Maikutlo: Ke tsebo e tloaelehileng har'a bafuputsi ba lithethefatsi hore litlamorao tsa boitšoaro le ho lemalla lithethefatsi li kenyelletsa tsela e ts'oanang le mekhoa e ts'oanang kapa e fetang. Ena ke thuto e 'ngoe e lumellanang le paradigm ena. Lithethefatsi li koetela litsela tsa rona tse tloaelehileng setsing sa potoloho ea moputso, ke ka lebaka leo li re amang ka litsela tse ngata.
SEHLOOHO
Durham, NC, US le Melbourne, Australia - Sehlopha sa Duke University Medical Center le bo-rasaense ba Australia ba fumane hore lithethefatsi tse lemalloang e kanna eaba li hapile lisele tse tšoanang tsa methapo le khokahano bokong tse sebeletsang tlhaho e matla, ea khale: takatso ea letsoai.
Patlisiso ea bona ea litoeba e bontša hore na liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso li laoloa joang karolong ea boko e laolang ho lekana ha letsoai, metsi, matla, ho ikatisa le morethetho o mong - hypothalamus. Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sebelisitsoeng ka ho tsosa boits'oaro ba tlhaho, takatso ea letsoai, ke tsona lihlopha tse tšoanang tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse laoloang ke koae kapa opiate (joalo ka heroine).
"Re ile ra makala 'me ra khotsofala ha re bona hore ho thibela litsela tse amanang le lithethefatsi ho ka kena-kenana le takatso ea lijo tsa sodium," ho boletse mongoli ea etelletseng pele, Wolfgang Liedtke, MD, Ph.D., Motlatsi oa Moprofesa oa Bongaka le Neurobiology Univesithing ea Duke. "Seo re se fumaneng se na le litlamorao tse matla tsa bongaka, 'me se ka lebisa kutloisisong e ncha ea lithethefatsi le litlamorao tse mpe ha lijo tse hlahisang botenya li imetsoe haholo ke sodium."
Phuputso e phatlalalitsoe ho Proceedings of the National Academy of Science khatiso ea pele inthaneteng ka Phupu 11.
"Leha litloaelo tse joalo ka takatso ea letsoai e le manane a liphatsa tsa lefutso, a ka fetoloa haholo ke ho ithuta le ho tseba," ho boletse mongoli ea etelletseng pele Moprofesa Derek Denton, oa Univesithi ea Melbourne le Setsi sa Florey Neuroscience, ea tummeng ka mosebetsi oa hae oa bopula-maliboho. lebaleng la boits'oaro ba tlhaho. “Hang ha lenaneo la liphatsa tsa lefutso le sebetsa, liphihlelo tseo e leng karolo ea ho phethahatsoa ha lenaneo li kenella mokhoeng oa boitšoaro ba motho ka mong, 'me bo-rasaense ba bang ba boletse hore ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho ka sebelisa methapo ea kutlo ea tlhaho. Thutong ena, re bonts'itse hore tlhaho e le 'ngoe ea khale, tlala ea letsoai, e fana ka mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa methapo o sebelisang lekhoba la li-opiate le cocaine. "
Litsela tse kenelletseng botebong ba tlhaho tsa khale li ka hlalosa hore na hobaneng kalafo ea bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le sepheo sa mantlha sa ho ithiba ho le thata hakana, ho boletse Denton. Liedtke o re sena se kanna sa ba le thuso ka lebaka la katleho e ntle ea mekhoa ea tlhokomelo e sa kenyelletseng ho ithiba, joalo ka ho tlosa heroine ka methadone le lisakerete ka chingamu ea nicotine kapa lipatche.
"Mosebetsi o bula litsela tse ncha tsa liteko tsa ho atamela," ho boletse Denton.
Phuputso e bile ea pele ea ho lekola taolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hypothalamus bakeng sa takatso ea letsoai. Sehlopha se sebelisitse mekhoa e 'meli ho hlohlelletsa boits'oaro ba litoeba - ba emisitse letsoai nakoana le kopantsoe le diuretic hape ba sebelisa hormone ea khatello ea kelello ACTH ho eketsa litlhoko tsa letsoai.
Liedtke, ea ikopantseng hape le Setsi sa Duke bakeng sa Translational Neuroscience le tsa Litlhare tsa Duke Pain, o re bafuputsi ba ile ba makala ha ba bona hore liphatsa tsa lefutso li "buletsoe" kapa "li koetsoe" ka takatso ea letsoai, mekhoa ena hangata e ile ea fetoha haholo pele ho feta metsotso e leshome tharollo ea letsoai e nooang ke liphoofolo, le pele letsoai leha e le lefe la bohlokoa le ka monngoa ho tsoa maling ho ea maling. Potso ea hore na sena se etsahala joang ea makatsa, 'me e bula tšimo e ncha ka ho felletseng ea lipatlisiso, ho boletse Liedtke.
Mabapi le pholoho ea boitšoaro bona, khotsofalo e potlakileng ea takatso ea letsoai ea utloahala. Har'a liphoofolo tse hlaha, bokhoni ba ho lefella tlhoko ea letsoai ka potlako ka ho tlanya tharollo ea letsoai ka bohale ho bolela hore liphoofolo tse fokolitsoeng li ka noa ho ikhotsofatsa 'me li tlohe kapele, li fokotsa ts'oaetso ea tsona ho liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo.
Sehlopha sa lipatlisiso sa Duke-Melbourne se fumane hore ha phoofolo e na le takatso e matla ea sodium, sebaka se itseng sa hypothalamus se bonahala se ka angoa ke dopamine, e leng chelete ea ka hare ea boko bakeng sa moputso. Seo se fana ka maikutlo a hore boemo ba tlhoko ea tlhaho, mmuso o felletsoeng ke sodium, "meroalo ea selemo" hypothalamus bakeng sa boiphihlelo bo ikhethang ba moputso o latelang ha liphoofolo li khotsofatsa tlhoko - maikutlo a khotsofetseng. Mohopolo ona o tšehelitsoe ke ho fumana ha bona hore liketso tsa lehae tsa dopamine sebakeng se ka tlase sa hypothalamus li bohlokoa bakeng sa boits'oaro ba liphoofolo.
Kamano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le liphatsa tsa lefutso li fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho khotsofatsa takatso ea tlhaho, takatso ea lijo ea sodium
- Wolfgang B. Liedtkea,b,1,
- Michael J. McKinleyc,d,
- Lesley L. Walkerc,2,
- Hao Zhangb,2,
- Andreas R. Pfenningb,2,
- John Dragoc,e,
- Sarah J. Hochendonera,b,
- Donald L. Hiltonf,
- Andrew J. Lawrencec,e, 'me
- Derek A. Dentonc,g,h,1
E fanoe ke Derek A. Denton, la 7 Phuptjane 2011 (e rometsoe ho hlahlojoa ka la 1 Mmesa 2011)
inahaneloang
Takatso ea lijo tsa sodium ke bohlale ba tlhaho bo kenyelletsang boikemisetso bo ikhethileng. E hlahisoa ke khaello ea sodium, hormone ea adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) le khatello ea kelello. Li-microarrays tsa genome tse nang le litoeba tse nang le khaello ea sodium kapa kamora ho kenella ha ACTH li bonts'itse taolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa hypothalamic, ho kenyeletsoa le dopamine- le cAMP-e laoloang neuronal phosphoprotein 32 kDa (DARPP-32), dopamine receptors-1 le -2, α-2C- adrenoceptor, le protheine e matlafalitseng protheine tyrosine phosphatase (STEP). Ka bobeli DARPP-32 le neural plasticity regulator e laolang cytoskeleton e tsamaisanang le protheine (ARC) e ne e laoloa holimo ho lateral hypothalamic orexinergic neurons ka khaello ea sodium. Tsamaiso ea dopamine D1 (SCH23390) le D2 receptor (raclopride) bahanyetsi ba fokolitse khotsofalo ea takatso ea lijo ea sodium e bakiloeng ke khaello ea sodium. SCH23390 e ne e totobetse, e se na tšusumetso ho noeng metsi ka lebaka la osmotic, athe raclopride le eona e ile ea fokotsa ho noa ha metsi. Litoeba tsa D1 receptor KO li ne li na le takatso e tloaelehileng ea sodium, e bonts'ang taolo ea tefo. Takatso ea lijo e ne e sa tsotelle SCH23390, e tiisa ho ba sieo ha litlamorao tse sa lebelloang. Microinjection e kopaneng ea SCH23390 (100 nM ho 200 nL) ho li-rats 'lateral hypothalamus e fokolitse takatso ea lijo ea sodium. Gene e hlophisitse ntlafatso ea matlafatso ho hypothalami ea litoeba tse nang le takatso ea lijo ea sodium e bonts'itse ntlafatso ea bohlokoa ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse neng li hokahantsoe le bokhoba (opiates le cocaine). Tlhahiso ena ea taolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e kopantsoeng e ile ea fokotsoa bakeng sa ho ikhotsofatsa ka kinetics e makatsang e potlakileng ea metsotso e 10 feela, e thibela ho monya letsoai ho tsoang ka maleng. Takatso ea letsoai le tatso ea letsoai ea letsoai li fetohile ho feta limilione tse 100 y (mohlala, ho ba teng Metatheria). Lithethefatsi tse bakang monyaka le bokhoba ba tahi li sa tsoa bapisoa 'me mohlomong li bonts'a ts'ebeliso ea litsamaiso tsa khale tsa ho iphetola ha lintho tse nang le boleng bo phahameng ba ho pholoha ka ho khotsofatsa mekhoa ea mehleng ena ea hedonic. Seo re se fumaneng se hlahisa mohopolo oa limolek'hule bakeng sa boits'oaro ba tlhaho bo kentsoeng ke boko ka litlamorao tsa bohlokoa tsa phetolelo le tsa bongaka.
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