Ho etsa qeto ea debunker: Tlhaloso ea lengolo le eang ho mohlophisi "Prause et al. (2015) lits'oants'o tsa morao-rao tsa liketsahalo tsa ho lemala "

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Selelekela

Ka litlhaloso tse sa tšoaneng, lihlooho le li-tweets Nicole Prause o boletse hore ha hoa fela Prause et al., 2015 leshano “e leng mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa mokhoa oa ho lemaletse, e leng cue reactivity biomarker, ”Empa“letoto la lithuto tsa boitšoaro li hlalosoang ke li-laboratories tse ikemetseng [ho tlatsa] lintho tse ling tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. ” Prause o mo qotsa "Lengolo le Eang ho Mohlophisi" la 2016 (le hlahlojoang leqepheng lena) joalo ka bopaki ba hae bo tšehetsang. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, Prause e bokelletse mahe a hae a debunking ka basketeng e le 'ngoe - serapa se le seng se hlalositsoe ka tlase. Karabo ena ea YBOP e sebeletsa e le debunking of debunker (Nicole Prause) le “mahe” ao a a ratang ka ho fetisisa.

Ho arabela ho setsebi sa mahlale Matuesz Gola's tlhahlobo ea bohlokoa ea thuto ea bona ea 2015 EEG (Prause et al., 2015), Prause et al. ba ngotse lengolo la bona ho Mohlophisi, le nang le sehlooho se reng, “Prause et al. (2015) lits'oants'o tsa morao-rao tsa liketsahalo tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi, ”Eo re tla e bitsa“Khutla ho Gola. ” (Ho khahlisang ke hore "sengoloa" se amoheloang sa mohlophisi sa "Reply to Gola" se thathamisitse Nicole Prause feela joalo ka sengoli, ka hona ha ho hlake hore na bangoli-'moho le eena ba nkile karolo ho etseng Karabo ho Gola, kapa hore na e ne e le boiteko ba motho a le mong ke Prause.)

Ka sebele, boholo ba Puo ea Gola e inehetse ho leka ho e sireletsa Prause et al., Litlhaloso tsa 2015. Morao koana ka 2015 Nicole Prause o ile a bua ka holimo-limo hore thuto e mpe ea sehlopha sa hae e ne e le "debunked lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa." Seo mofuputsi ea nepahetseng a ka se etsang kile ipolela hore "debunked" e lefapha lohle la lipatlisiso le ho "qhekelloa" lithuto tsohle tsa pele ka thuto e le 'ngoe ea EEG?

Hona joale, ho 2016, serapa sa ho phethela sa Reply to Gola se fana ka polelo e sa hlokeheng ea hore lipampiri tse 'maloa, tse etelletsoeng pele ke thuto e le' ngoe ea Prause ea EEG, li fositse "likhakanyo tse ngata tsa mofuta oa tahi."

Karolong ea #1 ka tlase re hlahisa lipolelo tsa bohata ka ho senola seo lipampiri tse boletsoeng karolong ea Reply to Gola li fumanoe (le ha li fumane), hape li hlakisa lithuto tse ngata tse amanang le tsona tse sa lumelloeng. Karolong ea #2 e ka tlase, re hlahloba litlaleho tse ling tse sa tšehetsoang le tse sa nepahalang ho Phatlalatso ho Gola. Pele re qala, mona ke li-link tsa lintho tse bohlokoa:

  1. Ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo a nako e khutšoanyane Mokhoa o nepahetseng oa bokhoni ba litšoantšo ka ho kopanela liphate ka bothata ba bothata ba botona le botšehali ka bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi " (Prause et al., 2015) Nicole Prause, Vaughn R. Steele, Cameron Staley, Dean Sabatinelli, Greg Hajcake.
  2. The Kgetho ea YBOP ea Prause et al., 2015.
  3. Litlhahlobo tse leshome tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka of Prause et al., 2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 56, 7, 8, 9, 10. Bohle ba lumellana le seo Prause et al. ha e le hantle o fumane ho hloka boithati kapa tloaelo - e lumellanang le ho lemalla.
  4. Tlhatlhobo ea Matuesz Gola ea Prause et al., 2015: Ho fokotseha ha LPP bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho basebelisi ba nang le bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho kanna ha tsamaellana le mehlala ea lithethefatsi. Tsohle li ipapisitse le mohlala. (Tlhaloso ka Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015).
  5. Karabo ho Gola ka boeena: Prause et al. (2015) lits'oants'o tsa morao-rao tsa liketsahalo tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi.
  6. Phalong ena Gary Wilson o senola 'nete ka mor'a lithuto tse belaetsang le tse khelosa tsa 5 (ho kenyeletsa lithuto tse peli tsa Nicole Prause EEG): Lipatlisiso Tsa Bootsoa: 'Nete kapa Khopolo-taba?

KAROLO EA BOBELI: Hlahloba Prause et al. Phoso e boletsoeng ea The Addiction Model

Ena ke serapa sa ho qetela moo Prause et al. e akaretsa bopaki bo bolelang hore ho na le mekhoa e metle ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba lithethefatsi:

"Ha re koala, re totobatsa leshano la Popperian la likhakanyo tse ngata tsa mofuta oa tahi o sebelisa mekhoa e mengata. Mefuta e mengata ea tahi e hloka hore batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ba bontše taolo e nyane ho feta takatso ea bona ea ho e sebelisa (kapa ho etsa boits'oaro); ba tlalehang mathata a mangata ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa thobalano ba hlile ba na le taolo e betere holima karabelo ea bona ea thobalano (e hlalositsoeng ke Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015; thuto ea pele e entsoeng ke Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009). Mefuta ea lithethefatsi e tloaetse ho bolela esale pele litlamorao tse mpe. Le ha ho se sebetse ha erectile e le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​mathata a erectile ha a phahame ka ho shebella lifilimi tse ngata tsa thobalano (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ). Mefuta e lemalloang hangata e etsa tlhahiso ea hore ts'ebeliso ea boitšoaro kapa boits'oaro e sebelisetsoe ho ntlafatsa kapa ho baleha tšusumetso e mpe. Bao ba tlalehang mathata ka lifilimi tsa thobalano ba hlile ba tlaleha tšusumetso e mpe e tlase ho baseline / pre-viewing ho feta taolo (Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). Ho sa le joalo, mefuta e meng e 'meli e qobellang e fumane tšehetso e ngata ho tloha ha phatlalatso ea Prause et al. (2015). Tsena li kenyelletsa mofuta o phahameng oa ho khanna ka thobalano (Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016) e ts'ehetsang khopolo-taba ea mantlha e tsamaeang haholo (Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). Parsons et al. (2015) ba hlahisitse hore ts'ebetso e phahameng ea thobalano e kanna ea emela karoloana ea mathata a tlalehang. Hape, mahlomola a amanang le ho shebella lifilimi tsa thobalano a bontšitsoe a amana haholo le melao ea boits'oaro le nalane ea bolumeli (Grubbs et al., 2014). Sena se tšehetsa mofuta oa lihlong sechabeng oa boits'oaro bo bobe ba ho shebella lifilimi. Puisano e lokela ho tloha ho lekeng mofuta oa bokhoba ba ho shebella lifilimi tsa thobalano, o bileng le likhakanyo tse ngata tse senotsoeng ke litlhaloso tsa laboratori tse ikemetseng, ho khetholla mofuta o loketseng oa boitšoaro boo. ”

Pele re arabela e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lipolelo tse kaholimo, ho bohlokoa ho senola hore na ke eng Prause et al. o khethile ho tlohela ho seo ho thoeng ke "leshano":

  1. Lithuto tsa batho ba hlekefetsang ba hlephisang boitšoaro. U bala seo hantle. Har'a liphuputso tsohle tse boletsoeng, e le 'ngoe feela e nang le sehlopha sa batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate, le 71% ea litaba tseo e tlalehile liphello tse mpe tse mpe. Ntlha ea bohlokoa: U ke ke ua thetsa "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" haeba lithuto tseo u li qotsitseng li sa batlisise batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate.
  2. Boithuto bohle ba methapo bo phatlalalitsoeng ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ba lemaletseng thobalano - hobane bohle ba ts'ehetsa mofuta oa bokhoba ba tahi. Leqephe lena le thathamisitse Liphuputso tse thehiloeng ho 56 tse fanang ka maikutlo a kelello (MRI, fMRI, EEG, Neurospychological, Hormonal) ho fana ka ts'ehetso e matla bakeng sa mohlala oa tahi.
  3. Lithaka tsohle-li hlahlojoe litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng - hobane bohle ba ts'ehetsa mofuta oa bokhoba ba thobalano. Mona ke tsena Litlhahlobo le lingoliloeng tse 31 ke tse ling tsa litsebi tsa meriana tse phahameng lefatšeng, tse tšehetsang mohlala oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi.
  4. Liphuputso tse fetang 40 tse hokahanyang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / thobalano le mathata a thobalano le ho tsosa takatso e tlase. The Liphuputso tsa pele tsa 7 lethathamong lena li bontša hore ho na le bothata, kaha barupeluoa ba ile ba tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba phekola likotsi tse sa feleng tsa thobalano.
  5. Lipatlisiso tsa 80 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa ho fokotsa thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano. Ho ea kamoo re tsebang kateng bohle lithuto tse amanang le banna li tlalehile tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tse amanang le eona ea futsanehile ho khotsofala ka thobalano kapa kamano.
  6. Ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 60 liphuputso tsa tlaleho li lumellana le ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho mamella), tloaelo ea bootsoa, ​​esita le matšoao a ho tlohela (matšoao le matšoao a amanang le ho lemala).
  7. Liphuputso tse fetang 85 li hokahanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bophelo bo futsanehileng ba kelello le maikutlo le litlamorao tse mpe tsa kelello
  8. Ho nyenyefatsa ntlha e sa tšehetsoeng e reng "takatso ea ho kopanela liphate e phahameng" e hlalositse boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate kapa ho lemalla thobalano: Bonyane lithuto tsa 25 li qhekella taba ea hore batho ba kopanelang liphate le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate "ba na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano"
  9. Lithuto tsohle tse ngata lilemong tsa bocha, e leng tlaleho ea tšebeliso ea bootsoa e amahanngoa le barutoana ba futsanehileng, maikutlo a mangata a ho kopanela liphate, ho ba mabifi, bophelo bo futsanehileng, likamano tse futsanehileng, ho khotsofatsa bophelo, ho talima batho e le lintho, ho eketsa kotsi ea thobalano, ho sebelisa likhohlopo tse seng kae, tlhekefetso e kholo ea thobalano, khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano, ho fokotsa libido, maikutlo a mangata a ho lumella, le ho hongata haholo. (Ka bokhutšoanyane ED e eseng "litlamorao tse mpe tse atisang ho hlahisoa ke ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ho Reply to Gola ka tlase.)
  10. Tlhahlobo ea molao? Buka e sebelisoang haholo ka ho fetisisa lefapheng la bongaka, Selemo sa Machaba sa Mafu (ICD-11), e na le tšoaetso e ncha e loketseng ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa "Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho Kopanela Liphate

Ha re araba ho Gola, Prause et al. leka ho fokotsa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tse latelang Likopo ("Predictions") e amanang le mofuta oa tahi. Litlhaloso tse nepahetseng le lithuto tse tšehetsang ho tloha Reply to Gola li fanoe ka botlalo, li lateloa ke litlhaloso.


Ipolelle 1: Ho sitoa ho laola tšebeliso ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe.

TŠEPA: “Mefuta e mengata ea bokhoba ba tahi e hloka hore batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ba bontše taolo e nyane ho feta takatso ea bona ea ho e sebelisa (kapa ho e etsa); ba tlalehang mathata a mangata ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa thobalano ba na le taolo e betere ea thobalano (e hlalositsoeng ke Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015; thuto ea pele e entsoeng ke Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009) ”

Boithuto ba 2 ha boa ka ba qhekella letho ka ha ba sa ka ba hlahloba hore na lihlooho li na le bothata ba ho laola tšebeliso ea tsona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, ha ho thuto e qalileng ka ho lekola hore na ke mang "ea lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" kapa che. U ka etsa joang hore u qhekelle mofuta oa litlolo tsa bootsoa haeba u sa qale ka ho lekola lihlooho ka bopaki bo hlakileng ba (ke litsebi life tsa tahi tse hlalosang bokhoba? Ha re ke re hlahlobe hakhutšoanyane hore na lithuto tsa 2 li hlile li hlahlobile le ho tlaleha eng, le hore na hobaneng li sa bue letho ka leshano:

Mariha, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009 (Tlhokomeliso ea Tlhokomelo ea ho Kopanela Liphate ho Batho):

  • Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho bona hore na banna ba ka fokotsa boits'oaro ba bona ba thobalano ha ba ntse ba shebelletse lifilimi tsa thobalano. Lintho tsa bohlokoa tse fumanoeng: banna ba hloahloa ho hatelleng tsoho ea thobalano le bona ba ne ba le betere ho itšeha. Banna ba neng ba sa atleha haholo ho hatelleng tsoho ea thobalano ka kakaretso ba ne ba le bohale ho feta ba bang kaofela. Liphuputso tsena ha li na kamano le "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" a "sitang ho laola ts'ebeliso le ha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe."
  • Patlisiso ena e sa tsejoeng inthaneteng ha ea ka ea lekanyetsa hore na ke mang ea neng a sa lemalle "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa" hobane sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo e ne e le "Tekano ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho Kopanela Liphate" (SCS). SCS ha se teko e nepahetseng ea tlhahlobo ea litlolo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete kapa tsa basali, ka hona, liphetho tsa thuto ha li sebetse ho batho ba lemaletseng ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. SCS e thehiloe ka 1995 mme e entsoe ka thobalano e sa laoleheng likamano ka kelello (mabapi le ho batlisisa seoa sa AIDS). The SCS e re: "Tekanyo e 'nile ea bontšoa ho bolela esale pele litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, lipalo tsa balekane ba thobalano, tloaelo ea mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea thobalano, le litlaleho tsa mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka ho kopanela liphate. "

Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015 (Takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, eseng ho kopanela liphate, e bolela esale pele ho itlhomolla ka thobalano):

  • Phuputso ena, joalo ka thuto e kaholimo, ha ea ka ea lekola hore na ke barupeluoa ba feng bao e neng e le "makhoba a bootsoa" kapa che. Boithuto bona bo ne bo its'etleha CBSOB, e nang le lipotso tse ngata mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. E mpa e botsa ka "mesebetsi ea thobalano," kapa haeba lihlooho li tšoenyehile ka mesebetsi ea tsona (mohlala, "Ke tšoenyehile hore ke imme," "Ke file motho ea nang le tšoaetso ea HIV," "Ke na le bothata ba lichelete"). Ka hona likamano leha e le life pakeng tsa litekanyetso ho CBSOB le bokhoni ba ho laola tsoho ha li amane le ba bangata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba lemalloang, ba sa kopanele liphate tse arohaneng.
  • Joaloka thuto ea Winters e ka holimo, phuputso ena e tlalehile hore barupeluoa ba bangata ba ne ba e-na le nako e thata-ho laola tsoho ea bona ea thobalano ha ba ntse ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Prause et al. li nepahetse: thuto ena e ile ea pheta-pheta Winters, et al., 2009: batho ba tšabehang ba na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano. (Duh)
  • Phuputso ena e na le bofokoli bo tšoanang bo bolaeang bo fumanoeng lipatlisisong tse ling tsa sehlopha sa Prause: Bafuputsi ba khethile lihlooho tse fapaneng haholo (basali, banna, batho ba bong bo fapaneng, bao e seng batho ba bong bo fapaneng), empa ba ba bontša litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tloaelehileng, mohlomong tse sa khahliseng, tsa banna. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, liphetho tsa phuputso ena li ne li ipapisitse le maikutlo a hore banna, basali le batho bao e seng ba bong bo fapaneng ha ba fapane karabong ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Hona ho hlakile ha ho joalo.

Le ha ho sa ithute letho hore na ke barupeluoa ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​Karabo e eang ho Gola e bonahala e bolela hore "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e lokela ho ba a fokolang ho khona ho laola litakatso tsa bona tsa thobalano ha ba ntse ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Empa hobaneng bangoli ba Reply to Gola ba ka nahana hore makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a lokela ho ba le "tsoho e phahameng" ha Prause et al., 2015 e tlalehile hore "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" a na le Nyane boko bo sebetsang ho vanilla bo hlephileng ho feta bolaoli? (Ka tshohanyetso, thuto e 'ngoe ea EEG o fumane hape hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse ngata ho feta basali ho amana le Nyane bokhoni ba bokooa ho ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.) Litholoana tsa Prause et al. 2015 lumellana le Kühn le Gallinat (2014), e leng ho fumanoang hore litšoantšo tse ling tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso li tsamaisana le Nyane ho sebetsa ka bokooa ho arabela litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa vanilla.

Prause et al. Tsa 2015 Liphuputso tsa EEG li boetse li lumellana le Banca et al. 2015, e ileng ea fumana tloaelo e potlakileng ho litšoantšo tsa thobalano litlamong tsa bootsoa. Libuka tsa EEG tse tlaase li bolela hore litaba li lefa Nyane lebisa tlhokomelo litšoantšong. Basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ba kanna ba tenoa ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla tse bontšitsoeng ka laborateng. Basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Moholy & Prause ha baa ka ba "ba laola tsela ea bona ea thobalano. ” Sebakeng seo, ba ne ba se ba tloaetse kapa ba sa rate litšoantšo tse ts'oanang tsa porno ea vanilla.

Ho tloaelehile hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ba be le mamello, e leng tlhoko ea ho hlasimoloha ho hoholo ho fihlela boemo bo ts'oanang ba tsoho. Ketsahalo e ts'oanang e etsahala ho batho ba sebelisang hampe lithethefatsi ba hlokang "li-hits" tse kholo ho fihlela maemo a holimo. Le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho tsosa takatso e matla hangata ho fihlelleha ka ho nyolohela mefuteng e mecha kapa e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Mefuta e meng e ncha e bakang tšabo, ho makala, tlōlo ea litebello kapa esita le ho tšoenyeha ho ka eketsa ho tsosoa takatso ea thobalano, eo hangata e leng lifolakha ho ba hlokomolohang bootsoa ba Inthaneteng. A phuputso ea moraorao e fumanoeng hore ho eketseha ho joalo ho atile haholo ho basebelisi ba kajeno ba inthanete ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. 49% ea banna bao ho buisanoeng le bona ba ne ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse reng "e ne e sa thahasellise ho bona pele kapa hore e ne e nkoa e nyonyeha. ” Ka kakaretso, lithuto tse ngata ba tlalehile tloaelo kapa ho eketseha ha basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa - phello e lumellanang ka botlalo le mofuta oa tahi.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa: Tlhaloso ena eohle ho Reply to Gola e thehiloe holim'a boprofeta bo sa tšehetsoeng ba hore "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa" li lokela ho ba le tsona ho tsosa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa li-vanilla tsa litšoantšo, le joalo matla a seng makae a ho laola tsoho ea bona. Leha ho le joalo, ho bolela esale pele hore basebelisi ba boikhathollo ba litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro kapa ba lemalloang ke phihlelo ea ho tsosa litšoantšo tsa vanilla le takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate ka makhetlo-khetlo ba fositsoe ke mefuta e mengata ea lipatlisiso:

  1. Lipatlisiso tsa 40 ho kopanela liphate ho sebelisa ho fokotsa ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali kapa ho kopanela liphate le balekane ba thobalano.
  2. Liphuputso tsa 25 hanyetsa polelo ea hore batho ba kopanelang liphate le batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate "ba na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano" (ho feta mona ka tlase).
  3. Ka holimo ho lithuto tsa 75 tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano le kamano.

Ka kakaretso:

  • Lithuto tse peli tse boletsoeng ha li amane ka letho le batho ba lemaletseng ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ho se khone ho laola ts'ebeliso le ha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe.
  • Liphuputso tse peli tse boletsoeng ha lia ka tsa tseba hore na ke mang ea neng a lemaletse lit soant so tsa bootsoa kapa che, ka hona ha li re bolelle letho ka "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa."
  • Lihlooho tseo tse ileng tsa fumana phapang ka lipotso tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate (eseng bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) ha boa ka ba "laola tsoho ea bona hantle" ha ba ntse ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. E ka 'na eaba ba ne ba halefisitsoe ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla (ke hore, ho hloka boithati, e leng phetoho e amanang le lithethefatsi).

Ipolelle 2: Ba lemalang ba sebelisa ntho kapa boitšoaro ho qoba maikutlo a fosahetseng

TŠEPA: “Meetso e lemalloang hangata e etsa tlhahiso ea hore ts'ebeliso ea boitšoaro kapa boits'oaro e sebelisetsoe ho ntlafatsa kapa ho qoba ho ameha hampe. Bao ba tlalehang mathata ka lifilimi tsa thobalano ba hlile ba tlaleha tšusumetso e nyane molemong oa mantlha / pele ho pono ho feta taolo (Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). ”

Le hoja hangata lithethefatsi li sebelisa ho qoba tšenyo e mpe (maikutlo), hape hape karabo ea Reply to Gola e fana ka ts'ehetso ea thuto e se nang letho le ho khelosa ho boleloa ha lithethefatsi ka holimo. Thapelo, E tiisitsoe ke Fale 2013 ha a ka a hlahloba ketsahalo ena ho hang. Mona ke seo e se tlalehileng:

"Ka mokhoa o sa lebelloang, sehlopha sa VSS-P se bontšitse tšebelisano e tlase haholo ea tšusumetso e ntle le e mpe ho filimi ea thobalano ho feta VSS-C."

Phetolelo: bao ho thoeng ke "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa" (sehlopha sa VSS-P) ba ne ba se na maikutlo a fokolang ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta sehlopha sa taolo (VSS-C). Ka mantsoe a bonolo, "batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate" ha ba na maikutlo a fokolang ka lifilimi tsa thobalano le tse sa jeleng paate. Ntlha ea bohlokoa: Phuputso ea 2013 ea Prause ba sebelisa lihlooho tse tšoanang Prause et al., 2015, e leng thuto ea 2015 EEG e tšoanang le eo e fumanoeng Nyane ho sebetsa ka bokooa ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa li-porno tsa vanilla.

Ho na le tlhaloso e bonolo haholo bakeng sa "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa" ba nang le maikutlo a fokolang ha ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Vanilla ha li sa ngolisoa e le tse khahlisang kaofela. Ho ts'oana le "liketso tsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso" khafetsa lifiliming tse sa jeleng paate - ba ne ba hlonamisitsoe. Thoriso, Staley, & Fong, 2013 (e boetse e bitsoa Prause et al., 2013) e phethiloe hantle ho nyatsuoa mona.

Ho hlaha mekhoa e 'maloa litlalehong tsa bohata tsa Reply to Gola:

  1. Liphuputso tse boletsoeng ha li kopane le mekhoa e mebe ea mohlala oa lithethefatsi.
  2. Hangata lerata le qotsa lithuto tsa hae.
  3. Thuto ea Practitioner ea 3 (Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015, Steele et al., 2013.) bohle ba amehang lihlooho tse tšoanang.

Mona ke seo re se tsebang ka "basebelisi ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" lithutong tsa 3 tsa Prause ("Prause Study"): E ne e se batho ba lemalloang, kaha ha ho mohla ba kileng ba hlahlojoa bakeng sa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Kahoo, li ke ke tsa sebelisoa ka nepo ho “thetsa” eng kapa eng e amanang le mofuta oa tahi. Ha e le sehlopha ba ne ba hlonamisitsoe kapa ba tloaetse ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla, e leng se lumellanang le se boletsoeng esale pele ka mofuta oa tahi. Mona ke seo thuto ka 'ngoe e leng sona ha e le hantle e tlalehile ka litaba tsa "lithethefatsi tse lemalloang"

  1. Prause et al., 2013: "Basebelisi ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba tlaleha bolutu le litšitiso tse ngata ha ba ntse ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla.
  2. Steele et al., 2013: Batho ba nang le boitsebiso bo bongata-ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba le joalo Nyane takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane, empa e seng takatso ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.
  3. Prause et al., 2015: "Porn lemaletse basebelisi" ne Nyane bokhoni ba bokooa ho etsa litšoantšo tse tsitsitseng tsa vanilla tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Litemana tsa EEG tse tlaase li bolela hore "batho ba ts'oanang le lithethefatsi" ba ne ba sa ele hloko litšoantšo.

Mokhoa o hlakileng o hlaha liphuputsong tse tharo: "Basebelisi ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba ne ba se na letsoalo kapa ba tloaetse ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla, mme ba nang le boits'oaro bo boholo ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba khetha ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho feta ho robala le motho oa 'nete. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela ba ne ba senngoa letsoalo (sesupo se tloaelehileng sa bokhoba ba tahi) mme ba khetha tšusumetso ea maiketsetso ho moputso o matla haholo oa tlhaho (thobalano e arohaneng). Ha ho na mokhoa oa ho toloka liphetho tsena e le ho thetsa bokhoba ba bootsoa.

U ke ke ua thetsa mofuta oa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haeba "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e se makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa

Phoso e kholo lithutong tsa Prause ke hore ha ho motho ea tsebang hore na, haeba ho le teng, bafo ba Prause e ne e hlile e le makhoba a bootsoa. Ke ka hona ho nang le matšoao a qotsitsoeng khafetsa ho "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" litlhalosong tsa rona tsa lithuto tsena tse 3. Lihlooho li ile tsa hiroa ho tloha Pocatello, Idaho ka lipapatso tsa inthanete tse kopa batho ba "ba na le mathata a laolang maikutlo a bona a litšoantšo tsa thobalano. "Pocatello, Idaho e fetile 50% Mormon, lihlooho tse ngata li ka 'na tsa ikutloa joalo leha e le efe boholo ba tšebeliso ea bootsoa ke bothata bo tebileng.

Phuputsong ea 2013 Nicole Prause o lumela hore bafo ba hae ba 'maloa ba ne ba e-na le mathata a mangata (e leng se bolelang hore e ne e se litlokotsi tsa bootsoa):

"Phuputso ena e ne e kenyelletsa feela batho ba tlalehileng mathata, ho tloha ho e batlang e le nyane ho laola mathata a ba sithabetsang, ho laola tsela eo ba talimang litšusumetso tse bonahalang tsa ho kopanela liphate ka eona. ”

Hape, lipotso tse sebelisitsoeng lithutong tsa 3 ho lekola "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" (Sculsivity Scale) e ne e le ha e netefatsoe e le sesebelisoa sa ho hlahloba lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro. E bōpiloe ka 1995 mme e entsoe ka thobalano e sa laoleheng likamano (le balekane) ka kelellong, mabapi le ho batlisisa lefu la AIDS. The SCS e re:

"Na tekanyo e 'nile ea etsoa [e bontšitsoe?] Ho bolela esale pele litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, lipalo tsa balekane ba thobalano, tloaelo ea mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea thobalano, le litlaleho tsa maloetse a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano."

Ho feta moo, Lithuto tsa Prause li ne li tsamaisa lipotso ho basali. Leha ho le joalo moqapi oa SCS o lemosa hore sesebelisoa sena se ke ke sa bontša psychopathology ho basali,

“Mekhatlo lipakeng tsa bongata ba thobalano le matšoao a mang a psychopathology a bonts'itse mekhoa e fapaneng bakeng sa banna le basali; ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho ne ho amahanngoa le li-index tsa psychopathology ho banna empa eseng ho basali. "

Ntle le hore ha hoa ka ha e-ba le hore na ke eng ea lihlooho tseo e neng e le makhoba a ho kopanela liphate, e neng e etsoa ke Prause Studies eseng lihlooho tsa mathata a kelello, boitšoaro bo qobelloang, kapa lithethefatsi tse ling. Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa "thuto ea boko" efe kapa efe ka bokhoba ba tahi, ho seng joalo ho ferekana ho ka hlahisa litholoana. Phoso e 'ngoe e bolaeang ke hore lithuto tsa thuto ea Prause e ne e se tse fapaneng. Ba ne ba banna le basali, ho kenyelletsa le 7 bao e seng banna ba bong bo fapaneng, empa kaofela ha tsona li ne li bontšoa maemo a tloaelehileng, mohlomong a sa thabiseng, a motona + oa basali. Sena feela se senya lintho tse fumanoang. Hobane'ng? Ho ithuta ka mor'a thuto ho tiisa eo banna le basali ba nang le eona haholo fapaneng boko bo arabela litšoantšong kapa lifilimi tsa thobalano. Ke ka lebaka leo ho lemalla ka ho feteletseng bafuputsi ho bapala lihlooho ka hloko.

Ka kakaretso,

  • Thuto e qotsitsoe ho Reply to Gola (Prause et al., 2013) ha e amane le letho ka ho lekola sepheo sa batho ba lemaletseng ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka sebele ha e hlahlobe hore na makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho pholoha maikutlo a mabe.
  • The Prause Studies ha ea ka ea hlahloba hore na lihlooho tseo li ne li lemalloa ke litlolo kapa che. Bangoli ba ile ba lumela hore litaba tse ngata li na le bothata ba ho laola tšebeliso. Litaba tsohle li ne li tla be li tiisitsoe hore batho ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba lumella ho bapisoa ho loketseng le sehlopha sa batho ba sa ts'oang likobo.
  • Bohle lithuto tsa boko bo nepahetseng li tlameha ho ba le lihlooho tse tšoanang bakeng sa papiso e nepahetseng. Kaha Lipatlisiso tsa Prause ha lia ka tsa e-ba teng, liphello ha lia tšepahala, 'me li ke ke tsa sebelisoa ho fosa letho.

Tlhaloso ea 3: Batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba na le "takatso e phahameng ea thobalano"

TŠEPA: Ho sa le joalo, mefuta e meng e 'meli e qobellang e fumane ts'ehetso e ngata ho tloha ha phatlalatso ea Prause et al. (2015). Tsena li kenyelletsa mofuta o phahameng oa ho khanna ka thobalano (Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016) e ts'ehetsang khopolo-taba ea mantlha e tsamaeang haholo (Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). Parsons et al. (2015) ba hlahisitse hore ts'ebetso e phahameng ea thobalano e kanna ea emela karoloana ea mathata a tlalehang.

Taba ea hore batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba mpa ba e-na le “takatso e phahameng ea ho kopanela liphate,” e 'nile ea thetsoa ke Liphuputso tsa morao-rao tsa 25. Ha e le hantle, Praice ea Nicole e boletse sena Quora poso hore ha a sa lumela hore "makhoba a thobalano" a na le libidos tse phahameng:

"Ke ne ke sa tsotelle tlhaloso e phahameng ea litaba tsa thobalano, empa thuto ena ea LPP eo re sa tsoa e hatisa e nkholisa hore ke ikemisetse ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano."

Ho sa tsotelehe thuto efe kapa efe e tlalehile ho bohlokoa ho sebetsana le polelo ea bohata ea hore "takatso e phahameng ea thobalano" e amana ka botlalo le bokhoba ba thobalano. Ho hloka kelello ha eona hoa hlaka haeba motho a nahana ka likhopolo-taba tse ipapisitseng le lithethefatsi tse ling. (Bakeng sa lintlha tse ling, bona tlhaiso-leseling ena ea Steele, Thapelo, Staley, & Fong, 2013 Takatso e phahameng ', kapa' feela 'tahi? Karabo ho Steele et al., 2013). Ka mohlala, na mabaka a joalo a bolela hore ho ba motenya ka ho fetelletseng, ho sitoa ho laola ho ja le ho se thabe ka ho fetelletseng ke "takatso e phahameng ea lijo?"

Ho eketsa hape, motho o tlameha ho etsa qeto ea hore makhoba a tahi a na le takatso e phahameng ea joala, akere? 'Nete ke hore batho bohle ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ba na le "takatso e phahameng" ea lithethefatsi le mesebetsi ea bona e lemalloang (e bitsoang "ho hlohlelletsa"), Leha thabo ea bona ea mesebetsi e joalo e fokotseha ka lebaka la liphetoho tse ling tse amanang le bokhoba ba tahi (ho hloka boithati). Leha ho le joalo, ha e hlakole bokhoba ba bona (bo setseng e le bokuli).

Boholo ba litsebi tsa tahi li nahana hore "a tsoela pele ho sebelisa ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe”Hore e be letšoao le ka sehloohong la bokhoba ba tahi. Ntle le moo, motho e mong a ka ba le ts'oaetso ea erectile ea bootsoa mme a sitoa ho ea ka n beyond'ane ho khomphutha ea hae ka kamoreng e ka tlase ea 'm'ae ka lebaka la litlamorao tsa bootsoa ho tšusumetso ea hae le tsebo ea hae ea kahisano. Empa, ho ea ka bafuputsi bana, ha feela a bontša "takatso e phahameng ea thobalano," ha a na bokhoba. Paradigm ena e hlokomoloha ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e tsejoang ka tahi, ho kenyeletsoa matšoao le boits'oaro e arolelanoang ke bohle ba lemalang, tse kang liphello tse mpe, ho se khone ho laola tšebeliso, litakatso, joalo-joalo.

Ha re shebeng haufi-ufi lithuto tsa 3 tse bontšitsoeng ho ts'ehetsa polelo e kaholimo ea "takatso e phahameng":

1. Steele, Thapelo, Staley, & Fong, 2013 (Takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, eseng ho kopanela liphate, e amana le likarabo tsa maikutlo tse hlalosang litšoantšo tsa thobalano):

Re tšohlile thuto ena kaholimo (Steele et al., 2013). Moemeli oa 2013, Nicole Prause, o ile a etsa lipolelo tse peli tse sa tšehetsoang ka sechaba Steele et al., 2013:

  1. Likarabo tseo baikarabello ba tsona li fapane le tse bonoang mefuteng e meng ea lithethefatsi (cocaine e ne e le mohlala)
  2. Batho bao ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ba ne ba mpa ba e-na le “takatso e phahameng ea ho kopanela liphate.”

Tlasa #1) Phuputso e ile ea tlaleha litlaleho tse phahameng tsa EEG ha lihlooho li ne li pepesoa lifoto tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Liphuputso li bontša khafetsa hore P300 e phahameng e etsahala ha meriana e pepesehela lits'ebetsong (tse kang litšoantšo) tse amanang le lithethefatsi tsa bona. Tlhaloso ena e tšehetsa mohlala oa lithethefatsi oa lithethefatsi, joalokaha litlhahlobo tse hlahlobisitsoeng ke litlhahlobo tsa 8 Steele et al. e hlalositsoe (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) le moprofesa oa thuto ea kelello o hlahella John A. Johnson o hlalositse ka tlhaloso tlas'a 2013 Psychology kajeno Puisano ea Prause:

"Kelello ea ka e ntse e tsubella polelo ea Prause ea hore boko ba bafo ba hae ha boa ka ba arabela litšoantšong tsa thobalano joalo ka bokooa ba batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, hobane a tlaleha lipalo tse phahameng tsa P300 bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Joalo ka ba lemalloang ba bonts'a li-spikes tsa P300 ha ba hlahisoa ka lithethefatsi tsa bona tseo ba li ratang. O ne a ka fihlela qeto e fapaneng le ea litholoana tsa nnete joang? ”

Dr. Johnson, ea se nang maikutlo mabapi le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, o ile a hlalosa ka lekhetlo la bobeli ka tlase tlas'a puisano ea Prause:

Mocha oa Mustanski o botsa, "Sepheo sa thuto e ne e le eng?" 'Me Prause o arabela, "Phuputso ea rona e ile ea leka hore na batho ba tlaleha mathata a joalo [mathata a ho laola tsela eo ba shebellang li-online erotica] ba shebahala eka ke lithethefatsi tse ling tse tsoang likong tsa bokooa litšoantšong tsa thobalano."

Empa phuputso ha ea ka ea bapisa lirekoto tsa boko ho batho ba nang le mathata a ho laola pono ea bona ea li-erotica tsa inthaneteng le lirekoto tsa bokooa tse tsoang ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi le lirekoto tsa boko ho tsoa sehlopheng se seng sa taolo ea bokhoba, e neng e ka ba tsela e totobetseng ea ho bona hore na boko bo arabela ho tsoa bothateng sehlopha shebahala joaloka likarabo boko ba lemalla kapa bao e seng lemalla… ..

Tlasa #2'Muelli oa thuto Nicole Prause o boletse hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le "takatso e phahameng ea thobalano," leha ho le joalo phuputso e tlalehile ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa ho sebetsana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Nyane takatso ea thobalano e arohaneng. Ka mantsoe a mang, batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso e kholo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ka mpa ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho feta ho robala le motho oa 'nete. Seo ha se "phahameng thobalano takatso. ” Sengoloa se tsoang ho ho nyatsa maikutlo Steele et al. e nkiloe ho sena 2015 tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng:

Ho feta moo, sephetho se thathamisitsoeng bukeng ena, "Tlhaloso ea ho utloisisa bosodoma e le takatso e phahameng, ho e-na le ho ferekana, e tšohloa" [303] (leq. 1) ho bonahala eka ha ho moo ho nkoang hore thuto e fumane hore P300 e le bophahamo ba boholo hampe e amanang le takatso ea thobalano le molekane. Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ho Hilton (2014), tlhaloso ena "e hanyetsa ka ho toba tlhaloso ea P300 e le takatso e phahameng" [307]. Phuputso ea Hilton e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho se be le sehlopha sa taolo le ho se khonehe ha theknoloji ea EEG ho khetholla pakeng tsa "takatso ea ho kopanela liphate" le "ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate" ho etsa hore Steele et al. liphihlelo tse ke keng tsa hlalosoa [307].

Ntlha ea bohlokoa: Liphuputso tsa Steele et al., 2013 ha e le hantle e senya lipolelo tse entsoeng karolong ea Reply to Gola.

2. Parsons et al., 2015 (Ho se nahane, ho kopanela liphate, kapa ho kopanela liphate feela? Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mefuta e meraro ea banna ba bong bo tšoanang le ba bong bo fapaneng le litlaleho tsa bona tsa kotsi e amanang le thobalano):

Joaloka hoo e batlang e le thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e boletsoeng Karabong ea Gola, phuputso ena e ile ea hloleha ho hlahloba hore na ke lihlooho life tseo ha e le hantle e neng e le makhoba a bootsoa. E sebelisitse lipotso tse peli tse neng li botsa feela ka boits'oaro ba thobalano: "Scaleivity Scale" (e tšohliloeng kaholimo), le "Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory." Ha ho na lipotso tse neng li na le ntho e le 'ngoe mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, ka hona thuto ena e ke ke ea re joetsa letho ka eona Internet ho lemalla lithethefatsi.

Ha a ntse a Parsons et al., 2015 e ameha feela ka boitšoaro ba thobalano ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng, liphetho tsa eona li hlile li thetsa polelo ea hore "bokhoba ba thobalano ke takatso e phahameng ea thobalano." Haeba takatso e phahameng ea thobalano le bokhoba ba thobalano li ne li tšoana, ho ne ho tla ba le sehlopha se le seng sa batho ka kakaretso. Sebakeng sena, phuputso ena e tlalehile lihlopha tse 'maloa tse ikhethileng, leha ho le joalo lihlopha tsohle li tlalehile litefiso tse tšoanang tsa thobalano.

Patlisiso e hlahang e ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa hore tlhekefetso ea thobalano (SC) le lefu la hypersexual (HD) har'a banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng (GBM) li kanna tsa nahanoa e le tse nang le lihlopha tse tharo - Eseng ho qobella ho kopanela liphate kapa ho kopanela liphate; Ho qobella batho ho kopanela liphate feela, le ho qobella batho ho kopanela liphate le ho ratana le batho ba bang ka thobalano. Hoo e ka bang halofo (48.9%) ea sampole ena e matla haholo ea thobalano e ne e khethiloe e se SC kapa HD, 30% e le SC Feela, le 21.1% joalo ka bobeli ba SC le HD. Ha re sa fumane phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse tharo ka palo e tlalehiloeng ea balekane ba banna, liketso tsa thobalano ea ka morao ...

E nolofalitsoe: Takatso e phahameng ea thobalano, joalo ka ha e lekantsoe ke thobalano, e re joetsa hanyane haholo ka hore na motho ke lekhoba la thobalano kapa che. Ntho ea bohlokoa e fumanoeng mona ke hore bokhoba ba thobalano ha bo tšoane le "takatso e phahameng ea thobalano".

3. Walton, Lykins, le Bhullar, 2016 (Ka ntle ho ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanela liphate le ho ratana le ba bong bo fapaneng A mefuta e fapaneng ka ho tsebahala ka thobalano):

Hobaneng ha "lengolo lena le eang ho mohlophisi" le boletsoe e ntse e le sephiri. Ha se thuto e hlahlojoang ke lithaka ebile ha e amane le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa kapa bosodoma. Na bangoli ba Reply to Gola ba manolla litemana tsa bona ka lipampiri tse sa amaneng le bona?

Ka kakaretso:

  • Lithuto tse tharo tse boletsoeng ha lia ka tsa hlahloba hore na taba efe kapa efe e ne e le meriana e hlephileng ea bootsoa kapa che. Ka lebaka leo, ba ka re bolella hanyenyane ka boipiletso ba hore ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba na le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate e phahameng.
  • Steele, Thapelo, Staley, & Fong, 2013 e tlalehile hore ho hopola ho hoholo ho ho kopanela liphate ho amana le Nyane takatso ea thobalano le molekane. Sena se etsa hore batho ba ipolele hore ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba phahame thobalano takatso.
  • Parsons et al., 2015 e tlalehile hore thobalano e ne e sa amane le mehato ea bosodoma. Sena ke leshano la polelo ea hore "makhoba a thobalano" a na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano.
  • Walton, Lykins, le Bhullar, 2016 ke lengolo le eang ho mohlophisi le se nang letho le taba e le teng.

Ipolelle 4: ho se sebetse ha Erectile ke phello e mpe ka ho fetisisa e khothalletsoang e mpe ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo

TŠEPA: Mefuta ea lithethefatsi e tloaetse ho bolela esale pele litlamorao tse mpe. Le ha ho se sebetse ha erectile e le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​mathata a erectile ha a phahame ka ho shebella lifilimi tse ngata tsa thobalano (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ).

Taba ea hore "ho se sebetse ha erectile ke litlamorao tse mpe ka ho fetesisa tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ha e na tšehetso. Ke khama motho a ngangisana joaloka:

  1. Ha ho pampiri e hlahlobelitsoeng ke lithaka e kileng ea re ho se sebetse ha erectile ke phello ea #1 ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
  2. Phello ea #1 ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha e e-s'o hlalosoe ka pampiri e hlahlobisitsoeng ke lithaka (mohlomong ha ho mohla e tla ba).
  3. Tlhaloso ena e itšetlehile ka liphello tsa bootsoa tshebediso, e sa tšoaneng le liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lemalla ntho.

Joang ka khonang ho se sebetse ha erectile e be sephetho sa #1 se fosahetseng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tshebediso ha halofo e tšehali ea baahi e tlosoa? Haeba bothata leha e le bofe ba thobalano e ne e le palo e le 'ngoe feela ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ne e lokela ho ba tlase libido kapa anorgasmia, e le ho kenyelletsa basali.

Leha ho le joalo, e 'ngoe ea lithuto tse tharo tse boletsoeng e hlile e tsebile hore na lihlooho, haeba li le teng, li ne li lemalla ho kopanela liphate: Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015. Ka sebele, ena ke eona feela thuto e boletsoeng ho Phatlalatso eohle ho Gola e khethollang sehlopha se seng sa thuto se lemaletseng lithethefatsi. Lithuto tse ling tse peli tse boletsoeng mona (Landripet le Štulhofer, 2015; Thapelo le Pfaus, 2015) ha re re bolelle letho ka kamano pakeng tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho se sebetse ha erectile hobane ha ho na motho ea hlahlobang hore na ho na le ntho efe eo ho thoeng e ne e le moriri oa lithethefatsi kapa che. Mohala o tloaelehile?

Kahoo, a re qaleng ka ho hlahloba thuto e le 'ngoe feela e loketseng e bontšitsoeng ho Reply to Gola.

Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, le Cantor, 2015 (Matšoao a mamello ka mofuta oa ho kopanela liphate ho emela boipheliso: Tlhahlobo e lekaneng ea Tlhahlobo ea Liketsahalo tsa Basotho tsa 115):

Ke thuto ho banna (ka karolelano lilemo tse 41.5) ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa mathata a bosodoma, joalo ka paraphilias le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho sa foleng kapa bofebe. 27 e ne e khetholloa e le "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" ho bolelang hore ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (hangata ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) hora e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta ka letsatsi kapa ho feta lihora tse 7 ka beke. 71% ea basebelisi ba ts'oaetsanoang ba bootsoa ba tlalehile mathata a sebetsang ka thobalano, le 33% tlaleho e lieha ho khaotsa (hangata e le selelekela ho ED-e susumelletseha ED).

Ke bothata bofe ba thobalano boo 38% ea banna ba setseng ba nang le bona? Boithuto ha bo bolele, mme bangoli ba hlokomolohile likopo tse phetoang khafetsa bakeng sa lintlha. Likhetho tse peli tsa mantlha tsa ho se sebetse ka thobalano ha banna sehlopheng sena ke ED le tlaase libido. Banna bao ha baa ka ba botsoa ka ts'ebetso ea bona ea erectile ntle le bootsoa. Hangata banna ha ba tsebe hore ba kentse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ED haeba ba sa kopanele liphate 'me sehlohlolo sa bona se kenyelletsa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Sena se bolela hore mathata a thobalano a kanna a ba a phahame ho feta 71% ho makhoba a bootsoa. Hobaneng ha Karabo e eang ho Gola e bontšitse thuto ena e le bopaki ba hore "litlamorao tse mpe" ha li amahanngoe le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ntse e le sephiri.

Sutton et al., 2015 e hlalositsoe ke thuto e 'ngoe feela ho etsa lipatlisiso ka kotloloho likamano lipakeng tsa mathata a thobalano le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ea bootsoa. Phuputso ea 2016 Belgian ho tsoa univesithi e etelletseng pele ea lipatlisiso e fumane hore ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata ea inthanete ea inthanete e ne e amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea erectile le ho fokotsa khotsofalo e akaretsang ea thobalano. Empa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ile ba ba le litakatso tse kholo. Phuputso e boetse e bonahala e tlaleha keketseho, kaha banna ba 49% ba ne ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "e ne e sa thahasellise ho bona pele kapa hore e ne e nkoa e nyonyeha. "

Haele hantle, ho feta lithuto tsa 30 li hlalositse khokahanyo ena pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro le liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate kapa tsoho ea ho kopanela liphate e fokotsehileng Liphuputso tsa pele tsa 5 lenaneng leo li bontša ho baka kaha barupeluoa ba ile ba tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba phekola likotsi tse sa feleng tsa thobalano Ho phaella moo, ho feta Lipatlisiso tsa 60 li amahanya tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho theola thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano. Ho utloahala joalo ka "litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho nna.

Le ha "ho etsa thobalano" e bakoang ke ho ts'oaroa ha thobalano ho sa ame boteng ba "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa," re fetohela latelang ho hlahloba lithuto tse peli tsa pele tse boletsoeng kaholimo bakeng sa tseko ea hore ho na le kamano e nyane lipakeng tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile le maemo a hona joale a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Taba ea mantlha, ho bohlokoa ho tseba hore lithuto tse lekolang botona le botšehali ba banna ho tloha ka 2010 li tlaleha maemo a nalane a likotsi tsa thobalano, le sekhahla se makatsang sa lefu la seoa le lecha: low libido. Tsohle li ngotsoe ka pampiri ena e hlahlobisitsoeng ke litlhahlobo tsa 2016.

Thapelo le Pfaus 2015 (Ho shebella thobalano ea thobalano e amanang le boikarabello bo bong bo bongata ba thobalano, e seng erectile ho se sebetse):

Kaha sena se ne se kopantsoe hammoho pampiri ha sea ka sa tsebahatsa lihlooho tse kang lithethefatsi tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, li fumanoe li ke ke tsa tšehetsa taba ea hore mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi o fosahetse. Thapelo le Pfaus 2015 e ne e se thuto ho hang. Ho e-na le hoo, Prause o ile a re o bokelitse lintlha tse tsoang lithutong tsa hae tse 'nè tsa pejana, ha ho le e' ngoe ea tsona e buang ka ho se sebetse ha erectile. Bothata bo eketsehileng: Ha ho na data ea Thapelo le Pfaus (2015) pampiri e bapisa lintlha tsa liphuputso tse 'nè tsa pejana. Ho se lumellane ha ho nyenyane mme ha hoa hlalosoa.

Tlhaloso ea mofuputsi Richard A. Isenberg MD, e hatisitsoeng ho Bongaka ba ho Kopanela Liphate Ho Fumana Access, e supa likhetho tse 'maloa (empa eseng tsohle), liphoso le litšehetso tse sa tšehetsoeng (a ho beha maikutlo ho hlalosa likarolo tse ling tse fapaneng). Nicole Prause & Jim Pfaus ba entse lipolelo tse 'maloa tsa bohata kapa tse sa tšehetsoeng tse amanang le pampiri ena.

Lingoloa tse ngata tsa baqolotsi ba litaba ka thuto ena li boletse hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e lebisitse ho ho molemo likhetho, empa ha se seo pampiri e se fumaneng. Ha lipuisano li tlalehiloe, bobeli ba Nicole Prause le Jim Pfaus ba boletse ka bohata hore ba ne ba lekantse likarolo tse ling tsa laboratoire, le hore banna ba neng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ba ne ba e-na le litlhaloso tse molemo. Ka Puisano ea TV ea Jim Pfaus Pfaus o re:

"Re shebile khokahano ea bokhoni ba bona ba ho emisoa ka laboratoring."

"Re fumane khokahano ea liner le palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tseo ba li shebileng hae, 'me maqhutsu ao ka mohlala a fumanang erection a potlakile."

In puisano ena ea seea-le-moea Nicole Prause o ile a bolela hore li-erections li lekantsoe ka laborateng. Tlhaloso e tobileng ea pontšo:

"Ha batho ba ntse ba shebella thobalano malapeng ba na le likarabo tse matla ho feta tsa laboratori, ha li fokotsehe."

Leha ho le joalo pampiri ena ha ea ka ea lekola boleng ba erection labong kapa "lebelo la likhahla." Pampiri e ne e re feela e kopile bashanyana ho lekanya "tsoho" ea bona kamora ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hakhutšoane (mme ha ho hlake ho tsoa lipampiring tsa mantlha hore le tsona li etsahetse lithutong tsohle). Leha ho le joalo, karolo e tsoang pampiring ka boeona e amohetse hore:

"Ha ho na lintlha tsa karabelo ea litho tsa botona kapa botšehali tse kenyellelitsoeng ho ts'ehetsa boiphihlelo ba banna ba ho tlaleha."

Ketsahalong ea bobeli e sa tšehetsoeng, mongoli ea etellang pele Nicole Prause tweeted ka makhetlo a 'maloa ka thuto, ho tsebisa lefats'e hore litaba tsa 280 li amehile, le hore "ha li na mathata malapeng." Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse' nè tsa motheo li na le lihlooho tsa banna ba 234 feela, kahoo "280" e se e le teng.

Tlhaloso ea boraro e sa tšehetsoeng: Dr. Isenberg o ipotsa hore na ho ka khoneha joang Thapelo le Pfaus 2015 ho bapisa lihlooho tse fapaneng tsa tsoho ha li le tharo fapaneng mefuta ea litakatso tsa botona le botšehali e sebelisitsoe thupong ea 4. Lithuto tse peli tse sebelisitsoeng filimi ea 3-thuto e 'ngoe li ile tsa sebelisa filimi ea bobeli ea 20,' me thuto e 'ngoe e ile ea sebelisa litšoantšo. Ho tiisitsoe hantle hore lifilimi li tsosoa haholo ho feta lifoto, kahoo ha ho na sehlopha se nang le tokelo ea ho etsa lipatlisiso se neng se ka kopanya lihlooho tsena hammoho ho etsa likopo ka likarabo tsa bona. Ho tšosang ke hore pampiring ea bona Prause & Pfaus ha ba na bopaki ba hore lithuto tsohle tsa 4 li sebelisitse lifilimi tsa thobalano:

"VSS e hlahisitsoeng liphuputsong e ne e le lifilimi tsohle."

Polelo ena ke ea bohata, joalo ka ha e senotsoe ka ho hlaka lithutong tsa mantlha tsa Prause.

Tlhaloso ea bone e sa tšehetsoeng: Dr. Isenberg o boetse o botsa hore na Thapelo le Pfaus 2015 e ile ea bapisa lihlooho tse fapaneng tsa ho tsosa ha feela 1 ea 4 lithuto tsa motheo tse sebelisitsoeng a 1 ho lekaneng la 9. E mong o sebelisitse sekala sa 0 ho isa ho 7, e mong o sebelisitse sekala sa 1 ho isa ho 7, mme phuputso e le 'ngoe ha ea ka ea tlaleha litekanyetso tsa tsoho. Hape Prause & Pfaus ha ba utloisise hore:

"Banna ba ile ba botsoa hore ba bontše boemo ba bona ba" ho tsosoa ha thobalano "ho tloha 1" ha ho joalo "ho 9" haholo. "

Sena le sona ke sa bohata ha lipampiri tsa motheo li bontša. Ka kakaretso, lihlooho tsohle tse hlahisoang ke Moemphera ka litlhaloso tsa ho ntlafatsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho tsosoa, kapa ntho efe kapa efe, ha lia lokela. Thapelo le Pfaus 2015 e boetse e boletse hore ha e fumane kamano pakeng tsa likarolo tse sebetsang tsa erectile le palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse nkiloeng khoeling e fetileng. Joalokaha Dr. Isenberg a bontšitse:

“Ho tšoenyang le ho feta ke ho siuoa hoa lipalo-palo ka botlalo bakeng sa tekanyo ea sephetho sa mosebetsi oa erectile. Ha ho liphetho tsa lipalo-palo tse fanoang. Sebakeng seo bangoli ba botsa 'mali hore a lumele feela polelo ea bona e sa netefatsoang hore ha ho na kamano lipakeng tsa lihora tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse shebiloeng le ts'ebetso ea erectile. Ha ho fanoa ka polelo e hanyetsanang ea bangoli ea hore ts'ebetso ea erectile le molekane e kanna ea ntlafatsoa ka ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ba sieo ha lipalo-palo ho matla haholo. ”

Karabelong ea Prause & Pfaus ho tlhahlobisiso ea Dr. Isenberg, ba ile ba boela ba hloleha ho fana ka datha ho tšehetsa "polelo ea bona e senang bopaki." Joalokaha litokomane tsena tsa tlhahlobo, karabelo ea Prause & Pfaus ha e felise mathata a utloahalang a Dr. Isenberg, empa e na le tse 'maloa tse ncha litlaleho tse fosahetseng le lipolelo tse 'maloa tsa bohata tse hlakileng. Qetellong, ho hlahloba lingoliloeng tse entsoeng ke lingaka tse supileng tsa Navy tsa United States o buile ka eona Thapelo le Pfaus 2015:

"Tlhahlobo ea rona e boetse e kenyelelitse lipampiri tse peli tsa 2015 tse reng litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete ha li amane le mathata a ntseng a eketseha a thobalano ho bahlankana. Leha ho le joalo, lipolelo tse joalo li bonahala li le kapele pele ho hlahlojoa ka hloko lipampiri tsena le ho nyatsuoa ka semmuso. Pampiri ea pele e na le leseli la bohlokoa mabapi le karolo e ka bang teng ea boemo ba thobalano ho ED ea bocha [50]. Leha ho le joalo, khatiso ena e tlile tlas'a ho nyatsoa ka ho se lumellane ho fapaneng, ho fokotsa lintho le mefokolo ea litsela. Ka mohlala, ha e fane ka liphetho tsa litekanyetso bakeng sa mokhoa oa erectile oa sephetho sa boemo bo amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete tse sebelisoang. Ho feta moo, ha ngaka e etsang lipatlisiso e hlalositsoe ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa pampiri, bangoli ba lipampiri, "ha baa fana ka tlhahiso-leseling e lekaneng mabapi le baahi ba ithutoang kapa lipalo-palo li hlahlobisisa ho lumellana le qeto ea bona" ​​[51]. Ho phaella moo, bafuputsi ba ile ba phenyekolla feela lihora tse ngata tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete ba sebelisa khoeli e fetileng. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tsa ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li fumane hore mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete e sebelisa ka boeona ha e amane haholo le "mathata a bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng", tse ngata ho SAST-R (Sexual Addiction Screening Test), le lintlha tse hlahang IATsex (seletsa e lekanyang ho lemalla liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka inthaneteng) [52, 53, 54, 55, 56]. Moeletsi ea molemo ke boithabiso bo tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho tsosoa takatso ha a ntse a shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Internet (cue reactivity), correlate e tsitsitseng ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba lithethefatsi tsohle [52, 53, 54]. Ho boetse ho na le bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha ba hore nako e sebelisetsoang ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthaneteng ha e bolele esale pele boitšoaro bo hlephileng. "Lithethefatsi li ka hlahlojoa feela haeba sepheo, liphello le likarolo tsa maemo a boitšoaro li boetse ke karolo ea tekanyetso" [57]. Lihlopha tse ling tse tharo tsa lipatlisiso, tse sebelisang mekhoa e fapa-fapaneng ea "bosodoma" (ntle le lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso), li e sebelisitse haholo le mathata a thobalano [15, 30, 31]. Ha ho kopantsoe, phuputso ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho fapana le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" feela, mefuta e mengata e bohlokoa haholo tekong ea bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / bosodoma, mme e kanna ea ba e bohlokoa haholo ho lekoleng mathata a amanang le thobalano. "

Pampiri ea Sesole sa Metsing ea US e totobalitse bofokoli ba ho hokahanya "lihora tsa hajoale tsa ts'ebeliso" feela ho bolela esale pele mathata a amanang le thobalano. Palo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e shebiloeng hajoale ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e mengata e amehang ho nts'etsopele ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

  1. Boemo ba ho ikhotsofatsa ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ntle le bootsoa
  2. Boikutlo ba ho kopanela liphate le motho ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali
  3. Likheo ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali (moo motho a itšetlehileng ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa feela)
  4. Moroetsana kapa che
  5. Kakaretso ea lihora tse sebelisoang
  6. Lilemo tsa tšebeliso
  7. Lilemo li qalile ho sebelisa litšoantšo
  8. Ho pharalla ho liphatsa tse ncha
  9. Ntlafatso ea li-fetis tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate (ho tloha ho ea ho mefuta e mecha ea bootsoa)
  10. Palo ea li-novelty ka kakaretso (e leng livideo tsa ho kopanya, li-tab tse ngata)
  11. Boko bo amanang le lithethefatsi bo fetoha kapa che
  12. Boteng ba ho kopanela liphate / ts'oaetso ea lithethefatsi

Tsela e molemo ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka ts'ebetso ena, ke ho tlosa mefuta e fapaneng ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ea Inthanete le ho bona sephetho, se ileng sa etsoa pampiri ea Navy le lithuto tse ling tse peli. Patlisiso e joalo e senola ho baka ho e-na le likamano tse sa lumellaneng tse bulehileng ho tlhaloso e sa tšoaneng. Sebaka sa ka sa maqephe e ngotsoe banna ba likete tse 'maloa ba ileng ba tlosa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa' me ba hlaphoheloa likotsing tse sa feleng tsa thobalano.

Landripet & Štulhofer 2015 (Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li Sebelisa Tse Amanang le Mathata a ho Kopanela Liphate le Litšenyeletso har'a Banna ba Banyenyane ba Kopanelang ho Kopanela Liphate? Puisano e Khutšoanyane):

Joalo ka Thapelo le Pfaus, 2015, "Puisano e Khutšoanyane" ena e ile ea hloleha ho khetholla lihlooho tse ling tse lemalloang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Kaha ha ho na makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho e hlahloba e ke ke ea thetsa "litlamorao tse mpe" tsa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa. The Reply to Gola e boletse joalo Landripet le Štulhofer, 2015 ha e fumane likamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo le litlokotsi tsa thobalano. Sena ha se 'nete, joalokaha se ngotsoe ka bobeli ena YBOP e nyatsa 'me tlhahlobo ea sekepe sa US Navy ea lingoliloeng:

Koranta ea bobeli e ile ea tlaleha phapang e nyenyane pakeng tsa palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete selemong se fetileng le litekanyetso tsa ED ka banna ba kopanelang liphate ba Norway, Portugal le Croatia [6]. Bangoli bana, ho fapana le tse ling tsa pampiri e fetileng, ba lemoha ho ata ha ED ho banna ba 40 le ka tlase, 'me ka sebele ba fumane li-ED le tlase tsa takatso ea thobalano ho feta 31% le 37%, ka ho latellana. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lipatlisiso pele ho phallo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete tse entsoeng ka 2004 ke e mong oa bangoli ba pampiri ba tlaleha likhakanyo tsa ED feela tsa 5.8% ho banna 35-39 [58]. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la papiso ea lipalo, bangoli ba etsa qeto ea hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ha li bonahale li le kotsi haholo bakeng sa ED ea bocha. Ho bonahala eka banna ba Mapotoketsi bao ba ileng ba etsa lipatlisiso ba tlaleha litefiso tse tlaase ka ho fetisisa tsa ho kopanela liphate ho fapana le batho ba Norway le ba Croatia, 'me 40% feela ea Sepotoketsi e tlalehile ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "Inthaneteng ka makhetlo a' maloa ka beke ho isa ho letsatsi", ha e bapisoa le MaNorway , 57%, le Croatians, 59%. Koranta ena e 'nile ea nyatsuoa ka molao ka ho se sebelise mehlala e pharaletseng e khonang ho kenyelletsa likamano tse tobileng le tse sa tsejoeng pakeng tsa mefuta e tsejoang kapa ea hypothesized hore e sebetse [59]. Ka ts'ebetsong, ka pampiri e amanang le takatso e tebileng ea thobalano e akarelletsang lihlopha tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso ho tloha Portugal, Croatia le Norway, banna bao ba botsoa hore na ke lintlha life tse ngata tseo ba lumelang hore li tlatselitse bothateng ba tsona ba ho hloka thahasello ea thobalano. Har'a lintho tse ling, hoo e batlang e le 11% -22% e khethile "Ke sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo" 'me 16% -26% e khethile "Ke ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali"60].

Joalokaha lingaka tsa Sesole sa Metsing li hlalositse, pampiri ena e fumane kamano e ntle haholo: Ke 40% feela ea banna ba Mapotoketsi ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "khafetsa," ha 60% ea batho ba Norway ba ne ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "khafetsa." Banna ba Mapotoketsi ba ne ba na le ho se sebetse hantle ka thobalano ho feta batho ba Norway. Mabapi le MaCroatia, Landripet le Štulhofer, 2015 e lumela mokhatlo oa bohlokoa o sebelisoang hangata pakeng tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ED, empa o re boholo ba motlakase bo boholo. Leha ho le joalo, tlhaloso ena e ka 'na ea khelosa ho ea ka MD eo e leng setsebi sa lipalo-palo ea litsebo' me o ngotse lithuto tse ngata:

E hlahlobiloe ka tsela e fapaneng (Chi squared),… tšebeliso e itekanetseng (vs. ha e sebelisoe khafetsa) e ekelitse menyetla (ea ho ba teng) ea ho ba le ED ka hoo e ka bang 50% ho sechaba sena sa Croatia. Seo se utloahala se na le moelelo ho nna, leha e le ho makatsang hore se fumanoeng se fumanoe feela har'a maCroatia.

Holim'a moo, Landripet le Stulhofer 2015 e lahlile likamano tse peli tsa bohlokoa, tseo e mong oa bangoli ba li hlahisitseng seboka sa Europe. O tlalehile kamano e kholo lipakeng tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile le "khetho ea mefuta e meng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa":

“Ho tlaleha khetho ea mofuta o itseng oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amanang haholo le erectile (empa eseng ejaculatory kapa tse amanang le takatso) e motona ho se sebetse ka thobalano. "

E bolela seo Landripet le Stulhofer o ile a khetha ho tlosa kopano ena e kholo pakeng tsa ho se sebetse ha eretile le litakatso tsa mofuta o itseng oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tsoang pampiri ea bona. Ho tloaelehile haholo hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo ba ts'oanang le litšoantšo ba se ke ba lumellana le litakatso tsa bona tsa pele tsa ho kopanela liphate, le ho ba le bothata ba ED ha litšoantšo tsena tsa bootsoa li sa lumellane le likamano tsa sebele tsa thobalano. Ha rona le US Navy re boletse ka holimo, ke habohlokoa ho hlahloba mefuta e mengata e amanang le tšebeliso ea bootsoa - eseng lihora feela khoeling e fetileng, kapa palo ea selemo se fetileng.

Ntho ea bobeli ea bohlokoa e fumanoeng Landripet le Stulhofer 2015 e amehang litho tsa basali:

"Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho eketsehile hanyane empa ho amana haholo le ho fokotseha ha thahasello ea thobalano e arohaneng le ho se sebetse ho atileng ho basali."

Tšebelisano e kholo lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e kholo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho fokotsa libido le ho se sebetse ho feta thobalano ho bonahala ho le bohlokoa haholo. Hobaneng ho se joalo Landripet le Stulhofer Tlaleho ea 2015 hore ba fumane likamano tse kholo lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho basali, hammoho le banna ba fokolang? Hona hobaneng ha tlhahiso ena e sa tlalehoa ho efe kapa efe ea Lithuto tse ngata tsa Stulhofer e hlahang ho lisebelisoa tsee tsa data? Lihlopha tsa hae li bonahala li potlakile ho phatlalatsa ditshwantsho tseo li ipolelang hore li etsa hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li susumetsoe ke ED, empa li lieha ho tsebisa basali ka mekhoa e mebe ea thobalano ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo.

Qetellong, mofuputsi oa bootsoa oa Denmark Maikutlo a Gert Martin Hald a bohlokoa e fane ka tlhaloso ea ho hlahloba mefuta e mengata (batlatsili, batlhophisi) ho feta makhetlo a beke ka beke likhoeling tsa ho qetela tsa 12:

Thuto ha e sebetsane le batho ba khonang ho etsa lipatlisiso kapa baemeli ba likamano tse ithutoang kapa tse khonang ho tseba hore na ho na le eng. Ka ho eketsehileng, lipatlisong tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tlhokomelo e fanoa lintlheng tse ka 'nang tsa susumetsa boholo kapa tataiso ea likamano tse ithutoang (e leng, batataisi) hammoho le litsela tseo tšusumetso e joalo e ka hlahang ho tsona (ke hore, lipakeng). Liphuputso tsa nakong e tlang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa le mathata a ho kopanela liphate li ka boela tsa rua molemo ka ho kenngoa ho joalo.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa: Maemo ohle a rarahaneng a bongaka a kenyelletsa lintlha tse ngata, tse tlamehang ho qhekelloa. Leha ho le joalo, Landripet & Stulhofer o re, "Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ha li bonahale e le kotsi e kholo bakeng sa takatso ea banna ba banyenyane, erectile, kapa mathata a monate"E ea hole haholo, kaha e hlokomoloha mefuta eohle e meng e ka bang teng e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e kanna ea baka mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho basebelisi - ho kenyeletsoa ho nyoloha ho mefuta e itseng eo ba e fumaneng, empa ba sa e lumelle" Puisanong e Khuts'oane. "

Pele re kholisehile hore ha re letho leo re ka tšoenyehang ka lona ho tloha litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ba inthanete, bafuputsi ba ntse ba lokela ho ikarabella bakeng sa morao tjena, ho hlahella ka matla ED e monyenyane le takatso e tlaase ea ho kopanela liphate, Le lithuto tse ngata tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho mathata a thobalano.

Kamora nako, ho bohlokoa hore re hlokomele seo Nicole Prause na likamano tse haufi le indasteri ea bootsoa 'me e tšoenyehile haholo ka PIED e tenang, ha e se e tsitsitse a Ntoa ea lilemo tsa 3 khahlanong le pampiri ena ea thuto, ha ka nako e ts'oanang ba hlekefetsa le ho nyatsa bahlankana ba hlaphohetsoeng lits'oants'o tsa thobalano. Bona litokomane: n: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Kereke ea Noe, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes #10Alex Rhodes # 11, Gabe Deem le Alex Rhodes hammoho # 12, Alexander Rhodes #13, Alexander Rhodes #14, Gabe Deem #4, Alexander Rhodes #15.

Le ha hona e le boitšoaro bo makatsang bakeng sa mofuputsi, Prause o entse ba kopantsoeng liketsahalong tse ngata tse tlalehiloeng ho hlekefetsoa le ho nyatsoa hampe e le karolo ea letšolo la "astroturf" le tsoelang pele ho susumelletsa batho hore mang kapa mang ea sa lumellaneng le liqeto tsa hae o tšoaneloa ke ho nyefoloa. Prause e bokelletse a histori e telele bahatisi ba hlohlelletsang, bafuputsi, litsebi, baqolotsi ba litlaleho le ba bang ba sebete ho tlaleha bopaki ba mahlomola ho sebelisoa ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. O bonahala a le joalo e ntle haholo le indasteri ea bootsoa, joalokaha ho ka bonoa ho sena setšoantšo sa hae (ka ho le letona) holim'a sekoahelo se khubelu sa mokete oa lihlopha tsa X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO). (Ho latela Wikipedia "the XRCO Awards li fanoa ke Amerika Bahlahlobisisi ba X-Rated Organisation selemo le selemo ho batho ba sebetsang boithabisong ba batho ba baholo mme ke ona feela meputso ea indasteri ea batho ba baholo e bonts'itsoeng feela bakeng sa litho tsa indasteri ”.[1]). Hape ho bonahala eka Phumano e ka ba le ba ile ba fumana litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le lihlooho ho feta lefapheng le leng la indasteri ea bootsoa thahasello, Kopano ea mahala ea puo. Ho boleloa hore lithuto tse fumanoeng ke FSC li sebelisitsoe ho eena ho ithuta ka sethunya ka ba silafetse haholo 'me “Ho Thuisa ho Tloaelehileng” haholo khoebong scheme (e se e le hona joale e fuputsitsoeng ke FBI). Ho qhekella le hona ho entse litšehetso tse sa tšehetsoeng mabapi liphello tsa lithuto tsa hae le eena mekhoa ea ho ithuta. Bakeng sa litokomane tse ngata, bona: Na Nicole Prause o susumelitsoe ke Khoebo ea Bootsoa?


Ipolelle 5: Basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le khatello e fokolang haholoanyane ka tšebeliso ea bona ea bootsoa ho feta ho lumela hore Molimo ha a eo

TŠEPA: Hape, ho bontšitsoe hore mahlomola a amanang le ho shebella lifilimese tsa thobalano a amana haholo le litekanyetso tse tsitsitseng le histori ea bolumeli (Grubbs et al., 2014). Sena se tšehetsa mohlala oa lihlong oa sechabeng oa boitšoaro ba ho shebella lifilimi tsa botona le botšehali.

Mona teko ea Pheta ho Gola ea ho qhekella bokhoba ba bootsoa e oela hole le sepheo. Re tla etsa eng ka ho bonahala ho totobetse hore batho ba bolumeli ba tebileng ba na le khatello ea maikutlo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta batho ba sa lumeleng hore Molimo o teng? Ho fumana see ho thetsa mohlala oa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joang? Ha e joalo. Ho feta moo, boithuto bo boletsoeng bo ne bo sa amehe ka "mahlomola a amanang le ho shebella filimi ea thobalano."

Seo se boletse, lingoliloeng tse 'maloa tse buang ka lithuto tsa Joshua Grubbs ("lithuto tsa ho lemalla ho lemalla lithethefatsi") li lekile ho penta setšoantšo se khelosang haholo sa seo lithuto tsa hae tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi li seng li tlalehile le hore na liphetho tsena li bolelang. Ha a araba lingoloa tsena tse fosahetseng, YBOP e phatlalalitse tlhaloso ena e pharaletseng ea lipolelo tse entsoeng liphuputsong tsa ho lemalla ho lemalla lithethefatsi le lihloohong tse khelohileng tse amanang le tsona.

SEHLOOHO: Thuto e ncha (Fernandez le al., 2017) e ile ea lekoa le ho hlahlojoa CPUI-9, e leng lipotso tsa "ho lemoha ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" tse hlahisitsoeng ke Joshua Grubbs, mme ea fumana hore e ke ke ea lekola ka nepo "lithethefatsi tsa 'nete tsa bootsoa" or “Lemalla ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate” (Etsa Li-Pornography Tse Sebelisang Li-Inventory-9 Lipontšo Tse Bontšang ho Iketsetsa Maikutlo ka Sebele Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tse Inthaneteng li Sebelisa? Ho Hlahloba Karolo ea Boithaopo). E boetse e fumane hore 1/3 ea lipotso tsa CPUI-9 e lokela ho tlohelloa ho khutlisa sephetho se nepahetseng se amanang le "boitšoaro bo sa amoheleheng", "tumelo" le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." Liphuputso li hlahisa lipelaelo tse kholo mabapi le liqeto tse fumanoeng thutong efe kapa efe e sebelisitseng CPUI-9 kapa e itšetlehileng ka lithuto tse e sebelisitseng. Boholo ba matšoenyeho le nyatso ea boithuto bo bocha li tšoana le tse boletsoeng ho sena YBOP e nyatsa.

Grubbs et al., 2014 (Ho tlōla ho lemalla: Tumelo le Boitšoaro bo sa amoheloe e le baqapi ba ho lemalla ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa):

Ntho ea sebele ea thuto ena:

  1. Phuputso ena e ile ea hloleha ho tseba hore na ke mang ea neng a lemaletse lit soant so tsa bootsoa, ​​ka hona ha ho bohlokoa ho lekola mofuta oa litlolo tsa bootsoa.
  2. Ho fapana le polelo ea Reply to Gola e kaholimo, thuto ena e ne e sa amehe ka "mahlomola a amanang le ho shebella filimi ea thobalano.”Lentsoe“ mahlomola ”ha le eo ho sehlooho se ithutoang.
  3. Ho fapana le Karabo ho Gola le Grubbs et al., 2014 Qetellong, mokhoa o matla ka ho fetisisa oa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa e ne e hlile e le lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo, eseng bolumeli! Bona karolo ena e pharaletseng ka litafole tsa thuto, likamano, le seo thuto e hlileng e se fumaneng.
  4. Ha re senya lipotso tsa Grubbs tsa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa (CPUI-9), kamano lipakeng tsa "tumelo" le boits'oaro ba mantlha ba boits'oaro (lipotso tsa boiteko ba ho fihlella 4-6) ha e eo. Ka mantsoe a bonolo: bolumeli ha bo amane le letho ka letho sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate
  5. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, kamano e matla haholo e teng lipakeng tsa "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" le mekhoa e metle ea ho lemalla ho lemalla joalo ka ha ho lekantsoe ke lipotso tsa "Boiteko ba ho Fumana" 4-6. Ka mantsoe a bonolo: Ho lemalla bokhoba bo hlephisang boitšoaro ho amana haholo le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

The Reply to Gola, li-blogger joalo ka David Ley, esita le Grubbs ka boeena, ho bonahala ba leka ho theha meme ea hore lihlong tsa bolumeli ke sesosa "sa nnete" sa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa. Empa ha se 'nete hore lithuto tsa "ho lemalla ho lemalla" ke bopaki ba ntlha ena e tloaelehileng ea ho bua. Hape, tlhahlobo ena e pharaletseng ho etsa joalo “Ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ke lihlong feela ka lebaka la bolumeli" Kleima. Meme ea putlama ha re nahana hore:

  1. Ho hlajoa ke lihlong bolumeling ha ho bake liphetoho tsa boko tse tšoanang le ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho na le hona joale 41 lithuto tsa methapo ea pelo ho tlaleha ho fetoha ha boko bo amanang le lithethefatsi ho batho ba hlokang boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate / ba lemaletseng thobalano
  2. Lithuto tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi ha aa ka a sebelisa sehlabelo sa batho ba ratang bolumeli. Ho e-na le hoo, ke batho feela ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ba bolumeli kapa ba sa lumeleng) ba neng ba botsoa lipotso. Ho senyeha ha lipatlisiso ho tlaleha litekanyetso tse tlaase tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa batho ba bolumeli (ho ithuta 1, ho ithuta 2, ho ithuta 3, ho ithuta 4, ho ithuta 5, ho ithuta 6, ho ithuta 7, ho ithuta 8, ho ithuta 9, ho ithuta 10, ho ithuta 11, ho ithuta 12, ho ithuta 13, ho ithuta 14, ho ithuta 15, ho ithuta 16, ho ithuta 17, ho ithuta 18, ho ithuta 19, ho ithuta 20, ho ithuta 21, ho ithuta 22, ho ithuta 23, ho ithuta 24).
    • Sena se bolela sampole ea Grubbs ea "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e batla e le nyane mme e ke ke ea qojoa ho batho ba nang le maemo a seng a ntse a le teng kapa mathata a teng.
    • E boetse e bolela hore "tumelo" e etsa joalo eseng bolela esale pele ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Ho e-na le hoo, ho bonahala eka bolumeli bo teng e sireletsa ngoe ho tloha ho ntlafatsa lithethefatsi tse hlephileng tsa bootsoa
  3. Ba bangata ba batho ba sa lumeleng hore Molimo o teng ebile ba na le bothata bo bongata hlaolela lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa. Lithuto tse peli tsa 2016 ho banna ba neng ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa qetellong likhoeli tsa ho qetela tsa 6, kapa ho likhoeli tsa ho qetela tsa 3, li tlalehile ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang oa maemo a phahameng a ho sebelisa lipapali tsa bootsoa (28% bakeng sa lithuto tse peli).
  4. Ho ba molumeli ha ho bake ho se sebetse ho sa feleng ha erectile, libido e tlase le anorgasmia ho bahlankana ba phetseng hantle. Leha ho le joalo lithuto tse ngata ho kopanela liphate ho kopanela liphate le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano, le Litefiso tsa ED li na le likhahla tse ngata tse hlahisitsoeng ke 1000% ho banna ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 40 ho tloha ha "tube" ea "porn" e hapile tlhokomelo ea bashebelli ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tloha qetellong ea 2006.
  5. sena se Phuputso ea 2016 mabapi le batho ba batlang ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa a fumane hore bolumeli bo joalo ha ea ka ea kopana ka matšoao a fosahetseng kapa lintlha tse ngata mabapi le lipotso tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate. Sena Thuto ea 2016 mabapi le ho batla ho kopanela liphate ka bongaka fumanoa na le kamano e ntle pakeng tsa boikitlaetso ba bolumeli le mekhoa ea boipheliso ea boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate le liphello tse amanang le tsona.
  6. Lipatlisiso li bontša e le hore boholo ba lithethefatsi tsa bona tsa bootsoa bo eketseha, batho ba bolumeli ba atisa ho khutlela litloaelong tsa bolumeli, ho ea kerekeng hangata, le ho ba baithaopi e le mokhoa oa ho fumana boipheliso (nahana ka 12 Mehato). Sena feela se ka ikarabella bakeng sa kamano leha e le efe pakeng tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le botšepehi.

Ka kakaretso:

  • Taba ea ho araba ho Gola le thuto e le 'ngoe e boletsoeng ha e na letho le e nang le mohlala oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi.
  • Phuputso ea 2014 ea Grubbs ea "ho lemoha bokhoba ba tahi" e hlile e fumane bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bo ne bo amana haholo le bongata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse bonoang ho fapana le tumelo.
  • Ha ho na bopaki ba hore "lihlong" tsa bolumeli li baka liphetoho tse amanang le bokhoba, empa liphetoho tsena li fumanoe khafetsa ho mathata a basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
  • Ho na le bopaki bo bongata ba hore tumelo e hlile e sireletsa batho ts'ebelisong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mme ka hona ba lemalla ho kopanela liphate.
  • Mohlala oa Grubbs oa "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" ha o arohane, 'me ka hona o khelohela litekanyetsong tse phahameng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa litaba tsa mantlha.
  • Liphuputso tse peli tsa morao-rao li tlalehile hore ha ho na kamano pakeng tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho ba le tumelo ho banna ba batlang phekolo

update loi: lithuto tse peli tse ncha li khothaletsa pelo ea meme hore "tumelo e baka ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa":


KAROLO EA BOBELI: Pherekano ea Liphoso tse seng kae tse khethiloeng

Selelekela

Karolong ena re lekola lipolelo tse 'maloa tse sa tšehetsoeng le lipolelo tsa bohata tse hlahisitsoeng ke Reply to Gola. Ha e ntse e leka ho phephetsa Karabo ho Gola ka mohala, bofokoli ba eona bo boholo ke hore mabaka a eona a makatsang. Ba hloleha ho shebana le litaba tsa YBOP e nyatsa kapa litlhahlobo tse hlahlobisitsoeng ke lithaka tsa 9 Prause et al. 2015 (ho kenyeletsoa le Matuesz Gola's): Litlhaloso tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa Prause et al., 2015. Litsebi tsohle tsa 9 li lumellana le seo Prause et al., 2015 e hlile e fumane ts'oaetso kapa tloaelo, e lumellanang le mokhoa oa ho lemala. Kapa Prause ha e bue ka taba e totobetseng: Esita le haeba Prause et al. 2015 ba ne ba sa fumana cue-reactivity, ho na le lithuto tsa 21 tsa methapo ea pelo tse tlalehileng cue-reactivity kapa litakatso (sensitization) ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Boithuto ba ho tlaleha sensitization (cue-reactivity & cravings) ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ba lemaletseng thobalano: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24. Ka saense, ha u tsamaee le thuto e le 'ngoe e tsitsitseng - u tsamaea le ho senyeha ha bopaki.

Lipolelo tse latelang tsa Karabo ho Gola li amana le matšoenyeho a Mateusz Gola mabapi le Prause et al., 2015 mekhoa ea litsela. Likhoso tse 'maloa tse kholo ho sena le tse ling tse ling tsa lithuto tsa lipuo li tlohela liphello tsa lipatlisiso le likamano tse amanang le lipelaelo tse tebileng:

  1. Lihlooho li ne li sa hlahlojoa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa (lihlooho tse ka 'nang tsa araba feela potso e le' ngoe).
  2. Lipotso tse sebelisitsoeng ha lia ka tsa botsa ka ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ebile li ne li sa nepahala bakeng sa ho lekola "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa."
  3. Lihlooho li ne li le maemong a sa tšoaneng (banna, basali, bao e seng litho tsa botona kapa botšehali).
  4. Lihlooho ha lia ka tsa hlahlojoa bakeng sa maemo a ferekanyang a kelello, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, meriana ea psychotropic, lithethefatsi tse lemalloang lithethefatsi, meriana ea boitšoaro, kapa mathata a qobelloang (leha e le efe e le 'ngoe ea eona ke ho ikhethang).

Araba ho Ahlola: Prause et al., 2015 e sebelisitse mokhoa o "nepahetseng" oa ho thaotha le ho khetholla hore na ke lihlooho life tse lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le Voon et al., 2014 ha aa ka a etsa joalo.

Ha ho letho le ka fetolang 'neteng, joalo ka Prause et al. mekhoa ea metsoako e ile ea hlōleha maemong 'ohle, ha Voon et al. o sebelisitse mokhoa o hlokolosi oa ho hira, ho lekola le ho lekola lihlooho tsa "lithethefatsi tse lemalloang ke thobalano" (Litaba tsa Likamano tsa Thobalano tse Qobellang).

Ntho e nyenyane. Prause e bapisa karolelano Litemana tsa EEG tsa "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa" tse 55 ho karolelano Litemana tsa EEG tsa "batho bao e seng makhoba" ba 67 Leha ho le joalo bonnete ba Prause et al., 2015 e tla itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ka ho bapisa mekhoa ea ho sebelisa boko ba a sehlopha se of bootsoa bo hlephileng ho ea sehlopha se of bao e seng lithethefatsi. Bakeng sa liqoso tsa Prause tsa bohata le lihlooho tse belaetsang tse hlahisoang ke tsona li nepahetse, bohle ea lihlooho tsa Prause tsa 55 e tlameha ebe e ne e le makhoba a sebele a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Hase ba bang, eseng ba bangata, empa taba e 'ngoe le e' ngoe (joalo ka ba Voon). Lipontšo tsohle li supa palo e ntle ea bafo ba 55 ba Prause e seng ba lemalloang. Se qotsitsoeng ho Steele et al., 2013 e hlalosa ts'ebetso eohle ea ho khethoa le mekhoa ea ho ikhethoa e sebelisoang lithutong tsa Praetori ea 3 (Prause et al., 2013Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015):

"Merero ea mantlha e ne e hloka hore bakuli ba kalafo ea bokhoba ba thobalano ba kenngoe, empa Boto ea Setsi ea Tlhahlobo ea Setsi e hanela ho hiroa hona ka lebaka la hore ho pepesa baithaopi ba joalo ho VSS ho ka baka ts'oaetso hape. Sebakeng seo, barupeluoa ba ile ba hiroa ho tsoa sechabeng sa Pocatello, Idaho ka inthanete lipapatso tse kopa batho ba nang le mathata a laolang ho sheba ha bona litšoantšo tsa thobalano. "

Ho felile ke lehlohonolo. Mokhoa o le mong feela oa kenyelletso e ne e le ho araba e ho potso e le 'ngoe: "Na u na le mathata a laolang maikutlo a hau a litšoantšo tsa thobalano. ” Ea pele phoso e bonahalang e akarelletsa potso ea ho hlahloba e sebelisitsoeng, e leng feela e botang ka ho shebella thobalano litšoantšo, eseng ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba inthanete, haholo-holo livideo tsa phallo (e bonahalang eka ke mofuta oa litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse bakang matšoao a matla ka ho fetisisa).

Phoso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ke hore Lithapelo tsa Prause ha lia ka tsa shebella lithuto tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng ka ho sebelisa thobalano kapa lipotso tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate (joaloka Voon et al. e entse). Hape ho ne ho se na litaba tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng tse ileng tsa botsoa hore na tšebeliso ea litšoantšo e ama bophelo ba bona hampe, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ba ne ba nahana hore ba lemaletse litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso,e le Voon et al. e entse).

Etsa phoso, kapa Steele et al., 2013 kapa Prause et al., 2015 e hlalositse lihlooho tsena tse 55 e le makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Bafo ba ile ba lumela feela hore ba ikutloa ba "sithabetse" ka ts'ebeliso ea bona ea bootsoa. Ha a netefatsa ho fapana ha bafo ba hae, Prause o ile a lumela ho Puisano ea 2013 hore tse ling tsa litaba tsa 55 li ne li e-na le mathata a mangata feela (a bolelang hore e ne e le eseng ba lemaletseng boitšoaro bo bobe):

“Phuputso ena e ne e kenyelletsa feela batho ba tlalehang mathata, ho tloha ho e nyenyane haholo ho laola mathata a ba sithabetsang, ho laola tsela eo ba talimang litšusumetso tse bonahalang tsa ho kopanela liphate ka eona. ”

Ho eketsa ho hlōleha ho hlahloba lihlooho bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa, ​​litlhahlobo tsa 3 li ile tsa khetha ho hlokomoloha litloaelo tsa ho tlosoa ho tloaelehileng tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisetsoang lithuto tsa lithethefatsi ho thibela likhohlano. The Prause Studies ha ea ka ea etsa:

  • Lihlooho tsa lipapali bakeng sa maemo a kelello (ho tlosoa ka mokhoa o itekanetseng)
  • Lihlooho tsa lipapali bakeng sa lithethefatsi tse ling (ho tlosoa ka mokhoa o itekanetseng)
  • Botsa barupeluoa hore na ba sebelisa meriana ea psychotropic (hangata ho se lumelle)
  • Lihlooho tsa lihlooho tsa bao hona joale ba sebelisang lithethefatsi

Voon et al., 2014 e entse se boletsoeng ka holimo le tse ling tse ngata ho netefatsa hore li batlisisa feela batho ba nang le lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Leha ho le joalo Prause et al., 2015 e ile ea lumela hore e sebelitse Che mekhoa ea ho qoba ho ba le lihlooho:

"Ka ha bosodoma ha se kh'outo e kopantsoeng 'me re ne re thibetsoe ka kotloloho ho hira bakuli, ha ho meeli e ka sebelisoang ho khetholla basebelisi ba mathata"

Ho bonahala eka ponong ea Prause ho araba feela papatso ea potso e le 'ngoe ho fihletse litekanyetso tsa ho khetholla tsa Prause Study. Sena se re tlisa khathatsehong ea Matuesz Gola mabapi le bafo ba Prause hore e se makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​kaha ba ne ba shebile lihora tse 3.8 tsa bootsoa ka beke, ha bafo ba Voon ba ne ba nka lihora tsa 13.2 ka beke:

Mateusz Gola: "Ho loketse ho hlokomela hore ho Prause et al. (2015) basebelisi ba mathata ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka karolelano bakeng sa 3.8 h / beke ho batla ho tšoana le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Kühn le Gallinat (2014) ba jang ka karolelano 4.09 h / beke. Ho Voon et al. (2014) basebelisi ba se nang mathata ba tlalehile 1.75 h / beke le mathata a 13.21 h / beke (SD = 9.85) - data e hlahisitsoeng ke Voon nakong ea kopano ea American Psychological Science ka Mots'eanong 2015. ”

Lihora tsa tšebeliso ea bootsoa beke le beke bakeng sa thuto ka 'ngoe:

  • Voon et al: Lihora tsa 13.2 (kaofela e ne e le ba lemalloang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa)
  • Kuhn le Gallinat: Lihora tsa 4.1 (ha ho le ea mong ea neng a khetholloa hore ke motho ea lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate)
  • Prause et al: Lihora tse 3.8 (ha ho ea tsebang)

Gola o boetse a nahanisisa ka hore na bafo ba 55 ba Prause e ka ba makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ka sepheo sa "ho thetsa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa") ha ba shebelletse Nyane porn ho feta Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 bao e seng lithethefatsi. Ke joang lefats'e le ka khonang bohle ea bafo ba Prause e be "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ha ea mong ea Kühn le Gallinat Litaba ke makhoba a bootsoa? Leha ho le joalo li ngotsoe, lithuto li lokela ho bapisoa le lithuto tsohle pele o ka tseka hore o na le "bohata" patlisiso e hlolisang. Ena ke ts'ebetso ea mahlale a mantlha.

Joale, Prause & khamphani e ile ea sebetsana joang le masoba a mangata a likheo tsa ho hira le ho lekola bafo ba bona? Ka ho hlasela mokhoa o hlokolosi oa Voon et al., 2014! Ntlha ea pele, tlhaloso ea ts'ebetso ea ho hira, litekanyetso tsa ho hlahloba lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa, ​​le mekhoa ea ho qoba ho tsoa ho eona Voon et al., 2014 (hape bona Schmidt et al., 2016 & Banca et al., 2016):

“Lithuto tsa CSB li ile tsa hiroa ka lipapatso tse thehiloeng marang-rang le ho tsoa ho lingaka tse tsoang ho lingaka. HV ea banna ba tšoanang le lilemo li ile tsa hiroa ho tsoa lipapatsong tse thehiloeng sechabeng tikolohong ea East Anglia. Lihlooho tsohle tsa CSB li ile tsa botsoa lipotso ke ngaka ea mafu a kelello ho netefatsa hore li phethile litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea CSB (li fihletse litekanyetso tse reriloeng tsa ho hlahloba mafu a hypersexual [Kafka, 2010;; Reid et al., 2012] le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate [Carnes et al., 2007]), ho shebana le tšebeliso e qobelloang ea lisebelisoa tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng. Sena se ile sa hlahlojoa se sebelisa phetolelo e ntlafalitsoeng ea Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASES) [Mcgahuey et al., 2011], moo lipotso li ileng tsa arajoa ka tekanyo ea 1-8, e nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tse emelang ho holofala ho hoholo. Ka lebaka la hore na litlhaku tsa mofuta ona ke eng, lihlooho tsohle tsa CSB le HV li ne li le bashanyana ebile li kopanela liphate. Bohle ba HV ba ne ba lekana le lilemo (± 5) ba nang le lihlooho tsa CSB. Lihlooho li ile tsa boela tsa hlahlojoa hore li lumellane le tikoloho ea MRI joalokaha re entse nakong e fetileng [Banca et al., 2016;; Mechelmans et al., 2014;; Voon et al., 2014]. Mekhoa ea ho qoba ho kenyelletsoa e kenyeletsa ho ba tlas'a lilemo tsa 18, ho ba le histori ea SUD, ho ba motho ea tloaelehileng oa ho sebelisa lintho tse seng molaong (ho akarelletsa le kannabis), le ho ba le boloetse bo tebileng ba kelello, ho akarelletsa le ho tepella maikutlo ho tebileng ho tebileng kapa ho khathatseha ho feteletseng, kapa histori ea lefu la ho ferekana kelellong kapa schizophrenia (e hlahlobisitsoeng ho sebelisa Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory) [Sheehan et al., 1998]. Mekhoa e meng ea ho lemalla kapa ea boitšoaro e ne e boetse e le ea bohlokoa. Lihlooho li ile tsa hlahlojoa ke setsebi sa mafu a kelello mabapi le ho sebelisa lipapali tsa lipapali Inthaneteng kapa litabeng tsa sechaba, papali ea papali ea papali ea chelete kapa ho reka lintho tsa boikhathollo, bongoana kapa batho ba baholo ba hlokomolohang bothata ba ho kula, le ho tšoaroa ke lefu la ho itima lijo. Baithuti ba ile ba qeta PPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale [Whiteside le Lynam, 2001] ho hlahloba ho se tsotelle, le Beck Depression Inventory [Beck et al., 1961] ho hlahloba ho tepella maikutlong. Lihlooho tse peli tsa 23 CSB li ne li e-na le ho loantšana le mafu kapa li na le boloetse bo bakoang ke ho tšoenyeha ka ho tloaelehileng ha motho a le mong le boipheliso (N = 2) kapa phobia ea sechaba (N = 1) kapa nalane ea bongoana ea ADHD (N = 1). Ho ile ha fumanoa tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo, 'me thuto ea amoheloa ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Patlisiso ea Univesithi ea Cambridge. Bafo ba ne ba lefshoa ka ho nka karolo ha bona. ”

“Ho ile ha ithutoa banna ba leshome le metso e robong ba ratanang le banna ba bong bo fapaneng ba nang le CSB (ba lilemo li 25.61 (SD 4.77) le ba lilemo tse 19 (lilemo tse 23.17 (SD 5.38)) ba batona le ba batšehali ba se nang CSB (Lethathamo S2 ho Fanala S1). Lekhetlo le leng la 25 le tsofetseng le le leng (25.33 (SD 5.94) lilemo) baithaopi ba nang le thobalano ba bong bo fapaneng ba lekantse livideo. Lihlooho tsa CSB li tlalehile hore ka lebaka la tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lisebelisoa tse hlalosang thobalano, li ne li lahlehetsoe ke mesebetsi ka lebaka la ho sebetsa mosebetsing (N = 2), likamano tse haufi-ufi tse senyehileng kapa tse amme hampe mesebetsi e meng ea sechaba (N = 16), libido tse fokotsehileng kapa erectile e sebetsa ka ho khetheha kamanong ea bona le basali (le hoja e se kamanong le lintho tse hlalosang thobalano) (N = 11), e sebelisoang ka ho feteletseng (N = 3), ho na le maikutlo a ho ipolaea (N = 2) le ho sebelisa chelete e ngata (N = 3; ho tloha ho £ 7000 ho ea ho £ 15000). Lihlooho tse leshome li ne li e-na le kapa li fana ka tlhabollo bakeng sa boitšoaro ba bona. Baithuti bohle ba tlalehile ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali hammoho le ho shebella lintho tse hlalosang thobalano ka Inthaneteng. Lihlooho li boetse li tlalehile tšebeliso ea litšebeletso tsa ho felehetsa (N = 4) le cybersex (N = 5). Ka tlhahiso e fetohileng ea Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale [43], Lihlooho tsa CSB ha li bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle li bile le bothata bo tebileng ka ho tsosoa ha thobalano le ho ba le mathata a mangata a erectile likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse haufi empa e se liphatlalatso tse hlalosang thobalano (Letlapa la S3 ka Fanala S1). "

Karabo ea Gola e hlaselang ho hlasela Voon et al., 2014:

"Gola o hlokomela hore lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso ea lifilimi li bonahala li le tlase ho barupeluoa ba rona ho feta liphuputsong tse ling tse peli tsa ts'ebeliso ea mathata. Re supile sena pampiring ea rona (serapa se qalang "Sehlopha sa mathata se tlalehile haholoholo…"). Gola o re sampole ea rona ea basebelisi ba mathata e tlalehile lihora tse fokolang tsa ho shebella lifilimi tsa thobalano ho feta sampole ea bothata e tsoang ho Voon et al. (2014). Leha ho le joalo, Voon et al. e hiriloeng ka kotloloho bakeng sa bankakarolo ba lihlong tsa thobalano, ho kenyeletsoa lipapatso ho liwebosaete tse nang le lihlong mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea lifilimi tsa thobalano, banna ba "batlang kalafo" leha ba sebelisa "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba sa tsejoe ke DSM-5, le ka chelete e fanoang ke lenaneo la thelevisheneng joalo ka "likotsi" tsa "porn". Ba amohelang mabitso a ho lemalla lithethefatsi ba bontšitsoe ba na le nalane ea boits'oaro bo botle sechabeng le tumelo e phahameng (Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, & Carlisle, 2014). Ho ka etsahala hore Voon et al. (2014) sampole e tšoauoa ka lihlong tse phahameng tsa thobalano metseng ea inthanete e khothalletsang ho tlaleha tšebeliso e phahameng. Hape, tšebeliso ea "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e ile ea hlahlojoa nakong ea lipotso tse hlophisitsoeng, eseng lipotso tse botsitsoeng. Ka hona, li-psychometric le khethollo e totobetseng e teng lipuisanong tse hlophisitsoeng ha li tsejoe. Sena se etsa hore ho be thata ho bapisa mehato ea ts'ebeliso ea lifilimi tsa thobalano lipakeng tsa lithuto. Morero oa rona oa ho khetholla lihlopha o tsamaellana le mosebetsi o bontšitsoeng hohle o bonts'a bohlokoa ba tekanyetso ea khatello ea maikutlo mathateng a thobalano (Bancroft, Loftus, & Long, 2003). "

Sena ha se letho haese tepo ea lipolelo tsa bohata tse qhekelloang habonolo le likopo tse sa hlokahaleng tse reretsoeng ho khelosa mohopolo oa 'mali hole le ts'ebetso e haelloang ea tlhahlobo ea Prause. Re qala ka:

Khutla ho Gola: Leha ho le joalo, Voon et al. ka ho khetheha ba ngoliselitse barupeluoa litlhōlisanong tsa ho kopanela liphate, ho akarelletsa le lipapatso tsa li-websaete tse nang le lihlong tse mabapi le ho sebelisa lifilimi, "banna ba batlang kalafo" ho sa tsotellehe "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba sa tsejoeng ke DSM-5, 'me ka lithuso tsa thelevishene li entsoe e le "kotsi" ea "litšoantšo tse litšila".

Taba ea mantlha, Reply to Gola ha e fane ka bopaki bo tšehetsang polelo ea hore bankakarolo ba bile le "lihlong tse phahameng tsa thobalano" kapa ba thaothoa ho tsoa ho seo ho thoeng ke "liwebosaete tse hlabisang lihlong." Sena ha se letho ho feta mashano a se nang motheo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lithuto tsa Prause li ile tsa hira lihlooho tse tsoang Pocatello, Idaho tse fetang 50% Mormon. Ho ka etsahala hore bafo ba bolumeli ba Prause ba hlajoe ke lihlong kapa ba ikutloe ba le molato kamanong le ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho fapana le bafo ba Voon ba hiriloeng phatlalatsa UK.

Taba ea bobeli, barupeluoa ba bangata ba Voon ba ne ba ho batla kalafo ea ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa le ho fetisoa ke litsebi Ke mokhoa o fe o betere o teng oa ho netefatsa litaba tse lemalloang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Hoa makatsa hore ebe Karabo e eang ho Gola e ne e tla sheba taba ena e le mpe (eseng matla a ke keng a lekanngoa), ha Lithuto tsa Prause li batla ho li sebelisa feela "Ba batlang kalafo" ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate, empa ba haneloa ke boto ea tlhahlobo ea univesithi. E nkiloe thutong ea pele ea Prause EEG:

Steele et al., 2013: "Merero ea pele e bitsitsoeng ho bakuli ba kalafo ea ho lemalla thobalano ea ho ngolisoa, empa Boto ea Setsi ea Tlhahlobo ea Setsi e ile ea hanela ho hiroa hona ka lebaka la hore ho pepesa baithaopi ba joalo ho VSS ho ka baka ts'oaetso hape. ”

Ea boraro, Karabo ea Gola e ema ho leshano le totobetseng ka ho bolela joalo Voon et al. 2014 e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke "lenaneo la thelevishene". Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka ho hlaka ho Voon et al., 2014, boithuto bo tšehelitsoe ke "Tšepo ea Wellcome":

Voon et al., 2014: "Lithuso: Lithuso tse fanoang ke thuso ea Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship (093705 / Z / 10 / Z). Dr. Potenza o ne a tšehelitsoe ka karolo e 'ngoe ke lithuso tsa P20 DA027844 le R01 DA018647 ho tsoa Mekhatlo ea Naha ea Bophelo; Lefapha la Naha la Connecticut la Bophelo bo Botle ba kelello le Litšebeletso tsa Lithethefatsi; Setsi sa Bophelo sa Kelello sa Connecticut; le Setsi sa Bokhabane ho Khau ea Patlisiso ea Papali ea Chelete ho tsoa Setsing sa Naha sa Lipapali Tse Ikarabellang. Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo ho raliseng lithuto, ho bokelleng le ho sekasekeng lintlha, ho etsa qeto ea ho e phatlalatsa kapa ho e hlophisa. ”

Sena se lateloa ke lipolelo tse ling tsa bohata le tse khelosang. Ka mohlala, Karabo ho Gola e lahlela ka leshano le leng ka eona Voon et al. mekhoa ea ho hira / ho hlahloba:

Khutla ho Gola: Hape, "ho sebelisa" litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ile ha hlahlojoa nakong ea lipuisano tse hlophisitsoeng, eseng lipotso tsa lipotso.

Bohata. Ha u hlahloba litaba tse ka bang teng Voon et al., 2014 e sebelisitsoeng a mane lipotso tsa lipotso tse hlomamisitsoeng 'me o ile a sebelisa puisano e pharaletseng ea mafu a kelello. Lintlha tse latelang ke tlhaloso e khutšoanyane ea mokhoa oa ho hlahloba o nkiloeng Banca et al., 2016 (CSB ke Maiketsetso a Kopanetsoeng ka ho Kopanela Liphate):

Voon et al., 2014: Lihlooho tsa CSB li ne li le teng e hlahlobisitsoe ho sebelisa teko ea ho hlahloba thobalano ea inthanete (ISST; Delmonico le Miller, 2003) le lipotso tse ngata tse entsoeng ka lipatlisiso tse kenyeletsang lintho tse amanang le nako ea ho qala, palo, nako, boiteko ba ho laola mokhoa oa ho sebelisa, ho ithiba, mekhoa ea tšebeliso, phekolo le liphello tse mpe. Barupeluoa ba CSB ba ile ba buisana le setsebi sa mafu a kelello hore ba netefatse hore ba phethahatsa lisele tse peli tsa mekhoa ea ho hlahloba bakeng sa CSB (tlhahiso ea tlhahlobo ea Hypersexual Disorder; Carnes et al., 2001; Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012), e shebaneng le ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa thobalano inthaneteng. Mekhoa ena e hatisa ho hloleha ho khaola kapa ho laola boits'oaro ba thobalano, ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​leha ho na le mathata a kahisano, lichelete, kelello le thuto kapa mosebetsi oa matsoho. Tlhaloso e qaqileng ea matšoao a CSB a hlalositsoe ho Voon et al. (2014).

Hoa tšosa hore Karabo ho Gola e ne e ka iteta sefuba ho bapisa mokhoa oa ho lekola o neng o sa sebelisoe ho Prause Study (lihlooho li arabile papatso ea potso e le 'ngoe) ka lits'ebetso tse felletseng tsa ho lekola tse sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa Voon et al., 2014:

  1. Tekano ea ho hlahloba thobalano ea Inthanete, Delmonico le Miller, 2003
  2. Ho buisanoa ke setsebi sa mafu a kelello se ileng sa sebelisa litekanyetso tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho tloha lipotsong tsa lipotso tse sebelisoang haholo ka 3: Carnes et al., 2001; Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012)
  3. Lipotso tse entsoeng ka lipatlisiso tse kenyelletsoeng ho kenyeletsa lilemo tsa ho qala, makhetlo, nako, boiteko ba ho laola tšebeliso, ho itokolla, mekhoa ea tšebeliso, phekolo le liphello tse mpe.

Ka ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso ena e ne e le feela ho hlahloba ho netefatsa hore ho na le lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro; Voon et al. ha a ka a emisa moo. Lipotso tse ling tsa lipotso le lipuisano li kentse ba nang le maemo a kelello, lithethefatsi kapa boits'oaro, OCD kapa mathata a qobelloang, le ba hlekefetsang ba hona joale kapa ba nakong e fetileng. Bafuputsi ba lithuto tsa Prause ha baa ka ba etsa letho la sena.

Qetellong, karabo ea Reply to Gola e fetola tlhaloso e sa tšehetsoeng ea hore lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa hase feela ho hlajoa ke lihlong tsa bolumeli,

Khutla ho Gola: "Ba amohelang mabitso a ho lemalla lithethefatsi ba bontšitsoe ba na le nalane ea boits'oaro bo botle sechabeng le bolumeli bo phahameng (Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, & Carlisle, 2014)."

Tlhōlisano e boleloang pakeng tsa ho lemalla boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba bootsoa le bolumeli bo ne bo le teng e boletsoeng ka holimo 'me a hlokomoloha ka ho feletseng ho sena tlhahlobo e kholo ea Joshua Grubbs thepa.


Karabo ho Gola e senya phoso e tebileng ho Prause et al., 2015: Lintho tse sa amoheleheng tse sa amoheleheng

Litlhahlobo tsa lithuto tse phehisano tsa EEG tsa Nicole Prause (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) ba hlahisitse matšoenyeho a maholo ka "mefuta e fapaneng ea" litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "tse sebelisang lihlooho. Lithuto tsa EEG li ne li kenyelletsa banna le basali, batho ba bong bo fapaneng le bao e seng ba bong bo fapaneng, leha ho le joalo bafuputsi ba ba bontšitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tloaelehileng, mohlomong tse sa khahliseng. Taba ena ea bohlokoa, hobane e tlola mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa lithuto tsa bokhoba, moo bafuputsi ba khethang e lumellanang lithuto ho latela lilemo, tekano, boits'oaro, esita le li-IQ tse tšoanang (garena sehlopha se ts'oanang sa taolo) e le ho qoba ho sotha ho bakoang ke ho se tšoane ho joalo.

Ka mantsoe a mang, liphello tsa lithuto tsa 2 EEG li ne li itšetlehile ka taba ea hore banna, basali le batho ba sa ratanang le basali ha ba fapane le likarabo tsa bona tsa bokooa litšoantšong tsa thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, ho ithuta ka mor'a thuto ho tiisa hore banna le basali ba arabela haholo litabeng tsa thobalano kapa lifilimi. Gola o ne a tseba sena mme a bua ka phoso ena e bolaeang ka ho ngola:

Mateusz Gola: "Ho loketse ho hlokomela hore bangoli ba hlahisa litholoana bakeng sa barupeluoa le ba basali hammoho, ha lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontša hore litšoantšo tsa thobalano tsa tsosoa le valence li fapane ka mokhoa o hlollang pakeng tsa banna (bona: Wierzba et al., 2015). ”

Ka tsela e fokolang, Potso ho Gola e hlokomoloha tlou ena ka kamoreng: Banna le basali bokooa arabela ka ho fapaneng litšoantšong tsa thobalano. Ho e-na le hoo, Karabo ho Gola e re tsebisa hore banna le basali ba tsosoa ke litšoantšo tsa thobalano, le lintlha tse ling tse sa thabiseng:

"Gola o re lintlha tsa banna le basali ha lia lokela ho hlahisoa hammoho, hobane ha ba arabele ka mokhoa o ts'oanang oa thobalano. Ebile, litakatso tsa banna le basali bakeng sa tšusumetso ea thobalano li feta haholo (Janssen, Carpenter, & Graham, 2003). Joalokaha re hlalositse, litšoantšo li ne li lekoa ho lekanya ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano ho banna le basali. Litšoantšo "tsa thobalano" tse tsoang ho International Affective Picture System li ile tsa tlatsetsoa, ​​hobane li nkuoa e le tsa lerato eseng tsa thobalano ke banna le basali (Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Habohlokoa le ho feta, lipatlisiso li bonts'itse hore liphapang tsa likhahla tsa thobalano tse hlahisitsoeng ke bong li utloisisoa hamolemo ka lebaka la ho susumetsoa ke thobalano (Wehrum et al., 2013). Kaha takatso ea thobalano e ne e le moelelo oa thuto, ho ne ho sa nepahala ho arola litlaleho tse tsosang takatso ea thobalano ke pherekano e tsebahalang: bong. ”

Karabo e boletsoeng ka holimo ha e amane le ho nyatsuoa ha Mateusz Gola: Ha u sheba litšoantšo tse ts'oanang tsa bootsoa tsa banna le tsa basali li bontša mekhoa e fapaneng haholo ea boko (EEG) le mekhoa ea phallo ea mali (fMRI). Ka mohlala, sena Thuto ea EEG ba fumane hore basali ba na le lipalo tse phahameng haholo tsa EEG ho feta banna ha ba sheba litšoantšo tse tšoanang tsa thobalano. U ke ke ua kopanya lipalo tsa banna le basali tsa EEG, joalo ka ha lithuto tsa Prause li entse, 'me u qetelle u e-na le eng kapa eng e nang le moelelo. Hape u ke ke ua bapisa likarabo tsa boko ba sehlopha se tsoakaneng le likarabo tsa boko ba sehlopha se seng se tsoakaneng, joalo ka ha lithuto tsa Prause li entse.

Ho na le lebaka leo ka lona ho se nang letho la e phatlalalitse lithuto tsa kelello ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ntle le ba Prause) ba tsoakaneng ba batona le ba batšehali. Phuputso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea methapo ea kutlo e ne e kenyelletsa lihlooho tseo e neng e le bong bo tšoanang le maikutlo a tšoanang a thobalano. Ehlile, Prause ka boeena o boletse ho thuto ea pejana (2012) hore batho ba fapana haholo ha ba arabela litšoantšong tsa thobalano:

"Litlhahiso tsa lifilimi li kotsing ea ho se tšoane ka bomong ho latela likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lintho tse susumetsang (Rupp & Wallen, 2007), khetho bakeng sa litaba tse itseng (Janssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) kapa nalane ea bongaka e etsang likarolo tse ling tsa maikutlo a hlohlorisang ( Wouda et al., 1998). ”

"Leha ho le joalo, batho ka bomong ba tla fapana haholo litšoantšong tse bonts'ang takatso ea thobalano ho bona (Graham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

2013 Thuto ea ho rapela o itse:

"Lithuto tse ngata li sebelisa International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999) sebelisa likhopolo tse fapaneng ho banna le basali ka mohlala oa bona. "

Ho ka lebelloa mefuta e meholo e kholo ka lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa thobalano (banna, basali, bao e seng banna ba bong bo fapaneng), ho fana ka papiso le liqeto tsa mofuta o entsoeng Thutong ea Boipiletso e sa tšepahaleng.

Phuputso ea lithuto tse tiisang hore boko ba banna le ba basali bo arabela ka mokhoa o fapaneng haholo le setšoantšo se tšoanang sa thobalano:

Ka kakaretso, Lithuto tsa Prause li ile tsa ba le mefokolo e tebileng ea mekhoa e etsang hore ho belaelloe liphetho tsa lithuto le liqoso tsa bangoli mabapi le "ho thetsa" mofuta oa bokhoba ba thobalano:

  1. Lihlooho li ne li le teng ho sa tšoanehe (banna, basali, bao e seng litho tsa botona kapa botšehali)
  2. Lihlooho li ne li le teng ha ea hlahlojoa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, bothata ba kelello, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, kapa lithethefatsi le boitšoaro bo hlephileng
  3. Lipotso li ne li le teng ha e netefatsoe ka ho lemalla lithethefatsi kapa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa