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa tšebetso2, 8.
Sepheo sa bohlokoa nakong ea ntshetsopele ea DSM-5 e ne e le ho netefatsa lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba. Ka sebele, ho na le bopaki bo bong ba hore ho na le mathata a bakoang ke tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le mathata a bakoang ke mekhoa ea ho lemalla papali ea chelete, ho ba le bothata ba ho becha, ho kenyeletsa ho tsuba, mekhoa ea likokoana-hloko le karabelo ea phekolo5, 6, 7. Bakeng sa bothata ba lipapali, ho na le tlhahisoleseding e ntseng e eketseha litabeng tsa tleliniki le tsa neurobiological. Bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea litloaelo tsa boitšoaro ba putative, bopaki bo fokolang bo teng. Ho phaella moo, tse 'maloa tsa maemo ana li ka boela tsa bontša hore li na le mathata a ho laola maikutlo (DSM-IV le ICD-10), ho kenyelletswa mokhoa oa ho phekola, mekhoa ea likokoana-hloko le karabelo ea phekolo9.
Lihlopha tse sebetsang ho ICD-11 li lemoha bohlokoa ba li-validator tsa mathata a kelello le boits'oaro, hobane tsamaiso ea ho khetholla e nang le bonnete bo phahameng ba ho hlahloba e ka lebisa liphellong tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa kalafo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, lihlopha tsa basebetsi tsa ICD-11 li shebane haholo le ts'ebeliso ea bongaka le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba mererong ea bona, ka sepheo se hlakileng sa ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo ea mantlha maemong a sa rutehang, a lumellanang le khatiso ea ICD-11 ho bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba lefatše. Phapang e ntle e khethiloeng ea mathata le mathata a tlhekefetso, leha e ts'ehetsoa ke ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro ea boits'oaro, ho ka etsahala hore ebe ha e na thuso maemong a moo bao e seng litsebi ba fanang ka tlhokomelo. Leha ho le joalo, bokooa bo amanang le ho holofala ke litaba tsa bohlokoa ntlheng ena, ho ts'ehetsa ho kenyeletsoa ha mathata a papali ea chelete le a lipapali ho ICD-112, 8.
Ho na le mabaka a mangata ao ka 'ona ho hlokomelloa ha mathata ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng le ho kenngoa ha bona le lits'ebeletso tsa rona hammoho le mathata a ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi ho ka kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea sechaba. Habohlokoa, tsamaiso ea sechaba ea ts'ireletso le ts'ebetso ea mathata a ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi e ka 'na ea sebetsana le bothata ba papali ea papali ea chelete, bothata ba lipapali, mohlomong le mathata a mang a bakoang ke boitšoaro bo hlephileng (le hoja polelo ea ICD-11 e fana ka maikutlo a hore e ka' na ea e-ba nako e khutšoanyane ho khetholla bothata leha e le bofe ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng ka ntle ho papali ea chelete le mathata a lipapali).
Tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ea ho hlahloba mathata ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng e na le menyetla e mengata e tobileng. Haholo-holo, e beha tlhokomelo e loketseng ho: a) palo e ntle ea boitšoaro bo amanang le boikhathollo ntle le kotsi leha e le efe ho bophelo bo botle ka boitšoaro bo amanang le bofokoli bo boholo; b) tlhokahalo ea lipatlisiso tsa boleng bo phahameng le lits'enyehelo tsa boitšoaro le matšoao ana, le c) tšebeliso ea melao-motheo e thehiloeng ke bopaki ho fokotsa kotsi.
Le hoja ba bang ba ka 'na ba tšoenyeha ka ho phekola mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea bophelo le mekhoa ea bophelo, mekhoa e joalo e lemoha ka ho fetisisa hore boitšoaro bo bong bo nang le matla a ho lemalla ha ho joalo ebile ha ho mohla e ka ba lefu la meriana, mme e hatisa hore thibelo le ho fokotsa moroalo oa bophelo bo botle le oa sechaba. le mathata a bakoang ke mekhoa ea ho lemalla e ka finyelloa ka litsela tse nang le mekhoa e metle ka mehato e ka ntle ho lefapha la bophelo.
Litlhahlobo tse ling tse 'maloa tsa ho aha ha mathata a boitšoaro kapa mathata a bakoang ke mekhoa ea ho lemalla li ka hlahisoa bakeng sa puisano. Re boletse pele ho makasine ena hore ho hlokahala mosebetsi o eketsehileng ho etsa lipolelo tse matla mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ho hlahloba9, le moqapi oa ICD-11 le hona joale le thathamisa mathata a papali ea chelete le ho bapala karolong ea "mathata a ho laola maikutlo". Ka tsela e amanang, ho na le kameho e utloahalang ea hore meeli ea sehlopha sena e ka fetisetsoa ka ntle ho papali ea chelete le bothata ba ho bapala ho kenyelletsa mefuta e meng e mengata ea mesebetsi ea batho. Tse ling tsa litsekisano tsena li kopana le tse hatisang likotsi tsa mokhoa oa ho fokotsa bongaka oa mathata a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi.
Ha re ntse re ela hloko bohlokoa ba litaba tsena, maikutlo a rona ke hore moroalo o ka boima oa mafu ka lebaka la ho lemalla boitšoaro ho hloka hore karabo e atlehe, le hore moralo o nepahetseng ke oa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.
Mona re hlalositse mabaka ao ka 'ona mokhoa oa bophelo oa sechaba o sebetsang bakeng sa mathata a ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi o ka boela oa sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sebelisetsoang ho lemalla papali ea chelete, bothata ba lipapali le, mohlomong, maemo a mang a bophelo bo botle ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Khang ena e fana ka ts'ehetso ea ho kenyeletsa mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi, bothata ba papali ea chelete le ho bapala lipapali karolong e le 'ngoe ea khaolo mabapi le mathata a kelello, a boitšoaro kapa a neurodevelopmental a ICD-11.
Bangoli ba le bang ba na le boikarabello ba maikutlo a hlahang lengolong lena 'me ha ba bolele hantle liqeto, leano kapa maikutlo a Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo. Lengolo lena le thehiloe karolong e 'ngoe mosebetsing oa Action CA16207 "European Network for Problematic Usage of Internet", e ts'ehetsoeng ke European Cooperation in Science le Technology (COST).
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