Mokhatlo oa Porn Science Deniers Alliance (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" le "ScienceOfArousal.com")

helebondonporn

Lethathamo la litaba tse koahelang realyourbrainonporn.com:

Porn Science Deniers Alliance e etsa tlolo ea molao e seng molaong ea khoebo ea hau ea YouBrainOnPorn.com
Qetellong, Alliance (litsebi tsa RealYBOP) e sebetsa e le sehlopha se kopaneng sa merero
Litsebi tsa RealYBOP li ntse li lefisoa ke indasteri ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa xHamster ho bapatsa libaka tsa eona tsa marang-rang le ho kholisa basebelisi hore litlolo tsa bootsoa le ho lemalla thobalano ke litšōmo.
Ba fumana tsebiso e ngata, empa Porn Science Deniers Alliance e emela bonyenyane, leha e le boikutlo ba mantsoe, ba seng bakae ba nang le boteng bo fetisisang
Porn Science Deniers Alliance ha e tsamaee le mokhoa o sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa lefapheng la bongaka la ho hlahloba bongaka, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
Lingoloa tsa Alliance tse khaotsoeng haholo, hangata ha li na thuso, ha li emele sephetho sa lipatlisiso
Kakaretso ea maqephe a Alliance a kopaneng le Cher, a atisang ho belaelloa
Hoo e ka bang lipampiri tsohle tsa Alliance li ile tsa ngolloa lithutong tse fetileng tsa lingoloa tsa pele tsa Prause
U ke ke ua qhekella mohlala haeba u ke ke ua bolela mofuta ofe kapa ofe
Litho tse fapaneng tsa Porn Science Deniers Alliance li na le nalane ea ho bua hampe ka lithuto tsa bona le tsa ba bang
Ho hlahisa lipampiri tsa Alliance tse kopaneng le Cherry: disinformation, tlhahiso e fosahetseng, ho siea le mashano - Lihokela tsa tlhahlobo ea YBOP ea karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ea lipatlisiso tsa Deniers Alliance:

Bo-ralitaba ba Saense ea Bootsoa ho kenya letsoho khoebong e seng molaong ea tlolo ea molao ea YourBrainOnPorn.com

U tšoenyehile ka maikutlo a leeme, empa a ntse a tsebahala le ho feta, maikutlo a litsebi tsa thobalano le balekane ba bona? Molemong oa hau, sehlopha se seholo sa Porn Science Deniers joale "se iketselitse" e le sehlopha se ikhethileng. U ka ba fumana ba le setšoantšong se ikhohomosang mona ka har'a bubble ea bona ea mahlale - https://www.realyourbrainonporn.com/experts (Nicole PrauseE ETSOA KE: Marty Klein, Lynn Comella, David J. Ley, Emily F. Rothman, Samuel Perry, Taylor Kohut, William Fisher, Peter Finn, Janniko Georgiadis, Erick Janssen, Aleksandar Štulhofer, Joshua Grubbs, James Cantor, Michael Seto, Justin Lehmiller, Victoria Hartmann, Julia Velten, Roger Libby, Doug Braun -Harvey, David Hersh, Jennifer Valli).

Ba ikarabellang bakeng sa sebaka sena se secha (se ntse se sa tsejoe, empa hajoale ba se ba bitsoa "Litsebi") ba kopanela tlōlo ea molao e sa lumelloeng ke molao of YourBrainOnPorn.com. Sebaka sa marang-rang se secha se ile sa nka sebaka sa "litsebi" "sa pele" se bitsoang "Saense ea Arousal, ”URL e lebisang hape ho baeti sebakeng sa hajoale sa baikaketsi. Sebaka sena se secha se leka ho qhekella baeti ka bohareng ba leqephe ka leng ba phatlalatsa hore “Rea u amohela ho REAL Boko ba Hao ho Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa, ” ha tabo e phatlalatsa ka bohata "Boko ba Hao ka Litšoantšo."

Ho bapatsa sebaka sa bona se seng molaong, "litsebi" li thehile ak'haonte ea Twitter (https://twitter.com/BrainOnPorn), kanale YouTube, Facebook leqepheng la, 'me a phatlalatsa a tsebiso ea boralitaba. E le ho leka ho ferekanya sechaba, phatlalatso ea boralitaba e bua leshano e re e tsoa toropong ea habo Gary Wilson - Ashland, Oregon (ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tsona "Litsebi" phela Oregon, re se re sa re letho ka Ashland). Ahlola hore na Deniers e ntšetsa pele lithahasello tsa indasteri ea bootsoa kapa 'nete ea patlisiso ea mahlale ka ho e bala pokello ena ea litweets tsa RealYBOP. E ngotsoe ho Dr. Nicole Prause's mokhoa o khethollang o khelosang, li-tweets li senola melemo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, li sotha boemo ba hona joale ba lipatlisiso, le Batho ba mekhatlo le mekhatlo ea Prause e kile ea hlekefetsa.

Ntle le moo, "litsebi" li thehile ak'haonte ea Reddit (user / sciencearousal) ho spam porn tsosoloso liforomo Litlhaloso tsa bootsoa 'me NoFap / le litsamaiso tsa lipapatso, ho ipapisa le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha ho kotsi ebile ho senya YourBrainOnPorn.com le Gary Wilson. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore Science Denier Prause, eo pele e neng e le setsebi, o na le tlaleho e telele e ngotsoeng ea ho sebelisa mefuta e mengata ea lipapali bakeng sa ho khutlisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Maikutlo ka mokhoa oa hae oa ho utloisisa habonolo mo khothalletsa ho ithuta, tlhaselo khopolo ea ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa, nyatsa Wilson & YBOP, ho nyenyefatsa banna ho tsosolosa, 'me e senya ba nang le lipelaelo tsa bootsoa. Mohlala o mong oa ho bua hampe ka boemo ba lipatlisiso, ha a ntse a phahamisa morero oa indasteri ea bootsoa, Sho etsa joalo e tsebisa ar / setho sa bootsoa hore tšebeliso ea bootsoa e ntle ho 99% ea baahi:

Ka April 25th, ea Sciencearousal mosebedisi e hlahile ho Wikipedia, ho kenya lihokela le ho hlakola lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng mabapi le litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. (Ka la 17 Mmesa e 'ngoe ea li-alias tsa Sciencearousal e lekile ka mokhoa o ts'oanang: Sephetho sa Sehlooho sa Bobeli). Maqephe ana a 3 a ngotsoe tse fetang li-30 tse bonahalang tse sa lumelloeng ke li-sock ea Nicole Prause (e mong oa Porn Science Deniers), ea bōpiloeng ho kenya mashano le ho senya batho ka bomong le mekhatlo:Page 1, Page 2, Page 3, Page 4, Page 5. (Melao ea Wikipedia e hanela lipopae tse sock, empa li-posters tsa bootsoa li bonahala li itšireletsa melaong ea eona.)

YBOP e amohelehang, sebaka sena sa marang-rang, E eme ka lebitso la eona, lits'ebeletso le lisebelisoa mme e nka mehato ea ho sebetsana le liketso tse tlolang molao le tse hlokang toka tsa sebaka sa "Real Your Brain On Porn". Ka la 1 Mots'eanong, 2019 babuelli ba molao ba tloaelehileng ba mong'a matšoao a khoebo "Brain On Born" ea hao le "YourBrainOnPorn.com" (webosaete ena) o rometse lengolo la ho tlohela le ho tlohela mangolo ho bohle ba neng ba bonahala ba le ka mor'a setša se senyehileng (Ea "Litsebi"). Lintlafatso tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:

Phetoho (July, 2019): Liketso tsa molao li senotse hore Daniel A. Burgess ke eena mong'a hajoale oa realyourbrainonporn.com URL. Ka Hlakubele ea 2018, Daniel Burgess ha a na sebaka, a kenya letsoho ho hlekefetsoeng le ho nyenyefalitsoeng ha Gary Wilson le YBOP lipapaling tse ngata tsa sechaba. Tse ling tsa liqoso tse atileng tsa Burgess le li-rantings tse ferekaneng li ngotsoe fatše 'me li putiloe mona: Ho bua ka litlhaselo le litlhaselo tse sa tšehetsoeng ke Daniel Burgess (March, 2018) (Ka mokhoa o makatsang, Burgess ke motsoalle ea haufi oa Nicole Prause).
Nchafatso (Pherekhong, 2021): Gary Wilson joale o na le URL ea RealYBOP. Bona - TLHOKOMELISO: YBOP e fumana www.RealYourBrainOnPorn.com khoebong ea tlolo ea molao ea khoebo.

Qetellong, Alliance e sebetsa phatlalatsa e le sehlopha se kopanetsoeng

Kaha re ne re le moqoqong oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tloha pele ho 2011, ka sebele ha re batle ho khelosa, kapa hona ho tšaba, ho hanyetsa maikutlo. Empa re nahana hore ho loketse ho supa hore litho tse ngata tsa sehlopha sena se secha sa Porn Science Deniers li tsebahala haholo ho YBOP le batho ba bang ba nang le lipelaelo tsa bootsoa. Ba bang ba bona ke bangoli ba lithuto tsa ka ntle le li-parrot tse sa tšehetsoeng lipuisano tsa liindasteri tse sa tšehetsoeng, tse fumanoang ho khetholla (ho behoa?) lihlooho tse kholo tsa khatiso.

Tse ling tsa Deniers kamehla o khelosa baqolotsi ba litaba, basebetsi-'moho le bona, le baruti ba lihlooho tsa thuto mabapi le teka-tekano ea 'nete ea lipatlisiso tsa litšoantšo tsa li-internet Tsoela pele metswedi ya dikgang le ho lihlooho tse behiloeng ba khothalletsa pokello ea bona e nyane ea lipampiri tse entsoeng ka cherry, tse sa hlahisoang ka ntle, le / kapa e bua hampe ka maikutlo a nnete ea data ea bona. Etela leqepheng lena ho bona litlhaloso tsa bana ba bona ba bangata ba belaetsang.

Le hoja ba bangata ba batho ba koenehileng ba 'nile ba sebelisana kamehla mekhatlong ea sechaba kapa lihlopha tsa thuto kapa lihlooho tse ratoang, setho se seng le se seng sa Alliance se fihletse ho fihlela joale se ikemela se ikemetseng le se nang leeme sa' nete le saense. Leha ho le joalo, YBOP le ba bang ba bangata ba nang le lipelaelo tsa bootsoa ba 'nile ba tseba nako e telele hore litho tse fapaneng tsa sehlopha sena sa Deniers se ikemetseng ka ho feteletseng le ka mor'a liketsahalo, ho laola baqolotsi ba litaba, ho arolelana lintlha tsa ho bua, ho ngolla melaetsa e busang, esita le ho susumetsa mokhoa oa ho hlahloba lithaka ka litsela tse mpe (tsena Maqephe a 2 a fana ka litokomane tse ngata tsa boitšoaro bo boletsoeng: leqephe la 1, leqephe la 2).

Banyatsi ba babeli ba tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ba lentsoe le ba tsebahalang, Nicole Prause le David Ley, ba kentse letsoho ho pepesehileng, ho hlekefetsa le ho sebelisa marang-rang, ho lebisa lihlopha le batho ba lumelang, ho latela bopaki ba sepheo, hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa kajeno li kanna tsa baka mathata a maholo ho ba bang basebelisi. Ke tse fokolang tsa liphofu tsa bona tse tsebang nalane e telele ea Prause le Ley ea boits'oaro bo bobe le tšenyo e mpe ea boitšoaro. Maqephe a latelang a tlaleha liketsahalo tse likete lilemong tse ngata.

Ho bonahala eka Prause ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho webosaeteng e leeme ea Alliance le liakhaonteng tse amanang le litaba tsa sechaba, joalo ka:

Litaba, lithuto le tlhaloso ea setša sa molao le seipone sa tweets Sefate sa pele likotoana tsa leshano 'me melaetsa ea litaba tsa sechaba. Ho makatsang ke hore PornHub e bile eena oa pele oa ho pheta-pheta molaetsa o mocha oa tweet ea Twitter, leha akhaonto e ncha ea Twitter e ne e sena balateli. PornHub e tsebile joang ka ho qaleha ha eona?
Tlhaloso ea khatiso, sebaka le lipapali tse amanang le litlaleho tsa liphatlalatso tsa litaba tsa sechaba tsa sechaba Gary Wilson (ka ho feteletseng kapa ka sekhukhu), 'me Phumiso e bile ho hlokofatsa Wilson ka mokhoa o feteletseng ka lilemo tse fetang 7.
Sena se bonahala e le Pteko ea bobeli ea ruse ea ho theha sebaka sa marang-rang se tsamaisoang ke ajenda. Ho 2016, ho bonahala eka Prause e thehile lebitso la mosebelisi le bitsoang "PornHelps," le neng le na le ak'haonte ea lona ea Twitter (@pornhelps) le sebaka sa marang-rang (se nang le seboka seo ho seng motho ea kileng a se sebelisa) se khothalletsang indasteri ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hammoho le lithuto tsa pejana tse tlalehang "litlamorao" tsa bootsoa. "PornHelps" e lula e beha batho le mekhatlo e ts'oanang eo Prause le eona e hlaselang khafetsa. Ebile, ka linako tse ling Prause e ne e kopana le "PornHelps" tsa hae tse hlakileng ho hlasela batho ka bomong ho Twitter le libakeng tse ling ka tatellano. Bakeng sa litokomane, bona Na Nicole Prause o ne a "Hlakola" Joang? (PornHelps websaeteng, @pornhelps ka Twitter, maikutlo tlas'a lihlooho). Litlaleho tsohle li ile tsa tlosoa hang ha Puseletso e hlahisoa e le "PornHelps."

Litsebi tsa RealYBOP ba ntse ba lefisoa ke indasteri ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa xHamster ho bapatsa libaka tsa eona tsa marang-rang le ho kholisa basebelisi hore litlolo tsa bootsoa le ho lemalla thobalano ke litšōmo.

Ho tloha ka Phupu, 2019 tse tharo tse tsebahalang haholo Litsebi tsa RealYBOP”Ba sebelisana pepeneneng le indasteri ea bootsoa: David Ley, Justin Lehmiller le Chris Donaghue. Bohle ba 3 ba ho boto ea likeletso oa ngoana e mocha Alliance Health Health Alliance (SHA). Khohlanong e hlakileng ea lichelete, David Ley le SHA ba joalo ho buselitsoe ke indasteri ea porno xxamster ho khothaletsa liwebosaete tsa eona (ie StripChat) le ho kholisa basebelisi hore bokhoba ba bootsoa le bokhoba ba thobalano ke litšōmo! Bona "Stripchat e hokahanya le Health Health Alliance ho otla kelello ea hau e nang le ts'oaetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. "

Leetong la moroetsana oa xHamster / SHA Ley o tla bolella bareki ba xHamster Seo "lithuto tsa bongaka li se bolelang ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, camming le litaba tsa thobalano":

Na Ley o tla bolella bareki ba xHamster hore thuto e ngoe le e ngoe e kileng ea phatlalatsoa ho ba batona (ka 65) e hokahanya ts'ebeliso e mpe ea thobalano le khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano le kamano? Na Ley o tla ba joetsa hore kaofela 55 lithuto tsa methapo ea pelo ho batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kapa batho ba lemaletseng thobalano ba tlaleha liphetoho tse entsoeng ka bokhabane ba lithethefatsi? O tla tsebisa bamameli ba hae hore 50% ea basebelisi ba porno Tlaleha e ntse e eketseha ea lintho tseo ba li fumaneng li sa natefeloe kapa li nyonyeha? Ka tsela e itseng kea e belaela.

Ka tweet ea bona ea papatso re ts'episitsoe hore re tla fepela litsebi tsa kelello tsa SHA ho kokobetsa "letsoalo la bootsoa" le "lihlong" (Ley le "litsebi" tse ling tsa SHA ke lilemo tse bobebe ho ba litsebi tsa boko).

The semmuso akhaonto ea Twitter ea StripChat e senola lebaka la 'nete la ho lefa "Litsebi" tsa SHA: ho kokobetsa matšoenyeho a bona ho thibela tahlehelo ea bareki ba lefang. SHA e tla etsa sena ka "ho bua ka lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao ka tsa thobalano, ho ts'oarana ka maikutlo le ho lemalla," ke hore, ba khetha mosebetsi o etsoang ke bafuputsi ba bona. Lisa Ley / SHA Bolela hore lithuto tse makholo li hokahanya ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka tse ling tse mpe?

In Sehloohong sena, Ley o tebela khothatso ea hae e lefelletseng ea indasteri ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:

Ke 'nete, litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano tse sebelisanang ka kotloloho le li-forum tsa porno tsa khoebo li tobana le mathata a ka bang teng, haholo bakeng sa ba ratang ho itlhahisa ba sa hloname ka ho felletseng. Ley, eo lenane la hae le sebetsang le ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, o re: "Ke lebelletse ka botlalo [babuelli ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa] hore ba tle ba hooe kaofela, 'Joale bona, David Ley o sebeletsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.' Lebitso le lula le boleloa khafetsa ka nyeliso bathong ba khahlano le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali joaloka NoFap.

Empa le haeba mosebetsi oa hae le Stripchat ntle ho pelaelo o tla fa mang kapa mang ea labalabelang ho mo ngolla a le leeme kapa ka pokothong ea kamohelong ea bootsoa, bakeng sa Ley, hore khoebo eo e lokela. O re: "Haeba re batla ho thusa [batho ba nang le bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso], re tlameha ho ea ho bona. "Sena ke ka tsela eo re etsang seo ka eona."

E khahloa? David Ley, Justin Lehmiller le Chris Donaghue ba re hopotsa lingaka tse tummeng tsa koae, mme Mokhatlo oa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano o re hopotsa Setsi sa koae.

Ba fumana tsebiso e ngata, empa Porn Science Deniers Alliance e emela bonyenyane, leha e le boikutlo ba mantsoe, ba seng bakae ba nang le boteng bo fetisisang

Litsebi tsa RealYBOP: Nicole Prause, Marty Klein, Lynn Comella, David J. Ley, Emily F. Rothman, Samuel Perry, Taylor Kohut, William Fisher, Peter Finn, Janniko Georgiadis, Erick Janssen, Aleksandar Štulhofer, Joshua Grubbs, James Cantor, Michael Seto, Justin Lehmiller, Victoria Hartmann, Julia Velten, Roger Libby, Doug Braun-Harvey, David Hersh, Jennifer Valli.

Ho sa tsotelehe phatlalatso, mokha ona oa li-sexologists le li-chums tsa bona (le mosebetsi oa bona) ha o emele ho senyeha ha bopaki bo loketseng, kapa maikutlo a ho nyenyefatsa ha bafuputsi ba etsang lipatlisiso ka litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa kajeno. Ebile, litho tse ling tsa Porn Science Deniers Alliance khafetsa hanela ho senyeha ha bopaki;; e totobatsa ka ho teba litlhoko tsa bona.

Ha ba hlahlojoa ka hloko, hoo e ka bang halofo ea "litsebi" tse 25 har'a Alliance ha se barutehi kaha ha ba hiroe ke univesithi efe kapa efe. Habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, ha ho le ea mong oa "litsebi" tse thathamisitsoeng ea kileng a phatlalatsa thuto ea methapo sehlopheng sa batho ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho Kopanela Liphate lihlooho).

(Mohlomong u ntse u nahana, "Ema ... ha Nicole Prause a phatlalalitse thuto ea boko sehlopheng sa lithuto tse khethiloeng ka ho hlaka e le makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, kapa batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng, kapa ntho e ts'oanang?" e bolokiloe hantle, empa che, ha aa ka ae etsa.)

Ipotse: ke hobane'ng ha bafuputsi ba ngotseng lithuto tsena tsa 45 tsa kelello ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lihlooho tsa CSBD hloloheloa lethathamong lee la "litsebi" tsa lipatlisiso?

**Porn Science Deniers Alliance ha e tsamaee le boitsebiso bo bongata bo sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa lefapheng la bongaka, Selemo sa Machaba sa Mafu (ICD-11)**

Litho tsa Deniers hangata ha e hlahise mokhoa o mocha oa ho hlahlojoa ICD-11 ea WHO, e loketseng ho hlahloba seo batho ba bangata ba se bitsang "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." Ipalle eona:

Litsebi tsa ICD-11 li ile tsa beha ka mokhoa ona Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho Kopanela Liphate (CSBD) sehlopheng se bitsoang Impulse Control Disorder, empa seo ha se hobane ba se entse qeto ha se bokhoba, joalo ka ha boholo ba litho tsa Alliance bo ka lumela. Ebile, ICD-11 e ne e ntse e sa lumellane ka bo bona (ka lebaka la lipolotiking tšimong ena e senyehileng), ka hona ba letetse bopaki bo bongata pele ba etsa qeto ka ho aroloa ha lihlopha tsa ho qetela. Ho ea ka 'muelli oa bona oa molao, Christian Lindmeier, ICD-11 e nkile Che boemo ba ho lemalla. "[ICD-11] ha e sebelise lentsoe lena ho lemalla thobalano hobane ha re nke boemo ba hore na ke physiologically e lemalla kapa che. "

Kahoo litsebi tsa ICD-11 li ile tsa hlahisa taba ena nakong e tlang bakeng sa ba bang hore ba sebetsane le ha ho ntse ho etsoa lipatlisiso tse ling hape. Empa bonyane ba ile ba elelloa a ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa bothata khabareng. Sena se tla thibela limakasine tsa thuto ho tsoela pele ho hana lingoloa tse buang ka litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "hobane ha ho na bothata bo teng."

Babali ba lokela ho tseba hape hore "Impulse Control Disorder" ke karolo eo ho eona litsebi tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu li kileng tsa beoa hantle Mathata a ho becha ho fihlela bopaki bo matla bo felisa phehisano (le ho tima ho hanyetsa), kahoo e ka aroloa e le lefu la ho lemala. Buka ea ho hlahloba DSM-5 e bile buka ea pele ea ho hlahloba boela u fumane sebaka sa ho bapala papali ea chelete ho sehlopha sa eona sa meriana. ICD-11 e ncha e arolelana le bothata ba papali ea chelete e le ka bobeli an Tšitiso ea ho Laola Mosi 'me a Mathata ka Lebaka la Boitšoaro bo Ikhethang, ka ho amohela kamoo lithethefatsi le mathata a ho laola maikutlo a fetang kateng. Na qetello e tšoanang e letetse CSBD?

Hape hlokomela hore bo-rasaense ba sa tšoaneng ba ileng ba sebeletsa komiting ea ICD-11 e re fileng CSBD ba na le lihlooho tsa litaba tse hlalosang hore li lumela hore ho na le bopaki bo lekaneng se a ntse a ho boela ho arola lihlopha (kapa ka nako e le 'ngoe) ho qobella ho kopanela liphate ho ba le bothata ba ho lemalla, kaha, ho litsebi tsena, ho bonahala Hape joalo ka bokhoba ba ho lemalla joala ho feta bothata ba ho laola maikutlo. Ka mokhoa ona, mona ke tse ling tsa lefats'e bafuputsi ba ka sehloohong ba CSBD / lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa ho ngolla koranta e hlahlobelitsoeng ke lithaka:

Ka tshohanyetso, hoo e ka bang tsohle phuputso ea morao tjena ka CSBD ke ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo. Sena ke ho etsa lipatlisiso tse lebisang ho borasaense ba etelletseng pele ba sebeletsang komiting ea CSBD ea ICD-11 ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea CSBD bukeng e ncha ea ho hlahloba. Haele hantle, ho feta 80% ea bohle ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. E ka ba bothoto ho mang kapa mang oa Deniers ho fana ka maikutlo a hore CSBD ha e reretsoe ho fumana batho ba nang le "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa." Empa ba bang ba etsa joalo.

Hlokomela Selekane sa Litaba tsa Litaba tsa Saense ea Litaba. Ipotse, “Na selekane see se teng ho susumetsa maikutlo a sechaba 'me "Tiisa" pono ea pro-porn? ” Haeba Big Porn (e etsa limilione tsa lekeno la papatso ho tsoa mejaro ea maqephe a baeti) le Big Pharma (ho bapatsa lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang tsa thobalano ho limilione tsa bahlankana ka lekhetlo la pele nalaneng) eseng ho leka ho susumetsa maikutlo a motho e mong le e mong litšoantšong tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete kajeno ho sireletsa phaello ea bona… mohlomong ke bona feela liindasteri tse limilione tse likete tse ha li joalo sebelisa maqiti a joalo.

Lingoloa tsa Alliance tse khaotsoeng haholo, hangata ha li na thuso, ha li emele sephetho sa lipatlisiso

Na u moqolotsi oa litaba? Phonyoha bubble ea saense ea Porn Science Deniers Alliance, 'me u batle maikutlo a bangoli ba lipampiri tse ngata ho e-na le hoo. Hlokomela: Ho fapana le Alliance, YBOP e fana ka likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa thuto ka 'ngoe e thathamisitsoeng. Lethathamo la Alliance le fana feela ka tlhaloso ea bona e leeme, hangata e siea lintlha tsa bohlokoa kapa liphetho.

1) Ho lemalla takatso ea thobalano / thobalano? Leqephe lena le thathamisa Liphuputso tse thehiloeng ho 55 tse fanang ka maikutlo a kelello (MRI, fMRI, EEG, lefu la methapo ea pelo, li-hormone). Li fana ka ts'ehetso e matla bakeng sa mehlala ea lithethefatsi ha lipatlisiso tsa bona li bonahatsa liphuputso tsa methapo e tlalehiloeng lithutong tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Ho nyenyefatsa ntlha e sa tšehetsoeng e reng "takatso ea ho kopanela liphate e phahameng" e hlalositse boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate kapa ho lemalla thobalano: Liphuputso tse fetang 25 li thetsa taba ea hore batho ba kopanelang liphate le batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate "ba na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano"

2) Ke litsebi tsa sebele tsa maikutlo mabapi le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho kopanela liphate? Lethathamo lena le na le Lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa lingoliloeng tsa 30 le litlhaloso ke tse ling tsa litsebi tsa mantlha tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ts'ehetso eohle ea mohlala oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi

3) Lipontšo tsa ho lemala le ho eketseha ho lintho tse feteletseng? Ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 60 liphuputso tsa tlaleho li lumellana le ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho mamella), tloaelo ea bootsoa, esita le matšoao a ho tlohela (matšoao le matšoao a amanang le ho lemala).

4) Matšoao a thobalano le mathata a thobalano? Lethathamo lena le na le lipatlisiso tse fetang 40 tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa litabeng tsa thobalano le ho fokotsa ho tsosoa takatso ea thobalano. The Liphuputso tsa pele tsa 7 lenaneong li bontša ho baka, kaha barupeluoa ba ile ba tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba phekola likotsi tse sa feleng tsa thobalano.

5) Litla-morao tsa litšoantšo tsa litabeng tsa likamano? Lipatlisiso tsa 80 li amahanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho sebelisa thobalano e nyenyane le khotsofalo ea kamano. Ho ea kamoo re tsebang kateng bohle lithuto tse amanang le banna li tlalehile tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tse amanang le eona ea futsanehile ho khotsofala ka thobalano kapa kamano.

6) Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo e ama bophelo ba maikutlo le kelellong? Liphuputso tse fetang 85 li hokahanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bophelo bo futsanehileng ba kelello le maikutlo le litlamorao tse mpe tsa kelello. Na lithuto tsohle hase correlative? Nope: Liphuputso tse fetang 75 tse fanang ka maikutlo a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo ho baka liphello tse mpe le matšoao, 'me boko bo fetoha.

7) Ho sebelisa litšoantšo ho ama litumelo, maikutlo le boitšoaro? Hlahloba lithuto tsena - ho feta 40 ho kopanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho "maikutlo a sa lokelang" ho basali le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate - kapa kakaretso ea lipatlisiso tsa 135 ho tloha tlhahlobisong ena ea 2016: Mecha ea phatlalatso le ho kopanela liphate: Puso ea Boipheliso ba Puso, 1995-2015. Tlhaloso:

Sepheo sa tlhahlobo ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa ho kopanela liphate mecheng ea litaba. Sepheo se ne se lebisitsoe ho lipatlisiso tse hatisitsoeng litabeng tsa lipuo tsa Senyesemane pakeng tsa 1995 le 2015. Kakaretso ea lingoliloeng tsa 109 tse nang le lithuto tsa 135 li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Liphuputso tsena li fane ka bopaki bo tsitsitseng ba hore bohlahlobi ba laboratori le kakaretso ea letsatsi le leng le le leng ho tse kenyelletsoeng letsatsi le leng le le leng li amana ka ho toba le liphello tse ngata, ho kenyelletsa le maemo a phahameng a ho se khotsofale ha 'mele, ho ikemela ho hoholo, tšehetso e kholo ea litumelo tsa thobalano le litumelo tsa thobalano, mamello e kholo ea thobalano ho basali. Ho feta moo, tlhahiso ea liteko ho tsena li lebisa basali le banna ho ba le maikutlo a fokolang a bokhoni ba basali, boitšoaro le botho.

8) Ho thoe'ng ka tlhekefetso ea thobalano le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Tlhahlobo e 'ngoe ea litlhahlobo: Tlhahlobo ea Litšoantšo tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le 'Nete Liketso Tsa Liketso Tsa Botona le Botšehali ho Lipatlisiso ka Kakaretso Tsa Batho (2015). Tlhaloso:

Lipatlisiso tsa 22 tse tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng tsa 7 li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Tšebeliso e ne e amahanngoa le tlhekefetso ea thobalano United States le linaheng tse ling, har'a banna le basali, le liphuputsong tse arohaneng le ka nako e telele. Mekhatlo e ne e le matla haholo bakeng sa mantsoe ho feta thobalano ea thobalano, le hoja ka bobeli e ne e le ea bohlokoa. Phello ea kakaretso e fana ka maikutlo a hore litaba tse mabifi li ka 'na tsa e-ba matla haholo.

"Empa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha li sebelise ho fokotsa lipalo tsa ho betoa?Tlhōlisano ea lits'oaetso e ntse e eketseha, ka hona, hlokomoloha liphatlalatso tsa bootsoa bo hlephisang boitšoaro. "

9) Ho thoe'ng ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bacha? Sheba lenane lena la ka lipatlisiso tsa bocha ba 280, kapa litlhahlobo tsena tsa lingoliloeng: tlhahlobo ea # 1, hlahloba2, tlhahlobo ea # 3, tlhahlobo ea # 4, tlhahlobo ea # 5, tlhahlobo ea # 6, tlhahlobo ea # 7, tlhahlobo ea # 8, tlhahlobo ea # 9, tlhahlobo ea # 10, tlhahlobo ea # 11, tlhahlobo ea # 12, tlhahlobo ea # 13, tlhahlobo ea # 14, tlhahlobo ea # 15. Ho tloha qetellong ea tlhahlobo ena ea 2012 ea lipatlisiso - Tšusumetso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng ho Bacha: Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso:

Ho kena ha Inthanete ho eketsehileng ke bacha ho entse menyetla e sa lebelloang bakeng sa thuto ea thobalano, thuto le kholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, kotsi ea ho ntša kotsi e hlakileng libukeng e entse hore bafuputsi ba batlisise bacha ba shebaneng le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea lipapali Inthaneteng ho leka ho lemoha likamano tsena. Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tsena li bontša hore bacha ba jang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e ka hlahisa litumelo le litumelo tse sa utloahaleng tsa thobalano. Har'a tse fumanoeng, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa maikutlo a lumellang thobalano, ho ameha ka thobalano, le liteko tsa pele tsa thobalano li tsamaellana le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa…. Leha ho le joalo, ho fumanoe liphetho tse sa fetoheng tse hokahanyang ts'ebeliso ea bocha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse bonts'ang pefo e nang le boits'oaro bo matla ba thobalano.
Lingolo li bontša kamano e teng lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea bacha ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boitlhahlobo. Banana ba tlaleha ba ikutloa ba le betere ho feta basali bao ba ba bonang linthong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, athe bashemane ba tšaba hore e kanna eaba ha ba sa le betere kapa ba khona ho etsa joaloka banna ba mecha ea litaba. Bacha ba boetse ba tlaleha hore ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fokotsehile ha boits'epo ba bona le nts'etsopele ea sechaba li eketseha. Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso li fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, haholo-holo tse fumanehang inthaneteng, ba na le litekanyo tse tlase tsa khokahano ea sechaba, keketseho ea mathata a boits'oaro, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa boits'oaro, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa matšoao a sithabetsang, le ho fokotsa tlamahano ea maikutlo le bahlokomeli.

Kakaretso ea maqephe a Alliance a kopaneng le Cher, a atisang ho belaelloa

Ho hlahlobisisoa ha lenane la lithuto tsa Alliance ho senola ho khethoa ha ciliegia, leeme, ho se lumellane ho hobe le thetso.

First, halofo ea lipampiri tse thathamisitsoeng e ngotsoe ke Deniers. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore lithuto tsa Deniers tse ratoang ke Prause, Kohut, Fisher kapa Štulhofer ha ho bonahale eka li fumana litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ha e le hantle, litlamorao li kanna tsa hlalosoa ho tsoa boitsebisong ba bona, joalo ka ha re tla bona ka tlase). Lithuto tsena tsa Deniers ha li tsamaellane le ho putlama ha lipatlisiso lebaleng. Mohlala, Taylor Kohut's Tlhahlobo ea 2017 e sa lekanyang likamano le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo e ipolela hore e fumane litlamorao tse fokolang. Pampiri e entsoeng ka boqhetseke ea Kohut e hanana le boithuto bo bong le bo bong bo kileng ba phatlalatsoa ho banna: Liphuputso tse fetang 70 li hokahanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano le kamano, ka lithuto tsohle tse amanang le banna ba tlaleha hore tšebeliso e meng ea litšoantšo e kopantsoe le ea futsanehile ho khotsofala ka thobalano kapa kamano.

ea bobeli, lethathamong lena ha le felle feela hore ho na le bopaki bo bongata ba bopaki, empa hape bo tlosa mosebetsi oa setsebi se seng le se seng sa thuto ea litsebi tsa thuto ea litsebi se hlophisitseng lipatlisiso tsa ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa tsa CSBD. Tsena li kenyelletsa Marc Potenza, Matthias Brand, Valerie Voon, Christian Laier, Simone Kühn, Jürgen Gallinat, Rudolf Stark, Tim Klucken, Ji-Woo Seok, Jin-Hun Sohn, Mateusz Gola le ba bang ba bangata. E le mohlala o le mong, hobaneng lithuto tsa Matthias Brand li tlositsoe lenaneng la Alliance? Brand e ngotse Liphuputso tsa 310, ke hlooho ea Lefapha la Psychology: Temoho, Univesithing ea Duisburg-Essen, e hlokometse lab e nang le bafuputsi ba fetang 20, 'me e phatlalalitse lithuto tse ling tse nang le maikutlo a kelello litabeng tsa bootsoa / basebeletsi ho feta mofuputsi leha e le ofe lefatšeng. (Sheba lethathamong la lithuto tsa hae tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi mona: Liphuputso tsa 20 tsa kelello le litlhahlobo tsa 5 tsa lingoliloeng.)

Ntlha ea boraro, lipampiri tse ngata tse thathamisitsoeng ke Alliance ke likarolo feela tsa maikutlo, eseng lithuto tsa sebele. Bua ka citation inflation! (Tlhokomeliso: Ho fapana le lipolelo tsa sebaka sa Alliance, sena websaeteng ha se thathamise feela, empa hangata e na le likarolo litlhahlobo tse nahanang, tsa bona tsa sebele ho etsa lipatlisiso.)

bone, lethathamo lena ha le na litlhaloso tsa lingoliloeng le tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe feela ea meta, e itšetlehileng ka lipatlisiso tsa 21 tse hlahlobang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa batho ba baholo ba ho kopanela liphate: "Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le kamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho kopanela liphate ho soabisang banna: Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng.”Le ha tlhahlobo ena ea meta e phethela tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha e amane le tlhekefetso ea batho ba baholo ea thobalano ho na le lebaka le letle la ho belaella seo e se fumaneng. Mohlala, bangoli ba fumane lithuto tse 189, empa ba kentse ba 21 feela tlhahlobisong ea bona. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, lithuto tse ngata tse nang le liphetho tse hanyetsanang ba ne ba qheletsoe ka thoko.

Ho ba sieo ha litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng le litlhahlobo tsa meta lenaneng la Alliance ke mpho e shoeleng eo lithuto tsa likhetho tsa likhetho tsa Alliance (hangata e leng tsa bona). Le ha boholo ba mekhahlelo e makatsang ea Alliance e sa iketsetse tlhaiso-leseling ea lingoliloeng kapa tlhaiso-leseling, ba seng bakae ba kanna ba re: "Lerato le kamano e haufi" kapa "Bacha." Hobaneng o sa fe 'mali e' ngoe ea litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le "Bacha" (bacha), joalo ka: tlhahlobo ea # 1, hlahloba2, tlhahlobo ea # 3, tlhahlobo ea # 4, tlhahlobo ea # 5, tlhahlobo ea # 6, tlhahlobo ea # 7, tlhahlobo ea # 8, tlhahlobo ea # 9, tlhahlobo ea # 10, tlhahlobo ea # 11, tlhahlobo ea # 12? Hobaneng ha sehlopha sa "Lerato le Kamano e Haufi" ea Alliance se sa fane ka tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo ea thobalano kapa kamano, joalo ka: tlhahlobo ea # 1, tlhahlobo ea # 2, tlhahlobo ea # 3? Ke hobane litlhahlobo tsena ha li tsamaellane le morero oa Alliance?

Ea bohlano, mme ho tsebahala haholo, lenane la Alliance ha le kenyeletse hoo e batlang e le thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hokahanyang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le liphetho tse mpe (tse nang le lithuto tse ngata tsa bootsoa). Ho feta moo, ho tsena tse seng kae tsa lithuto tsa Alliance li thathamisitse seo o ile a tlaleha litholoana tse mpe, Selekane se siea liphuputso tse joalo litlhalosong tsa bona. Ka ho sebelisa lethathamo la lithuto tse nepahetseng tsa YBOP re ka tseba habonolo thetso ea bona:

The Alliance e siile tsohle Thuto ea 55 ea li-neurological ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lihlooho tsa CSB, ntle le bakeng sa Prause et al., 2015 (ha ba bolelle babali ka Litokomane tsa 10 tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tse bolelang hore Prause ea EEG thuto e hlile e tšehetsa mokhoa oa ho lemala).
The Alliance e siile tsohle empa tse peli ho feta Liphuputso tsa 80 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa ho fokotsa thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano. Selekane se khelositse 'mali lithutong tseo tse peli (le tse ling sehlopheng sa "lerato"): ka bobeli bo hokahanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo ea kamano e futsanehileng kapa ho se tšepahale ho feta: ho ithuta 1, ho ithuta 2.
The Alliance e siile tsohle 30 litlhahlobo le litlhaloso tsa lingoliloeng tsa morao-rao tse thehiloeng ho neuroscience, e ngotsoeng ke tse ling tsa litsebi tse phahameng tsa methapo ea pelo lefatšeng. Litokomane tsohle tsa 25 li tšehetsa mohlala oa ho lemala.
The Alliance o siile thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe lethathamong lena la ka lipatlisiso tsa 40 tse amanang le tšebeliso ea bootsoa ho "maikutlo a sa lokelang" ho basali le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate. Ba tlohetse tlhahlobo ea meta ea 2016 ea lithuto tse 135 tse lekolang litlamorao tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tsa thobalano ho litumelo, maikutlo le boits'oaro. Mecha ea phatlalatso le ho kopanela liphate: Puso ea Boipheliso ba Puso, 1995-2015.
The Alliance e siile tsohle empa tse peli ea lipampiri lethathamong lena la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 60 litlaleho tsa tlaleho tse lumellanang le ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho mamella), tloaelo ea ho kopanela liphate, esita le matšoao a ho tlohela (matšoao le matšoao a amanang le ho lemala). Lithuto tsena tse peli ke tsa Deniers Nicole Prause le Alexandere Štulhofer, bao litlaleho tsa bona tse ngotsoeng ka hloko li khelosa 'mali: ho ithuta 1 (Prause et al., 2015 - hape); ho ithuta 2 ke Štulhofer.
The Alliance e siile tsohle empa tse tharo ea lipampiri lethathamong lena la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 40 tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa litabeng tsa thobalano le ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho kopanela liphate. Ha ho makatse hore ebe lithuto tsa 3 li entsoe ke Deniers Alexander Štulhofer, Joshua Grubbs le James Cantor. Ka mohlala o hlakileng oa batho ba hanang ho senya lithuto tsa bona, litokomane tsohle tsa 3 li tlaleha li-link pakeng tsa mathata a ho kopanela liphate le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho lemalla bootsoa: ho ithuta 1 ke Štulhofer; ho ithuta 2 ke Grubbs; ho ithuta 3 ke Cantor.
The Alliance e siile tsohle empa tse peli ea Liphuputso tsa 27 tse amanang le taba ea hore ho kopanela liphate le ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "li na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano" (lipampiri tse peli tse tšoanang tse bontšitsoeng hampe lenaneng le fetileng: thuto ea Štulhofer; thuto ea James Cantor).
The Alliance e siile litokomane tsohle lethathamong lena la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 85 tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho batho ba futsanehileng kelello-maikutlo le liphello tse futsanehileng tsa likamano.
The Alliance u sa siea tsohle empa 3 ea lithuto tsa 280 lethathamong lena le akaretsang la lipampiri tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tse lekang phello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho bacha. (The Denier's Alliance e ile ea tlohela litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng tse phatlalalitsoeng ho bacha le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. tlhahlobo ea # 1, hlahloba2, tlhahlobo ea # 3, tlhahlobo ea # 4, tlhahlobo ea # 5, tlhahlobo ea # 6, tlhahlobo ea # 7, tlhahlobo ea # 8, tlhahlobo ea # 9, tlhahlobo ea # 10, tlhahlobo ea # 11, tlhahlobo ea # 12, tlhahlobo ea # 13, tlhahlobo ea # 14, tlhahlobo ea # 15.)

Hoo e ka bang lipampiri tsohle tsa Alliance li ile tsa ngolloa lithutong tse fetileng tsa lingoloa tsa pele tsa Prause

Re bile mona pejana, le Nicole Prause o bile joalo. Boholo ba lipampiri tse boletsoeng ke Alliance li ne li kile tsa reoa mabitso, 'me tsa spun, likhechanong tsa phatlalatso tse ngotsoeng tsa Prause pejana: mangolo a mabeli a eang ho mohlophisi, le sengoloa se ngotsoeng le ba bang ba babeli ba latolang (Taylor Kohut le Marty Klein). YBOP e pepesitse Pampiri e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e khethiloeng ka ciliegia e boletsoeng, ha e ntse e qhekella liqoso tse sa tšehetsoeng ke bangoli, litlatsong tsena tse tharo tse pharalletseng:

Haeba u sa batle ho khathatseha ka karolo e tlang halelele haholo, bona ho qhaloa ha YBOP ha Prause / Klein / Kohut ka la 30 Phupu 2018 Letlapa sehlooho: Ke Hobane'ng ha re sa Ntšoenyeha ka ho Talima Litšoantšo?? Ho bonolo ho cheka ha Ba-Deniers ba 3 ba e ngotseng hantle ba bokella lintlha tsohle tsa bona tse tloaelehileng tsa ho bua le lithuto tsa kantle tsa likheri tseo ba li qotsang khafetsa ho sengolo seo se le seng.

Nicole Prause o ama le lengolo la mangolo a hae ho mohlophisi e le "debunking" boteng ba ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ("Mathata a boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate" nakong e tlang ICD-11): "Lintlha ha li tšehetse thobalano e le lithethefatsi."Leha ho le joalo lengolo la hae ha le hlahise letho. Puo ena ea maikutlo a 240 (Prause et al., 2017) e qotsa lithuto tsa zero ho ts'ehetsa lipolelo tsa eona, e fana ka polelo e le 'ngoe feela, e hanyetsanoang habonolo e le eona "bopaki" ba eona bo hananang le mofuta oa bokhoba. Lengolo lena, leo ho hlakileng hore le entsoe ke Prause le saennoe ke bahanyetsi ba bane ba bootsoa (Erick Janssen, Janniko Georgiadis, Peter Finn le James Pfaus), bao ba 3 ba bona ba thathamisitsoeng e le "Litsebi" webosaeteng e ncha, mme e ne e le karabo ea lengolo le leng le lecha: Na boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate ke boloetse ba ho lemalla? (Potenza et. al., 2017), e ngotsoeng ke Marc Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Valerie Voon, Ariel Kor le Shane Kraus. Lintlha tse setseng tsa Deniers tsa ho bua le lipolelo tse sa tšehetsoeng li qhekelitsoe tlhahlobisong ea YBOP: Tlhahlobo ea "Data ha e tšehetse thobalano e le meriana" (Prause et al., 2017).

U ke ke ua qhekella mohlala haeba u ke ke ua bolela mofuta ofe kapa ofe

Lethathamo la Alliance la lithuto tse khethiloeng ka ciliegia le hlahisoa ka drivel e tloaelehileng e ts'oanang le Prause mabapi le "ho thetsa meetso."

Saense ke mokhoa oa ho qhekella mefuta e sebelisoang ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. Kelellong le saense tse amanang le tsona, mehlala ena ke likhopolo tsa hore na ke hobane'ng ha motho kapa sehlopha se kenella boitšoarong. Phoso ke sebaka se phahameng bakeng sa mehlala: Haeba ho na le boprofeta bo hlalosang mohlala ha bo tšehetsoe, mohlala oohle o lahleheloa. Ha litholoana tsa thuto tse lumellanang le boprofeta ba mehlala li eketsa tšepo ea rona ea hore boprofeta bo bong bo boletsoeng bo tšehetsoa, ngoe le e 'ngoe e boletsoeng esale pele ea mohlala e lokela ho sebetsa e le' nete bakeng sa mohlala o nkoang o tšehetsoa. Ka hona, lithuto tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke lithuto tseo ho fosahetse ho bolela esale pele ea mohlala. Qetellong, mohlala ha ho mohla "o hlakileng", hobane ho bolela esale pele ho ka etsahala hore ho be joalo ka thuto e latelang. Mekhoa e "tšehetsoa" kapa "e fositsoe". Lingoliloeng tsena (tse ka tlase) li emela tse ling tsa mekhoa ea bohata e hlahang litabeng tsa saense tsa liphatlalatso tsa thobalano.

Ka holim'a metsi, ho utloahala eka e tsoteha, leha ho le joalo 'mali o setse lefifing e leng mohlala oa eng Selekane se ipolela hore se thetsitse. Ho iketsahalla feela ha mekhahlelo ea boithuto (LGBT, Bacha, Molaoana, Bahlahisi, kamano e haufi-ufi,) ho fana ka leseli le fokolang la hore na ke mefuta efe ea X, Y, kapa Z e ts'ehetsoeng, kapa che. Empa tsena ke tsona le "litsebi" re bolelloa hore re tšepe?

Karolo feela eo u ka e fang "mohlala" ke Karolo ea "Mehlala ea Thobalano ea Botona le Botšehali", leha ho le joalo 'mali ha ho mohla a bolelloang hore na ke mofuta ofe o ntseng o thetsoa ke liphetho life tsa lipampiri tsa bona tse khethiloeng ka ciliegia. Ke sephiri. Karolong ea "mehlala ea bosodoma" na Alliance e ka supa mofuta o itseng oa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (CSBD)? Mohlomong, empa boholo ba lipampiri tse thathamisitsoeng ha li amane le lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa, kaha li tlohetse tsohle ntle le e le 'ngoe ea tsona Lithuto tsa 55 tsa methapo ea kutlo le litlhahlobo / litlhaloso tse 30 tse thathamisitsoeng mona.

Na ba ipolela hore ba "fositse" mohlala oa bosodoma? Alliance e fana ka lipampiri tse 'maloa tsa maikutlo mabapi le "mehlala ea bosodoma," empa e le thuto e le' ngoe feela ea methapo ea kutlo: Thapelo, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2015). Joaloka liphuputso tse ngata tsa Alliance, thuto eo, Prause et al., 2015, ha se kamoo e shebahalang e le kateng. Le hoja Prause ka sebete a tsitsitse hore eena a le mong, thuto ea EEG e fokolang ka ho teba e ne e entse hore ho be le bothata ba ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, Lipampiri tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa 9 ha li lumellane. Lipampiri tsohle tsa 10 li lumellana le seo Prause et al., 2015 ha e le hantle o fumane ts'oaetso kapa ho tloaela ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate (e leng ntho e ts'oanang le ho lemala): Litlhaloso tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa Prause et al., 2015

Haeba litho tsa Alliance ke ho bua ka "ho thetsa" mofuta o itseng oa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, e ka ba mofuta ofe oa bokhoba Na ke eona khothatso ea ho ts'ehetsa lithethefatsi? Kapa mohlomong mohlala oa ho lemalla ho lemalla? Kapa mohlomong e ka ba eona mokhoa oa ts'ebetso oa bahanyetsi? Mohlomong ho na le mohlala o mong?

Haeba Selekane se ka re tsebisa hore na ba sebetsana le mofuta ofe, ba hloka ho re joetsa hore na ke liphetho life tse tšehetsang kapa "ho thetsa" mofuta o khethiloeng oa tahi. Setsebi sa thuto ea kelello Matuesz Gola o ne a e-na le lipotso tse tšoanang tlhahlobo ea hae Prause et al., 2015, moo a supang ho se khonehe ha Prause ho bolela hore na ke mofuta ofe oa bokhoba boo a reng o "fositse":

Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke polelo e hlakileng ea khopolo-taba eo mokhoa oa ho lemalla ho lemalla le ho hlahlojoa ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang (ho thata ho hlalosa karolo ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso), ho ke ke ha khoneha ho bolela hore liphello tse hlahisitsoeng li khahlanong le "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" lemalla"Liphuputso tse tsoetseng pele tse nang le likhopolo-taba tse hlalositsoeng hantle li bitsoa. Ka bomalimabe tlotla ea Prause et al. (2015) sehlooho se se se bile le tsusumetso ho mecha ea phatlalatso, ka hona ho fetisa qetello e sa nepahalang ea saense. Ka lebaka la bohlokoa ba sechaba le ba lipolotiki mabapi le liphello tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa, bafuputsi ba lokela ho etsa liqeto tse tlang ka hloko haholoanyane.

Kamora ho pepesoa ke Gola, Prause o phatlalalitse - kamora 'nete - hore litemana tsa hae tsa EEG li ne li etselitsoe ho lekola "cue-reactivity" (ho hlohlelletsa), ho e-na le tloaelo. Haeba e le 'nete, Prause e hlokomoloha sekoti sa hae sa sebete sa "bohata". Le haeba Prause et al. 2015 o fumane Nyane cue-reactivity ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa, lithuto tse ling tsa 26 tsa methapo ea pelo li tlalehile ho ts'oara kapa ho lakatsa (sensitization) ho basebelisi ba ts'oaetso ea bootsoa: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Saense ha e tsamaee le thuto e ikemetseng e senyehileng e sitisoang ke mekhoa e mengata e tebileng ea litsela; saense e tsamaea le ho senyeha ha bopaki (ntle le haeba u le joalo Porn-driven-driven Science Science ea nyatsa).

Ha e le likarolo tse ling tsohle tsa Alliance, ha ho na mohlala oa ntho leha e le ofe o fanoeng ka bohata ka lipampiri tse nkiloeng ka ntle, lipampiri tsa cherry tse boletsoeng.

Litho tse fapaneng tsa Porn Science Deniers Alliance li na le nalane ea ho bua hampe ka lithuto tsa bona le tsa ba bang

Le hoja tse ling tsa batho ba nang le maikutlo a holimo ka ho fetisisa ba sa tsebeng boemo ba hona joale ba lipatlisiso, li boetse li senya, li koahela, 'me ka linako tse ling li senya lipatlisiso tsa tsona. Ka tlase mona ke mehlala ea batho ba bararo ba hanang ba hatisitseng lipatlisiso tse ngata (litho tse ngata tsa Alliance li mpa li le mafa, eseng bafuputsi). Mehlala e meng e teng ho eona Litlhahlobo tsa Lipotso tse belaetsang le tse khelosang karolo.

Nicole Prause:

Steele et al., 2013, a PR e amanang le 2013 EEG studE ileng ea mo hohela mahlong a batho, Prause o ile a re o thetsitse bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hobane litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sebelisang lihlooho tsa batho ba hae (1) “boko ha boa ka ba arabela joalo ka makhoba a mang,” hape (2) ba hlile ba na le "takatso e phahameng". Bobeli lipolelo li ntle le tšehetso {https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/comment/556448#comment-556448}. Leha ho le joalo e tlalehoa ho Steele et al., 2013. 'Nete? Litlhahlobo tse robeli tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa Steele et al. 2013 hlalosa hore na Steele et al. liphuputso li fana ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa mohlala oa lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro (liphello tsa sebele = kholo le ho feta-ho khutlisetsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse amanang le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane).
(Thapelo le Pfaus 2015): Lipuisanong, li-co-author Nicole Prause le Jim Pfaus ba ile ba bolela hore ba lekantse likarolo tse ling tsa laboratoire, le hore banna ba neng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba e-na le likhetho tse betere. Ho feta moo, mokhoa oo ba o sebelisang o ka be o sa ka oa lekola ka nepo "likhahla tsa tsoho" ho banna, joalo ka e hlalositsoe mona.

Joshua Grubbs:

Lithuto tsa "ho lemoha bokhoba ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso" tsa Josh Grubbs. ka sena 2016 e sa tloaelehang Psychology kajeno Sehlooho se, Grubbs o bua leshano hore "lintlha tse lemalloang tsa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" (li-CPUI-9 kaofela) ha li amane le tšebeliso ea lihora tsa bootsoa: Ho boleloa hore Joshua Grubbs, motlatsi oa moprofesa oa thuto ea kelello ea Bowling Green University o re "ho lemalla ho lemalla likoboana tsa bootsoa" ke molekane, kapa ka boeena, ha ho letho le amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho e-na le hoo, ho na le lintho tsohle tseo u lokelang ho li etsa bolumeli 'me boitšoaro bo botle maikutlo ka thobalano. Ka bokhutšoanyane o re, "Ke tšusumetso e hlabisang lihlong." Ha e le hantle, Grubbs et al., Tlaleho ea 2015 hore tšebeliso ea bootsoa e ne e le matla motho ea lebisang tlhokomelo ea "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho feta tumelo!
A hae ho ngola ka mokhoa o sa lumellaneng of Grubbs le Gola, 2019, Josh Grubbs khafetsa ho nyenyefatsa likamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro le liketso tse futsanehileng. Ha e le hantle, likamano ba ne ba e tlalehiloe lihlopheng tsohle tsa 3 - haholo-holo sekhethong sa 3, e leng eona mohlala o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa kaha e ne e le sampula e kholo ka ho fetisisa le e koahetsoeng ka ho fetisisa le banna ba lilemo li atisang ho angoa ke ED e bakoang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka sebete pontšo ea mokhoa oa ho fuputsa liphetho tsa thuto, Liqeto tsa Grubbs li hlokomoloha likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le likhetho tse futsanehileng tse neng li hlile li le teng matla ho feta likamano tsa hae lipakeng tsa "ho lemalla ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" le tumelo!

Alexander Štulhofer:

Landripet le Štulhofer, 2015: "Puisano e khuts'oane" e re ha e fumane likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea porno le mathata a thobalano. Joalokaha ho tlalehiloe ka bobeli ena YBOP e nyatsa 'me tlhahlobo ena ea lingoliloeng, Pampiri ea Štulhofer e hlile e tlaleha likamano tse peli tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea porno le ED. Karolong ea bobeli ea chicanery, pampiri ea Štulhofer e sa lumellane le litšebelisano tse tharo tsa bohlokoa pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea bootsoa le mathata a thobalano, ao e mong oa bangoli ba neng ba a hlahisitse pejana seboka sa Europe.
Veitm, Štulhofer & Hald, 2016Lithuto tsa Štulhofer hangata "ka taolo ea mefuta" ho fihlela liphetho tse mpe tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fokotsoa kapa li nyamela (kapa ha a li bue ka mohopolo). Ha u bala sengoloa sena sa Štulhofer u ke ke ua tseba hore o fumane likamano tse kholo lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le kamano e futsanehileng le khotsofalo ea thobalano ho banna le basali. Ho tsoa pampiring: "Bakeng sa banna le basali, ho na le likamano tse mpe tsa ts'ebetso pakeng tsa SEM le khotsofalo ea kamano. "

Mehlala e meng e mengata e fanoa karolong e latelang.

Ho pepesa lipampiri tse khethiloeng ke Alliance: boitsebiso bo fosahetseng, moelelo o fosahetseng, tloelo le mashano.

Ka tlase re hlahisa Alliance ea Mots'eanong 30th, 2019 sekhechana sa lipampiri tsa tsona tse khethiloeng ke cherry. Likarolo le tatellano ea lipampiri li lula li tšoana le tseo u tla li fumana sebakeng sa bona sa marang-rang. Haeba ho hlokahala, re fana ka kenyelletso sehlopheng se hlalosang boemo ba hajoale ba lipatlisiso, nalane ea mashano a Denier, mme ka linako tse ling re nahana ka maqheka a mantlha. Bakeng sa lipampiri tse ngata re fana ka "tlhahlobo" le tokiso ea karolo e 'ngoe ea moelelo o fosahetseng, ho ohla le ho se bontšoe ke Alliance kapa sengoli sa lipampiri (hangata e le “Litsebi” tsa selekane). Re boetse re re haeba pampiri: (1) ke tlhaloso kapa thuto ea 'nete (tse ngata ha se lithuto), (2) e lekotse litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho mosebelisi (boholo ha bo a ka ba etsa joalo), (3) e bohlokoa ho karolo e boletsoeng sehlooho (tse ngata ha li na thuso), (4) ke filler feela kapa "citation inflation" (tse ngata ha li na thuso). Lihokela tsa likarolo tsa Alliance:

Erectile le Mathata a mang a ho kopanela liphate Karolo

Moelelo / Boemo: Lethathamo lena le na le lipatlisiso tse fetang 40 tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa botona le botšehali litabeng tsa thobalano. (ho kenyeletsa lithuto tse tharo tsa Alliance tse thathamisitsoeng ka tlase) The Liphuputso tsa pele tsa 7 lenaneong li bontša ho baka, kaha barupeluoa ba ile ba tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba phekola likotsi tse sa feleng tsa thobalano.

Ntle le lithuto, leqephe lena le na le lihlooho le livideo ka litsebi tsa 160 (urology baprofesa, urologists, mafu a kelello, litsebi tsa kelello, litsebi tsa thobalano, MDs) ba amohelang le ba atlehile ho tšoara litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ED le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate.

Lipalo tsa histori tsa ED: Erectile dysfunction e ile ea hlahlojoa ka lekhetlo la pele ho 1940 ha Tlaleho ea Kinsey e fihlile hore ho ata ha ED e ne e le tlase ho 1% ho banna ba banyenyane ho feta lilemo tsa 30, tlase ho 3% ho ba lilemo li 30-45. Ha lithuto tsa ED ho banna ba bacha li batla li le nyenyane, sena ke 2002 tlhahlobo ea litlhahlobo tsa 6 e phahameng ea thuto ea ED e tlalehile hore 5 ea liphuputso tsa 6 e tlalehile Palo ea banna ba tlas'a 40 ea hoo e batlang e le 2%.

Qetellong ea 2006 mahala, ho phallela libaka tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ile tsa hlahella 'me tsa fumana botumo hang-hang. Sena fetola mofuta oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo. Ka lekhetlo la pele historing, bashebelli ba ka khona ho eketseha habonolo nakong ea thuto ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ntle le ho emela. Liphuputso tse leshome tse hatisitsoeng ho tloha 2010 ho senola tsoho e khōlō litabeng tsa thobalano. Liphuputsong tsa 10, litekanyetso tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile bakeng sa banna ba tlas'a 40 li fapane le 14% ho ea 37%, athe litefiso tsa libido tse fokolang li arohile ho 16% ho ea 37%.

Ntle le ho ba teng ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2006) ha ho letho le amanang le ho ba bacha ba ED e fetohile ka mokhoa o tsotehang lilemong tsa ho qetela tsa 10-20 (ho tsuba ho fokotseha, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e tsitsitse, botenya ba banna ba 20-40 ke feela 4% ho tloha 1999 - e ngotsoeng ho pampiri ena e hlahlobisitsoeng ke litlhahlobo tsa 2016: Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka. Ho hlahella ha morao tjena litabeng tsa thobalano ho lumellana le ho hatisoa ha lipatlisiso tse ngata tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa" litabeng tsa botona le botšehali le ho fokotsa ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano

Morero oa Alliance: Ho baka khoao kelellong ea sechaba. Ho bapala papali haeba lefapha la sechaba le la bongaka le hlokomela bonnete ba hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa kajeno e ka baka likhathatso tse sa foleng tsa thobalano ho bacha ba bang ba phetseng hantle. Bahanyetsi ba kang Ley, Prause, Perry, Kohut le Lehmiller beha molato ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, eseng bootsoa, bakeng sa ED e sa feleng ho banna ba bacha ba phetseng hantle. (Ha ho na setsebi sa urologist ea ka lumellanang.) Ha ba sa tšehetse saense leha e le efe, litsebi tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li leka ho re kholisa hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke eseng ka morao tjena ho phahama ha coital ED ho batho ba ratang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. (Ho na le letho haese bootsoa, ho nepahetse?)

Ley & Prause ba sebelisitse mekhoa e seng metle lilemong tse 7 tse fetileng, ba qetile Ntoa ea lilemo tsa 4 khahlanong le pampiri ena ea thuto, ha ka nako e tšoanang a hlekefetsa le ho lokolla bahlankana ba fumaneng mokhoa oa ho itlosa bolutu ka thobalano. Qetellong, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela mongoli eo Nicole Prause na likamano tse haufi le indasteri ea bootsoa 'me e tšoenyehile haholo ka PIED e tenang, ha e se e tsitsitse a Ntoa ea lilemo tsa 3 khahlanong le pampiri ena ea thuto, ha ka nako e ts'oanang ba hlekefetsa le ho nyatsa bahlankana ba hlaphohetsoeng lits'oants'o tsa thobalano. Bona litokomane: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Kereke ea Noe, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes #10, Alex Rhodes # 11, Gabe Deem le Alex Rhodes hammoho # 12, Alexander Rhodes #13, Alexander Rhodes #14, Gabe Deem #4, Alexander Rhodes #15.

Litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng tseo The Deniers li ileng tsa li tlohela:

1) Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016) - Tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea lingoliloeng tse amanang le mathata a ho kopanela liphate a bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate. Ho kopanya lingaka tsa Marine tsa Navy tsa 7, tlhahlobo ena e fana ka lintlha tsa morao-rao tse senola tsoho e kholo ea mathata a bocha ba thobalano. E boetse e hlahloba lithuto tsa kelello tse amanang le ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa le likamano tsa thobalano ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lingaka li fana ka litlaleho tsa meriana ea 3 ea banna ba ileng ba qapa likotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Banna ba babeli ho banna bana ba bararo ba ile ba phekola likotsi tsa bona tsa thobalano ka ho tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Monna oa boraro ha aa ka a ntlafala ha a ne a sa khone ho itlosa boleng ba litšoantšo. Sephiri

Lintho tse tloaelehileng tse kileng tsa hlalosetsa mathata a thobalano tsa banna li bonahala li sa lekaneng ho ikarabella bakeng sa ho nyoloha ka matla ho erectile ho se sebetse, ho lieha ho khutla, ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano, le ho fokotsa libido nakong ea thobalano e kopanetsoeng ho banna ba tlas'a 40. Tlhaloso ena (1) e na le maikutlo a tsoang libakeng tse ngata, mohlala, litsebi tsa bongaka, likokoana-hloko (lithethefatsi / urology), kelello (maemo a thobalano), sechaba; le (2) li fana ka litlaleho tsa litlaleho tsa bophelo bo botle, bohle ba ikemiselitse ho fana ka tataiso ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mohlolo ona nakong e tlang. Liphetoho tsamaisong ea ts'ebetso ea boko li hlahlojoa e le mokhoa o ka khonehang oa ho etsa lintho tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
Tlhahlobo ena e boetse e nka bopaki ba hore thepa e ikhethang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng (e sa lekanyetsoang, e ka hlahisoang habonolo ke lintho tse fetelletseng, sebopeho sa video, joalo-joalo) e ka ba matla ho lekana ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano ho likarolo tse ling tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng tse sa fetoheng habonolo feela. -Balekane ba bophelo, joalo ka hore thobalano le balekane ba lakatsehang e ka se ngolise joalo ka litebello tsa kopano le litheko tse nyarosang. Litlaleho tsa kliniki li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho emisa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng ka linako tse ling ho lekane ho fetola maemo a mabe, ho hatisa tlhokahalo ea lipatlisiso tse ngata ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e nang le lithuto tse tlosang phapang e teng ts'ebelisong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng.

2) Dysfunctions tsa thobalano Inthaneteng Era (2018) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Takatso e tlase ea thobalano, khotsofalo e fokotsehileng likamanong tsa botona le botšehali, le dysfunction ea erectile (ED) li atile haholo bathong ba bacha. Phuputsong ea Mataliana ho tloha ka 2013, ho fihla ho 25% ea lithuto tse tšoeroeng ke ED li ne li le ka tlase ho lilemo tse 40 [1], mme phuputsong e ts'oanang e phatlalalitsoeng ka 2014, ba fetang halofo ea banna ba Canada ba nang le thobalano ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 16 le 21. a tšoeroe ke mofuta o mong oa khatello ea botona kapa botšehali. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ts'oaetso ea mekhoa e seng kotsi ea bophelo bo botle e amanang le organic ED ha e so fetohe haholo kapa e fokotsehile lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore psychogenic ED e ntse e eketseha [2].
DSM-IV-TR e hlalosa boitšoaro bo bong bo nang le litšobotsi tse kang ho becha, ho ea mabenkeleng, boitšoaro ba thobalano, tšebeliso ea marang-rang, le tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa video, e le "mathata a ho susumetsa a sa laoloang libakeng tse ling ntle le tšebeliso ea bona" ]. Patlisiso ea morao tjena e khothalelitse karolo ea tlhekefetso ea boitšoaro litabeng tsa thobalano: liphetoho litseleng tsa methapo e amanang le karabo ea thobalano e kanna ea ba sephetho sa tšusumetso e pheta-phetoang ea tšimoloho e fapaneng.
Har'a mekhoa ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng, ho sebelisoa ha Inthanete ka bothata le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng tsa bootsoa hangata ho boleloa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang lisosa tsa kotsi bakeng sa ho se sebetse ka thobalano, hangata ho se na moeli o tiileng pakeng tsa lintho tse peli tse etsahalang. Basebelisi ba Inthanete ba khahloa ke litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ka lebaka la ho se tsejoe ha tsona, ho khoneha, le ho fumaneha habonolo, 'me maemong a mangata tšebeliso ea eona e ka lebisa basebelisi ka ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng: maemong ana, basebelisi ba ka lebala karolo ea "ho iphetola" ha thobalano, ho fumana thabo e eketsehileng ea lintho tse hlalosang thobalano ka boithatelo ho feta ho kopanela liphate.
Libukeng, bafuputsi ha ba lumellane le mosebetsi o motle le o fosahetseng oa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Ho tloha ponong e fosahetseng, e emela sesosa se ka sehloohong sa boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba masturbatory, lithethefatsi tsa ho kopanela liphate le inthaneteng, esita le ho se sebetse ha erectile.

3) Lisosa tsa botho le tsa kelello tse bakoang ke ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna bahlankana (2017) - Tlhaloso ea litlaleho, e nang le karolo e reng "Karolo ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa ka ho Khaotsa ho Ejaculation (DE)". Tlhaloso ea karolo ena:

Karolo ea Litšoantšo Tse Lit sila Tsa Bootsoa li liehile ho khaotsa (DE)
Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, keketseho e kholo ea ho ata le phihlello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng e fane ka lisosa tse eketsehileng tsa DE tse amanang le khopolo ea bobeli le ea boraro ea Althof. Litlaleho tse tsoang ho 2008 tse fumanoeng ka karolelano 14.4% ea bashanyana ba pepeselitsoe litšoantšo tsa bootsoa pele ho lilemo tse 13 le 5.2% ea batho ba shebang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro bonyane letsatsi le letsatsi.76 Phuputso ea 2016 e senotse hore litekanyetso tsena li nyolohetse ho 48.7% le 13.2% ka ho latellana. 76 Lilemo tsa pejana tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li kenya letsoho ho DE ka kamano ea eona le bakuli ba bonts'ang CSB. Voon et al. ba fumane hore bahlankana ba nang le CSB ba ne ba shebile litaba tsa thobalano ba sa le banyenyane ho feta lithaka tsa bona tse laoloang ke botsofe.75
Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, bahlankana ba nang le CSB ba ka oela khopolong ea boraro ea Althof ea DE mme ba khetha ka ho khetheha ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka thobalano e arohaneng ka lebaka la khaello ea ho tsoha likamanong. Palo e eketsehang ea banna ba shebellang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro letsatsi le letsatsi le eona e kenya letsoho ho DE ka mohopolo oa boraro oa Althof. Phuputsong ea baithuti ba banna ba koleche ba 487, Sun et al. ba fumane mekhatlo lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le phokotso ea boithati ea boits'oaro ba thobalano le balekane ba nnete ba bophelo.76 Batho bana ba kotsing e phahameng ea ho khetha ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho feta likamano tsa thobalano, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe tlalehong ea Park et al. . Monna e mong ea lilemo li 20 ea ngolisitsoeng o ile a thatafalloa ho fihlela mokete le molekane oa hae likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng.
Tlaleho e qaqileng ea thobalano e senotse hore mokuli o ne a ts'epa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete le ts'ebeliso ea sebapalisoa sa thobalano se hlalositsoeng e le "botshehadi ba bohata" ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ha o ntse o sebelisoa. Ha nako e ntse e ea, o ile a batla litaba tsa mofuta o hlakileng le o fetelletseng oa botona kapa botšehali. O amohetse hore o fumane kharebe ea hae e khahleha empa a khetha maikutlo a papali ea hae hobane a e fumane e hlasimolla thobalano ea 'nete.77 Keketseho ea phihlello ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete e beha bahlankana kotsing ea ho nts'etsapele DE ka khopolo ea bobeli ea Althof, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe Tlaleho e latelang ea nyeoe: Bronner et al. e buisane le monna ea lilemo li 35 ea phetseng hantle ea hlahisang litletlebo tsa hore ha a na takatso ea ho etsa thobalano le kharebe ea hae leha a ne a hoheloa ke eena kelellong le thobalanong.
Nalane e hlakileng ea thobalano e senotse hore boemo bona bo etsahetse le basali ba 20 ba fetileng bao a lekileng ho ratana le bona. O tlalehile ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho tloha bocheng tseo qalong li neng li e-na le zoophilia, botlamuoa, ho hlonama le masochism, empa qetellong a hatela pele ho kopanela liphate ho feteletseng, mekete e litšila le thobalano e mabifi. O ne a bona litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mohopolong oa hae oa ho etsa thobalano le basali, empa hanyane ka hanyane o ile a emisa ho sebetsa.74 Lekhalo lipakeng tsa litoro tsa bootsoa tsa mokuli le bophelo ba 'nete le ile la ba kholo haholo, la baka tahlehelo ea takatso.
Ho ea ka Althof, sena se tla hlahisa DE ho bakuli ba bang.73 Taba ena e iphetang ea ho hloka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa botona kapa botšehali ho li-orgasm li hlalosoa ke Park et al. joalo ka ho se sebetse hantle. Ha monna a ts'ehetsa thobalano ea hae ho tsosa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho kopanela liphate bophelong ba sebele ha bo sa sebelise tsela e nepahetseng ea kelello ho ejaculate (kapa ho hlahisa likhetho tse tsitsitseng tabeng ea ED) .77

Ha e le lithuto tse 7 tsa Alliance, litho tsa eona li leka ho thetsa sechaba. Liphuputso tse 'ne ho tse supileng li tlalehile lihokela tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea porno le mathata a thobalano. Lintlha tse fumanehang lithutong tsena kaofela tse 4 li hanana le lipolelo tsa Alliance:

Ho litemana tse tharo tse setseng tsa Alliance, e le 'ngoe ha e hlahlojoe ke lithaka, ha tse ling tse peli li ile tsa nyatsoa semolao lingoliloeng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka (bona ka tlase).

Qetellong, le haeba litokomane tsohle tsa 7 li tlaleha kamano e fokolang kapa e seng pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mathata a thobalano (e seng joalo), Alliance ha e fane ka letho. Le hoja Prause e bua khafetsa Karl Popper mme likhopolo tsa hae li amana le ho fosahetse kapa ho tsitsisa, o sitoa ho sebelisa likhopolo tsena ho eena ho nkoang hore o na le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate (kapa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate). Ho sebelisa filosofi ea Li-Popper ho lipolelo tsa Prause, rea e fumana seo a se buang tse 'nileng tsa thetsoa. Joalokaha Popper a boletse, motho a ke ke a paka hore "li-swans tsohle li tšoeu," empa swan e le 'ngoe e ntšo e ka fokotsa seo.

Ha ho tluoa litabeng tsa thobalano tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate re na le letša le tletseng li-swans tse ntšo. Hase feela hore re na le likete e sa tloaelehang 'me kliniki litlaleho tsa banna bahlankana ba folisang mathata a ho kopanela liphate ka ho tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, re na le Litokomane tsa 7 tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka ho tlaleha hore banna ba phekola likotsi tse sa foleng tsa ho kopanela liphate ka ho felisa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:

E, ho joalo Liphuputso tse eketsehileng tsa 32 li amana le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea mathata a thobalano le ho fokotsa menyetla ea thobalano. Ka bokhutšoanyane, lipolelo tsa Alliance li felisitsoe.

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Grubbs, JB, & Gola, M. (2019). Na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ho amana le ho sebetsa ha erectile? Litholoana tse hlahang ho tloha moeling o latellanang le o latellanang lekhalo li sekaseka. Koranta ea thobalano, 16 (1), 111-125. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Joshua Grubbs. Le ha pampiri e bala joalo ka ha eka e hlahisa ED, e entsoe ke thuto ena ka bobeli tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me Mefuta e phahameng ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana le ea futsanehile erectile e sebetsang hohle 3 ea lisebelisoa tsa eona (sheba e boitsebiso ba sebele le 'nete ho sena se hlalosang). Qeto e se nang boikarabello ea Dr. Grubbs ha e makatse ba latetseng lipolelo tse belaetsang tsa pejana tsa Dr. Grubbs mabapi le "haeo lemohile ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro"Letšolo.

Ka mantsoe a bonolo, thuto ena e ts'ehetsa tlhahiso ea hore ts'ebeliso / ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana le ho se sebetse ha erectile. Ho utloisisa khethollo ea Grubbs, hlokomela likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ED ho sampole ea hae e kholo ka ho fetisisa, ea sehlopha sa lilemo tse atisang ho tlaleha PIED): (0.37). E matla ho feta khokahano e tlalehiloeng ke Grubbs (pampiring e 'ngoe) lipakeng tsa "ba lemaletse ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ”le bolumeli (0.30) ho lokafatsa litlhaloso tsa hae tse phahameng, phatlalatsa hore hore bolumeli bo baka bokhoba ba ho kopanela liphate. Empa leha ho le joalo o qetella hore o na le ha e lumelloe e leng ho susumelletsa ED, ho hlokomoloha hore na o fumane hokae ha 0.37 ka mohlala oa hae o nepahetseng haholo, o moholo ka ho fetisisa! Mokhoa o tsosang oa bobeli, che?

Ho e-na le ho hanyetsa khokahanyo pakeng tsa likotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate le ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo, thuto ena e fana ka ts'ehetso etsoe ho hlekefetsa likamano tsa thobalano.

Berger, JH, Kehoe, JE, Doan, AP, Crain, DS, Klam, WP, Marshall, MT, & Christman, MS (2019). Survey ea Mosebetsi oa thobalano le bootsoa. Meriana ea Masole. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Phuputso e entsoeng ke lingaka tse ngata tse tšoanang tsa US Navy tse neng li le teng tlhahlobisong ena e boletsoeng ka ho fetisisa: Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016). Ke hobane'ng ha ka boomo Alliance e tlohetse pampiri ena ea pele (ka morao-tsohle, ke tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng)? Ee, hobane e bala ka botlalo lintlha tsa ho bua tsa RealYBOP le lipolelo tse sa tšehetsoeng.

Phuputsong ena, bafuputsi ba batlile khokahano lipakeng tsa ED le li-indices tsa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba sebelisa lipotso tsa "takatso". Le ha ho se na khokahano e joalo e hlahileng (mohlomong hobane basebelisi ba sa lekole ka nepo boemo ba bona ba "ho lakatsa" ho fihlela ba leka ho tlohela ho sebelisa), likonteraka tse ling tse khahlisang li hlahile liphethong tsa bona, tseo Alliance e sa li tlohelang (joalo ka ha re lebelletse. ). Litlhaloso tse 'maloa:

Litefiso tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile li ne li le tlase ho batho bao [banna] ba khethang ho kopanela liphate ho kopanela liphate ntle le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (22.3%) 'me ba eketseha haholo ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li khethoa ka ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano (78%).
... Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho se sebetse ka thobalano li tloaelehile har'a bacha.
...Banna bao ba neng ba sebelisa letsatsi le leng le le leng kapa ho feta ba ne ba e-na le Litefiso tsa ED ea 44% (12 / 27) ha li bapisoa le 22% (47 / 213) bakeng sa basebelisi ba bang ba "tloaelehileng" (≤5x / beke), ba fihlang bohlokoa ho tlhahlobo e sa tsitsang (p= 0.017). Ho ka 'na ha etsahala hore ebe molumo o phetha karolo e itseng.

Hape, joalokaha bangoli ba bolela,

...Tlhaloso e fanoang ea ho itšireletsa ha litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e bonahala e le ea bohlokoa 'me e thehiloe ho bafuputsi ba fapaneng ba sebetsang mme ha ba e-na le pokello e nyane ea bafuputsi ba ka' nang ba susumetsoa ke khethollo ea boitšoaro. Hape ho tšehetsa lehlakoreng le leng la "ho hanyetsa" la tlhōlisano ke litlaleho tsa banna ba tsosoloang ts'ebetsong ea thobalano e tloaelehileng ka mor'a ho khaotsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo.
...Ke lithuto feela tse tla ba teng tse tla tseba ho rarolla ka nepo potso ea ho baka kapa ho kopana, ho kenyelletsa lithuto tsa boits'oaro tse lekolang katleho ea ho ithiba ho phekoleng ED ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro.. Batho ba bang ba lumellang hore ho nahanoe ka ho khethehileng ho akarelletsa bacha. Ho 'nile ha e-ba le ts'ehetso e hlalosang hore ho pepesehela lipapali tsa thobalano ka nakoana ho ka ama tsoelo-pele ea tlhaho Tekanyo ea bacha ba pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro pele lilemo tsa 13 li nyolohile ka makhetlo a mararo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, 'me hona joale li pota-potile 50%.

Thuto e ka holimo e ile ea hlahisoa kopanong ea 2017 ea American Urological Association. Litemana tse 'maloa tse hlahang sehloohong sena ka eona - Thuto e bona kamano pakeng tsa bootsoa le ho se sebetse ka thobalano (2017):

Banna ba bacha ba ratang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate lefatšeng ka bophara ba ka 'na ba iphumana ba tšoeroe ke leraba, ba sitoang ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bang ha monyetla o hlaha, tlaleho e ncha ea ho ithuta. Banyalani-ba lemaletseng banna ba ka 'na ba hlaseloa ke ho se sebetse ha eretile' me ha ba khone ho khotsofatsoa ke thobalano., ho ea ka liphuputso tsa liphuputso tse hlahisitsoeng ka Labohlano kopanong ea selemo le selemo ea Mokhatlo oa Urological Association oa Amerika, Boston.
"Litefiso tsa lisosa tsa manyolo a erectile nakong ea sehlopha sena sa lilemo li fokotsehile haholo, ka hona keketseho ea ho se sebetse ha erectile eo re e boneng ho feta nako bakeng sa sehlopha sena e hloka ho hlalosoa," Christman o itse. "Re lumela hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ka 'na tsa e-ba karolo e le' ngoe ho puzzle".

Ka mor'a moo, "puisano e khuts'oane" (eseng thuto) eo bangoli ba thuto e kaholimo ba e fumaneng ba nyatsa ka mokhoa o hlakileng tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea lithaka tsa bona.

Landripet, I., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa tse amanang le mathata a ho kopanela liphate le mathata a mangata har'a banna ba bong bo fapaneng ba bong bo fapaneng Koranta ea thobalano, 12 (5), 1136-1139. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Alexander Štulhofer. Pele, rea hlokomela hore lithuto tsohle tsa Štulhofer ho bonahala ho tlaleha liphello tse fokolang kapa tse se nang thuso tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse fapaneng, ho fapana le ho senyeha ha liphuputso tse entsoeng ke bafuputsi ba bang ba bobebe (ba se nang molemo?). Landripet le Štulhofer, 2015 e ne e khethiloe e le "puisano e khutšoanyane" ea koranta eo e hlahang ho eona, mme bangoli ba babeli ba khethile dintlha tse itseng ho arolelana, ha ba tlohela dintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa. Koranta ena e boetse e hatisitse tlhaloso ea Landripet le Štulhofer: Tlhaloso ka: Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li Sebelisa Tse Amanang le Mathata a ho Kopanela Liphate le Mathata a ho Etsahala Har'a Batho ba Monyenyane ba Heterosexual? ke Gert Martin Hald, PhD

Ntlha ea pele, ha e bua ka seo Landripet le Štulhofer, 2015 ha e fumane likamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo le litlokotsi tsa thobalano. Sena ha se 'nete, joalokaha se ngotsoe ka bobeli ena YBOP e nyatsa 'me tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng ho rarolla lingaka tse 7 tsa Sesole sa Metsing sa US. Ea bobeli e ile ea bua Landripet le Štulhofer, 2015:

Leha ho le joalo, ho ipapisitse le lipalo-palo, bangoli ba fihlela qeto ea hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ha e bonahale e le kotsi e kholo ho ED ea bocha. Seo se bonahala se hlakile haholo, hobane banna ba Mapotoketsi bao ba ba hlahlobileng ba tlalehile likhahla tse tlase tsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano ha li bapisoa le MaNorway le MaCroatia, mme ke 40% feela ea Mapotoketsi a tlalehileng a sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete "ho tloha makhetlo a 'maloa ka beke ho isa letsatsi le leng le le leng", ha li bapisoa le MaNorway , 57%, le maCroatia, 59%.
Pampiri ena e nyatsitsoe semmuso ka ho hloleha ho sebelisa mefuta e felletseng e khonang ho kenyelletsa likamano tse otlolohileng le tse sa tobang lipakeng tsa mefuta e tsejoang kapa e nahanoang hore e mosebetsing [59]. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ka pampiri e amanang le bothata bo tebileng ba ho kopanela liphate bo etsoang ke barupeluoa ba bangata ba lipatlisiso ba tsoang Portugal, Croatia le Norway, banna bao ba botsoa hore na ke lintlha life tse ngata tseo ba lumelang hore li tlatsetsa bothateng ba bona ba ho se tsotelle. Har'a mabaka a mang, hoo e batlang e le 11% -22% e khethile "Ke sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo" 'me 16% -26% e khethile "Ke ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali"60]

Ea bobeli, mabapi le Croats, Landripet le Štulhofer, 2015 e lumela mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa lipapali pakeng tsa mekhoa e mengata ea ho kopanela liphate hangata le ED, empa e bolela hore boholo ba phello bo ne bo le nyenyane. Leha ho le joalo, tlhaloso ena e ka 'na ea khelosa ho ea ka MD eo e leng setsebi sa lipalo-palo ea litsebo' me o ngotse lithuto tse ngata:

Ho hlahlobisisa tsela e fapaneng (Chi Squared) ... tšebeliso e itekanetseng (ho bapisoa le tšebeliso e sa tloaelehang) ho ekelitse menyetla (monyetla oa) oa ho ba le ED ka hoo e ka bang 50% ho baahi ba Croatia. Seo se utloahala se le molemo ho 'na, le hoja e le thahasello ea hore se fumanoang se fumaneha feela har'a li Croats.

Ntlha ea boraro, ha ho e-na le mokhoa o khathatsang, pampiri ea Landripet le ea Štulhofer e ile ea siea likamano tse tharo tsa bohlokoa tseo mongoli-'moho le eena a li fuoeng seboka sa Europe:

(1) phapang e kholo pakeng tsa ho se sebetse ha eretile le "khetho ea mefuta e itseng ea bootsoa," e tloaelehileng har'a banna ba nang le PIED; le

(2 & 3) ho basali, ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e amahanngoa haholo le ho fokotseha ha phaello ea thobalano e arohaneng le ho se sebetse ho atileng ho basali.

E etsa hore re ipotse ka lipampiri tse ling tsa Stulhofer le seo e ka 'nang eaba se tlohile.

Klein, V., Jurin, T., Briken, P., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ho se sebetse ha Erectile, boithati, le bosodoma har'a banna ba kopaneng linaheng tse peli tsa Europe. Koranta ea thobalano, 12 (11), 2160-2167. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Alexander Štulhofer. Mohlala o mong oa ho senya lithuto tsa sebele tsa thuto. Ha e le hantle, lipatlisiso li tlalehile hore ho na le kamano e matla pakeng tsa ho se sebetse ha eretile le litekanyetso tsa bosodoma. Phuputso eo e ile ea tlosa dintlha tse amanang pakeng tsa tshebetso ea erectile le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa, empa e ile ea bontša ho lekana ho hoholo. Tlhaloso:

Har'a banna ba Macroatia le ba Majeremane, ho kopanela liphate ho ne ho amana haholo le ho hlaseloa ke bolutu ba ho kopanela liphate le mathata a mangata ka mosebetsi oa erectile.

Ho e-na le ho hanyetsa kamano pakeng tsa likotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate le ho lemalla boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate (bosodoma), thuto ena e fana ka ts'ehetso etsoe kamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le liketso tsa thobalano.

Thapelo, N., & Pfaus, J. (2015). Ho shebella thobalano e amanang le boikarabelo bo bongata ba thobalano, eseng erectile ho se sebetse. Meriana ea thobalano, 3 (2), 90-98. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Nicole Prause. Thapelo le Pfaus 2015 e ne e se thuto ho banna ba nang le ED. E ne e se thuto ho hang. Ho e-na le hoo, Prause o ile a re o bokelitse lintlha tse tsoang lithutong tsa hae tse 'nè tsa pejana, ha ho le e' ngoe ea tsona e buang ka ho se sebetse ha erectile. Hoa ferekanya hore pampiri ena ea Nicole Prause le Jim Pfaus e fetisitse tlhahlobo ea lithaka, kaha tlhaiso-leseling e fumanehang pampiring ea bona e ne e sa lumellane le tlhaiso-leseling lithutong tse 'ne tseo pampiri e reng e thehiloe ho tsona. Phapang ha se likheo tse nyane, empa ke mekoti e ke keng ea koaloa. Ntle le moo, pampiri e entse lipolelo tse 'maloa tse neng li le leshano kapa li sa tšehetsoe ke data ea bona - joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ho sena lengolo le eang ho koranta ea Richard A. Isenberg MD (2015) 'me tse peli tse pharaletseng li beha lihlooho: (1) Ha ho letho le kenyelletsoang thutong e nang le boits'oaro: Bacha ba lihlooho 'ED Lekhohlo le sa Tsejoeng (2015), (2) Ho senya karabelo ea Prause & Pfaus ho Richard A. Isenberg ("Red Herring: Hook, Line, le Stinker").

Lengolo la Dr. Isenberg le hlakisitse kakaretso ea Alliance: "VSS e sebelisa lihora tse ngata tse hlahlojoang e ke ke ea e-ba le tšusumetso e mpe khahlanong le thobalano, kaha likarabo li ne li le matla ho ba neng ba sheba VSS haholo. "

Haele hantle, Thapelo le Pfaus o ne a ke ke a bapisa lihlooho tse fapaneng tsa maemo a tsosang ha:

tharo fapaneng mefuta ea litakatso tsa botona le botšehali e sebelisitsoe thupong ea 4. Lithuto tse peli tse sebelisitsoeng filimi ea 3-thuto e 'ngoe li ile tsa sebelisa filimi ea bobeli ea 20,' me thuto e 'ngoe e ile ea sebelisa litšoantšo.
ke 1 feela ea lithuto tsa 4 tse ka sehloohong tse sebelisitsoeng ho sebelisa 1 ho isa ho 9 sekhahla (tekanyo e boleloang ke Prause). E 'ngoe e sebelisitse 0 ho 7 e lekaneng, e' ngoe e sebelisitse 1 ho 7, le thuto e le 'ngoe ha ea ka ea tlaleha likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate.

Ho feta moo, ka bobeli Prause le Pfaus ba buile ka bohata litabeng tsa lipuisano hore litlhaloso li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka laborateng, leha ho le joalo pampiri ea bona e boletse ka ho hlaka hore, "Ha ho litlaleho tsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali tsa lefutso tse kenyelletsoeng ho kenyelelitsoe ho tšehetsa phihlelo ea boithati ba banna"

Ka kakaretso, lihlooho tsohle tse hlahisoang ke Moemphera le lipolelo tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho tsosoa, kapa ntho efe kapa efe, e sa tšehetsoeng ke lipatlisiso tsa hae.

Sutton, KS, Stratton, N., Pytyck, J., Kolla, NJ, & Cantor, JM (2015). Plitšobotsi tse nang le mofuta oa phetisetso ea bosodoma: Tlhatlhobo ea litekanyo tse ngata tsa linyeoe tse 115 tse latellanang. Leqephe la thobalano le kalafo ea lenyalo, 41 (6), 563-580. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, James Cantor: Ho ithuta ka banna (karolelano ea lilemo tsa 41.5) le mathata a ts'oaetsano ea bosodoma, a kang ho hlaphoheloa kelellong le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali kapa bofebe. 27 e ne e hlalosoa e le "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali," ho bolelang hore ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa ba ho phomola lihora tse ngata ka letsatsi kapa ho feta lihora tsa 7 ka beke. 71% ea linokoane tsena tse hlephisang boitšoaro li tlalehile mathata a sebetsang ka thobalano, le 33% ho tlaleha ho lieha ho khaotsa ho kena (litlhaloso tse qotsitsoeng leqepheng lena).

Ke ho se sebetse hofe ho thobalano ho etsang 38% ea banna ba setseng? Liqeto tse ling tse peli tse ka sehloohong bakeng sa ho se sebetse ka thobalano ke banna ba ED le ba tlaase libido. Thuto ha e re, 'me bangoli ba hlokomolohile likōpo tsa lintlha. Ka ho tlōla molao-motheo o tloaelehileng, James Cantor o ile a bua ka lethathamo la thuto (Sexnet) hore a ke ke a lokolla liphuputso tsa sebele. Joalokaha u ka bona, ho fapana le ho hanyetsa kamano pakeng tsa ho senyeha ha thobalano le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo, thuto ena e fana ka tšehetso e matla haholo etsoe ho ba teng ha litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate.

De Graaf, H., & Wijsen, C. (2017). Seksuele gezondheid ka Nederland 2017. Bophelo bo botle ba thobalano Netherlands Netherlands 2017. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Hase pampiri e hlahlobisitsoeng ke lithaka ebile eseng ka Senyesemane. E ntle leka, Alliance.

Boikutlo ho Bona Basali Karolo

Moelelo / Boemo: Lipampiri tsa Alliance tse 6 li hlahisa khetho ea ciliegia: (1) sekhechana sa maikutlo, (2) ha se tšehetse merero ea bona, (3) ha e na thuso joalo ka lik'hasete tsa video tsa 1990, (4-6) ba sebelisa mekhoa e belaetsang ea "egalitarianism. ” E 'ngoe ea lithuto tseo tse nne e ile ea buisana le batho ba tlileng kopanong le AVN, ha ea bobeli e ntse e etsa lipatlisiso sehlopheng se senyenyane sa thuto ea kelello ka 1999. Ho bolela hore tse 3 ho tse 7 ke tsa litho tsa Alliance.

'Nete ke hore hoo e batlang e le thuto e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e shebisang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le egalitarianism (maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate) e tlalehile hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amahanngoa le boikutlo ka basali bao ka bobeli ba lokolohileng le ba nang le boiketlo ba nang le bothata bo tebileng. The Alliance e ile ea tlohela thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe lenaneng lena la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 40 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa "maikutlo a sa lokelang" ho basali le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate? The Alliance e ile ea tlohela lintlha tsohle tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso kapa ho hlahloba lingoliloeng tse buang ka taba ena, tse kang tlhahlobo ea 2016 ea lithuto tsa 135: Mecha ea phatlalatso le ho kopanela liphate: Puso ea Boipheliso ba Puso, 1995-2015. Tlhaloso:

Sepheo sa tlhahlobo ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa ho kopanela liphate mecheng ea litaba. Sepheo se ne se lebisitsoe ho lipatlisiso tse hatisitsoeng litabeng tsa lipuo tsa Senyesemane pakeng tsa 1995 le 2015. Kakaretso ea lingoliloeng tsa 109 tse nang le lithuto tsa 135 li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Liphuputso li fane ka bopaki bo tsitsitseng ba hore bohlasoa ba laboratori le kakaretso ea letsatsi le leng le le leng ho likahare tsena li amana ka ho toba le liphello tse ngata, ho kenyelletsa le maemo a phahameng a ho se khotsofale ha 'mele, gho ts'ehetsa boithati, ts'ehetso e kholo ea litumelo tsa thobalano le litumelo tsa thobalano, le ho mamella ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano ho basali. Ho feta moo, tlhahiso ea liteko ho tsena li lebisa basali le banna ho ba le maikutlo a fokolang a bokhoni ba basali, boitšoaro le botho.

Alliance e boetse e tlohetse tlhahlobo ena ea lingoliloeng tsena: Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boikutlo bo tšehetsang tlhekefetso khahlanong le basali: Ho tsosolosa kamano ea likamano tse sa tšoaneng (2010) - Ntho e hlahang:

Ho ile ha etsoa lipatlisiso tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ho fumana hore na lithuto tsa batho ba sa tsebeng letho li senola kamano pakeng tsa lithethefatsi tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le maikutlo a bona a tšehetsang pefo khahlanong le basali. Tlhaloso ea litlhahlobo e lokisa mathata ka mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa meta le ho eketsa liphuputso tsa moraorao. Ho fapana le tlhahlobo ea meta ea pele, liphello tsa morao-rao li bontšitse botsoalle bo akaretsang bo botle pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le maikutlo a tšehetsang pefo khahlanong le basali ka lithuto tse sa lekanyetsoang. Ho phaella moo, boikutlo bo joalo bo fumanoe bo lumellana haholo le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse mabifi ka ho kopanela liphate ho e-na le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa hlabangy, le hoja kamano ea ho qetela e ne e boetse e fumanoa e le ea bohlokoa.

Selekane se tlohetse tlhahlobo ena ea litlhahlobo - Menehelo ea Mesebetsi e Kopanetsoeng ea ho Kopanela liphate Mecheng ea Boikhohomoso, Litloaelo tsa Lithaka, le Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali: Tlhahlobo ea Meta (2019) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ka kakaretso, litlhahlobo tsena li bontša likamano tse tsitsitseng le tse tiileng pakeng tsa mecha ea phatlalatso le boikutlo ba thobalano le boitšoaro bo kenyang mehato e mengata ea liphello le mecha e mengata ea litaba. Mecha ea phatlalatso e bontša boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate e le e atileng haholo, ea boikhathollo le e sa nang kotsi kotsing [3], 'me litlhahlobo tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho etsa liqeto tsa ho kopanela liphate ho ka bōptjoa, ka karolo e itseng, ka ho sheba mefuta ena ea litšoantšo. Liphuputso tsa rona li fapane ka mokhoa o fapaneng le li-meta-analysis tse fetileng, tse ileng tsa fana ka maikutlo a hore tšusumetso ea mecha ea litaba tsa thobalano e ne e le nyenyane kapa e sa fumanehe [4]. Meta-analysis e fetileng e sebelisitsoe ka boholo ba 38 mme ea fumana hore "mecha ea litaba" e fokolang e ne e fapane haholo le ea boitšoaro bo bobe (r = .08), athe metaanalysis ea hona joale e sebelisoa ho feta nako ea 10 boholo ba boholo ba matla (n = 394) mme o fumane phello e ka bang habeli ka boholo (r = .14).

Alliance e bonahala e sa lumellane le litlhaloso le litlhaloso tsa meta, tse leng tekanyo ea khauta ea botšepehi bo ka tšeptjoang ka ntle ho bubble ea bona.

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Jackson, CA, Baldwin, A., Brents, BG, & Maginn, PJ (2019). EXPO ho ba Mens Sekhahla Boikutlo ba Boikutlo bo kang Boholo ba Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa. Lipuisano tsa sechaba. doi: 10.1111 / socf.12506 Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Ka tumellano? Ha u botsoa lipotso ka "li-superfans" tse neng li e-ea sebakeng sa boithabiso ba batho ba baholo ba AVN li fetile tlhahlobo ea lithaka? Ke eng se latelang, ho buisana le bareki ba bareki ho bona hore na ba rata biri? Leha e ka nkoa ka botebo, thuto ha e re bolelle letho ka litlamorao tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ha e sa lumellane le tšebeliso ea thobalano le mekhoa e mene. Khahlano le kakaretso ea Alliance, litekanyetso tse patisaneng tse sebelisitsoeng ho lekola "likarolo tsa bong," eseng maikutlo a bong ka bong kapa a boitšoaro bo bobe. Mohlala, Harvey Weinstein o ne a tla ba maemong a holimo haholo ho litlhahlobo tsa bona tsa karolo ea bong. Mohlala o fetisisang, moloi e mong le e mong ea batlang “mahata” a hae molemong oa hae a ka lumela, empa seo ha se bolele hore ke eena ea entseng lintho tse mpe haholo.

Joalo ka lithuto tsa Taylor Kohut tse boletsoeng mona, ho bonolo ho bona hore palo ea batho ba bolumeli / ba mekhoa e metle e ka ba hantle tlaase ho feta baahi ba lefatše / ba bolokolohi (ba nang le phihlelo ea AVN) ka mekhoa ena e khethiloeng ka hloko. Mona ke senotlolo: baahi ba lefatše, ba atisang ho ba le bolokolohi bo eketsehileng, ba na le litefiso tse phahameng haholo tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le tsa batho ba bolumeli. (ka ho hlakileng, bohle ba nang le boiphihlelo ba AVN thutong ena ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa). Ka ho khetha litekanyetso tse itseng le ho hlokomoloha mefuta e meng e mengata e sa lekanyetsoang, Jackson et al. o ne a tseba balateli ba litšoantšo ba ts'oanang le bootsoa ba tla phahamisa ka mokhoa o phahameng oa "egalitarianism."

McKee, A. (2005). Ho hanyetswa ha basali litšoantšong tse ngata tsa bootsoa Australia. Lenaneo la Phuputso ea ho Kopanela Liphate, 42 (4), 277-290. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Alan Mckee, setho sa Alliance. Phuputso ee e etsang moo? Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko, kaha pampiri ena ha e amane le liphello tsa bootsoa ho maikutlo a bashebelli ho basali. Phuputso e ipehetse mehopolong ea Alan McKee mabapi le khanyetso e fumanoang lifiliming tsa bootsoa tsa Australia ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1990. Le ha e sa ame taba ea sehlooho sena se boletsoeng, "liphetho" tsa McKee li fapane hole le lithuto tse ling kaofela. Bona file ea Karolo ea Mamello ka tlaase moo, moo ba Deniers ba kenyelletsang lithuto tse tšoanang, tse sa lokelang, tseo re li sebetsanang (le ho fana ka seo ba neng ba se lahla).

Barak, A., Fisher, WA, Belfry, S., & Lashambe, DR (1999). Sex, bashanyana, le marang-rang: Litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete le phapang pakeng tsa maikutlo a banna ka basali. Leqephe la Psychology le Thobalano ea Botho, 11 (1), 63-91. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance William Fisher (Taylor Kohut o sebetsa tlas'a hae). Liphetho tsa pejana ke sampole e nyane eo e seng moemeli oa baithuti ba psychology ba ithutang ho Fisher kapa bana ba hae ba tlase. Hobaneng ha lithuto tsa Fisher le Kohut li sa fetohe molaong oa "ho senyeha ha bopaki"?

Kohut, T., Baer, JL, & Watts, B. (2016). Na litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ke "ho hloea basali"? Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li na le boikutlo bo bongata bo bong ba tekano ho feta ba sa sebeliseng mehlala ea moemeli oa moemeli oa Amerika. Journal of Sex Research, 53 (1), 1-11. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Taylor Kohut (William Fisher ke mookameli oa hae). Nicole Prause o tweeted thuto ena ea Kohut bonyane linako tsa 50, ha a ntse a RealYBOP e tweeted ka linako tse 3 bekeng e fetileng! Ha ho akhae kapa li-tweets tse ithutoang kapa tsa litlhahlobo tse boletsoeng ka kenyelletso. Kohut o entse moralo joang ho hlahisa liphetho tse hanyetsanoang ke hoo e batlang e le tse ling tsohle tse hatisitsoeng? Ka ho khetha ka hloko litekanyetso bakeng sa "ho lekana" e le hore palo ea bolumeli e fokotsehe haholo ho feta baahi ba lefatše. E-re ke hlalose.

Kohut e entsoe egalitarianism as: (1) Ts'ehetso ea ho ntša mpa, (2) Boitsebiso ba basali, (3) Basali ba maemong a borena, (4) Tumelo ea hore bophelo ba lelapa boa sotleha ha mosali a sebetsa mosebetsi oa nako eohle, 'me ka mokhoa o makatsang (5) Ho tšoara tse ling maikutlo a mabe ka lelapa la moetlo. Ho sa tsotelehe seo u se lumelang ka seqo, ho bonolo ho bona hore batho ba bolumeli ba tla fumana hole haholo tlaase ka Taylor Kohut's 5-karolo ea "egalitarianism" tlhahlobo.

Mona ke senotlolo: baahi ba lefatše, ba atisang ho ba le bolokolohi bo eketsehileng, ba na le litefiso tse phahameng haholo tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le tsa batho ba bolumeli. Ka ho khetha mekhoa ena ea 5 le ho hlokomoloha mefuta e meng e mengata e mengata, Taylor Kohut o ne a tseba hore o tla qetella a sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho feta litabeng tsa lefatše) ho amanang le thuto ea hae e khethiloeng ka hloko e leng "egalitarianism"(Tlaase ho batho ba bolumeli). Ka nako eo Kohut o ile a khetha sehlooho se neng se se senya kaofela. Hape sheba tlhaloso ea 2015 ka Lipotso tsa Basali, ka Jon Mix: Phuputso e ncha e bolela hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo ba ts'oaetso ba na le 'boikutlo bo lekanang' - ho joalo?

Kohut's websaeteng e ncha le ba hae leka ho lefella chelete e fana ka maikutlo a hore a ka 'na a ba le lenaneo. Boikarabello ba Kohut bo senoloa ka morao tjena ho ngotsoe Komiti e Phelang ea Bophelo mabapi le Motion M-47 (Canada). Ka Kohut e khutšoanyane le li-coauthors li na le molato oa ho khetholla li-cherry liphuputso tse fokolang ha li ntse li sotha boemo ba hona joale ba lipatlisiso ka liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tlhaloso ea bona e fosahetseng le e nyefolang ea lithuto tsa kelello tse phatlalalitsoeng ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha e pelaelo hore na ba rata eng.

Wright, PJ, & Tokunaga, RS (2018). Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, tokoloho ea thobalano, le ts'ehetso ea ho ntša mpa United States: Liphetho tse akaretsang li tsoa lipatlisisong tse peli tsa naha. Psychology ea Media, 21 (1), 75-92. Tlhaloso e feletseng

Tlhahlobo: Tumellanong le lipampiri tse ka holimo, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e bolela esale pele tšehetso ea ho ntša mpa. Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe, sena ke hobane baahi ba naha / ba bolokolohi ba na le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta batho ba bolumeli / ba bolokileng. Kopano e lebeletsoeng.

Attwood, F., & Smith, C. (2010). Ho tšoenyeha ho hoholo: Ho laola 'litšoantšo tse kotsi' United Kingdom. Journal ea Molao le Mokhatlo, 37 (1), 171-188. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Ha ho na data, empa ho kenyelletsoa ha eona ho fana ka leseli la tšehetso ea Alliance ea indasteri ea bootsoa. Leqheka lena la lilemo tse 9 le hlophisitsoeng ke bahlophisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Litlhahiso tsa bootsoa, e khahlanong le molao oa UK oa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba bootsoa bo tlotlisang pefo ea thobalano.

Tlhophiso ea Karolo

Moelelo / Boemo: Morero oa Alliance e ne e le ho thathamisa sehlopha sena se fapaneng sa lipampiri ke khopolo ea mang kapa mang. Rea tseba hore ka 2016 Mofetoli o ile oa leka ho hlama ka tlas'a sona Winters et al. pampiri e le ho paka hore "li-hypersexual" li na le taolo e ntle ho litakatso ha li ntse li shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha e le hantle, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Winters ba ne ba tloaetse (ho boreha) ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. Phetoho ena le ts'ehetsang mokhoa oa ho lemala, kaha o fana ka maikutlo a ho mamella kapa tloaelo, joalo ka tsena Lipatlisiso tsa 40 tsa litlaleho tsa tlaleho li lumellana le ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho mamella), tloaelo ea ho kopanela liphate, esita le matšoao a ho tlohela (matšoao le matšoao a amanang le ho lemala).

Nakong e fetileng litlhaloso Prause le ba bang ba latolang ba thetsitse ka bohata hore ha ho na thuto e tlalehileng "ho thata ho laola litakatso" kapa "ho se khone ho laola ts'ebeliso le ha ho na le litlamorao". Ena ke leshano le totobetseng, joalo ka lipotso tse ngata tsa lipotso tsa bootsoa le thobalano e thathamisitsoeng ka ho hlalositsoe ha setšoantšo sena sa Prause ho hlahlojoa hore na lihlooho li na le bothata ba ho laola litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa kapa boitšoaro ba thobalano. Tlhaloso ena ea boikhohomoso e ts'oaroa ke liphuputso tse makholo tse hlahlobang ho hlahloba boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate, boholo ba tsona bo sebelisitseng mokhoa o le mong kapa tse ling tse latelang tsa lithethefatsi tsa thobalano le tsa thobalano. Ntho e ka sehloohong ea ts'oaetso ke "ho tsoela pele ho sebelisoa ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe." Ke ka lebaka leo lipotso tsa lipotso kaofela li botsitsoeng ka liphello tse mpe tse amanang le CSB (li-link li ea ho liithuti tsa Google):

Ho fapana le lipampiri tse latelang tsa Alliance (tse sa hlahlobeng "molao oa tsamaiso" oa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro), lithuto tse fanoeng ke Deniers ha e le hantle li hlahlobile karolo ea ho ikemela ka ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo. E 'ngoe ea lithuto tsena: Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng Sebelisa: Puisano ea Mecha ea Phatlalatso (2015). Ho tloha ka kenyelletso ea thuto:

Boitšoaro bo haelloang bo hlalosoa e le boemo boo ho bona boits'oaro bo fokotsehang (LaRose & Eastin, 2004, leq. 363) mme batho ka bomong ha ba sa khona ho ahlola liketso tsa bona le ho sebetsana le litlamorao tse ka bang teng. Tloaelo ea ts'ebeliso ea media e ka lebisa ho itlhophiseng ha boits'oaro ha mehato ea boits'oaro le boits'oaro ea boitaolo e hloleha. Ka tloaelo, bokhoni ba ho lemoha le ho shebella boitšoaro ba motho boa fokola, athe ha ho na le boits'oaro bo fokolang bokhoni ba ho laola kapa ho khaotsa boitšoaro bo fokola.

Ho tloha karolong ea puisano:

Phuputsong ena, re ile ra leka ho hlalosa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng ka mokhoa oa ho ba teng ha mecha ea phatlalatso. Mohlala oa rona o atleha ho tiisa moralo oa ho ba teng ha mecha ea mecha ea litaba ea ts'ebetso ea mecha ea litaba ho hlahloba liphello tsa ho itšepa ho se nang boits'oaro le matla a tloaelo le litlhoko tsa sechaba tse susumelletsang batho ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, tse ka fella ka liphello tse mpe tsa bophelo. Liphello li tšehetsa sebopeho sa mohlala 'me se khutlisetsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa lipolelo tsa 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, le 7: Ho na le liphello tse mpe tsa boitšoaro bo boletsoeng esale pele tse hlahang ka ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng; ho hloka boitšoaro bo bobe bo bile bo bolela esale pele hore ho tla sebelisoa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng;; matla a tloaelo a ne a boleloa ka ho sebelisoa; litlhoko tsa setjhaba tsa ts'ebetsong; ho hloka molao ho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tsa sechaba; le litlhoko tsa setjhaba tsa liphello tse mpe.
Joalokaha ho boletsoe esale pele, ho hloka boitšoaro bo bobe ho fumanoe hore bo amana hantle le liphello tse mpe. Ho hloka molao ho itšireletsa ho hlaha ka lebaka la ho hlōleha ha maikutlo le mehato ea kahlolo ea boithati. Batho ba shebellang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le tsebo ea boipheliso ba sa itekanetseng ba ka 'na ba tsoela pele ho itšoara pele ho fihlela merero e itseng e finyelloa ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe.

Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lithuto tse latelang tsa Alliance e tšehetsang polelo ea Prause e potileng "e sa hlalosoang hantle"molao oa tsamaiso“. Haeba bahanyetsi ba leka ho bua leshano "ho sitoa ho laola boitšoaro ba thobalano ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe”Sekepe seo se tsamaile ka sekepe.

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Bacha, J., Christoff, K., & Gorzalka, BB (2009). Tlhophiso ea tlhokomelo ea thobalano e tsositseng banna. Lenaneo la Phuputso ea ho Kopanela Liphate, 46 (4), 330-343. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Jason Winters. Joalo ka lipampiri tse fetileng tsa litho tsa Alliance, liphetho le lingoliloeng tse amanang le tsona li hlophisitsoe ho fihlela ajenda. Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho bona hore na banna ba ka fokotsa boits'oaro ba bona ba thobalano ha ba ntse ba shebelletse lifilimi tsa thobalano. Lintho tsa bohlokoa tse fumanoeng: banna ba hloahloa ho hatelleng tsoho ea thobalano le bona ba ne ba le betere ho itšeha. Banna ba neng ba sa atleha haholo ho hatelleng tsoho ea thobalano ka kakaretso ba ne ba le bohale ho feta ba bang kaofela. Liphuputso tsena ha li na kamano le "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" a "sitoa ho laola ts'ebeliso le ha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe," e leng tlhaloso ea "taolo"

Bothata bo boholo: Joang setho se seng sa Alliance selekane sa Štulhofer e hlalositse, thuto ea Winters e ne e fosahetse kaha e ne e sebelisitse thobalano ea ho kopanela liphate (SCS):

Sena se fapana ka ho hlaka le sephetho sa Winters et al. Mabapi le ho ba le takatso e matla pakeng tsa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate [5]. Tlhaloso e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng bakeng sa liphuputso tse sa tsejoeng ke mehato e fapaneng e sebelisetsoang ho bontša bosodoma ho liphuputso tse peli. Ka mohlala, thuputsong ea hona joale, liphello tse bohloko tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka lethathamong le tebileng haholoanyane. Ho feta moo, Winters et al. ba sebelisitse ho lekaneng ka ho kopanela liphate [36], e 'nileng ea khothalletsoa hore e fapane ka katleho pakeng tsa ho qobella ho kopanela liphate le ho pepeseha liphihlelo tsa thobalano le liteko [4,37].

Ho phaella moo, tekano ea ho kopanela liphate e le tekanyetso e nepahetseng bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa kapa tsa basali. E bōpiloe ka 1995 mme e entsoe ka thobalano e sa laoleheng likamano ka kelello (mabapi le ho batlisisa seoa sa AIDS). The SCS e re:

"Na tekanyo e 'nile ea etsoa [e bontšitsoe?] Ho bolela esale pele litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, lipalo tsa balekane ba thobalano, tloaelo ea mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea thobalano, le litlaleho tsa maloetse a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano."

Ho feta moo, moqapi oa SCS o lemosa hore sesebelisoa sena se ke ke sa bontša hore ke psychopathology ho basali,

"Litloaelano pakeng tsa likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate le likarolo tse ling tsa mafu a kelello li bontša mekhoa e fapaneng bakeng sa banna le basali; ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho ne ho amahanngoa le li-index tsa psychopathology ho banna empa eseng ho basali. "

Ntle le moo, Winters e ile ea hloleha ho tseba hore na ke barupeluoa bafe bao e neng e le "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa", ka hona e ke ke ea re joetsa letho ka ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa. Ntlha ea bohlokoa: Tlhaloso ena eohle ea "molao-motheo" e itšetlehile ka boprofeta bo sa tšehetsoeng ba hore "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa" li lokela ho ba le tsona ho tsosa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa li-vanilla tsa litšoantšo, le joalo matla a seng makae a ho laola tsoho ea bona. Leha ho le joalo, ho bolela esale pele hore basebelisi ba boikhathollo ba litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro kapa ba lemalloang ke phihlelo ea ho tsosa litšoantšo tsa vanilla le takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate ka makhetlo-khetlo ba fositsoe ke mefuta e mengata ea lipatlisiso:

Lipatlisiso tsa 35 ho kopanela liphate ho sebelisa ho fokotsa ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali kapa ho kopanela liphate le balekane ba thobalano.
Liphuputso tsa 25 ho bua leshano la hore thobalano le makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "a na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano".
Ka holimo ho lithuto tsa 70 tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano le kamano.

Leha ho le joalo, ke hobane'ng ha Alliance e nahana hore ba lemalloang ke bootsoa ba lokela ho ba le "tsoho e phahameng" ha Prause et al., 2015 ba tlaleha hore basebelisi ba bangata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba le joalo Nyane boko bo sebetsang ho vanilla ho feta ho laola? Ka lebaka la palo e phahameng ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo ba ts'oanang le litlaleho tsa boitšoaro bo bobe, ba arabelang ho ba le boitsebiso bo feteletseng, ho ba bonolo ho arabela litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ha ho makatse. Ha e le hantle, liphuputso tsa Prause et al. 2015 lumellana le Kühn le Gallinat (2014), e leng ho fumanoang hore litšoantšo tse ling tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso li tsamaisana le Nyane ts'ebetso ea boko ka ho arabela litšoantšo tsa li-pornography tsa vanilla, le ka Banca et al. 2015, e fumanoang ka mokhoa o potlakileng ho litšoantšo tsa thobalano litlamong tsa bootsoa.

Hape, ho tloaelehile hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ba be le mamello, e leng tlhoko ea ho hlasimoloha ho hoholo ho fihlela boemo bo ts'oanang ba tsoho. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Vanilla li ka tena ha karabelo ea boko boithabisong e fokotseha. Ketsahalo e ts'oanang e etsahala ho batho ba sebelisang hampe lithethefatsi ba hlokang "li-hits" tse kholo ho fihlela maemo a holimo. Le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, hangata ho ba le tšusumetso e kholo ka ho fetela mefuteng e mecha kapa e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. A phuputso ea moraorao e fumanoeng hore ho eketseha ho joalo ho atile haholo ho basebelisi ba kajeno ba inthanete ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. 49% ea banna bao ho buisanoeng le bona ba ne ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse reng "e ne e sa thahasellise ho bona pele kapa hore e ne e nkoa e nyonyeha. "

Creswell, JD, Pacilio, LE, Denson, TF, & Satyshur, M. (2013). Tho na le phello ea ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea thobalano ea thobalano ho likarabo tsa cortisol ho khatello ea kelello ho banna. Meriana ea Psychosomatic, 75 (4), 397-403. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Pampiri ena ha e amane ka letho le "taolo", kapa litlamorao tsa porno ho sebali. Leha ho le joalo, e ne e hlahisa liphuputso tse khahlisang mme e hlalositsoe ka nepo ke Alliance. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fokotsitse cortisol (ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo) le ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng tlhahlobong ea lipalo. Le ha e sa ame taba ena (kapa efe kapa efe) sehlooho sa karolo ea Alliance, kenyelletso ea eona e hloka ho beoa maemong.

Ea pele, bangoli ba re ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke "moputso o moholo". Nicole Prause o bolela ka ho sa feleng hore ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila ke eseng moputso o ka sehloohong, le seo ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali ho tšoana le ho shebella bana ba bapalang. Ha ho makatse hore ebe thuto ena e otla likoti ka mantsoe a Prause.

Ntlha ea bobeli, lithuto tse ling tse ngata moo lihlooho li iphobalang ha ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li hlahisa liphello tse fapaneng tsa li-hormone ho feta pampiri ena ea lipere. Mehlala e 'maloa feela: Study1, Study2, Study3, Study4, Study5.

Ntlha ea boraro, le hoja ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello ka nakoana, e ka 'nang ea etsa hore ho be le litekanyetso tse ntlafatsang tlhahlobo ea lipalo, lipatlisiso tse ling tse ngata li tlaleha liphello tse sa utloiseng le tsa thuto tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ka nako ea pele le ea bohlokoa, nako e telele):

1) Ho ipapisa le thobalano ea ho kopanela liphate ho etsa hore ho be le likhallelo tse kholoanyane tse lebisang tlhokomelong e eketsehileng ha ho e-na le litlokotsi tsa Cyber har'a banna (2017) - Liphuputsong tse peli tse pepeselitsoeng litakatso tsa thobalano li hlahisitse: 1) theolelo e liehang ho feta (ho se khone ho liehisa khotsofalo), 2) tšekamelo e kholo ea ho etsa botlokotsebe ba cyber, 3) tšekamelo e kholo ea ho reka thepa ea bohata le ho qhekella akhaonto ea motho e mong ea Facebook. Ho bokella sena ho bonts'a hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e eketsa ho se ts'oenyehe ebile e ka fokotsa mesebetsi e meng ea taolo (boits'oaro, kahlolo, ho bona esale pele litlamorao, ho laola maikutlo). Tlhaloso:

Liphuputso tsena li fana ka temohisiso ka leano la ho fokotsa karolo ea banna ho ts'oaetso ea cyber; ke hore, ka ho shebana le ho ts'oaetsanoa ka thobalano le ts'ehetso ea ho fokotsa ho khotsofatsa. Liphetho tsa morao-rao li bontša hore ho fumaneha ha maemo a ho kopanela liphate ka marang-rang ho ka ba le kamano e haufi haholo le boitšoaro ba banna ba ho tlōla tekano ho feta kamoo ho neng ho nahanoa kateng pele.

2) Tlhōlisano Hamorao Meputso ea Thabo ea Hona Joale: Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li Sebelisoa 'me li lieha ho Fela (2015) - Ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tseo barupeluoa ba li jang, ha ba khone ho lieha ho khotsofatsa. Phuputso ena e ikhethang e boetse e na le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa libeke tsa 3 Phuputso eo e fumane hore mokhoa o tsoelang pele oa ho sebelisa litšoantšo ke oa ho etsa joalo ho amana le ho se khone ho lieha ho khotsofatsa (hlokomela hore ho khona ho lieha ho ts'oanela ho khotsofatsa ke mosebetsi oa prefrontal cortex). Ntho e qaqileng ea thuto ea pele (lilemong tsa bobeli ba lilemo tsa 20) tse amanang le 'litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa lintlha tsa tsona mosebetsing oa ho ikhotsofatsa o liehang:

Ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo barupeluoa ba li jang, ba bona meputso ea nako e tlang e le ea bohlokoa bo tlase ho feta meputso ea hanghang, leha meputso ea nako e tlang e ne e le bohlokoa ho feta …… Liphello tsena li bontša hore ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea ho khotsofatsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho amana le ho lieha ho fokotseha ha nako e ntse e feta.

3) Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho amahanngoa le ho fokotseha ha maikutlo a ts'ebetsong ea ho bapala papali ea chelete (2018) - Excerpt:

Batho ba lokela ho hlokomela hore ho tsosoa ha thobalano ho ka fokotsa tlhokomelo ea bona le kutloisiso ea 'mele ho lahleheloa ke chelete. Ka mantsoe a mang, batho ba lokela ho ela hloko ho lahleheloa ke chelete le ho fumana liqeto tsa lichelete ha ba tsosoa ka thobalano.

4) Na k'homphieutha e sebelisoa lapeng ha e bapisoa le ts'ebetso ea lipalo sekolong? (2008) - Excerpt:

Hape, bokhoni ba litsebo tsa liithuti bo ne bo amana hantle le ho fihleloa ha bona ka lipalo. Qetellong, ho shebella thelevishene ho ne ho e-na le kamano e mpe le ts'ebetso ea liithuti Haholo-holo, ho shebella ho tšosoa, ketso, kapa Lifilimi tsa bootsoa li ne li amahanngoa le litekanyetso tse tlaase tsa tlhahlobo.

5) Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tse litšila ho sitisa mosebetsi oa ho boloka mohopolo (2013) - Bo-rasaense ba Jeremane ba fumane hore marang-rang a Inthanete a ka fokotsa mohopolo oa ho sebetsa. Tekong ena ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, batho ba nang le bophelo bo botle ba 28 ba ile ba etsa mesebetsi ea ho hopola lintho ba sebelisa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa litšoantšo tsa 4, e 'ngoe ea tsona e ne e le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Barupeluoa ba ile ba lekanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mabapi le ho tsosoa ha thobalano le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali pele ho, le ka morao, pontšo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore ho hopola mohopolo ho ne ho le mpe ka ho fetisisa nakong ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le hore ho tsoha ho hoholo ho ile ha eketsa lerotholi. Tlhaloso:

Litholoana li tlatsetsa ponong ea hore lits'oants'o tsa ts'oaetso ea thobalano li bakoa ke Ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho sitisa mosebetsi oa ho hopola. Liphuputso li tšohloa tabeng ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete hobane ho hopola mohopolo ho bakoa ke lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi ho tsejoa haholo ho tsoa mekhatlong ea lithethefatsi

6) Likamano tsa ho kopanya litšoantšo tsa thobalano le ho etsa liqeto ka tlas'a ho se utloisise (2013)- Thuto e fumane hore ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho sitisa ho etsa liqeto nakong ea tlhahlobo ea boemo bo botle ba tsebo. Sena se bontša hore tšebeliso ea bootsoa e ka 'na ea ama ts'ebetso ea bolaoli, e leng setsebi sa tsebo ea kelello e thusang ho finyella lipakane. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Mosebetsi oa ho etsa liqeto o ne o le bobebe ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano li ne li amahanngoa le likarolo tse mpe tsa karete ha li bapisoa le ts'ebetso ea ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano li ne li amahanngoa le mekhoa e metle. Ho tsosoa ka thobalano ka thobalano ho fokotsa kamano pakeng tsa boemo ba mosebetsi le ts'ebetso ea ho etsa liqeto.Phuputso ena e hatisitse hore ho tsosoa ha thobalano ho sitisa ho etsa liqeto, e leng se ka hlalosang hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba bang ba e-ba le liphello tse mpe maemong a ho sebelisa li-cybersex.

7) Arousal, ho sebetsa bokhoni ba ho hopola, le ho etsa liqeto tsa thobalano ho banna (2014)- Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Phuputso ena e ile ea hlahloba hore na matla a ho sebetsa mohopolo (WMC) a lekanyelitse kamano pakeng tsa ho tsosoa ha maikutlo le ho etsa liqeto tsa thobalano. Palo ea banna ba 59 e ne e nkoa e le litšoantšo tsa 20 le tsa 20 tseo e seng tsa boiketlo ba ho kopana ha batho ba bong bo fapaneng ha mekhoa ea bona ea tsoho ea bophelo e tlalehiloe ka ho arabela ha letlalo. Barupeluoa ba ile ba boela ba qeta tlhahlobo ea WMC le mosebetsi oa khale oa ho betoa oo ba neng ba lokela ho o tseba hore na banna ba bangata ba Australia ba tla khaotsa ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano ka lebaka la ho hanyetsoa ka mantsoe kapa ka 'mele kapa molekane oa basali.
Barupeluoa ba ileng ba tsosoa haholoanyane 'meleng le ho qeta nako e telele ba shebile litšoantšo tse sa lumellaneng tsa thobalano tse khethiloeng haholo hamorao ho emisa lintlha tsa mosebetsi oa analogue oa peto ea letsatsi. Tumellanong le se boletsoeng esale pele, kamano lipakeng tsa tsoho ea mmele le sebaka se emisitsoeng sa ho emisa e ne e le matla ho feta bakeng sa bankakarolo ba nang le maemo a tlase a WMC. Bakeng sa barupeluoa ba nang le WMC e phahameng, ho tsosoa ha 'mele ho ne ho sa amane le sebaka se khethiloeng sa ho emisa. Kahoo, bokhoni ba ts'ebetso ea phethahatso (le WMC ka ho khetheha) bo bonahala bo bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lekanyeng liqeto tsa banna mabapi le boits'oaro bo mabifi.

8) Bacha ba pele ba lilemong tsa bocha ba hlahella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng: Likamano tsa ho phatlalatsa nako ea nako, boikutlo ba maikutlo le boithuto ba thuto (2015)- Thuto ena e sa tloaelehang ea nako e telele (ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng) e fana ka maikutlo a hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse fokolang li fokotseha mosebetsing. Tlhaloso:

Ho feta moo, tšebeliso e eketsehileng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete e ile ea fokotsa bashanyana hore ba ithute ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng hamorao.

9) Ho khomarela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Ho hlokomoloha kapa ho hlokomoloha maemo a ts'oaetsano ea litaba tsa thobalano ka lebaka la maemo a mangata a amanang le lithethefatsi ho amana le matšoao a ts'oaetso ea ho kopanela liphate le ba bang ba libanese (2015) - Batho ba nang le tšekamelo e phahameng ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ba etsa lintho tse ling hampe tsa mesebetsi ea tsamaiso (e leng tlas'a maemo a tsamaiso ea prefrontal cortex). Litlhaloso tse 'maloa:

Re ile ra batlisisa hore na tloaelo ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano e amahanngoa le mathata a ho laola tsela ea ho tseba hore na boemo bo hokae bo akarelletsang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Re ne re sebelisa lipatlisiso tse ngata tseo barupeluoa ba neng ba e-na le sepheo se hlakileng sa ho sebetsa ka tekanyo e lekanang ho se nke lehlakore le boitsebiso ba bootsoa. Re fumane hore barupeluoa ba tlalehang mekhoa e metle ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano ba ile ba fokotseha haholo ho feta pakane ena

10) Liphello tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa ho Liithuti Tsa Sekolo se phahameng, Ghana (2016) - Selelekela:

Phuputso eo e senoletse hore boholo ba liithuti li lumeletse ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa pele. Ho feta moo, ho ile ha hlokomeloa hore bongata ba bona bo lumeletse hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ama litlhoko tsa barutoana hampe ...

11) Kakaretso le nako ea ho sebelisa, ho lakatsa le maikutlo a fosahetseng ka bothata ba ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng (2019)- Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ka mohlala oa liithuti tse fetang 1,000 tsa k'holejeng tsa Senyesemane, re ile ra leka tlhahiso ea hore takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tla sebetsa ka litekanyo tse ngata le tse ngata tsa tšebeliso ea li-OSA tse lebisang ho sebelisoang ke lits'ebeletso tsa li-OSA, le tjoale ka nako eo o ne a tla lebisa maikutlong a sa rateheng a thuto. Mohlala oa rona o ne o tšehetsoa haholo.
Liphello li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tse lakatsehang, litlhoko tse eketsehileng le makhetlo a mangata a li-OSA, le maikutlo a mangata a thuto a sa rateheng a ne a amahanngoa le li-OSA tse bakang mathata. Liphello li ts'oana le tsa liphuputso tsa pele tse tlalehang litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa takatso ea bootsoa li kopane le litekanyo tse ling tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botles.

12) Pono ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa e Ameha Litabeng Tsa Sechaba 'Liithuti ho Univesithing ea Jos, Nigeria (2019) - Excerpt:

Phuputso e tšehetsoa ke lipatlisiso tse 'nè tsa lipatlisiso lehlabatheng la mabeli, liphuputso tsa lipatlisiso tse entsoeng bakeng sa thuto e ne e le lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso' me palo ea sechaba e ne e le liithuti tsa thuto ea sechaba se univesithing ea Jos tse nang le kakaretso ea boholo ba 244 le tseo 180 li khethiloeng ho tsona ka nako e le 'ngoe mohlala oa thuto. Phuputso eo e senoletse hore, baithuti ba bangata ba kenang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ha ba etse hantle litsebi le ka linako tse ngata ba bile ba lieha ho etsa mesebetsi ea bona.

Hobane'ng ha Deniers a tlohela lithuto tse ka holimo?

Moholy, M., Prause, N., Proudfit, GH, S. Rahman, A., & Fong, T. (2015). Takatso ea botona le botšehali, eseng bosodoma, e bolela esale pele boits'oaro ba ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano. Temoho le Maikutlo, 29 (8), 1505-1516. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Nicole Prause. Joaloka Winters et al., 2009 e hlalositsoeng kaholimo, thuto ena ha ea ka ea thetsa letho kaha e ile ea hloleha ho hlahloba hore na bafo ba na le bothata ba ho laola tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ("melao"). Habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, ha ho thuto e qalileng ka ho lekola hore na ke mang "ea lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" kapa che. U ka etsa joang hore u qhekelle mofuta oa litlolo tsa bootsoa haeba u sa qale ka ho lekola lihlooho ka bopaki bo hlakileng ba (ke litsebi life tsa tahi tse hlalosang bokhoba?

Thuto ena ea Prause e itšetlehile ka eona CBSOB, e nang le lipotso tse ngata mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. E mpa e botsa ka "mesebetsi ea thobalano," kapa haeba lihlooho li tšoenyehile ka mesebetsi ea tsona (mohlala, "Ke tšoenyehile hore ke imme," "Ke file motho ea nang le tšoaetso ea HIV," "Ke na le bothata ba lichelete"). Ka hona likamano leha e le life pakeng tsa litekanyetso ho CBSOB le bokhoni ba ho laola tsoho ha li amane le ba bangata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba lemalloang, ba sa kopanele liphate tse arohaneng.

Joaloka thuto ea Winters e ka holimo, phuputso ena e tlalehile hore barupeluoa ba bangata ba ne ba e-na le nako e thata-ho laola tsoho ea bona ea thobalano ha ba ntse ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Prause et al. li nepahetse: thuto ena e ile ea pheta-pheta Winters, et al., 2009: batho ba tšabehang ba na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano. (Duh)

Thuto ena e na le phoso e le 'ngoe e bolaeang e bonoang lithutong tse ling: Bafuputsi ba khethile lihlooho tse fapaneng haholo (basali, banna, batho ba bong bo fapaneng, bao e seng batho ba bong bo fapaneng), empa ba ba bontša litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa maemo a holimo, mohlomong tse sa khahliseng. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, liphetho tsa phuputso ena li ne li ipapisitse le maikutlo a hore banna, basali le batho bao e seng ba bong bo fapaneng ha ba fapane karabong ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Hona ho hlakile ha ho joalo.

Taylor, K. (2019). Nosologia le papiso ea litšoantšo: Batho ba shebang litšoantšo tse manyala tse tsosang takatso ba etsa boikutlo ba ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joang. Ho kopanela liphate. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460719842136 Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Ke pampiri (eseng thuto ea 'nete) ea seithuti sa grad Kris Taylor. Pampiri ha e amane ka letho le "taolo", kapa litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, kapa eng kapa eng. Ke maikutlo a bobeli a hlophisitsoeng ka tsela e ts'oanang le Taylor, a nang le likarolo tse khethiloeng tsa banna ba hlaphoheloang, tse kentsoeng ka psycho-babble. Le ha pampiri ena e ipolela hore e bua ka "ho lemalla" litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, Taylor ha a na semelo sa ho lemalla kapa ho ba le methapo ea kutlo. Habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, mme joalo ka Deniers, pampiri ea Taylor e siile tsohle Thuto ea 43 ea li-neurological ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lihlooho tsa CSB, ntle le bakeng sa Prause et al., 2015 (Taylor ha a tsebe letho Lipampiri tse hlahlobiloeng ke litlhahlobo tsa 8 tse reng Puseletso ea EEG e le hantle le ts'ehetsang mohlala oa lithethefatsi). Ha ho makatse ho nahana ka Kris Taylor's histori ea ho sotha 'nete e le hore e lumellane le merero ea hae.

Prause le RealYBOP khafetsa ba qotsa lipampiri tsa 2 Taylor, ba hlalosa litaba tsa bona, mokhoa oa bona le bohlokoa ba saense. Ka mohlala, tlas'a litšila tsa David Ley Psychology kajeno sehlooho se reng banna ba khutlisetse Manazi, re na le Thapelo (ho phehisana le bart) ho etsa lipolelo tse 'maloa tsa bohata ka pampiri ea pele ea Kris Taylor {https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/comment/1037481#comment-1037481}, joalo ka ho bolela hore "e ne e le tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea litaba tsa liforamo tseo," empa e ne e se ntho ea mofuta oo. Bart o bontša hore Taylor o boletse ka ho toba hore litlhaloso tsa 15 tseo a li khethileng (ho limilione tse rometsoeng lilemong tse 8 tse fetileng) li ke ke tsa baloa e le "moemeli oa NoFap ka kakaretso." 'Nete. Leha ho le joalo Prause o khahliloe haholo ke liqeto tsa Taylor le boleng ba tsona ba ho pota-pota hoo a (hape) a sebelisa li-aliases tsa Wikipedia (li-sockpuppets) ho tlōla melao ea Wikipedia ho kenya lipampiri tse peli tsa Taylor (tseo ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tsona e kopanang le melao ea Wikipedia bakeng sa ho kenyelletsoa):

Neuromoncer editing ho Taylor pampiri #1,
User 101.98.39.36 ho hlophisoa ho Pampiri ea Taylor #2, matsatsi a seng makae ka morao ho 'mapa oa RealYBOP a Taylor.

Fetolela Wikipedia ka Prause sockpuppet:

Bonnete ba Boko ba Hao Bongoli tweet ka pampiri ea Taylor:

Joalokaha ho boletsoe, re tseba bonyane 30 tse ling tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba le li-sockpuppets Sepetlele se sebelisitse ho fetola Wikipedia (bona karolo ena bakeng sa lenane la sockpuppet). Ba bangata ba 'nile ba ba joalo tse khetholloang le tse thibetsoeng ka Wikipedia.

Hallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., Jokinen, J., & Öberg, KG (2019). Phuputso e laoloang ka tsela e sa reroang ea kalafo ea boits'oaro ba sehlopha e laoloang bakeng sa ts'oaetso ea Hypersexual ho banna. Sengolo sa bongaka ba thobalano. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Hobaneng ha thuto ee e le sehlopheng sa "taolo"? Ha e hlile ha e tšehetse lipolelo tsa Prause tse mabapi le "taolo". Ho fapana le hoo, lihlooho e ne e le makhoba a thobalano a batlang kalafo:

Sepheo sa batho ba ne ba e-na le basali ba baholo le banna ba nang le bothata ba "boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate," "boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate," kapa "ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate" ba neng ba thahasella ho kenya letsoho thutong ea bongaka ea phekolo ea sehlopha.

Boithuto bo hanyetsa lipolelo tsa Prause mabapi le "taolo", joalo ka ha bafo ba thuto ba bile le bothata ba ho laola boits'oaro ba bona ba thobalano:

Tšebelisano ea ho kopanela liphate Matšoao a matšoao a akarelletsa ho se khone ho laola menahano e feteletseng ea thobalano, litakatso, le boitšoaro ho amanang le maikutlo a macha a boima le khatello ea maikutlo 'me a tiisitsoe ho batho ba bophelo ba bophelo bo botle.

Sephetho sa thuto ke sefe? Phekolo ea boits'oaro ba kelello (CBT) e felletse ka ho fokotseha ha boitšoaro ba bosodoma (ho se khone ho laola boits'oaro bo sa batleheng ba thobalano):

Phekolo eo e entse hore ho be le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha maikutlo a ts'oaetsano le mafu a kelello, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore lenane la CBT le ka sebetsa kalafo ea pele bakeng sa bakuli bana litsing tsa kliniki.

Sebakeng sa ho ts'ehetsa lintlha tse buuoang khafetsa tsa Prause, liphetho li tšehetsa (1) ho se khone ho laola boits'oaro ba thobalano e le sesupo se tloaelehileng, hape, (2) mohlala oa tahi. Le ha thuto ena e ne e re ke eona ea pele e laoloang ka mokhoa o laoloang e lekola le ho netefatsa katleho ea lenaneo la CBT bakeng sa bosodoma
banna ba fumanoeng ba fumanoe, CBT e 'nile ea sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa batho ba kopanelang liphate le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate. Ka mohlala, setsebi sa Google se batlile "boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano" + "Phekolo ea Boits'oaro ea Kelello" e khutlisetsa litšupiso tsa 750. Ka mokhoa o tsotehang, ho batlisisa ha Google bosodoma + "Theknoloji ea Tlhaho ea Tlhaho" e khutlisetsa litšupiso tsa 1,870.

Beauregard, M., Lévesque, J., & Bourgouin, P. (2001). Li-correlate tsa Neural tsa boits'oaro ba maikutlo. Leqephe la Neuroscience. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Hobaneng ha thuto ee e le sehlopheng sa "taolo" (kapa sehlopheng sefe kapa sefe)? Ha e khetholle taba efe kapa efe e le ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa kapa taba ea CSB. Ha e tsamaisane le mokhoa o fe kapa o fe oa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa kapa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le eng kapa eng, ho kenyeletsoa "taolo". Leha ho le joalo, e khahlanong le polelo e phetoang khafetsa ea Prause ea hore ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali ho tšoana le ho shebella bana ba bapalang.

Willoughby, BJ, Busby, DM, & Young-Petersen, B. (2018). Ho utloisisa likamano lipakeng tsa litlhaloso tsa botho tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khatello ea maikutlo. Patlisiso ea Thobalano le Leano la Sechaba, 1-15. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Hape, hobaneng ha thuto ee e le sehlopheng sa "taolo" (kapa sehlopha sefe kapa sefe sa RealYBOP)? Mona re hlahisa bohlanya ba liphuputso, tse nkiloeng karolong ea "se boleloang" ea thuto:

Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a mangata a bohlokoa ho litsebi le baetsi ba melao. Ntlha ea pele, liphetho li bonts'a maqhama pakeng tsa maikutlo a thobalano le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, tumello ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, le tšebeliso ea litaba tse joalo. Ho bonahala eka batho bao ba sa amoheleng litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba atisa ho se shebe lintho tse joalo, athe ba amohelang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba atisa ho batla lintho tse joalo.
Liphello tsa phuputso ea hona joale li bontša hore ha batho ba sa talime litaba tsa thobalano ba na le maikutlo a fosahetseng ho bona, congruence e na le phello e ntle ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello, ho tšehetsa maikutlo a 1. Liphuputso tse joalo li lumellana le litsebi tsa khale tse hlokometseng hore ho tsitsana pakeng tsa litekanyetso le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho sheba boitšoaro ho lokela ho ba le phello e ntle ho bophelo bo botle ba kelello.
liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho sebelisa litaba tseo motho a sa li shebeng e le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho hokahantsoe le matšoao a sithabetsang ke buka e fumanoeng e sa hlahisoeng ke litsebi pele 'me ea thulana le likhopolo tsa rona tsa pele…

Lintlha tse kaholimo ha li amane ka letho le sehlooho se hlalositsoeng hampe sa karolo ena.

Efrati, Y. (2018). Molimo, nke ke ka khaotsa ho nahana ka thobalano! Tšusumetso e senyang ha ho sa atlehe ho hatella menahano ea thobalano har'a bacha ba bolumeli. Journal of Sex Research, 1-10. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Kakaretso ea Alliance e bonahala e utloahala: "Tlhatlhobo ea monahano" mohlomong ha se tsela e molemohali ea hore bacha ba nang le tumelo, ba laole menahano e fosahetseng e sa batleheng. Phuputso e tiisa ketsahalo e tsejoang e le "khopolo-taba ea tšebetso," eo ka eona boiteko ba ka boomo ba ho hatella mehopolo e itseng bo ba nolofalletsang ho hlaha. Ho lokile hore litsebi li tsebe.

Seo se bolela hore ho senyeha ha lipatlisiso ho tlaleha litekanyetso tse tlaase tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ka hona ho fokotsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, bolumeling ba sechaba (ho ithuta 1, ho ithuta 2, ho ithuta 3, ho ithuta 4, ho ithuta 5, ho ithuta 6, ho ithuta 7, ho ithuta 8, ho ithuta 9, ho ithuta 10, ho ithuta 11, ho ithuta 12, ho ithuta 13, ho ithuta 14, ho ithuta 15, ho ithuta 16, ho ithuta 17, ho ithuta 18, ho ithuta 19, ho ithuta 20, ho ithuta 21, ho ithuta 22, ho ithuta 23, ho ithuta 24, ho ithuta 25). Ho phaella moo, nahana ka lipatlisiso tse peli tsa morao-rao tsa lipatlisiso mabapi le ho kopanela liphate le batho ba nang le lithethefatsi (1) ka ho kopanela liphate. Phuputso ea 2016 mabapi le batho ba batlang ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa a fumane hore bolumeli bo joalo ha ea ka ea kopana ka matšoao a fosahetseng kapa lintlha tse ngata mabapi le lipotso tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, (2) sena Thuto ea 2016 mabapi le ho batla ho kopanela liphate ka bongaka fumanoa na le kamano e ntle pakeng tsa boikitlaetso ba bolumeli le mekhoa ea boipheliso ea boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate le liphello tse amanang le tsona.

Hesse, C., & Floyd, K. (2019). Lerato ho kenella: Phello ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka likamano tse haufi. Journal ea Likamano Tsa Sechaba le Boiketlo, Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Bangoli le Alliance ba leka ho hlakola likamano tsa mantlha, tse hlakileng ka kotloloho: Ts'ebeliso e ngata ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e amana le khatello ea maikutlo le bolutu / khotsofalo e tlase ea kamano le kamano e haufi. Tlhaloso:

"Thutong ena, batho ba baholo ba 357 ba tlalehile boemo ba bona ba ho hloka lerato, ts'ebeliso ea bona ea beke le beke ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, sepheo sa bona sa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho kenyeletsoa khotsofalo ea bophelo le phokotso ea bolutu), le matšoao a bophelo ba bona ka bomong le kamano ... Joalokaha ho boletsoe esale pele, ho hloka boithati le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ne li amana le ho khotsofala ha kamano le kamano ea bona, ha li ntse li le haufi le ho jeoa ke bolutu le ho tepella maikutlong."

Litšebelisano tsa sebele li tsoa ho Hesse et al., 2019:

Hesse et al., 2019 e kenyelelitsoe lenaneng la rona la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 70 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano.

Regnerus, M., Gordon, D., & Theko, J. (2016). Ho ngola litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Amerika: Tlhatlhobo e bapisoang ea mekhoa ea mekhoa. Journal ea Patlisiso ea Thobalano, 53 (7), 873-881. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: RealYBOP e hlalosa ka nepo e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa pampiri: "slintlha tsa urvey ho tloha 2014 li senola hore 46% ea banna le 16% ea basali ba pakeng tsa lilemo tsa 18 le 39 tse bontšang bootsoa ka boomo ka beke e behiloeng. Linomoro tsena li phahame haholo ho feta likhakanyo tse ngata tsa pele tsa baahi ba sebelisang mefuta e fapaneng ea lipotso."Ntho e makatsang: ha sena se fumanoa se tšehetsa nako e telele YBOP e re tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e phahame ka lebaka la marang-rang, e debunks litsebi tsa Deniers David Ley, Nicole Prause, le Peter Finn, ba ileng ba tsitlella Ley et al., 2014 hore litefiso tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha li so eketsehe ho tloha li-1970 tsa pele, (E tlameha ebe ena e ile ea thelisoa ke bahlahlobi ba likhetho tsa Alliance.)

Lerato le Kamano e haufi-ufi Karolo

Moelelo / Boemo: Pele, Alliance e ile ea tlohela tsohle empa tse peli ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 75 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano. Ea bobeli, Alliance e khelosa 'mali ka lipatlisiso tsa 2 (tse fumanoang sehlopheng sena) ea futsanehile kamano ea khotsofalo kapa botšepehi bo eketsehileng: Maddox, le al., 2011 'me Miller et al., 2019. Ntlha ea boraro, 4 ea liphuputso e ne e ngotsoe ke litho tsa Alliance 'me ha ho le e' ngoe ea tsona eo e bonahalang e le eona. Ea bone, 'me ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, Alliance e ile ea hlōleha ho bolela hore thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e amanang le banna e tlalehile tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tse amanang le eona ea futsanehile ho khotsofala ka thobalano kapa kamano (ka lipatlisiso tsa 65). Kamora nako, Alliance ha e sa fana ka litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng kapa litlhahlobo tsa meta ho ts'ehetsa litaba tsa bona tsa litaba tsa sechaba hore "ha ho na liphello tse mpe ke tšusumetso e atisang ho tlalehoa ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo litabeng tsa likamano. "

Ho ea kamoo re tsebang, ho phatlalalitsoe litlhahlobo tse peli tsa meta le tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe, tse hananang le lipolelo tsa Bahlahisi. Selekane se tlohetse tsohle tse 3:

1) Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le khotsofalo: Tlhahlobo ea Meta-Analysis (2017) - Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tse ling tse fapaneng ho hlahloba khotsofalo ea thobalano le kamano ho tlalehile hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana le ho fokotsa thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano (khotsofalo ea batho). Tlhaloso:

Leha ho le joalo, ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ne ho amahanngoa le liphello tse tlaase tsa khotsofalo tsa batho ka ho khetheha ha lipatlisiso, lipatlisiso tsa nako e telele, le liteko. Mekhatlo pakeng tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le ho fokotsa liphello tsa khotsofalo ea batho ba bang ha lia ka tsa hlophisoa ke selemo sa bona sa ho lokolloa kapa boemo ba bona ba ho phatlalatsa Empa litlhahlobo ka thobalano li qosa liphello tse kholo ho banna feela.

Le hoja liphuputso tse 'maloa li tlaleha phello e nyane ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa basali khahlanong le khotsofalo ea basali le thobalano, borokho do tlaleha liphello tse mpe. Ha u hlahloba lipatlisiso, ke habohlokoa ho tseba hore karolo e nyenyane ea basali bohle ba kopaneng kamehla o ja litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Litaba tse kholo, tse emelang naha li haelloa, empa General Social Survey e tlalehile hore ke 2.6 feela ea basali bohle ba US ba neng ba etetse "websaete ea bootsoa" khoeling e fetileng. Potso e botsoa feela ho 2002 le 2004 (bona Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le Lenyalo, 2014).

2) Maikutlo a basali mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le banna, likamano tsa botona le botšehali, ho kopanela liphate le ho khotsofatsa 'mele. (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Meta-analysis ena ea pampiri ea lithuto tse ngata tse entsoeng ho fihlela joale e tšehetsa khopolo ea hore boholo ba basali bo amehile hampe ka maikutlo a hore molekane oa bona ke moetsi oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka litlhahlobo tse kholo tse kenyeletsang lithuto tsohle tse fumanehang, ho lemoha basebetsi-'moho joaloka barekisi ba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e amana haholo le ho khotsofatsoa ho fokolang, ho kopanela liphate le 'mele. Mokhatlo oa khotsofalo ea boithati o ne o boetse o fosahetse. Liphello li boetse li fana ka maikutlo a hore khotsofalo ea basali e tla fokotseha ka ngollano ka maikutlo a hore balekane ba bona ba senya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata.
Ho lemoha baratuoa ba banna e le bareki ba atisang ho ba le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho amana haholo le ho khotsofatsoa ho fokolang le ho kopanela liphate.
Qetellong, monyetla oa hore ho be le lihlahisoa tsa khatiso o ile oa boela oa hlahlojoa. E fetisitsoe ka ho feletseng, liphello ha lia ka tsa fana ka maikutlo a hore khatello ea libuka ke ntho e amehang haholo libukeng tsena.

3) Litemana tse hlahang tlhahlobisong ea 2018 ea lingoliloeng (Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, Thabo le likamano tsa botona le botšehali: Ho ea ho Hedonic Reinforcement Model ea Inthaneteng Media Media Sebelisa), ho akaretsa liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka khotsofalo ea thobalano:

Ho fapana le libaka tse ngata tseo ho buuoang ka tsona pele ho li-Internet (IPU) le liphethong, tseo lipatlisiso li sa ntseng li le matla, likamano pakeng tsa IPU le khotsofalo ea thobalano li ithutile haholo, le libuka tse ngata tse buang ka taba ena. Ho e-na le ho hlahloba ka botlalo lenane la lipatlisiso tsa ho hlahloba IPU le khotsofalo ea thobalano, liphuputso tsa lithuto tsena li akaretsitsoe ka Lethathamong la 1.
Ka kakaretso, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe Lethathamong la 1, likamano lipakeng tsa IPU le khotsofalo ea botona le botšehali li rarahane, empa li lumellana le khopolo ea hore IP e ka ts'ehetsa litšusumetso tse ngata tsa thobalano, haholoholo ha ts'ebeliso e eketseha. Har'a banyalani, ho na le ts'ehetso e lekanyelitsoeng bakeng sa mohopolo oa hore IPU e ka ntlafatsa khotsofalo ea thobalano, empa ha feela e kenyellelitsoe liketsong tsa thobalano. Boemong ba motho ka mong, ho na le bopaki bo lumellanang ba hore IPU e bolela esale pele ka khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano ho banna, ka likarolo tse peli tse fapaneng le tsa bolelele bo supang mekhatlo ea ts'ebeliso e joalo le khotsofalo e fokotsehileng bakeng sa banna. Mabapi le basali, bopaki bo qhalakaneng bo fana ka maikutlo a hore IPU e kanna ea ntlafatsa khotsofalo ea thobalano, ea se na phello ea khotsofalo, kapa ea fokotsa khotsofalo ha nako e ntse e tsamaea.
Leha ho na le liphetho tse tsoakaneng, sephetho sa ho se be le phello e kholo ea IPU ka khotsofalo ea thobalano ho basali ke se fumanoeng ka ho fetesisa. Liphetho tsena le tsona li netefalitsoe ke tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea litlhahlobo (Wright, Tokunaga, Kraus, & Klann, 2017). Ho lekola lithuto tsa 50 tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le liphetho tse fapaneng tsa khotsofalo (mohlala, khotsofalo ea bophelo, khotsofalo ea motho, khotsofalo ea kamano, khotsofalo ea thobalano), tlhaiso-leseling ena e fumane hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (eseng inthanete e ikhethileng) e ne e lula e amana le ho bolela esale pele ka khotsofalo e tlase ea batho mefuta, ho kenyeletsoa khotsofalo ea thobalano, empa bakeng sa banna feela. Ha ho liphuputso tsa bohlokoa tse fumanoeng bakeng sa basali. Ka kakaretso, liphetho tse tsoakaneng joalo li thibela liqeto tse hlakileng mabapi le karolo ea IP ho susumelleng khotsofalo bakeng sa basali.
E 'ngoe ea liphetho tsa bohlokoahali tsa mesebetsi ea morao-rao e hlahlobang IPU le khotsofalo ea thobalano ke hore ho bonahala ho na le kamano pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso le khotsofalo, e le hore khotsofalo e fokotsehe haholo ha IPU e ntse e ata haholo (mohlala, Wright, Steffen, & Sun, 2017 ; Wright, Brigdes, Letsatsi, Ezzell, & Johnson, 2017). Lintlha tsa lithuto tsena li bonts'itsoe ho Tafole ea 1. Ha ho fanoa ka bopaki bo hlakileng mehlala e mengata ea machabeng, ho bonahala ho utloahala ho amohela qeto ea hore ha IPU e nyoloha ho feta hang ka khoeli, khotsofalo ea thobalano ea fokotseha. Ntle le moo, leha lithuto tsena (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) li ne li arotsoe ka likarolo tse fapaneng, ho fanoe ka palo ea lithuto tsa longitudinal (mohlala, Peter & Valkenburg, 2009) e hokahanyang IPU le thobalano e tlase. khotsofalo, hoa utloahala ho lumela hore mekhatlo ena ke ea tlhaho. Ha IPU e ntse e eketseha, khotsofalo ea botona le botšehali e bonahala e fokotseha, e leng tumellanong le khang ea mohlala oa hore IPU e amahanngoa le tšusumetso e matla ea thobalano le ea boithati.

Tlhahlobo e boletsoeng ka holimo e bolela hore liphello tsa tšebeliso ea bootsoa ho khotsofalo ea basali le thobalano li kopane. Ha e le hantle, ho na le lithuto tse ngata haholo tse tlaleha liphello tse mpe: lenane la lipatlisiso tsa 30, ka likarolo tse qotsitsoeng.

Ho fetela 'neteng ka lipampiri tse khethiloeng tsa Alliance:

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Balzarini, RN, Dobson, K., Chin, K., & Campbell, L. (2017). Na ho pepeseha ha batho ba fokolang maikutlo ho fokotsa ho khahloa le ho rata banna ba ratanang? Liketso tsa Kenrick, Gutierres le Goldberg (1989) tsa 2 li ikemela. Journal ea Tlhahlobo Psychology Social, 70, 191-197. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Ke litho tsa setho sa Alliance sa William Fisher. Phuputso ena ea 2017 e ile ea leka ho pheta-pheta thuto 1989 e pepesitseng banna le basali kamanong e ikemiselitseng litšoantšong tse tsosang takatso tsa bong bo fapaneng. Phuputso ea 1989 e fumane hore banna ba pepeselitsoeng bofeela naga masaka a bohareng a ile a lekanya balekane ba bona e le ba sa khahleheng haholo mme ba tlaleha lerato le tlase ho molekane oa bona. Ha 2017 e sa atlehe ho pheta liphetho tsa 1989, re bolelloa ke bana ba Fisher hore thuto ea 1989 e fosahetse, mme ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ke ke ea fokotsa lerato kapa takatso. Khele! Eseng kapele hakana.

Ho pheta-pheta "ho ile ha hlōleha" hobane tikoloho ea rona ea setso e "hlasetsoe" ka nakoana. Bafuputsi ba 2017 ha baa ka ba hira barutuoa ba k'holejeng ba 1989 ba hōtseng ba shebeletse MTV ka mor'a sekolo. Ho e-na le hoo bafo ba bona ba ile ba hōla ba hohella PornHub bakeng sa batho ba likhukhuni le likoto tsa video.

Ho 1989 baithuti ba bangata ba koleche ba ne ba bone video ea X? Ha se ngata haholo. Ke ba bakae baithuti ba koleche ea 1989 ba qetileng thuto ea boithabiso bo bong le bo bong, ho tloha bocheng ba ho kena lilemong tsa bocha, ho ipholla litho tsa makhetlo a mangata ka sepheo se seng? Ha ho letho. Sepheo sa liphetho tsa 2017 se totobetse: ho pepeseha ha khutšoanyane setšoantšo sa lehae sa naga Palo e bohareng ke mohloa o moholo ho bapisoa le banna ba koleji ba 2017 ba 'nileng ba shebella lilemo. Esita le bangoli ba lumellane le phapang ea naha ka kakaretso ea bona:

1) Ntlha ea pele, ke habohlokoa ho bontša hore thuto ea pele e hatisitsoe ka 1989. Ka nako eo, ho pepeseha ha litaba tsa thobalano ha hoa ka ha e-ba teng, empa kajeno, ho pepeseha litšoantšo tse litšila ho atile haholo, 'me kahoo ho pepeseha ho se hokae ho ka' na ha se ke ha lekaneng ho etsa hore tšusumetso e fapaneng e tlalehoe qalong. Ka hona, liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa hona joale tsa ho ipheta-pheta li ka fapana le thuto ea pele ka lebaka la ho fapana ha ho pepeseha, ho fihlella, esita le ho amoheloa ha liketsahalo ho latela hona joale.

Ketsahalong e sa tloaelehang ea phetolelo e se nang leeme le Denier David Ley o ile a ikutloa a qobelloa ho bontša hore ho hlakile:

E kanna eaba setso, banna le thobalano li fetohile haholo haesale ho tloha ka 1989. Ke banna ba seng bakae ba baholo matsatsing ana ba so kang ba bona litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa basali ba hlobotseng — bofeela le botona le botšehali bo pepesang li atile mecheng ea litaba e tsebahalang, ho tloha Papaling ea literoneng ho etsa lipapatso tse nkhang hamonate, le liprofinseng tse ngata, basali ba lumelloa ho ea holimo. Kahoo ho ka etsahala hore banna thutong ea morao-rao ba ithutile ho kopanya botenya le ho kopanela liphate tseo ba li bonang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa le mecha ea litaba ea letsatsi le letsatsi ka tsela e sa ameng ho hohela kapa ho rata balekane ba bona. Mohlomong banna ba phuputsong ea 1989 ba ne ba sa pepesetsoa thobalano, bofeela le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Hopola hore tlhahlobo ena ha e bolele hore internet e sebelisoa ha ho joalo ho khahloa ke banna ba amehang ho ba ratang. Ho mpa ho bolela hore ho shebella "li-foldfold" ha ho na tšusumetso e potlakileng matsatsing ana. Banna ba bangata ba tlaleha haholo ho eketseha ho khahloa ke basebetsi-'moho ka mor'a ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba inthanete. 'Me ho hlakile hore ho boetse ho na le bopaki ba longitudinal bo boletsoeng ka holimo bo bontšang liphello tse senyang tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa likamanong.

Liteko tseo ho tsona batho ba kenang k'holejeng ba bonang ba seng bakae naga mekhahlelo ea bohareng (joaloka ho ithuta e amanang le bangoli) ha ho letho leo u ka le tsebang ka liphello tsa molekane oa hau ho ipholla litho tsa li-video ka nako e telele ka lilemo tse ngata qetellong. Lithuto feela tsa kamano tse ka "bontša hore na ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho hlile ho le joalo lisosa liphello tse mpe tsa likamano " ke nako e telele ea ho ithuta ho laola mefuta-futa kapa lithuto tseo ho tsona litaba li sa lokelang ho itlosa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa. Ho fihlela joale ho fumanoe lithuto tse supileng tsa khale tsa likamano tse ngata tse hlahisang liphello tsa sebele tsa bophelo ba tšebeliso e tsoelang pele ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. All ba tlaleha hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ama kamano e futsanehileng / liphello tsa thobalano

Tlhokomeliso - Ba-Deniers ha ba fane ka lithuto tsa bolelele ba nako mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea batho ba baholo ba thobalano le khotsofalo ea thobalano kapa kamano.

Grov, C., Gillespie, BJ, Royce, T., & Lever, J. (2011). Litholoana tse lemohuoang tsa thobalano e etsoang inthaneteng ka likamano tsa bong bo fapaneng: Patlisiso ea inthanete ea US. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Thobalano, 40 (2), 429-439. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Junk science (le ea morao-rao): a "Study" ho sebelisoa lintlha tse khethiloeng ho tsoa phuputsong ea makasine ea ELLE ea 2004. Ha e kholoe. Ho tsoa karolong ea mekhoa:

Lintlha tse tsoang morerong ona li fumanoe makasineng oa ELLE ho ipapisitsoe le 2004 "ELLE / msnbc.com Cyber-Sex and Romance Survey," patlisiso ea naha e thehiloeng US mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea batho ba marang-rang le batho ba baholo (ke hore, liwebsaete tse amanang le thobalano). Nakong ea libeke tse peli bohareng ba Hlakubele 2004, ka bobeli ELLE.com le msnbc.com ba ile ba tšoara patlisiso ena liwebosaeteng tsa bona, leha 98% ea bankakarolo ba ne ba tsoa ho msnbc.com web traffic.

Na ho ka khoneha hore bangoli ba sebelise liphetho tse se li hlahisitsoe phatlalatsa ho hlahisa pampiri e hlahlojoang ke lithaka ho tšehetsa lenaneo? Re boetse re bolelloa hore: "Ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang, ho shebella liwebsaete tsa batho ba baholo le molekane oa bona e le ho matlafatsa tsoho ea thobalano ho ne ho amana hantle le liphello tse ntle 'me li amana le liphello tse mpe." Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ka tlaase mona, karolo ea balekane ba lenyalo le balekane ba tloaelehileng ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le molekane oa bona ka mokhoa o fetisisang - mohlomong 1% (ntle le mohlomong bakeng sa babali ba ELLE). Ka mohlala, dintlha tse hlahang phuputsong e kholo ka ho fetisisa e etsoang ke sechaba sa US (General Social Survey) e tlalehile hore ke 2.6% feela ea basali ba lenyalong ba neng ba etetse "websaete ea bootsoa" khoeling e fetileng. (bakeng sa ho feta bona Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le Lenyalo, 2014).

Esita le ka sekhahla se tloaelehileng, pampiri ena e ile ea re:

Liphetoho tse mpe li ile tsa boela tsa fumanoa, 'me basali ba ne ba ka' na ba bontša hore ba na le thobalano e nyane ka lebaka la OSA ea molekane, mme banna ba ka 'na ba bontša hore ha baa tsosoa ke thobalano ea sebele ka lebaka la OSA ea bona.

Phuputsong e ne e hlakile e se moemeli. Hape ha ea ka ea amahanngoa le maemo kapa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (kapa ho sebelisa bothata ba litšoantšo tsa botona kapa botšehali) ka likamano tsa thobalano kapa kamano ea khotsofalo RealYBOP e cheka ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe le ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho loantša lithuto tse ngata tse ngata tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano le khotsofalo e nyenyane ea thobalano Lehlohonolo le joalo.

Rissel, C., Richters, J., De Visser, RO, McKee, A., Yeung, A., & Caruana, T. (2017). Tlaleho ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Australia: Lintho tse fumanoeng thutong ea bobeli ea Australia ea bophelo bo botle le likamano. Journal ea Patlisiso ea Thobalano, 54 (2), 227-240. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance ke Alliance McKee. Tlhahiso ea theko - phuputso ha ea ka ea lekola litlamorao tsa thobalano kapa likamano tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, e leng sehlooho sa karolo ena. Ka kakaretso kakaretso ea RealYBOP le McKee's abstract ba ikhelosa ka morero. Le ha Deniers a re thuto ena e ts'ehetsa khang ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ha li hlile li baka mathata a tebileng. Ebile, 17% ea banna le basali ba lilemo li 16-30 ba tlalehile hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho bile le phello e mpe ho bona (e ntle haholo bakeng sa litlamorao tsa "ho itseba"):

Ho na le mabaka a ho nka lihlooho tsena ka lijo-thollo tsa letsoai. Qala litlhahiso tse 'maloa ka thuto ena:

Ena e ne e le lihlopha tsa batho ba lilemong tsa lilemo tse fapaneng tsa 16-69, banna le basali. Ho totobetse hore banna ba bacha ke basebelisi ba mantlha ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba inthaneteng. Kahoo, 25% ea banna le 60% ea basali ha baa ka ba sheba litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro bonyane hanngoe likhoeling tsa ho qetela tsa 12. Kahoo lipalo-palo li kopane le ho fokotsa bothata ka ho koahela basebelisi ba kotsing.
Potso e le 'ngoe, e ileng ea botsa barupeluoa hore na ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa likhoeling tsa ho qetela tsa 12, ha e bolele hore na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka sebelisoa joang. Ka mohlala, motho ea kileng a pota-potiloe ke li-pop-up ea bootsoa ho nkoa hore ha a fapane le motho ea ipholisang ka makhetlo a 3 ka linako tse ling ka bootsoa bo boima.
Leha ho le joalo, ha lipatlisiso li botsa ba "neng ba kile ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" tseo ba neng ba li shebeletse lilemong tsa selemo se fetileng, palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ne e le ebony sehlopha. 93.4% ea bona e bonoe selemong se fetileng, le ba lilemo li 20-29 ba ka morao ho bona 88.6.
Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa pakeng tsa October 2012 le November 2013. Lintho li fetohile haholo lilemong tsa ho qetela tsa 4, ka lebaka la ho kenella ha smartphone - haholo-holo ho basebelisi ba bacha.
Lipotso li botsoa lipuisanong tsa thelefono tse thusitsoeng ka khomphutha. Ho na le tlhaho ea motho ho ba le lipuisano tse sa tsejoeng ka ho feletseng, haholo-holo ha lipuisano li bua ka litaba tse thata joaloka ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho lemalla lithethefatsi.
Lipotso tsena li thehiloe feela ka boithati. Hopola hore hangata batho ba lemalloang ba iponahatsa ba lemalletse. Ha e le hantle, batho ba bangata ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le lithethefatsi ha ba khone ho kopanya matšoao a bona ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ntle leha ba tlohela nako e telele
Phuputso ha ea ka ea sebelisa melaetsa ea lipotso (e fanoeng ka boitsebiso bo sa tsejoeng), e neng e tla feta ka ho nepahetseng ho hlahloba lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa le liphello tsa litšoantšo ho ba sebelisang.

Hlahloba qetello ea thuto (ha ho makatse, hobane e tsoa ho McKee):

Ho shebella boitsebiso bo bobebe bo bonahala eka bo tloaelehile Australia, ka liphello tse bohloko tse tlalehoang ke ba banyenyane.

Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa banna le basali ba lilemo li 16-30, ho joalo eseng e nyenyane haholo. Ho ea ka Lethathamo la 5 thutong ena, 17% ea sehlopha sena sa lilemo se tlalehile hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho bile le phello e mpe ho bona. (Ka lehlakoreng le leng, har'a batho ba 60-69, 7.2 feela% ea ho nahana ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e bile le phello e mpe.)

Lihlooho tsa lihlooho tsena li ne li tla fapana hakae haeba bangoli ba ne ba hatelletse ho fumana hore hoo e ka bang 1 ho bacha ba 5 ba ne ba lumela hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e na le "phello e mpe ho bona"? Ke hobane'ng ha ba ile ba leka ho nyenyefatsa tlhaloso ena ka ho e hlokomoloha le ho lebisa tlhokomelo liphellong tse arolelanoang sepakapakeng - ho e-na le sehlopha se kotsing haholo bakeng sa mathata a inthanete?

Hape, ke ba seng bakae ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba lemohang kamoo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ba ammeng kateng ho fihlela ha ba qeta ho sebelisa. Hangata basebelisi ba nako e telele ba hloka likhoeli tse 'maloa ho tseba hantle liphello tse bohloko. Ka hona, thuto e kang ena e na le meeli e meholo.

Kohut, T., Balzarini, RN, Fisher, WA, & Campbell, L. (2018). Litloaelano tsa bootsoa tse buisanang le thobalano e bulehileng le kamano e haufi li fapane ho sebetsa ka mokhoa oa ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho sebelisa likamano tsa botona le botšehali. Leqephe la Likamano tsa Sechaba le Boiketlo, 35 (4), 655-676. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Ke litho tsa Alliance Taylor Kohut le William Fisher, le sehlopha sohle sa kereke Univesithi ea Western Ontario. Seo se se fumaneng: banyalani ba shebellang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba bile ba buisana haholoanyane ka thobalano ho feta banyalani bao e mong le e mong a sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, kapa molekane e mong o sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a le mong 'me e mong ha a li sebelise. Ka holim'a metsi e ka baloa joalokaha eka ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hammoho ho ka ba hantle. Empa joalo ka ha Selekane se potlakela ho etsa parrot, "khokahano ha e lekane le sesosa."

Batho ba bangata ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa feela. Banyalani ba shebellang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata ba emela karoloana e nyenyane ea batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lintlha tse tsoang lefapheng le leholo la lipatlisiso tsa sechaba (GSS) ba tlaleha hore 2.6% feela ea basali bohle ba US ba ne ba etetse "websaete ea bootsoa" khoeling e fetileng (potso e ne e botsoa feela ho 2002 le 2004). Palo ea banyalani ba ikemiselitseng ho kopanela liphate kamehla ba sebelisa eng? Re boetse re na le lihlooho tsa lihlooho le liqeto tse hlahang ho tsoa (ho ka etsahala) karolo e nyane ea baahi ba bangata (ba bohlale haholo).

Maas, MK, Vasilenko, SA, & Willoughby, BJ (2018).Tsela ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa le ho khotsofala kamanong ho banyalani ba ratanang le batho ba bong bo fapaneng: Karolo ea ho amohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho tšoenyeha ka maikutlo. Journal of Sex Research, 55 (6), 772-782. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Kakaretso ea Alliance e ne e nepahetse, ho fihlela moo e eang teng. Ha e le hantle, litšebelisano tsa motheo li senole hore tšebeliso e meng ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e amana le Nyane kamano ea khotsofalo bakeng sa ka bobeli banna le basali (ho joalo le ho banna, bao e leng bona ba ka sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata):

Kohut, T., Fisher, WA, & Campbell, L. (2017).Liphello tse bonngoeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mabapi le kamano ea banyalani: Lipatlisiso tsa pele tsa lipatlisiso tse bulehileng, tse nang le tsebo, "tsesetsoeng tlase". Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 46 (2), 585-602. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Ke litho tsa Alliance Taylor Kohut le William Fisher. Boithuto bona ba boleng, bo se nang likamano, ke mohlala o mong oa bokhoni ba Kohut ba boloi ba ho rala lithuto tse bokelletsoeng ke lihlooho tsa litaba. Morero oa thuto ena ke ho (leka ho) ho loants'a ho feta lithuto tsa 75 tse bontšang tšebeliso ea bootsoa li na le liphello tse mpe likamanong? Maqheka a mabeli a mantlha a mokhoa (mefokolo) ea thuto ena ke:

1) Thuto e ne e se na sampuli e emelang. Le hoja lipatlisiso tse ngata li bontša hore bonyenyane ba basali ba likamanong tsa nako e telele ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, thuputsong ena ba 95% ba basali ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba le bang. 'Me 83% ea basali ba ne ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tloha qalong ea kamano (maemong a mang ka lilemo). Litefiso tseo li phahame ho feta banna ba baholo ba kolecheng! Ka mantsoe a mang, bafuputsi ba bonahala eka ba tsitsitse mohlala oa bona ho hlahisa litholoana tseo ba li batlang. Ntho ea sebele? Boitsebiso bo hlahang phuputsong e kholo ka ho fetisisa e etsoang ke sechaba sa US (General Social Survey) bo tlalehile hore ke 2.6% feela ea basali ba nyetsoeng ba ileng ba etela "websaete ea bootsoa" khoeling e fetileng. Litaba tsa 2000 - 2004 (bakeng sa ho feta bona Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le Lenyalo, 2014).

2) Thuto ha ea ka ea amahanngoa le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ts'oaetso leha e le efe ea ho hlahloba thobalano kapa kamano ea khotsofalo Ho e-na le hoo, thuto e sebelisitse lipotso tse "bulehileng" moo taba e neng e ka fetoloa ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (e ne e le ea boleng ho e-na le ho lekaneng). Joale, bafuputsi ba bala li-ramblings 'me ka mor'a moo ba etsa qeto ea hore na ke likarabo life tse "bohlokoa" le kamoo ba ka hlahisang (spin?) Kateng pampiring ea bona. Bona "Phuputso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa: 'Nete kapa Khopolo-taba"Video e hlahisoang e hlalosang 'nete ka mor'a lithuto tsa 5 li-propagandists li qotsa ho tšehetsa lipolelo tsa tsona tsa hore ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ha li eo kapa hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e molemo haholo (e' ngoe ke thuto ena ea Kohut).

Ho sa tsotellehe mefokolo e bolaeang le ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe tse tlalehiloeng ke mehlala ea bona, bafuputsi ba ile ba re tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le ntle haholo. Ha e le hantle, Litemana tsa thuto ea Kohut li senola banyalani ba bangata ba tlalehang litholoana tse mpe tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Ho bonahala eka rona laboraka ea William Fisher e phatlalatsa lithuto tse belaetsang kapa tse hlophiloeng ka hloko ho leka ho ferekanya sechaba le baqolotsi ba litaba hore ba lumele hore ho na le bopaki bo lekanang bo khahlanong le pherekano ea lithuto tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo e futsanehileng ea thobalano le kamano. Lentsoe bakeng sa mofuta ona oa boitsebiso bo fosahetseng ka boomo ke "agnotology": tlhahiso ea ka boomo ea tlhahisoleseling e fosahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea sechaba. Re khothaletsa tsa Linda Hatch PsychCentral se hlahlobang agnotology lefapheng la tsa thobalano: “Bogus Sex Addiction 'Controversy' le Purveyors of Ingnorance."

Staley, C., & Prause, N. (2013). Litšoantšo tsa Erotica ho bona likamano tsa kamano e haufi-ufi le litekanyetso tsa boithati le balekane. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, 42 (4), 615-624. Khokahano ho web.

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Nicole Prause. Ho sheba lit soant so tsa bootsoa, ho ba monko o monate, ebe joale o batla ho theoha, ha ho bonolo ho fumana. "Laboratori" ena e fumanoang ke laboratori e sa sebetseng ha e re bolelle letho ka liphello tsa nako e telele tsa tšebeliso ea bootsoa likamanong (hape, ho feta lithuto tsa 75 - le thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka banna-ho kopanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho sebelisa thobalano e nyenyane le khotsofalo ea kamano). Teko ena e ts'oana le ho lekola litlamorao tsa joala ka ho botsa barekisi hore na ba ikutloa ba le hantle kamora biri tsa bona tsa pele. Na tlhahlobo ee ea nako e le 'ngoe e re joetsa letho ka maikutlo a bona hoseng ho latelang kapa ka litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala? Ha ho makatse hore ebe Alliance e tlohetse liphetho tse ling tsa Prause:

"Ho shebella lifilimi tse tsosang takatso ho boetse ho etsa hore litlaleho tse kholo tsa tšusumetso e mpe, molato le matšoenyeho"

Tšusumetso e mpe e bolela maikutlo a sithabetsang. Alliance e pepesoe.

Maddox, AM, Rhoades, GK, & Markman, HJ (2011).Ho shebella thepa e hlalosang thobalano feela kapa e le hammoho: Metsoalle le boleng ba kamano. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 40 (2), 441-448. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Joalo ka lithuto tse ling tse thathamisitsoeng Alliance e siea liphetho tse sa thabiseng. Kakaretso ea bona e hlotsoe ho senola hore batho ba neng ba sa shebelle litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (SEM) ba tlalehile (1) "boleng bo phahameng ba likamano ho li-indices tsohle ho feta ba bonang SEM ba le bang,”Le (2)“litefiso tse tlase tsa ho se tšepahale.”Selelekela:

"Phuputso ena e batlisitse mekhatlo lipakeng tsa ho shebella lisebelisoa tsa thobalano (SEM) le kamano e sebetsang ka mohlala o sa reroang oa batho ba 1291 ba sa nyalanang ba ratanang .... Batho ba sa kang ba talima SEM ba ne ba tlaleha boleng ba kamano e phahameng holim'a lihlahisoa tsohle ho feta ba bonang SEM ba le bang. Ba neng ba shebile SEM feela le balekane ba bona ba tlaleha ho inehela le ho phahamisa khotsofalo ea thobalano ho feta ba bonang SEM ba le bang. Phapang e le 'ngoe pakeng tsa ba sa kang ba talima SEM le ba neng ba e talima feela le balekane ba bona e ne e le bona eo ho seng mohla a kileng a e talima o ne a e-na le litekanyetso tse tlaase tsa ho se tšepahale lenyalong. ”

Kaha batho ba bangata ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, sena se bolela banyalani ba bangata. Ha thuto e ntse e re banyalani ba "ba ne ba nka SEM feela le balekane ba bona ba tlalehile boinehelo bo eketsehileng le ho phahamisa khotsofalo ea thobalano", Sehlopha sena se emela karoloana e nyenyane ea batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Sena se ts'ehetsoa ke boitsebiso bo hlahang phuputsong e kholo ea liphatlalatso tsa sechaba (GSS) e tlalehileng hore 2.6% feela ea basali bohle ba US ba ne ba etetse "websaete ea bootsoa" khoeling e fetileng. Potso e botsoa feela ho 2002 le 2004 (bona Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le Lenyalo, 2014). Maddox le al., 2011 e kenyelelitsoe lenaneng la YBOP la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 70 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano.

Likarolo tsa Karolo ea Hypersexuality

Moelelo / Boemo: Ho bonahala eka litho tsohle tsa Alliance li hanyetsa mokhoa oa ho lemalla batho ba nang le lithethefatsi (baetsalibe ba 'maloa ba hlile ba khahlanong le lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ka nako e telele ho bua hampe ka lipatlisiso, ho hlasela ba lemalla ba lemalla, ho silafatsa batho ba reng ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho teng, banna ba hlekefetsang ba hlaphoheloang). Ha ho potang hore lipampiri tsa Alliance tse seng kae tse seng tsa bohlokoa li etselitsoe ho thetsa bamameli ba bona le baqolotsi ba litaba ba sa tsebeng. Seo ba fanang ka sona ha se bapisoe le patlisiso e phatlalalitsoeng ho tšehetsa ho ba teng ha lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro.

Ntlha ea pele, ke "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder ”'me e ho ICD-11 e ncha ea WHO. Tlhaloso e nepahetseng haholoanyane "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" (CSBD) e nkile sebaka sa "Hypersexuality" ka har'a lingoliloeng. Bobeli ba bosodoma le khatello ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba thobalano li sebelitse joalo ka sekhele bakeng sa boits'oaro bo sa laoleheng ba thobalano bo tsejoang hape e le "ho lemalla thobalano," "ho lemalla lit soant so tsa thobalano," "ho lemalla thobalano le batho ba bang", joalo-joalo ho latela poleloana e ncha, lefats'e ka bophara. buka ea bongaka ea bongaka e sebelisitsoeng Selemo sa Machaba sa Mafu (ICD-11), e na le tšoaetso e ncha e loketseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa tsa ho kopanela liphate: "Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho Kopanela Liphate. "

Ka ho amohela ho lemalla boitšoaro le ho theha tlhaiso-leseling bakeng sa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o kena tumellanong le Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Tlhekefetso ea Meriana (ASAM). Ka August, litsebi tse phahameng tsa lithethefatsi tsa 2011 tsa ASAM li ile tsa lokolla tlhaloso e ncha ea ho lemala.

Ea bobeli, Alliance e ile ea tlohela litokomane tsohle tse tšehetsang mohlala oa ho lemalla:

The Alliance e siile tsohle Thuto ea 54 ea li-neurological ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lihlooho tsa CSB, ntle le bakeng sa Prause et al., 2015 (mme ha ba bolelle baeti ba bona ka Litokomane tsa 10 tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tse bolelang hore Prause ea EEG thuto e hlile e tšehetsa mokhoa oa ho lemala).
The Alliance e siile tsohle 29 litlhahlobo le litlhaloso tsa lingoliloeng tsa morao-rao tse thehiloeng ho neuroscience, e ngotsoeng ke tse ling tsa litsebi tse phahameng tsa methapo ea pelo lefatšeng. Litokomane tsohle tsa 29 li tšehetsa mohlala oa ho lemala.
The Alliance e siile tsohle empa tse peli ea lipampiri lethathamong lena la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 45 litlaleho tsa tlaleho tse lumellanang le ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho mamella), tloaelo ea ho kopanela liphate, esita le matšoao a ho tlohela (matšoao le matšoao a amanang le ho lemala). Lithuto tsena tse peli ke tsa Deniers Nicole Prause le Alexandere Štulhofer, bao litlaleho tsa bona tse ngotsoeng ka hloko li khelosa 'mali: ho ithuta 1 (Prause et al., 2015 - hape); ho ithuta 2 ke Štulhofer.

The Alliance e ile ea tlohela lithuto tse ling tse ngata tsa bohlokoa, litlhaloso, le litlhaloso mabapi le bosodoma. Ka mohlala, a Phuputso ea "Google Sex" ho "" bosodoma "e khutlisetsa litlhaloso tsa 23,000. Le hoja litemana tse ngata li sebetsana le ho kopanela liphate tse bakoang ke lithethefatsi kapa tse bakoang ke kelello, tse seng kae ke tsa bohlokoa ho karolo ena - 'me ka morero oa ho tlosoa.

Taba ea boraro, ho qobella le ho hloka maikutlo ho kenyelelitsoe mokhoeng oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi: MaNayayers a leka ho koahela taba ka ho tiisa hore "ho qobella" le "ho se tsotelle" ka tsela e itseng li ikhethang tsa bosodoma, tse fapaneng le tsa lithethefatsi. Ha ho joalo ka ha lithuto tsa tahi li pheta khafetsa hore bokhoba bo hlahisa likarolo tsa ka bobeli ho hloka boikutlo le ho qobella. (Patlisiso ea Google Scholar ho lemala + ho se tsitsisehe + ho khutlisetsa maikutlo ho khutlisetsa 22,000 litemana.) Mona ke litlhaloso tse bonolo tsa ho se tsotelle 'me ho qobella:

Ho se tsitsisehe: Ho sebetsana ka potlako le ntle le ho nahana kapa ho rera ka ho lekaneng ho arabela ka maikutlo a ka hare kapa a ka ntle. Sebopeho sa ho amohela mekhoa e menyenyane ea potlako hang-hang ka lebaka la ho lieha ho khotsofatsa le ho sitoa ho emisa boitšoaro ho ho khotsofatsoa hang ha e qalile.
Ho qobelloa: E bua ka mekhoa ea ho pheta-pheta e etsoang ho ea ka melao e itseng kapa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang. Boitšoaro bona bo mamella esita leha ho tobane le liphello tse bohloko.

Ho boleloa esale pele, ho lemalla lithethefatsi hangata e bontša ho lemalla joaloka ho ntlafatsa ho tloha ho se nahane boitšoaro bo batlang bo thabisang boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba ho pheta-pheta ho qoba ho se utloise bohloko (joalo ka bohloko ba ho tlohela). Kahoo, lithethefatsi li na le tse ling tsa bobeli, hammoho le lisebelisoa tse ling. Kahoo phapang lipakeng tsa "mehlala" ea ho se tsotelle le ho qobelloa ha lintho tse amanang le CSBD ha e khaole ebile e omisitsoe ka tsela eo Alliance e fanang ka eona.

Ha ho le joalo, ho tšoenyeha ka litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa phekolo bakeng sa mehlala ea mofuta o mong le o mong ke ho khutsa e khubelu ha ICD-11 e sa lumelle ntho leha e le efe kalafo bakeng sa CSBD kapa lefu leha e le lefe la kelello kapa la 'mele. Ho joalo ho setsebi sa bophelo bo botle. Ka pampiri ea hae ea 2018, "Boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate: Tsela e se nang toka, Setho sa sehlopha sa basebetsi ba CSBD Jon Grant MD, MPH, JD (setsebi se tšoanang seo Prause / Klein / Kohut a boletsoeng pejana) se ile sa koahela mafu a mangata, khethollo ea ho khetholla likarohano, li-morbidity le mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea phekolo e amanang le ho hlahlojoa ha CSBD e ncha. Ka ts'ebetso, setsebi Grant se bolela hore ho qobella ho kopanela liphate ho kopanela liphate ho boetse ho bitsoa "ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate" pampiri eo!

Ntlha ea bone: "Hase ho lemala, ke ho qobelloa." Sena se re tlisa puisanong ea 'ho qobelloa' le 'ho lemalla'. lemalla ntho e 'me ho qobelloa ke mabitso ka bobeli a keneng puo ea rona ea letsatsi le leng le le leng. Joaloka mantsoe a mangata a tloaelehileng, a ka sebelisoa hampe mme a sa utloisisoe hantle.

Ha re ngangisana le maikutlo a ho lemalla boitšoaro, haholo-holo ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, batho ba nang le lipelaelo hangata ba bolela hore ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke 'ho qobelloa' ebile hase 'ho lemalla' 'nete. Ba bang ba bile ba tsitlella hore ho lemalla "ho tšoana le" Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Ha o hatelloa haholoanyane mabapi le hore na 'ho qobelloa ho sebelisa X' ho fapana joang le 'mele ho tloha ho' lemalla ho X ', ho khutla ho tloaelehileng ke batho bana ba sa lumellaneng ba nang le lipelaelo ke hore "lithethefatsi tsa boitšoaro ke feela mokhoa oa OCD." Bohata.

Litsela tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso li bontša hore lithethefatsi li fapane le OCD ka litsela tse ngata, ho kenyeletsa le ho se tšoane ha maikutlo. Ke kahoo DSM-5 le ICD-11 li nang le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho hlahloba bakeng sa mathata a mangata a ho qobella le bakeng sa mathata a ho lemalla. Liphuputso li siea pelaelo ea hore CSBD ke eseng mofuta oa OCD. Ha e le hantle, palo ea batho ba CSB ba nang le OCD e kopanang e makatsang haholo. Ho tloha Ho nahana le ho hlahloba bothata ba Hypersexual Disorder: Tlhahlobo e Hlophisitsoeng ea Lingoliloeng (2016)

Matšoao a mabeli a makatsang a 'nile a nkoa e le ho nahana ka ho kopanela liphate (40) hobane liphuputso tse ling li fumane batho ba nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (OCD). OCD bakeng sa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ha e lumellane le kutloisiso ea DSM-5 (1) ea ho hlahloba OCD, e sa kenyelletseng ho fumanoa ke mekhoa eo ho eona batho ba fumanang thabo. Le hoja menahano e tsotehang ea OCD e atisa ho ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehali, ho qobelloa ho kopanetsoeng ho etsoang ka lebaka la ho phomola ha ho etsoa ka thabo. Batho ba nang le tlaleho ea OCD ba ikutloa ba tšoenyehile ba bile ba nyelisoa ho e-na le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate kapa ba tsosoa ha ba thulana le maemo a bakang li-obsessions le ho qobelloa ho qobelloa, le ho qetella ho etsoa feela ho felisa ho nyahama mehopolo ea boikhohomoso e tsosa. (41)

Ho tloha ka June, thuto ea 2018: Ho pheta-pheta karolo ea ho se ts'oanehe le ho qobelloa ho ba le bothata ba ho ba le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ka mathata:

Liphuputso tse fokolang li 'nile tsa hlahloba mekhatlo e teng pakeng tsa ho qobella ho kopanela liphate le bosodoma. Har'a banna ba nang le boloetse bo sa sebetseng ba hypersexual [CSBD], ho ata ha bophelo ka nako e telele ea bothata bo feteletseng ba ho qobella batho-e leng boloetse ba kelello bo khetholloang-marang-rang ho tloha 0% ho ea 14%.
Ho hlokomoloha-e ka 'nang ea amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo qobelloang-ho banna ba batlang ho phekola ka bongata ba ho kopanela liphate ho fumanoe e phahame ho sehlopha se bapisoang, empa boholo ba phello ea phapang ena e ne e fokola. Ha mokhatlo o pakeng tsa boemo ba ho itšoara-ho qobella-ho hlahlojoa ke seboka sa Structured Clinical Interview ea DSM-IV (SCID-II) - le boemo ba bosodoma bo ile ba hlahlojoa har'a banna ba batlang ho phekola ba nang le bothata ba hypersexual, mokhoa o lebisang ho mokhatlo o motle, o fokolang o fumanoe. Motheong oa liphello tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ho qobelloa ho qobella ho bonahala ho tlatsetsa ka mokhoa o batlang o le monyenyane ho ho kopanela liphate [CSBD].
Phuputsong e 'ngoe, ho qobelloa ka kakaretso hoa hlahlojoa ho amana le bothata ba bootsoa ho sebelisoa har'a banna, ho bonts'a litloaelano tse ntle empa tse fokolang. Ha ho batlisisoa ka mohlala o rarahaneng haholoanyane, kamano pakeng tsa ho qobella batho ka bongata le bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e sebelisoa e ne e le lipakeng tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho lemalla lithethefatsi, le ho lemala ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng. Ho kopanngoa, litloaelano pakeng tsa ho qobella ho kopanela liphate le ho kopanela liphate le ho qobelloa ho sebelisoa hampe li bonahala li fokola.
Ho na le phehisano ea morao-rao mabapi le hore na ho molemo hakaakang ho nahana ka boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (joalo ka bosodoma le bothata ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro), le mefuta e ts'oanang ea tlhōlisano e khothalletsang likarolo tse lekanang le mathata a ho laola maikutlo, mathata a mangata a ho qobella maikutlo, kapa lithethefatsi tsa boitšoaro. Likamano pakeng tsa transdiagnostic tse bontšang ho se tsotelle le ho qobelloa ho ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehali li lokela ho tsebisa maikutlo a joalo, le hoja bobeli le ho qobelloa ho tsuba ho kenyelletsoa ke lithethefatsi.
Ho fumanoa hore ho hloka boitšoaro ho amana ka mokhoa o itekanetseng ho bong bo fapaneng ho fana ka tšehetso bakeng sa ho khetholla ha boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate (joalokaha ho etsoa tlhahiso ea ICD-11; Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo e le boloetse ba ho laola maikutlo kapa ho lemalla boitšoaro. ho ba le bothata ba ho laola maikutlo (mohlala, bothata ba ho phatloha ho bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate), le likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa bothata ba boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate le mathata a fanoang ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng (mohlala, papali ea chelete le ho bapala lipapali), tho khetholla ha boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali boemong bo qetellang bo bonahala bo tšehetsoa hantle.

Ntlha ea bohlano: Liphuputso tsohle tsa 'mele le tsa methapo ea matšoao e hatisitsoeng ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate (hangata ba hlalosoa e le CSB) ba tlaleha liphuputso tse lumellanang le mokhoa oa ho lemalla (joalo ka joalo ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 40 tlaleho ea ho tlaleha kapa ho mamella / tloaelo).

a 2016 George F. Koob 'me Nora D. Volkow e hatisitse tlhahlobo ea eona e ikhethang ho The New England Journal of Medicine: Tsoelo-pele ea Neurobiologic ho tswa ho Bothata ba Bokooa Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro. Koob ke Mookameli oa Setsi sa Sechaba ka Tlhekefetso ea Joala le Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi (NIAAA), le Volkow ke mookameli oa Setsi sa Sechaba sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi (NIDA). Leqephe lena le hlalosa liphetoho tse kholo tsa boko li amehang ka lithethefatsi le litloaelo tsa boitšoaro, ha ho buuoa serapeng sa eona sa ho qala hore lithethefatsi tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate li teng:

Re etsa qeto ea hore li-neuroscience li tsoela pele ho tšehetsa mohlala oa lefu la bokooa. Lipatlisiso tsa kelello sebakeng sena ha li fane feela ka menyetla e mecha ea ho thibela le ho phekola lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi tse amanang le boitšoaro (mohlala, lijo, ho kopanela liphate, le papali ea chelete) ....

Pampiri ea Volkow & Koob e hlalositse liphetoho tse 'ne tsa mantlha tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, e leng: 1) Sensitization, 2) Ho hlaseloa ha maikutlo, 3) Libaka tse sa sebetsaneng tsa lipotoloho (boikaketsi), 4) Tsamaiso ea khatello ea kelello e sa sebetseng. Tsohle 4 ea liphetoho tsena tsa boko e fumanoe har'a lithuto tsa 42 tsa thuto ea 'mele le tsa methapo ea pelo e thathamisitsoeng ho leqepheng lena:

Litlaleho tsa liphuputso ho hlohlelletsa (cue-reactivity & cravings) ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
Litlaleho tsa liphuputso ho hloka boithati kapa tloaelo (e leng ho fella ka ho mamelleha) bathong ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
Liphuputso tse tlalehoang boemong bo bobebe bo sebetsang (boikaketsi) kapa ts'ebetsong ea li-prefrontal ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
Liphuputso tse bontšang a khatello ea maikutlo e sa sebetseng ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Ho senyeha ha bopaki bo teng bo mabapi le CSBD (bosodoma) ho lumellana le mokhoa oa ho lemala.

Ho ea ho lipampiri tse kholo tsa irrelevant tsa Alliance.

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Krüger, TH, Schiffer, B., Eikermann, M., Haake, P., Gizewski, E., & Schedlowski, M. (2006). Mefuta e mengata ea methapo ea kutlo ea lik'hemik'hale ea motlakase nakong ea thobalano ea batho ka thobalano. European Journal of Neuroscience, 24 (12), 3445-3452. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Phuputso ee e etsang moo? Ha e tšehetse kapa hona ho bala mofuta oa tahi. Na e qotsitsoe hobane Nicole Prause le David Ley ba hana khafetsa karolo ea mantlha ea dopamine ho tsosa takatso le thobalano? Ka mohlala, Prause ka nako e telele e bolela hore ho shebella bana ba banyenyane ho bapala ho tšoana le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Ha a ntse a saense e le lihlong, ntlha ena ea ho bua e atisa ho phetoa ke balateli ba litaba, baqolotsi ba litaba le litho tse ling tsa Alliance. Mohlomong Alliance e lokela ho buisana le motsoalle oa bona Jim Pfaus, ea nang le e hatisoang haholo ka karolo ea dopamine boitšoarong ba thobalano. Mohlomong ba lokela ho etsa setsebi sa Google batla "thobalano ea ho kopanela liphate" dopamine " e etsahalang ho khutlisa litlhaloso tse 48,000. Sengoloa se latelang ke karabelo ntlheng ea puo e sa tšehetsoeng ea Prause: Ho lokisa ho se utloisisane ka Neuroscience le Mathata a Kopanela Liphate (2017) ke Don Hilton, MD.

Steele, VR, Staley, C., Fong, T., & Prause, N. (2013). Takatso ea thobalano, eseng bosodoma, e amana le likarabo tsa methapo ea kutlo tse hlahisitsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Socioaffective neuroscience & psychology, 3 (1), 20770. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Setho sa Alliance, Nicole Prause. Hlokomela: Phuputso ena ea EEG e ekelitsoe libeke tsa 5 kamora hore RealYBOP (Prause) e thehe karolo ea "Mehlala ea Thobalano". Ke hobane'ng ha Prause e emetse nako e telele ho ngola thuto ea hae e tummeng ka ho fetisisa? Hobane ho hlokomeloe hantle hore:

Phumiso e fane ka litlaleho tse fapaneng le tse fumanoang ho sechaba
Lithuto tsa sebele tsa Steele et al., 2013 e tšehetsa mohlala oa tahi
Thuto ena ea 2013 EEG e ne e hlile e le halofo ea pele Prause et al., 2015
Steele et al., 2013 e ne e se na sehlopha sa taolo sa ho bapisa
Ka holim'a metsi, Steele et al a. ho tlalehoa hore liphuputso ke tse fapaneng Prause et al., 2015 (e 'ngoe e ne e bolela hore ho sebelisoa boko bo phahameng, e mong o ile a re o sebelisoa ke boko bo tlase)

Haeba u batla ho bala maikutlo a setsebi sa 'nete ka Steele et al. - le papali ea papali, bona leqephe lena le nang le litlhahlobo tse 8 tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tse pepesang 'nete: Litlhaloso tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa Steele et al., 2013. Hape bona - Tlhaloso ea "Steele et al., 2013 ": liphuputso tsa sebele li tšehetsa mohlala oa lithethefatsi tse hlephileng.

Hanyane ka hanyane ka Prause thuto e tummeng ka ho fetisisa: Ka March 6th, 2013 David Ley le 'muelli Nicole Prause ba kenye letsoho ho ngola Psychology kajeno poso ea blog ka Steele et al., 2013 e bitsoang "Boko ba Hao Litšoantšong Tsa Botho - HA HO TŠEPA". Sehlooho sa eona sa oh-catch-catching se khelosa ha se sa amane le letho Boko ba Hao ho Porn kapa tsebo ea kelello e hlahisitsoeng moo. Ho e-na le hoo, March Ley oa March, 2013 poso ea poso e ipehela boemong bo lekaneng ba ho ithuta ka EEG - Steele et al., 2013.

Ley's blog post e hlahile likhoeli 5 pele Thuto ea EEG ea Prause e phatlalalitsoe ka molao. Khoeli hamorao (April 10th) Psychology kajeno bahlophisi ha ba hatisoe ka poso ea Lebitso la Ley ka lebaka la litsekisano tse potolohileng lipolelo tsa bona tse sa tsitsitseng le ho hana ha Prause ho fana ka thuto ea hae e sa hatisoang ho mang kapa mang. Letsatsi leo Steele et al., mme khatiso ea eona e pharalletseng e ile ea phatlalatsoa, Ley o phatlalalitse poso ea hae ea blog. Ley o fetotse letsatsi la poso ea hae ea blog ho la 25 Phupu 2013, mme qetellong a koala litlhaloso.

Puseletso e hlophisitsoeng ka hloko ka PR e ile ea fella ka ho phatlalatsoa ha mecha ea phatlalatso ka litaba tsohle tse reng ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho tlositsoe (!). E Lipuisano tsa thelevishene le ho Khatiso ea UCLA Nicole Prause o ile a etsa lipolelo tse peli tse sa tšehetsoeng ka thuto ea hae ea EEG:

Bokooa ba lihlooho ha boa ka ba arabela joaloka lithethefatsi tse ling.
Tšebelisano ea botona kapa botšehali (ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate) e utloisisoa ka ho fetisisa e le "takatso e phahameng."

Ha e le efe ea liphuputso tseo li hlile li le teng Steele et al. 2013. Ha e le hantle, phuputso eo e tlalehile se fapaneng le seo Nicole Prause a se buileng. Eng Steele et al., 2013 ha e le hantle e boletse "tse fumanoeng ke boko":

"P300 e bolela bolelele ba boemo bo botle ba thobalano bo ne bo le bobe ho feta maemo a sa thabiseng, le a monate-eseng a thobalano"

Translation: Basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba e-na le maqheka a mangata-a reactivity (litemana tse phahameng tsa EEG) ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa thobalano tse hlakileng mabapi le litšoantšo tse sa nkeheng. Sena se tšoana hantle le se etsahalang ha lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li pepesoa ho tse ling tse amanang le tsona bona lemalla ntho.

Eng Steele et al., 2013 e hlile e re ke "litlhoko tsa thobalano":

"Ho se tšoane ha boholo ba P300 ho ea ka mokhoa o motle oa ho kopanela liphate, ho amana le ho se nke lehlakore, ho ne ho amana hampe le mehato ea takatso ea thobalano, empa ha e amana le mehato ea bosodoma."

Phetolelo: Ho bolela ho se tsotelle takatso. Batho ba nang le boits'oaro bo bongata ba ho itlosa bolutu ba ho kopanela liphate ba ne ba e-na le takatso e tebileng ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane (empa e se takatso ea ho itlosa bolutu). Ho beha ka tsela e 'ngoe - batho ba nang le ts'ebetso ea boko bo feteletseng le litakatso tsa bootsoa ba ratang ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali ho feta ho kopanela liphate le motho oa sebele.

Hammoho tsena tse peli Steele et al. Liphuputso li bontša hore ho na le mosebetsi o moholo oa bokooa ho litšoantšo (litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro), leha ho le joalo ho se hokae ho khutlela meputsong ea tlhaho (thobalano le motho). Ka bobeli ke matšoao a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, e bontšang ho hlohlelletsa le ho fokotsa ts'oaetso. Ho fana ka maikutlo ho tlase ho Psychology kajeno hlahlobeloa ea Prause, Moprofesa ea phahameng oa thuto ea kelello o hlahileng John A. Johnson o itse:

"Kelello ea ka e ntse e e-na le maikutlo a hore litsebo tsa bafo ba hae ha lia arabela litšoantšong tsa thobalano tse kang bokooa ba lithethefatsi, hobane li fana ka litlaleho tse phahameng tsa P300 bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Feela joaloka ba lemalloang ba bonang li-spikes tsa P300 ha li hlahisoa le lithethefatsi tsa tsona tse khethileng. O ne a ka etsa qeto joang e fapaneng le liphello tsa sebele??

John Johnson o tsoela pele:

Mocha oa Mustanski o botsa, "Sepheo sa thuto e ne e le eng?" 'Me Prause o arabela, "Phuputso ea rona e ile ea leka hore na batho ba tlaleha mathata a joalo [mathata a ho laola tsela eo ba shebellang li-online erotica] ba shebahala eka ke lithethefatsi tse ling tse tsoang likong tsa bokooa litšoantšong tsa thobalano."
Empa thuto eo ha ea ka ea bapisa boitsebiso ba boko bo tsoang ho batho ba nang le mathata a laolang ho shebella ha bona marang-rang a tsoang ho inthaneteng ho fetisetsoeng ke bokooa ho lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi le litlaleho tsa bokooa ho sehlopha se seng sa taolo ea lithethefatsi, e leng tsela e totobetseng ea ho bona hore na boko bo araba joang sehlopha se shebahala joaloka bokooa ba batho ba lemalloang kapa ba sa lemaleng… ..
Kahoo sehlopheng sena se tlalehang mathata a laolang ho shebella ha bona li-online eerotica se na le karabo e matla ea EEG ho litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ho feta mefuta e meng ea litšoantšo. Na ba lemalloang ba bontša karabo e matla ea EEG ha e hlahisoa ka lithethefatsi tsa bona tse khethileng? Ha re tsebe. Na ho tloaelehile, e seng lithethefatsi ho bontša karabo e matla joaloka sehlopha se nang le mathata se ho hlasela? Hape, ha re tsebe. Ha re tsebe hore na mokhoa ona oa EEG o tšoana haholo le mekhoa ea bokooa kapa e sa lemalloang.
Sehlopha sa lipatlisiso sa Prause se bolela hore se khona ho bonts'a hore na likarabo tse phahameng tsa EEG tsa bafo ba tsona bakeng sa ho hlohlelletsa maikutlo ke ho arabela boko kapa ho ba le likarabo tse phahameng tsa bokooa ka ho amahanya lihlopha tsa lipotso tse nang le phapang pakeng tsa likarabo tsa EEG. Empa ho hlalosa phapang pakeng tsa likarabo tsa EEG ke potso e fapaneng ea ho hlahloba hore na karabo ea sehlopha ka kakaretso e shebahala e lemalla kapa che.

Ntle le litlaleho tse ngata tse sa tšehetsoang mochine oa khatiso, ho khathatsa seo Steele et al., 2013 e fetisitse tlhahlobo ea lithaka, kaha e na le mathata a tebileng a lithuto: 1) lihlooho li ne li ho sa tšoanehe (banna, basali, bao e seng litho tsa botona kapa botšehali);; 2) lihlooho li ne li le teng ha e hlahlojoe ke mathata a kelello kapa lithethefatsi;; Thuto ea 3) e ne e le ha ho sehlopha sa taolo sa ho bapisa;; 4) lipotso tsa lipotso li ne li le teng e sa tiisetsoe bakeng sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho lemalla bokhoba.

Tlhaloso ea morao tjena litokomane tsa 8 tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka ho pepesa 'nete ka lipotso tsa Prause EEG: Bootsoa bo Inthaneteng: Seo re se Tsebang le Seo re sa se Tsebeng - Tlhahlobo ea Ts'ebetso (2019)

Bopaki ba sena sa neural sign signaling takatso ke sa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha ho prefrontal cortex [101] le amygdala [102,103], e leng bopaki ba ho khothatsa. Ho kenya letsoho libakeng tsena tsa boko ho hopotsa moputso oa lichelete [104] 'me e ka ba le phello e tšoanang. Ho feta moo, ho na le litlaleho tse phahameng tsa EEG ho basebelisi bana, hammoho le takatso e fokotsehileng ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane, empa eseng ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali [105], ho hong ho bonahatsang phapang pakeng tsa boleng ba boleng [8]. Sena se ka nkuoa e le sesupo sa ho hloka tlhompho.
Leha ho le joalo, thuto ea Steele e na le mefokolo e 'maloa ea mekhoa eo u ka e nahanang (taba ea ho arohana, ho hloka tlhahlobo ea mathata a kelello kapa lithethefatsi, ho ba sieo ha sehlopha sa taolo, le ts'ebeliso ea lipotso tse sa netefatsoang bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) [106]. Thuto ea Prause [107], lekhetlong lena le sehlopha sa taolo, se pheta liphihlelo tsena. Boikarabello ba ts'ebetso ea ho ts'oaroa ha maikutlo le takatso ea ho ts'ebelisoa ha lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa inthaneteng li 'nile tsa khothatsoa ka basali ba bong bo fapaneng [108] le litekanyetso tsa banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang [109].

Tlhaloso e ka holimo, joaloka tse ling, e senola Prause e le ho senya liphihlelo tsa hae ho mecha ea phatlalatso. Joalokaha e ngotsoeng karolong ena, Tlhahisoleseling e fosahetseng le tlhakiso e fosahetseng li lekana bakeng sa thupelo.

Lingoloa, LJ, Menzies, KS, & O'Grady, WL (2004). Kameho ea likhakanyo tsa likhomphutha ho shebeng le ho romeleng lingoliloeng tse hlakileng tsa thobalano ho Marang-rang: ho leka Cooper's "Triple-A Engine". Koranta ea Canada ea Thobalano ea Botho, 13 (3/4), 157. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Ts'ebetsong ea theko ea 'mele joalokaha pampiri ena e sa amehe ka "mefuta e ts'oanang ea ho kopanela liphate". Ho e-na le hoo, RealYBOP e khutlela ho 2003, e fumana thuto e ka ntle (e nang le mokhoa o belaetsang) o bontšang hore ho qaptjoa ha inthanete ho na le tšusumetso e nyenyane tseleng eo re jang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka eona. Laughable mme ha e tsamaisane le pampiri leha e le efe e hatisitsoeng ho tloha. Mohlomong RealYBOP e ka be e balile sena Pampiri ea 2018 ke setho sa selekane sa habo Joshua Grubbs, se ileng sa re:

Hedonic Reinforcement
Karolong ea bobeli ea mohlala, re beha hore IP (inthanete ea bootsoa) e sebeletsa e le matla a matla a ts'ebeliso ea thobalano ea hedonic. Le hoja mesebetsi ea thobalano ea mofuta leha e le efe e ka ba e thabisang ka tekanyo e itseng, IP e fana ka monyetla oa ho kopanya libuka tse tobileng, tse fumanehang habonolo, tse tsoelang pele, le meputso e potlakileng ka tsela e ikhethang le e matla haholo (mohlala, Gola et al., 2016). Mesebetsi e mengata e tloaelehileng, e seng ea ts'ebetso e fana ka maikutlo a mangata (mohlala, Foubert, 2016; Wilson, 2014; Struthers, 2009). Ho phaella moo, litlhaloso tse ling tse seng kae li nahane ka monyetla oa hore IP e emela ho tsosolosa ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang (mohlala, Barrett, 2010; Hilton, 2013; Grinde, 2002) ho latela phetoho ea batho. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale, ha ho so be le tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng e hlahlobang monyetla oa hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li emela moputso o matla haholo oa hedonic. Likarolong tse latelang, re lekola bopaki ba mohato ona oa bobeli….
Ho fihlella ha IP
Bakeng sa batho ba bangata, meputso e fumanoang kapele le ha bonolo hangata e nkuoa e le khetho ho meputso e liehang, leha meputso e liehang e ka ba betere ho feta (mohlala, ho lieha ho khotsofatsa, ho lieha ho theola; Bickel & Marsch, 2001). Ena ke karolo e le 'ngoe ea lintho tse etsang hore lintho tse ngata tse kenyang menyaka, tse matlafatsang kelello li iketsetse tloaelo (mohlala, Bickel & Marsch, 2001): Le ha ho na le mabaka a mang a ka tlatsetsang mekhoeng ea boits'oaro ba boikhohomoso (mohlala, ho its'etleha' meleng, boits'oaro ba lefutso), kamano lipakeng tsa tšusumetso mme moputso oa hanghang e ka ba mokhoa oa ho itloaetsa. Ho aha hodima sena, mosebetsi oa thuto o boletsoeng pejana o phehile khang ea hore hanghang theknoloji ea inthanete ka kakaretso e hlahisa meputso ea boits'oaro ba inthanete ka sekhahla se neng se e-so ka se bonoa ke tse ling, tse seng likhemik'hale (Davis, 2001).
Ho tloha qalong, lipatlisiso tsa IP li 'nile tsa hatisa khafetsa boemo ba hanghang ba tikoloho ea inthanete joalo ka ha bo emela phetoho e ncha le e ka bang le mathata molemong oa moputso o tloaelehileng oa boralitaba tse hlakileng tsa thobalano ka kakaretso (Cooper et al., 1998; Schwartz & Southern, 2000). Le hoja likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse kopanetsoeng ka tloaelo li hloka boiteko ba sechaba 'me ha mecha ea phatlalatso e tloaelehileng, e hatisoang kapa e tlalehiloeng e kopanela liphate e hloka bonyane boiteko le litšenyehelo tse ka fumanoang (mohlala, ho khanna le ho sebelisa chelete ea lipapali e khōlō kapa lebenkele), IP e fumaneha ka potlako le habonolo, e na le melemo e le ho matlafatsa kamano ea boitšoaro bo itseng bakeng sa khotsofalo ea takatso ea thobalano le koloi.
IP e ka 'na ea emela tsela e ikhethang ea ho fumana thabo ea thobalano e kileng ea e-s'o ka e e-s'o ka e e-ba teng ho latela moloko oa batho. Phuputsong ea boleng bo holimo e neng e hlahlojoe (Rothman et al., 2015) ea bocha ba toropo, sehlooho se ka sehloohong se amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le ho fumaneha le bonolo ba phihlello. Ntle le moo, ka har'a sampole e ts'oanang, ho ne ho boetse ho na le litlaleho tsa ts'ebeliso ea IP, ka karolo e 'ngoe, ka lebaka la boiketlo boo IPU e khotsofatsang litakatso tsa thobalano kapa ho imolla tsitsipano ea thobalano. IP e ne e le bonolo ho e sebelisa, e tlatselitseng ho sebeliseng mekhoa.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, thutong ea boleng bo phahameng (Löfgren-Mårtenson & Månsson, 2010), ea bacha ba Sweden (N= 73; 49% monna; Palo ea 14-20), IPU e ne e hlalosoa e le mokhoa o potlakileng le o bonolo oa ho fumana thabo ea thobalano le ho lokolla tsitsipano ea thobalano. Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tsena li fana ka tšehetso ea hore qeto e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse ikhethang tsa inthanete ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho fana ka moputso hang-hang ka thobalano le takatso.

Litlhahlobo tsa morao-rao tse buang ka mefuta e khethehileng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (u tseba, ho tloha bochabeng bo pharaletseng, libaka tsa li-tube tsa bootsoa, li-fono tsa fono, li-porn-VR, joalo-joalo)

> Varfi, N., Rothen, S., Jasiowka, K., Lepers, T., Bianchi-Demichelli, F., & Khazaal, Y.> Sepheo sa ho kopanela liphate, ho se tsitsisehe, takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, boikutlo bo botle, le ho nyolla liphate tsa boitšoaro bo bobe. Tlhaloso e feletseng

Analysis: Ha ke na bonnete ba hore na hobaneng ha Prause a thathamisitse pampiri ena. Ha ho na tsela eo liphetho li "thetsang" mofuta oa tahi. E kanna ea hauheloa hobane e re takatso ea thobalano ke phapang e le 'ngoe e amanang le ho lemalla ho ts'oaroa ka thobalano - mme Ley le Prause hangata ba re ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ke takatso e phahameng ea thobalano. Joalokaha ho boletsoe libakeng tse ling, Liphuputso tse fetang 25 li thetsa taba ea hore batho ba kopanelang liphate le batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate "ba na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano", ho kenyeletsoa le thuto e tummeng hampe ea Prause - Steele et al., 2013.

Seo se itse, takatso ea thobalano e ne e le qetellong lethathamong ea mefuta e fapaneng e amanang le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng

Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo 3 (li-coefficients), liphello li bontša hore tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa maemong a CIUS ke maikutlo a tepeletseng, a lateloa ke mokhoa oa ho qoba mokhoa oa ho itšoara, banna le takatso ea thobalano.

Ho boleloa libakeng tse ling, re na le lipalo tse ke keng tsa rarolloa tsa ho nyenyefatsa "takatso ea thobalano" ea 'nete ho "takatso ea ho e sebelisa": Bohle ba amehang ba arolelana mekhoa ea methapo ea maikutlo 'me ba hlahlojoa ka lipotso tse tšoanang. Haeba motho a arabela e, ho batla ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ke hore takatso e phahameng, kapa litakatso tsa ho sebelisa, kapa maikutlo a mohlankana ea lilemong tsa bocha?

Fuss, J., Briken, P., Stein, DJ, & Lochner, C. (2019). Bothata ba boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate bothateng bo fetelletseng-bo qobelloang: Ho ata le boits'oaro bo amanang le tsona. Leqephe la litloaelo tsa boitšoaro, 1-7. Tlhaloso e feletseng

Tlhahlobo: Alliance e senya sepheo sa lithuto le mashano ka seo e hlileng e se boletseng. Mona, re fana ka mantsoe a bangoli ba litsebi, eseng litlolo. Ho hanyetsa batho ba tloaelehileng ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ho hlile ho mpa feela e le mofuta oa OCD, phuputso eo e tlalehile litekanyetso tse tšoanang tsa ts'oaetso ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (CSBD) ho ba nang le bothata bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate (OCD) e fumanehang ho batho bohle:

Phuputsong ena, re ne re thahasella ho ata le mekhoa e amanang le likamano le lik'hemik'hale tsa CSBD ho bakuli ba nang le OCD. Ntlha ea pele, re fumane hore 3.3% ea bakuli ba nang le OCD ba na le CSBD ea morao-rao 'me 5.6% e na le CSBD ea bophelo bohle, e nang le ho ata ha banna ho feta basali.
Qetellong, lintlha tsa rona li bontša seo litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha CSBD ho OCD li tšoana le tsa batho ba bangata le lihlopha tse ling tsa ho hlahloba

Ka hona, kaha likhahla tsa CSBD li lemalloang ke batho ba babeli le batho ba bangata ba ne ba lekana, thobalano le lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa ke eseng mefuta ea OCD. Ho feta moo, Alliance e ile ea bua leshano ha e re bangoli ba itse CSBD ha ea lokela ho nkuoa e le tahi. Polelo e latelang e hlaha ho "kakaretso ea sengoli" ea Selekane, empa ho joalo eseng thutong:

"Tlhahiso ena e ts'ehetsa khopolo ea CSBD e le boloetse bo qobelloang, empa eseng ka mathata a bakoang ke ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa boits'oaro bo lemalloang."

Selekane se kopantse likotoana ho tloha sephethong - ntle le moelelo - ho fana ka maikutlo a fosahetseng. Qotsulo ea 'nete e tsoang pampiring:

Qetellong, litlaleho tsa rona li bontša hore litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha CSBD ho OCD li tšoana le tsa batho ba bangata le lihlopha tse ling tsa ho hlahloba. Ho feta moo, re fumane tMokhatlo oa CSBD oa OCD o ne o ka 'na oa e-ba khahlanong le mathata a mang a tsitlellang maikutlo, a qobelloang le a maikutlo, empa eseng ka lithethefatsi tse amanang le boitšoaro kapa litšila. Ho fumanoa hona ho tšehetsa khopolo ea CSBD e le boloetse bo qobellang ho qobella batho ba bang.

Phetolelo: Lihlooho ba utloang bohloko ka bobeli “Boloetse bo feteletseng bo tlisoang ke ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate” LE “tlhekefetso ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate” ho ka etsahala hore li be le mathata a eketsehileng a kelello. empa ba eseng ho ka etsahala hore ebe o na le E eketsehileng boitšoaro kapa lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi. Sena, hape, se fana ka maikutlo a hore OCD le lithethefatsi li fapane le mathata a kelello (joalo ka melaetsa ea bongaka ea ts'oaetso, joalo ka DSM le ICD, e amohelehang ka sebele). Ho tsoa thutong:

Hape re fumane hore likarolo tse 'maloa tse ling li ne li le teng ho bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD ho feta ba se nang CSBD.

Ha ho moo pampiri e buang hore CSBD e lokela ho ba teng eseng e-ba le maikutlo a ho lemalla. Ho e-na le hoo, pampiri e fana ka maikutlo a hore CSBD e ka ba hantle ho na le maikutlo a ho lemalla, hobane ho lemala ho boetse ho nahanoa joalo ka bobeli khatello ea ho qobella le e se nang maikutlo. Sheba pampiri ena ka litsebi tsa sebele: Ho pheta-pheta karolo ea ho se ts'oanehe le ho qobelloa ho ba le bothata ba ho ba le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ka mathata, (2018). Ka mantsoe a mang, "mathata a qobelloang a susumetsoang" (joalo ka CSBD) a joalo eseng "Mathata a ho lemalla ho qobella" (OCD). Se ke oa ferekana!

Carvalho, J., Štulhofer, A., Vieira, AL, le Jurin, T. (2015).. Bosodoma le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate: Ho hlahloba sebopeho sa bothata ba ho kopanela liphate. Koranta ea thobalano, 12 (6), 1356-1367. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance Alexander Štulhofer. Joalokaha kakaretso ea Deniers e boletse, "Thuto ea rona e tšehetsa ho khetholla ha bosodoma le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano.”Sengoloa:

Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tse hlahisitsoeng li tsebisa phehisano ka bosodoma ka litsela tse ngata. Ntlha ea pele, takatso e phahameng ea ho kopanela liphate le ho kopanela liphate hangata ha hoa ka ha e-ba teng haholo le liphello tse bohloko tse amanang le thobalano. The Liphello li tšehetsa phapang pakeng tsa takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano.

Ka mantsoe a mang, e Štulhofer ho ithuta, hammoho le lithuto tsena tsa 25, ho etsa hore ho buuoe hangata hoo ho kopanela liphate le ba lemaletseng boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate "ba nang le takatso e phahameng ea ho kopanela liphate."

Khoeli, JW, Krems, JA, Cohen, AB, & Kenrick, DT (2019). Na ha ho letho le halalelang? Bolumeli, thobalano le mekhoa ea ho ikatisa. Tsamaiso ea Hona joale ho Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419838242 Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko e tlaase ha pampiri ena e sa amane le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa "mehlala ea bosodoma".

Bacha, J., Christoff, K., & Gorzalka, BB (2010). Ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate: Phapang e haha ?. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 39 (5), 1029-1043. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance Jason Winters. Ho fapana le thuto e fetileng ea Štulhofer, ena e tlalehile hore "Banna le basali ba tlalehileng hore ba ntse ba batla kalafo e fumanoang haholo holima mehato ea ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano le takatso ea thobalano.”Joalokaha thuto ea Štulhofer e hlalositse, thuto ea Winters e ne e e-na le liphoso tse mpe kaha e ne e sebelisa Scale ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho Kopanela Liphate (SCS)

Sena se fapana ka ho hlaka le sephetho sa Winters et al. Mabapi le ho ba le takatso e matla pakeng tsa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate [5]. Tlhaloso e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng bakeng sa liphuputso tse sa tsejoeng ke mehato e fapaneng e sebelisetsoang ho bontša bosodoma ho liphuputso tse peli. Ka mohlala, thuputsong ea hona joale, liphello tse bohloko tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka lethathamong le tebileng haholoanyane. Ho feta moo, Winters et al. ba sebelisitse ho lekaneng ka ho kopanela liphate [36], e 'nileng ea khothalletsoa hore e fapane ka katleho pakeng tsa ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le ho pepeseha liphihlelo tsa thobalano le liteko [4,37].

Ho phaella moo, tekano ea ho kopanela liphate ha e le teko ea tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi kapa ea basali. E bōpiloe ka 1995 mme e entsoe ka thobalano e sa laoleheng likamano ka kelello (mabapi le ho batlisisa seoa sa AIDS). The SCS e re:

"Na tekanyo e 'nile ea etsoa [e bontšitsoe?] Ho bolela esale pele litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, lipalo tsa balekane ba thobalano, tloaelo ea mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea thobalano, le litlaleho tsa maloetse a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano."

Ho feta moo, moqapi oa SCS o lemosa hore sesebelisoa sena se ke ke sa bontša hore ke psychopathology ho basali,

"Litloaelano pakeng tsa likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate le likarolo tse ling tsa mafu a kelello li bontša mekhoa e fapaneng bakeng sa banna le basali; ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho ne ho amahanngoa le li-index tsa psychopathology ho banna empa eseng ho basali. "

Ntle ho taba ea hore Liphuputso tse ling tsa 25 li hanyetsa boipiletso ba hore ho kopanela liphate le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate "ba na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano, ho bohlokoa ho sebetsana le polelo e sa kholoeng ea hore "takatso e phahameng ea thobalano" e amana ka botlalo le bokhoba ba thobalano. Ho hloka kelello ha eona hoa hlaka haeba motho a nahana ka likhopolo-taba tse ipapisitseng le lithethefatsi tse ling. (Bakeng sa tse ling bona– Takatso e phahameng ', kapa' feela 'tahi? Karabo ho Steele et al., ea Donald L. Hilton, Jr., MD.)

Ka mohlala, na maikutlo a joalo a bolela hore ho ba boima haholo, ho sitoa ho laola lijo, le ho se thabe haholo ka eona, ke feela "takatso e matla ea lijo?" Ho phaella pele, motho o lokela ho etsa qeto ea hore lino tse tahang li na le takatso e phahameng ea joala, ho nepahetse? Ka bokhutšoanyane, bohle ba lemalloang ba na le "takatso e phahameng" kapa litakatso tsa lithethefatsi tsa bona tse feteletseng le mesebetsi (hape e tsejoa e le "ho hlokomelisa"), le ha thabo ea bona ea mesebetsi e joalo e fokotseha ka lebaka la mamello kapa tloaelo.

Ho lemalla lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka bohona ho hlahisa ho le thata ho iphapanyetsa litakatso tse atisang ho hlaha e le "menahano, maikutlo le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa thobalano." Mohlala, litlhahiso, joalo ka ho bulela komporo, ho bona tse itlhahisang, kapa ho ba mong, li baka litakatso tse matla tsa bootsoa. Ba bang ba hlalosa karabelo e khothatsang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le "ho kena ka kotopong e phonyohileng hanngoe: litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." Hona joale ho na le lithuto tsa 27 tse tlalehang sensitization (cue-reactivity, litakatso tsa ho li sebelisa) ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ba lemaletseng thobalano: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Ho nahana feela hore "takatso ea ho kopanela liphate e phahameng" e felisa boteng ba tahi. Ke motho feela ea nang le koetliso e lekaneng ea ho lemalla ho lemalla qeto e joalo.

Oeming, M. (2018). Tlhahlobo e ncha ea tšabo ea khale? Ho hlokomoloha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka puo ea mehleng ea US. Lithuto tsa Bootsoa, 5 (2), 213-216. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, 'me u hlophise seithuti, Madita Oeming. Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Ha se thuto ebile ha e fane ka leseli la "mehlala e fapaneng ea bosodoma," e leng karolo eo e ngotsoeng ho eona. Ha e le hantle, ke maikutlo a mang a sa tsamaisoang hantle a tsamaisoang ke ajenda Litlhahiso tsa bootsoa, a Sengoloa sa VICE sa Madita Oeming sa morao-rao bolumeli bo molato le mecha ea phatlalatso ea bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa o lumela hore ha a tsebe letho ka bokhoba, kapa neuroscience, kapa lithuto tsa methapo ho basebelisi ba porno, kapa lithuto tsa kelello ho porno, jj.

Ha ke setsebi sa methapo ea mafu kapa setsebi sa kelello se itšoereng, kahoo ha ke na boiphihlelo ba ho ahlola hore na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li hlile li lemalla 'mele. Empa pele, ho tla tšohloa har'a ba nang le boiphihlelo bona. Le ha joale WHO e nkile qeto ea "boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate", ho kenyeletsoa le "tšebeliso e feteletseng ea" porno " , ho tloha 2022 ho kenyeletsa lethathamong la bona la tlhahlobo ea mafu. 'Me ea bobeli, ke sebetsana le ho hong ho fapaneng ka ho felletseng. Joaloka rasaense oa setso, er, mofetoleli oa lithoko, ke utloisisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le pale.

Moithuti oa lithoko?

Kakaretso ea Alliance ha e hlomphehe ebile e utloahala joalo ka ha eka e ngotsoe ke MindGeek:

Ntle le lihlopha tsa bolumeli tse tsosang takatso ea bolumeli, tse tsitsitseng le tse khahlanong le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho na le mechine e mengata ea phekolo e susumelletsoang ke lichelete e hlahisitse matla a ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa. [Bopaki?] Bobeli ba theha mokamo o matla naheng eohle e sa tsilatsileng ho sebelisa mokhoa leha e le ofe o hlokahalang ho khutsisa lipatlisiso tse ka hanyetsanang (Prause le Fong 2015, 439).

Bua ka spin. Oeming e bua ka lihlopha tse qhalakaneng tsa lingaka tse lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate e le 'mochini o matla oa kalafo o matlafatsang chelete, "ha a ntse a iphapanyetsa hohle, indasteri ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e hohelang hohle, e hanang ts'enyo eo e e bakang leha ho na le bopaki bo bongata bo hlahlojoang ke lithaka. Joale Oeming o qotsa Prause, a phatlalatsa hore "kamohelo e matla" ena e sebelisa mekhoa efe kapa efe e hlokahalang ho khutsisa lipatlisiso tse ka bang khahlanong le tsona.

Ha e le hantle, ke Prause ea sebelisitseng "mekhoa efe kapa efe e hlokahalang" ho hlekefetsa le ho senya motho mang kapa mang ea fanang ka maikutlo a hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka baka mathata. Ke Prause ea sebelitseng ka sekhukhu ho leka (ka mokhoa o hlokang toka) hore lipatlisiso li thibeloe, libui li hlakoloe, 'me lithuto li haneloe ho phatlalatsoa le / kapa ho huloa. Boholo ba boitšoaro bo bobe ba Prause le ka linako tse ling bo seng molaong bo tlalehiloe maqepheng a latelang:

Leha ho le joalo, liketsahalo tse 'maloa tse ling li etsahetse hore ha re na bolokolohi ba ho senola - joalokaha bahlaseluoa ba Prause ba tšaba ho iphetetsa.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa: Le hoja Prause a tsoela pele ho bua ka bohata hore ke "motho ea hlokofalitsoeng," ke Prause ea qalileng ho hlekahlekoa ho batho ka bomong le mekhatlo e thathamisitsoeng maqepheng a ka holimo. Ha ho motho maqepheng ao a hlekefetsang Nicole Prause. Mantsoe a hae a qaptjoang ka ho ba mohlankana oa "ho otloloha" kapa ea misogyny ka "bahanyetsi ba khahlanong le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba haelloa ke boitsebiso bo lekaneng ba litokomane.

Bopaki bohle Boipiletso bo fana ka boithati: ho na le litlhaloso tse le 'ngoe feela, melaetsa e seng mekae e tsoang ho eena ho ea ho ba bang e hlalosang hore ho hlekefetsoa, le mekhoa e mehlano e se nang boikemelo e khaotsa ho tlohela le ho tlohela mangolo a nang le liqoso tsa bohata. U tla boela u bone bopaki ba litletlebo tse seng kae tse mpe tsa mefuta-futa Prause e hlahisitse mekhatlo e fapaneng ea tsamaiso - e qhetsoeng ka ho feletseng kapa ea phenyekolloa le ho lelekoa. O bonahala a hlahisa litletlebo tsena tse bobebe e le hore a ka tsoela pele ho mo batla hore a fuoe sepheo sa hae kaofela ha "a hlahlojoa."

Phumiso ha e fane ka mehlala ea sepheo sa ho hlaseloa ke li-cybering kapa ebang ke ka tweet, Facebook, kapa ho hokahanya le maqephe a YBOP. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Puseletso ea Twitter e fepa ka lekhetlo le le leng hang makholo le makholo ea tweets e sa hlakileng le e sa nepahalang e hlalosang Wilson le ba bang ba bangata (Prause e se e tlosoa ka tweets ea 3,000). Ka mantsoe a bonolo, Puseletso e thehile litšōmo ka bopaki bo hlakileng, ha e ntse e le haufi-ufi tumellanong le indasteri ea bootsoa.

Thapelo, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2016). Prause et al. (2015) mekhoa ea ho qetela ea ho lemala. Kelello ea likokoana-hloko, 120, 159-161. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Nicole Prause. Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko e seng thuto, Ho e-na le hoo, tlhaloso ena e khutšoanyane e iketsa eka ke ts'ireletso ea thuto ea 2015 ea EEG e nyatsitsoeng haholo ea Prause (e tšohloang kae kae). Ha ho joalo ebile ha e atlehe ho rarolla eng kapa eng lipampiring tsena tse 9 tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka: Litlhaloso tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa Prause et al., 2015 Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo, Prause et al., 2015, ha se kamoo e shebahalang e le kateng. Le hoja Prause ka sebete a tsitsitse hore eena a le mong, thuto ea EEG e fokolang ka ho teba e ne e entse hore ho be le bothata ba ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, litokomane tse robeli tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka ha li lumellane. Lipampiri tsohle tsa 9 li lumellana le seo Prause et al., 2015 ha e le hantle ba fumane ts'oaetso kapa ba tloaelehileng ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa (e leng ntho e ts'oanang le ho tsuba).

Prause o qotsitse lithuto tse ngata tse tšoanang lengolong la hae leo a le khethileng mme a le fetisetsa ho leqephe lena la "lipatlisiso" le nyatsoang mona. Lipolelo tsohle tsa Prause le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lipampiri tse khethiloeng ka ciliegia (ha a ntse a hlokomoloha makholo a hanyetsa liqoso tsa hae), li hlakotsoe ka botlalo mona: Tlhaloso ea: Lengolo ho mohlophisi "Prause et al. (2015) lits'oants'o tsa morao-rao tsa liketsahalo tsa ho lemala "(2016), ke Nicole Prause, Vaughn R. Steele, Cameron Staley, Dean Sabatinelli, Greg Hajcake.

Prause, N., Janssen, E., Georgiadis, J., Finn, P., & Pfaus, J. (2017). Lintlha ha li tšehetse thobalano e le lithethefatsi. Lancet Psychiatry, 4 (12), 899. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliances Nicole Prause, Peter Finn, Erick Jansen le Janniko Georgiadis. Ha se thuto. Lengolo lena le ngotsoeng ka Letlalo la ho ngola Lancet, e ngotsoeng ke lilekane tse 'nè (Erick Janssen, Janniko Georgiadis, Peter Finn le James Pfaus), e ne e le karabo ea lengolo le leng le lekhutšoanyane: Na boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate ke lefu la ho lemala? (Potenza et. al., 2017), ba ngotsoeng ke litsebi tsa ho lemalla Marc Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Valerie Voon, Ariel Kor le Shane Kraus.

Mona Molaetsa o ama le lengolo la mangolo a mangata ho mohlophisi e le "debunking" boteng ba ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho lemala ho kopanela liphate (tse tsejoang e le "Mathata a boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate" nakong e tlang ICD-11). Empa ha ho joalo. Sena Puo ea maikutlo ea 240 (Prause et al., 2017) e qotsa lithuto tsa ts'ehetso ho tšehetsa lipolelo tsa eona, ho fane ka polelo e le 'ngoe e le' ngoe e le 'ngoe, e bonolo habonolo e le eona feela "bopaki" e khahlanong le mokhoa oa ho lemalla:

Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tsa liteko ha li tšehetse likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa ho lemalla lintho tse kang ho eketseha ha tšebeliso, ho thatafalloa ho laola litakatso, liphello tse mpe, moputso oa ho haelloa ke moputso, lefu la ho ikhula le ho khaotsa ho mamella, ho mamellana, kapa ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba nako.

Tlhaloso ena e pharaletseng, Tlhahlobo ea "Data ha e tšehetse thobalano e le meriana" (Prause et al., 2017), ho hlahisa lipolelo tse makatsang tse hlahang Lengolong la Molimo. E boetse e fana ka ts'ehetso e kholo ea tšebeliso bakeng sa lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ho lemala, e leng Prause et al. lipolelo tsa bohata li haelloa ke patlisiso ea morao tjena. Joalokaha u tla bona, ho eketseha ha mosebetsi, bothata ba ho laola litakatso, liphello tse mpe, ho ba le bothata ba ho fokotseha ha moputso, lefu la ho itokolla, le ho mamelloa / tloaelo kaofela li fumanoe liphuputsong tse ngata tsa batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / tsa CSB. Ho feta moo, likarolo tse amohelehang tsa meriana ea ho lemala, tse kang ho hlohlelletsa, ho rata likarolo tse ngata tse sa rateheng, likarabo tse sa sebetsaneng tsa likorte le khatello ea maikutlo e sa sebetseng kaofela li tlalehiloe tse ngata ho tsena Liphuputso tse thehiloeng ho 42 tse fanang ka maikutlo a meriana.

Ka ts'ebetso, ba bararo ba balekane ba bane ba Prause Lancet o ile a ba a mo fa lebitso la hae 2016 pejana Salt Lake Tribune Tlhōlisano ea ho loantšana ha Op-Ed ea Meriana e Mecha le boemo ba eona litabeng tsa bootsoa ba inthanete. Seo Salt Lake Tribune Mantsoe a 600-Op-Ed a ne a le mabeli a nang le lipolelo tse sa tšehetsoeng tse neng li lekantsoe ho khelosa sechaba se neng se le teng. 'Me bangoli ba eona, Prause le metsoalle, ba hlōlehile ho tšehetsa ntho e le' ngoe eo ba e entseng. Op-Ed e boletse feela lipampiri tsa 4 - ho ne ho se letho le amanang le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, liphello tsa bootsoa likamanong, kapa mathata a ho kopanela liphate a bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate. Litsebi tse 'maloa li ile tsa arabela ka ho qhaqhoa ha Puseletso ea Ed-Prause: Mohlophisi: Ke mang ea hlalosang hampe saense litšoantšong tsa bootsoa? (2016). Ho fapana le "litsebi tsa methapo ea kutlo" tsa Op-Ed ea pele, bangoli ba karabelo ba bontšitse lipalo tse makholo tsa lithuto le litlhahlobo tse ngata tsa lingoliloeng e neng e tšehetsa lipolelo tsa bona.

Retelehela ho Prause Lancet boiteko, re lokela ho bolela hore hase e 'ngoe ea tse hlano Prause et al., Baemeli ba 2017 ba kileng ba hatisa thuto e amanang netefatsoa "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa tsa ho kopanela liphate."Ho feta moo, ba bang ba ngotseng Prause Lancet lengolo le na le litlaleho tsa ho latola le ho hlasela ka bohale khopolo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tsa thobalano (ka tsela eo ho bonts'a khethollo e makatsang). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e mong le e mong oa bahlano Potenza et al. Bitsoli ba 2017 (ba ngotseng lengolo la pele tabeng ena Lancet) o phatlalalitse lithuto tse ngata tse amanang le litaba tse nang le khatello ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate (ho akarelletsa le lithuto tsa bokooa ba bokooa bathong ba bootsoa le ba lemaletseng thobalano)

Walton, MT, & Bhullar, N. (2018). Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate e le bothata ba ho laola maikutlo: ho letetse dintlha tsa thuto ea tšimo. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, 1-5. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Eseng thuto. Ke tlhaloso ea lingaka tse peli tsa thobalano (ebile ha se bo-rasaense) ba ngolang lipampiri khafetsa le setho sa Alliance James Cantor. Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko le khetho ea ciliegia. Tlhaloso ena e maqephe a 3 e supa lipampiri tse 25 feela: tse robeli tsa tsona le tse ling tse hlano ke litho tsa Alliance. Tlhaloso e sitoa ho bua ka efe kapa efe ea Liphuputso tse thehiloeng ho 43 tse fanang ka maikutlo a kelello e phatlalalitsoe lithutong tsa CSB kapa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Sebakeng sa ho qotsa tlhaloso ea Walton mabapi le "Tikoloho ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba botona le botšehali" hobaneng ha Deniers a sa ka a fana ka litlhaloso tse nang le boikarabello, tse phatlalalitsoeng khatisong eona eo ea koranta eo?

Ee, ha li tšoane le lenane la bahanyetsi.

Ley, DJ (2018). Pusudoscience ka mor'a hore molao oa sechaba o be le mathata a bophelo bo botle. Lithuto tsa Bootsoa, 5 (2), 208-212. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Setho sa Alliance David Ley. Ha se thuto. Shoddy, se nepahetseng, se-pro-porn-propagande sehlahisoa se bonang joaloka se seng sa Ley Psychology kajeno melaetsa ea blog. YBOP e ile ea utloa ho sa hlokahale ho sebetsana le molatsoana oa Ley oa tsebo e phatlalalitsoeng ho batho ba belaetsang haholo Litlhahiso tsa bootsoa. Bakeng sa ho qaqisa lintlha tsohle tsa puisano ea Ley, YBOP e fana ka maikutlo a sengoloa sena - Ho senyeha ha karabelo ea David Ley ho Philip Zimbardo: "Re tlameha ho itšetleha ka saense e ntle ho phehisana khang ea litšoantšo"(March, 2016), kapa ho felisoa hona hoo ha Ley ka mokhoa o tummeng oa leshano la Ley - Polelo ea "Moemphera ha a na liaparo: Tlhaloso ea 'Mofuta oa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa'”(2014), David Ley, Nicole Prause le Peter Finn. Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko.

Hlokomela: Ley et al., 2014 e hatisitsoe ke koranta Litlaleho tsa hona joale tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano, Karolong ea bona ea "Likhohlano Tsa Hajoale". Mohlophisi oa Karolo ea Litsekisano, mme ka hona pampiri ea Ley, e ne e le setho sa setho sa Alliance Charles Moser. Moser o ile a ikopanya le Ley le Prause ho "debunk" bokhoba ba bootsoa ho February seboka sa 2015 ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Boithuto ba Bophelo ba Basali ba Thobalano: Ley, Prause, Moser ebe Litlaleho tsa hona joale tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano mohlophisi ea ka sehloohong Perelman o ile a hlahisa lenaneo la li-symposium la hora ea 2: "Ho lemalla lithethefatsi, ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, kapa OCD e 'ngoe feela? ” Bo-Deniers bana ba qetile lilemo ba sebetsa e le sehlopha, ba na le lenanetsamaiso.

Prause, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2015). Ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo ka mekhoa e metle ea nako e telele ka litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho basebelisi ba mathata le litsamaiso tse sa lumellaneng le "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa". Kelello ea likokoana-hloko, 109, 192-199. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Setho sa Alliance Nicole Prause. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, Prause et al., 2015, ha se seo e shebahalang e le sona, ebile ha e na leshano. Le hoja Prause ka sebete a tsitsitse hore eena a le mong, thuto ea EEG e fokolang ka ho teba e ne e entse hore ho be le bothata ba ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, Lipampiri tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa 8 ha li lumellane. Lipampiri tsohle tse robeli lia lumela joalo Prause et al., 2015 e kanna ea fumana ho hloka boikemisetso kapa ho lula bathong ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa (ketsahalo e tsamaisanang le temallo)Litlhaloso tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa Prause et al., 2015

Liphello: Ha li bapisoa le litsamaiso "batho ba nang le mathata a laolang ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa" ba ne ba e-na le likarabo tse fokolang tsa boko bo hlahelang ka lekhetlo le le leng ho lifoto tsa vanilla tse hlephisang boitšoaro. The mongoli oa pele e bolela liphetho tsena "debunk bootsoa bo hlephileng." Eng rasaense ea tummeng ba ne ba tla bolela hore thuto ea bona e se nang boits'oaro e kentse a tšimo e tsitsitseng ea thuto?

Ha e le hantle, liphuputso tsa Prause et al. 2015 lumellana ka ho phethahetseng le Kühn & GallinaT (2014), e leng ho fumanoang hore litšoantšo tse ling tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li tsamaisana hantle le ho sebelisoa ha boko bo fokolang ho latela litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa vanilla Prause et al. Liphuputso li boetse li lumellana le Banca et al. 2015 e leng #13 lenaneng lena. Ho feta moo, thuto e 'ngoe ea EEG e fumane hore tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho basali e tsamaellanang le ts'ebeliso e nyane ea boko ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lipalo tse tlase tsa EEG li bolela hore lihlooho ha li ele hloko litšoantšo. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa ba ne ba sa rate litšoantšo tse litšila tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. Ba ne ba jeoa ke bolutu (ba tloaetse kapa ba sa rate). Bona sena YBOP e batsi haholo.

Prause e phatlalatsa hore litemana tsa EEG li hlahlojoa "cue-reactivity" (ho hlohlelletsa), ho e-na le tloaelo. Esita le haeba Prause e ne e nepahetse, o hlokomoloha habonolo bothata ba "khopolo ea bohata": Haeba Prause et al. 2015 ba ne ba fumane mokhoa o fokolang oa ho sebelisana le ba bang ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa, lithuto tse ling tsa bokooa ba 24 li tlalehile boikutlo ba maikutlo kapa litakatso (ts'ebetsong) ho batlatsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Saense ha e tsamaee le thuto e ikemetseng e senyehileng e sitisoang ke mekhoa e tebileng ea litsela; saense e tsamaea le ho senyeha ha bopaki (ntle le uena li tsamaisoa).

Mohlomong u ntse u ipotsa hore na hobaneng thuto ea EEG ea pele le e tsebahalang haholo ea EEG e sa kenyelletsoa lenaneng la lithuto tsa Alliance: Takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, eseng bosodoma, e amana le likarabo tsa li-neurophysiological tse hlalositsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa thobalano (Steele et al., 2013). Ha e le hantle, e ne e feletsoe mecheng ea litaba e le bopaki khahlanong le boteng ba ho lemalla boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le thobalano Ho feta moo, David Ley le 'muelli oa lithuto Nicole Prause ba ile ba qala ho ngola Psychology kajeno poso ea blog ka Steele et al., 2013 e bitsoang "Boko ba Hao Litšoantšong Tsa Botho - HA HO TŠEPA". (O boetse o lebisa tlhokomelo ho Gary Wilson le websaeteng ea hae).

Ke ka lebaka lena: Steele et al. li tlalehile liphihlelo tse hanyetsanang ka ho toba le Prause et al., Liphetho tsa 2015. Kapa o ne o tla nahana joalo haeba u ka bapisa likhetho tsa lithuto tse peli tsa EEG. Ha e le hantle, Steele et al. - joalo ka Prause et al. - e fana ka ts'ehetso ea boteng ba bohloeki ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa ho laola takatso ea thobalano. Joang joale? Steele et al. e tlalehile litlaleho tse phahameng tsa EEG (ho amana le litšoantšo tse sa nke lehlakore) ha lihlooho li ne li pepesitsoe lifoto tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Liphuputso li bontša khafetsa hore P300 e phahameng e etsahala ha meriana e pepesehela lits'ebetsong (tse kang litšoantšo) tse amanang le lithethefatsi tsa bona. Ka ho makatsang, 'muelli Prause o ne a bolela hore basebeletsi ba litšoantšo ba litšoantšo ba ts'oanela ho ba le "libido tse phahameng," leha ho le joalo liphello tsa thuto li re e fapaneng ka ho toba (takatso ea lihlooho tsa thobalano e kopanetsoeng e ne e theoha ho amanang le tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo).

Hammoho tsena tse peli Steele et al. liphuputso li bonts'a tšebetso e kholo ea boko ho etsa litšoantšo (litšoantšo tsa bootsoa), leha ho le joalo e se e sa sebetse haholo ho meputso ea tlhaho (thobalano le motho). Ke ho matlafatsa le ho hloka boithati, e leng matšoao a ho lemala. Litokomane tse supileng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka li hlalosa 'nete: Litlhaloso tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa Steele et al., 2013

Ntle le litlaleho tse ngata tse sa tšehetsoang mochine oa khatiso, hoa khathatsa hore thuto ea Practitioner ea 2013 EGG e fetisitse tlhahlobo ea lithaka, kaha e ne e e-na le mathata a tebileng a litsela: 1) lihlooho li ne li le teng ho sa tšoanehe (banna, basali, bao e seng litho tsa botona kapa botšehali);; 2) lihlooho li ne li le teng ha e hlahlojoe ke mathata a kelello kapa lithethefatsi;; Thuto ea 3) e ne e le ha ho sehlopha sa taolo sa ho bapisa;; 4) lipotso tsa lipotso li ne li le teng e sa tiisetsoe bakeng sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho lemalla bokhoba. Steele at al. e na le liphoso tse mpe hoo 4 feela ea litlhahiso tsa lingoliloeng tsa 21 le litlhaloso khathatseha ho e bolela: ba babeli ba e nyatsa e le saense e sa amoheleheng sa saense, ha ba babeli ba bolela hore ho na le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane (lipontšo tsa tahi).

Ke habohlokoa ho tseba seo Prause et al., 2015 LE Steele et al., 2013 e ne e le lihlooho tse tšoanang. Ke hobane'ng ha thuto ea bobeli sehlopheng see? Hobane Steele et al. o ne a se na sehlopha sa taolo sa ho bapisa! Kahoo Prause et al., 2015 o bapisa litaba tsa 2013 tse tsoang ho Steele et al., 2013 ho sehlopha sa sebele sa taolo (le hoja ts'ebetsong ena e ne e e-na le mefokolo e tšoanang le e boletsoeng ka holimo). Liphello: Ha li bapisoa le litsamaiso, "batho ba nang le mathata a laolang ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa" ba ne ba e-na le likarabo tse fokolang tsa bokooa ka nako e le 'ngoe ho lifoto tsa vanilla tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Litholoana tsa SEBELE tsa Prause tse peli tsa EEG li ithuta:

Steele et al., 2013: Batho ba nang le boitsebiso bo bongata-ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba le joalo Nyane takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane, empa e seng takatso ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.
Prause et al., 2015: "Porn lemaletse basebelisi" ne Nyane bokhoni ba bokooa ho etsa litšoantšo tse tsitsitseng tsa vanilla tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Litemana tsa EEG tse tlaase li bolela hore "batho ba ts'oanang le lithethefatsi" ba ne ba sa ele hloko litšoantšo.

Mona ke tlhahlobo ea lingaka tsa meriana ea thobalano tse tsoang ho laeborari e etelletseng pele ea Spain e nyatsang lithuto tsa 2 tsa EEG tsa Prause: Steele et al., 2013 le Prause et al., 2015: Bootsoa bo holimo Inthaneteng: Seo re se Tsebang le Seo re sa se Tsebeng-Tlhahlobo e Hlophisitsoeng (2019). (Tlhokomeliso: tlhaloso ea 105 ke Steele, tlhaloso ea 107 ke Thapelo.)

Bopaki ba sena sa neural sign signaling takatso ke sa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha ho prefrontal cortex [101] le amygdala [102,103], e leng bopaki ba ho khothatsa. Ho kenya letsoho libakeng tsena tsa boko ho hopotsa moputso oa lichelete [104] 'me e ka ba le phello e tšoanang. Ho feta moo, ho na le litlaleho tse phahameng tsa EEG ho basebelisi bana, hammoho le takatso e fokotsehileng ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane, empa eseng ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali [105], ho hong ho bonahatsang phapang pakeng tsa boleng ba boleng [8]. Sena se ka nkuoa e le sesupo sa ho hloka tlhompho.
Leha ho le joalo, thuto ea Steele e na le mefokolo e 'maloa ea mekhoa eo u ka e nahanang (taba ea ho arohana, ho hloka tlhahlobo ea mathata a kelello kapa lithethefatsi, ho ba sieo ha sehlopha sa taolo, le ts'ebeliso ea lipotso tse sa netefatsoang bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) [106]. Thuto ea Prause [107], lekhetlong lena le sehlopha sa taolo, se pheta liphihlelo tsena. Boikarabello ba ts'ebetso ea ho ts'oaroa ha maikutlo le takatso ea ho ts'ebelisoa ha lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa inthaneteng li 'nile tsa khothatsoa ka basali ba bong bo fapaneng [108] le litekanyetso tsa banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang [109].

Karolo ea Bacha

Moelelo / Boemo: Joalo ka mehla, Denier's Alliance (RealYBOP) e fana ka lithuto kapa li-filler tse fokolang feela ho thetsa baqolotsi ba litaba le sechaba hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha e na kotsi ho bacha. Joalo ka likarolo tse ling, Alliance ha e fane ka litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng kapa litlhahlobo tsa meta. Hobaneng ha Alliance e tlohetse litlhahlobo tse 14 tsa lingoliloeng tse mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le "Bacha" (bacha): tlhahlobo ea # 1, hlahloba2, tlhahlobo ea # 3, tlhahlobo ea # 4, tlhahlobo ea # 5, tlhahlobo ea # 6, tlhahlobo ea # 7, tlhahlobo ea # 8, tlhahlobo ea # 9, tlhahlobo ea # 10, tlhahlobo ea # 11, tlhahlobo ea # 12, tlhahlobo ea # 13, tlhahlobo ea # 14, tlhahlobo ea # 15, lekola # 16.

Ke hobane'ng ha Alliance e le teng e siile lithuto tsohle tsa 280 lethathamong lena le akaretsang la lipampiri tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tse lekang phello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho bacha? Karabo e hlakile: litlhahlobo, joalo ka lithuto tse ngata tsa batho ka bomong, li hloleha ho tsamaellana le morero oa Alliance oa pro-porn. Mona re hlahisa litlhahlobo Alliance e siiloeng le lintlha tse amehang:

Tšusumetso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Lenyalong le Lelapeng: Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso (2006) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete, leha ho le joalo, ke sebaka seo ho seng bonolo ho se etsa 'me setsebi sa lipatlisiso tsa mekhoa e metle li lekanyelitsoe. Tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tse teng li ne li etsoa 'me mekhoa e mengata e mpe e senotsoe. Le hoja boholo bo ntse bo sa tsejoe ka tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ka manyalo le malapa, lintlha tse fumanehang li fana ka ntlha e qalang ea baetsi ba melao, barupeli, litsebi le bafuputsi.
Tšusumetso e tobileng ho Bana le bana ba lilemong tsa bocha Ho hlahisoa hore liphello tse latelang li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho bana le bacha ba sebelisang kapa ba kopana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka bobona:
1. Ho sa tsotellehe mekhoa e sa lumelloeng ke molao, bacha ba na le phihlelo e bonolo ea boitsebiso bo litšila ba bootsoa 'me sena se ka ba le liphello tse sithabetsang, tse ferekanyang, tse hlekefetsang, le / kapa tse lemalang.
2. Bacha ba atisa ho qobelloa, ba qhekelloa, ba khelosoa, kapa "ts'oaetso e kenngoe" ho sheba litšoantšo tse hlalosang thobalano ka inthaneteng.
3. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ka ba le maikutlo a sa feleng ho bacha le hore hangata maikutlo ana a hlalosoa a sebelisa maikutlo a kang ho nyonya, ho tšoha, ho hlajoa ke lihlong, bohale, tšabo le masoabi.
4. Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete le / kapa ho kenya letsoho moqoqong oa thobalano ho ka senya tsoelo-pele ea sechaba le thobalano ea bacha ebile ho senya katleho ea bona likamanong tse tlang.
5. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro bocheng li 'nile tsa amahanngoa le ho kopanela liphate pele ho ho kopanela liphate, hammoho le menyetla e eketsehileng ea ho kopanela liphate le liphate le batho bao ba sa kopaneleng le bona.

Liphello tsa Mecha ea Boithaopo Litabeng Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate tsa Bacha Ho Hlahloba Tlhaloso ea Causality (2011)

Liphuputso tsa phello ea mecha ea litaba e tloaelehileng ea boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate e liehile ho bokella ho sa tsotellehe bopaki ba nako e telele ba litaba tse amanang le thobalano mecheng ea mecha ea phatlalatso. Lits'ebeletso tsa litaba tsa thobalano tsa naha li fetohile haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena, leha ho le joalo, kaha bafuputsi ba tsoang litulong tse ngata ba arabile pitso ea ho rarolla sebaka sena sa bohlokoa sa thuto ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho kopanela liphate. Sepheo sa khaolo ena ke ho hlahloba karoloana ea lithuto tse bokellaneng litabeng tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano ho fumana hore na sehlopha sena sa mosebetsi se fana ka bopaki bo hlakileng. To latela litekanyetso tsa boitsebiso bo boletsoeng ke Cook le Campbell (1979) ba sebelisetsang ho finyella morero ona. Ho fihletsoe qeto ea hore lipatlisiso ho isa morao li fetela moeli oa ts'ehetso bakeng sa ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe le hore mecha ea phatlalatso e batla e baka tšusumetso ho boitšoaro ba thobalano ba bacha ba United States.

Tšusumetso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng ho Bacha: Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso (2012) - Ho tloha sephethong:

Ho kena ha Inthanete ho eketsehileng ke bacha ho entse menyetla e sa lebelloang bakeng sa thuto ea thobalano, thuto le kholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, kotsi ea ho ntša kotsi e hlakileng libukeng e entse hore bafuputsi ba batlisise bacha ba shebaneng le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea lipapali Inthaneteng ho leka ho lemoha likamano tsena. Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tsena li bontša hore bacha ba jang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e ka 'na ea ba le litloaelo le litumelo tse sa utloahalang tsa thobalano Har'a tse fumanoeng, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa maikutlo a lumellang thobalano, ho ameha ka thobalano, le liteko tsa pele tsa thobalano li tsamaellana le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa….
Leha ho le joalo, ho fumanoe liphetho tse sa fetoheng tse hokahanyang ts'ebeliso ea bocha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse bonts'ang pefo e nang le boits'oaro bo matla ba thobalano. Lingoliloeng li bonts'a khokahano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea bacha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mohopolo oa bona. Banana ba tlaleha hore ba ikutloa ba le tlase 'meleng ho basali bao ba ba bonang litabeng tsa bootsoa, ha bashanyana ba tšaba hore ba kanna ba se ts'ohe kapa ba khona ho etsa joalo ka banna ba mecha ena ea litaba. Bacha le bona ba tlaleha hore ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fokotsehile ha boits'epo ba bona le nts'etsopele ea sechaba li eketseha. Ntle le moo, lipatlisiso li fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, haholoholo tse fumanehang inthaneteng, ba na le likamano tse tlase sechabeng, keketseho ea mathata a boitšoaro, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa boitšoaro bo bobe, maemo a phahameng a matšoao a tepelletsang, le ho fokotsa tlamahano ea maikutlo le bahlokomeli.

Sehlopha se Secha sa ho lemalla thobalano (2013) - Le ha e ne e se tlhahlobo ea tekheniki, e ne e le e 'ngoe ea litokomane tsa pele tsa ho khetholla basebelisi ba boitšoaro bo litšila ba bootsoa ba banyenyane le lihlooho tsa "khale" tsa CSB. Qeto:

Ho etsoa tlhahiso ea hore bokhoba ba thobalano bo ka khetholloa ka mekhoa e 'meli e ikhethang ea boits'oaro. Ho thoe motho ea lemaletseng "phetseng mehleng" o khetholloa ka ho pepesehela lits'oants'o tse ts'oanang tsa thobalano kahare ho setso se nang le thobalano haholo, empa "lekhoba la" khale "le khannoa ke khatello ea maikutlo, tlhekefetso, kamano e senyehileng, bofokoli ba taolo ea tšusumetso, lihlong -litlhahlobo tse thehiloeng ho lona, le mathata a maikutlo. Le ha ka bobeli ba ka arolelana lineano tse tšoanang (boits'oaro bo qobelloang, mathata a maikutlo, ho holofala ha likamano), etiology le likarolo tse ling tsa kalafo li kanna tsa fapana.
"Ho itlosa bolutu ka ho kopanela liphate" ea ho kopanela liphate, le hoja ho phehisana khang haholo, ho hlokomelisitsoe ka ho fetisisa lipatlisisong, lefapheng la litsebi le moetlong o tloaelehileng. Mekhoa ea phekolo, ha e sa jele setsi, e fapane ebile e fumaneha, esita le ho isa tekanyo ea hore koetliso ea litsebi tsa botšehali ba ho kopanela liphate e netefalitsoeng e etsoa ho pholletsa le United States, e leng ho lumellang litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello hore li fumane bopaki bo bongata bo botle ba ho kopanela liphate.
Bokhoba ba thobalano ba "sejoale-joale" ke ntho e sa hlahlojoeng haholo, haholoholo ho bana le bacha. Lipatlisiso le lingoliloeng lia fokola 'me, ho khahlisang, hangata li phatlalatsoa ho tsoa linaheng tse kantle ho United States (He, Li, Guo, & Jiang, 2010; Yen et al., 2007). Patlisiso ka basali ba banyane le bokhoba ba thobalano ha e eo. Kalafo e khethehileng ea litsebi tsa bana le bacha ba koetlisitsoeng bokhobeng ba thobalano e tloaelehile haholo. Leha ho le joalo palo e kholo ea bana, bacha le batho ba baholo ba hloka kalafo e joalo e khethehileng, 'me sechaba sa litsebi se lieha ho arabela. Lipatlisiso, lipuisano le thuto li hlokahala ka potlako ho fihlella ka nepo litlhoko tsa ba banyenyane hara batho ba rona ba loantšanang le boits'oaro bo qobelloang ka thobalano.

Na litaba tsa thobalano lichabeng tse ncha li amana le boitšoaro ba likamano tsa thobalano ho bacha? Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea meta (2016) - Ho tloha sephiri:

Results: Liphuputso tse leshome le metso e mene, tsohle tse nang le lihlahisoa tse fapaneng libopeho, li na le litekanyetso tsa ho kenyelletsa Lipatlisiso tse tšeletseng (barupeluoa ba 10 352) li ile tsa hlahloba hore bacha ba pepesehetse SEWs le ba bararo (10 429) barupeluoa. Ho ne ho e-na le mefuta e fapaneng ea lipatlisiso ka ho hlahisa maikutlo le ho hlahisa liphetoho. Liphuputso tsa litlhahlobo li fumanoe hore tlhahiso ea SEW e amana le likamano tsa thobalano; ho romela li-sexting ho amana le ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanela liphate, ho noa joala le tšebeliso e meng ea lithethefatsi pele ho thobalano le balekane ba bangata ba sa tsoa kopanela liphate. Liphuputso tse ngata li ne li e-na le phetoho e fokolang bakeng sa litlhoko tsa bohlokoa tse neng li ka '.
Nahanisisa: Liphuputso tsa li-cross-sectional li bonts'a mokhatlo o matla pakeng tsa ho ipapisa le likamano tsa thobalano litabeng tse ncha le mecheng ea boitšoaro bo bobe ho bacha. Liphuputso tsa nako e telele li tla fana ka monyetla o moholo oa ho itokisetsa ho ferekana, le kutloisiso e ntlafetseng ea litsela tse ka tlas'a mekhatlo e hlokometsoeng.

Mecha ea phatlalatso le ho kopanela liphate: Puso ea Boipheliso ba Puso, 1995-2015 (2016) - Ho tsoa ho tse sa feleng:

Sepheo sa tlhahlobo ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa ho kopanela liphate mecheng ea litaba. Sepheo se ne se lebisitsoe ho lipatlisiso tse hatisitsoeng litabeng tsa lipuo tsa Senyesemane pakeng tsa 1995 le 2015. Kakaretso ea lingoliloeng tsa 109 tse nang le lithuto tsa 135 li ile tsa hlahlojoa. The Liphuputso li fane ka bopaki bo tsitsitseng ba hore bohlahlobi ba laboratori le litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa letsatsi le letsatsi li amana le liphello tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le maemo a phahameng a ho se khotsofale ha 'mele, ho ikemela ho hoholo, tšehetso e kholo ea litumelo tsa thobalano le litumelo tsa thobalano, le ho feta mamello ea thobalano khahlanong le basali. Ho feta moo, tlhahiso ea liteko ho tsena li lebisa basali le banna ho ba le maikutlo a fokolang a bokhoni ba basali, boitšoaro le botho.

Bacha le Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: Tlhahlobo ea Lilemo tsa 20 tsa Phuputso (2016) - Ho tsoa ho tse sa feleng:

Sepheo sa tlhahlobo ena e ne e le ho hlophisa patlisiso e matla e ileng ea hatisoa ho eona liqolo tsa lipuo tsa Senyesemane tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka pakeng tsa 1995 le 2015 ka bongata, likhakanyo, le se boleloang ke ts'ebeliso ea bacha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Phuputso ena e bontšitse hore bacha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, empa sekhahla sa ho ata se fapana haholo. Bacha ba neng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa e ne e le banna, boemong bo tsoetseng pele ba pubertal, ba batlang maikutlo, 'me ba ne ba e-na le mathata a malapa a fokolang kapa a sithabetsang. Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ne li amahanngoa le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ho lumellanang le ho kopanela liphate 'me li ne li atisa ho hokahanngoa le litumelo tse matla tsa ho kopanela liphate ka matla a tekano. Hape ho ne ho bonahala eka ho amana le ho hlahella ha thobalano, phihlelo e kholo ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, le liketso tse ling tsa thobalano, ka bobeli ka ho hlekefetsoa le ho hlekefetsoa.

Litloaelano tsa nako e telele pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea boitsebiso ba ho kopanela liphate le boikutlo ba bacha le mekhoa ea bocha: Tlhahlobo ea litlaleho tsa lithuto (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Tlhahlobo ena e ile ea lekola lithuto tsa nako e telele tse hlahlobang litlamorao tsa thepa e pepesitsoeng ka thobalano menahanong ea bacha, litumelong le boits'oarong.
Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho fana ka tlhahlobo ea nalane ea lithuto tse telele tse lebisitsoeng ho litlamorao tsa tšebeliso ea litheko tsa thobalano ho batho ba lilemong tsa bocha. Likamano tse 'maloa tse ikhethileng pakeng tsa lintho tse amanang le thobalano le maikutlo a bacha, litumelo le boits'oaro li tlalehiloe lithutong. Lintho tse senotsoeng ka thobalano li ne li bonahala li ama maikutlo a mangata a amanang le thobalano, litumelo tse amanang le bong, ho na le monyetla oa ho ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehali le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano.
To ile a lekola liphuputso a fumane hore ts'ebeliso ea lingoliloeng tse hlalosang thobalano e ka ama maikutlo le litumelo tse fapaneng tsa bacha, joalo ka ho ts'oara thobalano (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), ho se ts'oane ka thobalano (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), the khanyetso ea thobalano ea basali (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), khotsofalo ea thobalano (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), maikutlo a thobalano le boithabiso (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b), maikutlo a karolo ea tekano ea bong (Brown & L'Engle, 2009) le leihlo la 'mele (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Liphello tsa Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Thobalano ho Batho ba lilemong tsa bocha le ho hlaha ho batho ba baholo le ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano Maikutlo le Boitšoaro: Tlhahlobo e Bohlokoa ea Lingoliloeng (2017) - Abstract:

Pefo ea thobalano (DV) le pefo ea thobalano (SV) ke mathata a atileng har'a bacha le batho ba baholo ba hlahang. Sehlopha se ntseng se eketseha sa lingoliloeng se bonts'a hore ho pepesetsoa mecha ea litaba e buang ka thobalano (SEM) le mecha ea litaba e hlekefetsang ka thobalano (SVM) e kanna ea ba likotsi tsa DV le SV. Morero oa sengoloa sena ke ho fana ka tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng le e hlakileng ea lingoliloeng mabapi le tšusumetso ea ho pepesetsoa SEM le SVM mabapi le maikutlo le boits'oaro ba DV. Ka kakaretso lithuto tse 43 tse sebelisang mehlala ea batho ba lilemong tsa bocha le tse sa tsoa hlaha li ile tsa hlahlojoa, 'me ka kakaretso lintlha tse fumanoeng li fana ka maikutlo a hore:
(1) ho pepesetsoa SEM le SVM ho amana hantle le litšōmo tsa DV le SV le ho amohela maikutlo ho DV le SV;
(2) ho pepesetsoa SEM le SVM ho amana hantle le tlhekefetso ea DV le SV, ho senyeha le ho se sebetse;
(3) SEM le SVM li ama haholo maikutlo le boits'oaro ba banna ba DV le SV ho feta maikutlo le boits'oaro ba basali ba DV le SV; le
(4) maikutlo a preexisting a amanang le DV le SV le khetho ea mecha ea litaba e leka-lekanya likamano lipakeng tsa SEM le SVM ponts'o le DV le maikutlo le boits'oaro ba SV.

Litšoantšo tse manyala tsa bootsoa lilemong tsa bocha: Sebelisa: Tlhahlobo ea Litokomane tsa Ts'ebetso ea Litsela Tsa Phuputso 2000-2017. (2018) - Lintlha tse qotsitsoeng tse tsoang likarolong tse amanang le litlamorao tsa bootsoa ho mosebelisi:

Sepheo sa tlhahlobo ena e hlophisitsoeng ea lingoliloeng ke ho etsa 'mapa thahasello ea lipatlisiso tšimong le ho hlahloba hore na liphetho tsa bohlokoa li hlahile libakeng tsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso.
Boikutlo ka Thobalano - Ka kakaretso, lithuto tsa 21 li ile tsa hlahloba maikutlo a likobo le boits'oaro ba ho kopanela liphate ho latela PU. Ha ho makatse hore sepheo sa ho ja litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amana haholo le maikutlo a tloaelehileng a nahanang ka PU le tšusumetso e kholo ho boikutlo ba ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro ba thobalano.
Nts'etsopele - Ka tsela e sa lokelang, ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho fumanoe ho ama nts'etsopele ea litekanyetso, haholo-holo ba kenang bolumeling nakong ea bocha. Ha ho makatse hore ebe ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho bontšitsoe hore ho na le tšusumetso e mpe, ho fokotsa bolumeli ba bacha ho feta nako, bo sa ikemetseng ka botona le botšehali.
Bofetoheli - Ho bonahala eka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse mabifi kapa tse nyonyehang li tloaelehile har'a bacha, tse amanang le boitšoaro bo kotsing, 'me, ho basali, haholo-holo, e amana le histori ea tlhekefetso. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse ling li fihletse qeto ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ne li se na setsoalle le boitšoaro bo kotsi ba ho kopanela liphate le hore boikemisetso ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha bo bonahale eka bo na le tšusumetso ea boitšoaro bo kotsi ba ho kopanela liphate har'a bacha ka kakaretso. Ho sa tsotellehe tsena, olintho tse fumanoeng li bontšitse hore ka kakaretso, ho pepesa ka boomo ho PU ho ne ho amahanngoa le mathata a phahameng a boitšoaro har'a bacha, ho hlekefetsoa ka ho kopanela liphate ka ho kopanela liphate le ho etsa kōpo ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho toba inthaneteng le ho hlekefetsoa ha bashanyana ka ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano le tlhekefetso e amanang haholo le ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kamehla.
Litšoaneleho tsa Bophelo ba kelello - Ka ho hlaka, 'me ho sa tsotellehe liphuputso tse ling tse sa tiiseng hore mokhatlo o teng pakeng tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le kelello ea PU, boholo ba lintho tse fumanoang li fetolelitsoe PU e phahameng nakong ea bocha e atisa ho amana le maikutlo a phahameng (mohlala. ho tepella maikutlo) le mathata a boitšoaro. Moleng oo, Luder et al a. o ile a fana ka maikutlo a fapaneng le phapang pakeng tsa tekano pakeng tsa PU le ponahalo e tebileng ea banna le ba nang le kotsi e kholo. Tlhaloso ena e ne e le tumellanong le lithuto tsa longitudinal tse senolang hore maemo a futsanehileng a kelello a ne a ameha ho nts'etsopetsong ea ho sebelisoa ka mokhoa o qobelloang ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ho bashanyana ba lilemong tsa bocha.
Maqhama a Sechaba - Ka kakaretso, ho bonahala eka ho na le tumellano ea hore bacha ba atisang ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba atisa ho fapana le litšoaneleho tse ngata tsa setso ho bacha ba sebelisang Inthanete bakeng sa tlhahisoleseding, puisano ea sechaba le boithabiso.
Sebopeho sa Tšebeliso ea Marang-rang - Litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetsong tsa ts'ebetsong li ile tsa batlisisoa ka 15 ho tsoa lithuto tsa 57 tse kenyelelitsoeng tlhahlobisong ea hona joale. Tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore litšoaneleho tse tloaelehileng tsa bacha ba shebaneng le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano li kenyeletsa maemo a phahameng a papali ea lipapali tsa Inthanete, boitšoaro ba likotsi tsa inthanete, ho tepella maikutlo le ponahalo ea lik'homphieutha, le ho itšehla thajana ka boithatelo ho intša.
Boitšoaro ba Bacha ba Bacha - Aboitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate mabapi le PU bo entsoe lipatlisisong tsa 11, le lithuto tsohle li tlaleha liphello tse kholo. Thuto e entsoeng ke Doornward, et al a. ba fumane hore bashanyana ba nang le mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanyelletsa le tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tse hlakileng tsa inthanete, ba tlaleha boikutlo bo tlaase ba ho itšepa, maemo a phahameng a ho tepella maikutlong le maemo a phahameng a ho kopanela liphate ho feteletseng. Ka taba eo, lipatlisiso tse ling li bontšitse hore bashemane ba fumanoeng ba sebelisana le lisebelisoa tsa ho kopanela liphate le liwebsaeteng tsa liwebsaete tsa metsoalle ba fumane tumello e eketsehileng ea lithaka 'me ba bontša phihlelo e kholo ho nahana ka ho kopanela liphate. Ho feta moo, bashanyana ba bontšitseng hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata li atisa ho ba le lipelaelo tsa ho kopanela liphate ba sa le banyenyane le ho kopanela mefuteng e mengata ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali.

Tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa Inthanete tse hlalosang thobalano le liphello tsa bona bophelong bo fokolang ba bacha: bopaki ba morao-rao ba lingoliloeng (2019) - Ho tloha sephiri:

Ho phenyekolloa lingoliloeng ho ile ha etsoa ka PubMed le ScienceDirect ka March 2018 le potso "(litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kapa litšoantšo tsa Inthanete tse hlalosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate) LE (mocha kapa OR ngoana OR mocha) LE (phello kapa boitšoaro kapa ho phela hantle)". Litholoana tse hatisitsoeng pakeng tsa 2013 le 2018 li ile tsa hlahlojoa 'me tsa bapisoa le bopaki bo fetileng.
Ho ea ka lithuto tse khethiloeng (n = 19), mokhatlo o pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro inthaneteng le litlamorao tse 'maloa tsa boits'oaro, kelello le phedisano - likamano tsa botona le botšehali pejana, ho etsa thobalano le balekane ba bangata le / kapa ba linako tse ling, ho etsisa boitšoaro bo kotsi ba thobalano, ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse sothehileng tsa bong, ho se sebetse temoho ea 'mele, bohale, matšoenyeho kapa matšoao a tepeletsang, ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa - ea netefatsoa.
Tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng 'meleng oa bana e bonahala e le ea bohlokoa. Taba ena e ke ke ea hlola e hlokomolohuoa 'me e tlameha ho etsoa ke mehato e mengata ea lefatše le e mengata. Ho matlafatsa batsoali, matichere le litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ka mananeo a thuto a lebisang tlhokomelo ea taba ena e tla ba lumella hore ba thuse bana ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea ho nahana ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea eona le ho fumana thuto ea maikutlo le ho kopanela liphate e loketseng haholo litlhoko tsa bona tsa tsoelo-pele.

Ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka lense tsa litokelo tsa bana (2019) - Lintlha tse 'maloa:

Litholoana tse mpe tse bontšitsoeng li kenyelelitsoe, empa ha li felle feela ho: (1) maikutlo a mabe mabapi le basali (Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2007; Peter & Valkenburg, 2009; Häggstrom-Nordin, et al., 2006) ; (2) tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho batho ba bang ba tlase (Ybarra & Mitchell, 2005; Malamuth & Huppin, 2005; Alexy, et al., 2009); (3) tlhekefetso ea sechaba (Mesch, 2009; Tsitsika, 2009); (4) ho ameha ka thobalano (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008a); le (5) ho qobelloa (Delmonico le Griffin, 2008; Lam, Peng, Mai, le Jing, 2009; Rimington le Gast, 2007; van den Eijnden, Spijkerman, Vermulst, van Rooij, le Engels, 2010; Mesch, 2009).
Liphuputso tse ling li bonts'a hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisetsoa ho koetlisa le ho hohela bana likamanong tse hlekefetsang batho ka tsa thobalano (Carr, 2003; "Boitlhopho ka Marang-rang," le, 2015; Ofisi ea Machaba a Kopaneng ea Lithethefatsi le Tlōlo ea Molao, 2015). Lipuisano tsa bafani ba litšebeletso tse ka pele ba sebetsang le bahlaseluoa ba tlhekefetso ea thobalano ea bana tse entsoeng ka Mots'eanong oa 2018 hore bafani ba bona se bonahalang e le keketseho ea liketsahalo tsa tlhekefetso ea lithaka tsa bana hara bana le hore moetsi oa molao hangata o pepeselitsoe litšoantšo tsa bootsoa liketsahalong tsena tse ngata. (Binford, Dimitropoulos, Wilson, Zug, Cullen, & Rieff, ha e phatlalatsoe).
Ntle le lingoliloeng tse tsepamisisang maikutlo tse ka bakoang ke ho pepeseha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho na le libuka tse kholoanyane tse nahanang ka tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ho batho ba baholo, ho kenyeletsa le batho ba baholo. Joaloka lipatlisiso tse shebaneng le ho pepeseha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, liphuputso tsena li boetse li fana ka maikutlo a kamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo hlephisang boitšoaro le bothata bo hlephileng ba sechaba, ho kopanyelletsa le ho itšehla thajana, boitšoaro bo bobe, ho tepella maikutlo, ho ipolaea, (Tsitsika, 2009; Bloom et al., 2015; Campbell, 2018).
Liphuputso tsa banana ba shebaneng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha bana ba bontša hore li na le tšusumetso ho li hahiloeng tsa bona (Brown & L'Engle, 2009).
Bashanyana ba pepesehang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ha bana ba bontša liphello tse tšoanang. Ba fetisa matšoenyeho ho pholletsa le ts'ebetso le 'mele ho se khotsofale ("Safety Child Online," 2016; Jones, 2018).
Ho bonahala eka ho na le kamano pakeng tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ho basali (Hald, Kuyper, Adam, & de Wit, 2013; Hald, Malamuth, & Yuen, 2010).
Bana ba bong ka bobeli ba pepeselitsoeng litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba na le monyetla oa ho lumela hore liketso tseo ba li bonang, joalo ka thobalano ea ka morao le thobalano ea sehlopha, li tloaelehile hara lithaka tsa bona (Livingstone & Mason, 2015). Bacha ba bong ka bobeli ba pepeselitsoeng litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba na le monyetla oa ho etsa thobalano pejana (Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Owens, et al. 2012), ba na le balekane ba bangata (Wright & Randall, 2012; Moroallo, 2009, leq. 389), mme ba etsa thobalano e lefuoang (Svedin Akerman, & Priebe, 2011; Wright & Randall, 2012).

Likarolo tsa boko ba bocha le boikutlo ba tsona bo ikhethang bakeng sa lintho tsa ho kopanela liphate (2019) - Litlhaku tse 'maloa:

Paradigms e ikhethang ea boko ba bocha e kenyelletsa tse latelang: 1) K'homphieutha e sa butsoang ea "preortal cortex" le "circuits" tsa limbic le striatal tse arabelang haholo (Dumontheil, 2016; Somerville & Jones, 2010; Somerville, Hare, & Casey, 2011; Van Leijenhorst et al. , 2010; Vigil le al., 2011); 2) Nako e phahameng ea methapo ea pelo (McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Schulz & Sisk, 2006; Sisk & Zehr, 2005; Vigil et al., 2011); 3) Sisteme ea dopamine e fetelletseng (Andersen, Rutstein, Benzo, Hostetter, & Teicher, 1997; Ernst et al., 2005; Luciana, Wahlstrom, & White, 2010; Somerville & Jones, 2010; Wahlstrom, White, & Luciana, 2010) ;
4) Axis e tsebahalang ea HPA (Dahl & Gunnar, 2009; McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Romeo, Lee, Chhua, McPherson, & McEwan, 2004; Walker, Sabuwalla, & Huot, 2004); 5) Maemo a eketsehileng a testosterone (Dorn et al., 2003; Vogel, 2008; Mayo Clinic / Mayo Medical Laboratories, 2017); 6) Tšusumetso e ikhethileng ea lihormone tsa steroid (cortisol le testosterone) kholong ea boko nakong ea bocha ba bocha (Brown & Spencer, 2013; Peper, Hulshoff Pol, Crone, Van Honk, 2011; Sisk & Zehr, 2005; Vigil et al., 2011).
Blakemore le basebetsi-'moho le bona ba entse hore tšimo e ntlafatsoe ke boko ba lilemong tsa bocha 'me e hlalositse hore lilemo tsa bocha li lokela ho nkoa e le nako e utloisang bohloko ka lebaka la ho hlophisa boko bo hlollang bo etsoang (Blakemore, 2012). Likarolo tsa boko tse fetohang phetoho e kholo nakong ea bocha li kenyelletsa taolo ea kahare, ho pota-pota ka bongata le ho rera (Blakemore, 2012).
Blakemore le Robbins (2012) ba amanang le bocha ho etsa liqeto tse kotsi 'me ba re ho na le tšobotsi ena ho khetholla pakeng tsa tlhahiso ea nako e khutšoanyane le ea ho itšireletsa ka nako ea bocha ha ho bapisoa le nts'etsopele e sa tsitsitseng ea mokhoa oa moputso, o atisang ho arabela moputso oa bocha .....
Ts'ebeliso ea khafetsa le khafetsa ea libaka tsa marang-rang tsa bootsoa li ne li amahanngoa haholo le tlhekefetso ea sechaba har'a bacha ba Bagerike (Tsitsika et al., 2009). Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e kentse letsoho ho liehisa litheolelo, kapa tloaelo ea motho ea ho theola litholoana tsa nako e tlang molemong oa meputso ea hanghang (Negash, Sheppard, Lambert, & Fincham, 2016). Negash le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba sebelisitse sampole e neng e le lilemo li 19 le 20, eo mongoli a totobalitseng hore e ntse e nkuoa e le bacha.… ..
Re fana ka kakaretso ea mohlala oa ho sebetsa, re nahanne ka li-paradigms tse ikhethang tsa boko ba bacha le litšoaneleho tsa boitsebiso ba ho kopanela liphate. Ho kopana ha libaka tse ka sehloohong tse amanang le bokooa bo ikhethang ba bocha le lintho tse hlalosang thobalano ke habohlokoa.
Ha a pepesetsoa lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa thobalano, ts'usumetso ea amygdala le axis ea HPA e tla ntlafatsoa ho mocha, ha e bapisoa le motho e moholo. Sena se ka lebisa tlhokomelong e hlakileng ea cortex ea pele le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea basal ganglia ho mocha. Boemo bona, ka hona, bo ne bo tla beha ts'ebetsong ts'ebetso ea phethahatso, e kenyeletsang ho thibela le ho ithiba, le ho matlafatsa ho se ts'oanehe. Hobane boko ba mocha bo ntse bo hola, bo thusa haholo ho neuroplasticity.
K'homphieutheng ea "prefrontal" e "sa tsamaee", ka puo ea tšoantšetso, e etsa hore rewiring e poteletseng e ratang nts'etsopele ea subcortical. Haeba ho se leka-lekane ha methapo ea pelo ho ntse ho tsoela pele ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, sena se ka baka potoloho ea "cortical" e batlang e fokola molemong oa potoloho e matla ho feta tsohle, e ka lebisang mocha hore a tsoele pele ho ikhotsofatsa le ho hloka takatso. Mokokotlo oa lilemong tsa bocha o bokellana, kapa setsi sa boithabiso bokong, e ka ba le tšusumetso e fetelletseng ha e bapisoa le motho e moholo. Maemo a eketsehang a dopamine a ka fetolela maikutlong a augmented a amanang le dopamine, joalo ka monyaka le takatso (Berridge, 2006; Volkow, 2006)….
Ka lebaka la fensetere ea mokhatlo ea ntlafatso nakong ea bocha, cortisol le testosterone li ka ba le tšusumetso e ikhethang mokhatlong o hlophisitsoeng oa boko kapa ts'ebetsong ea tlhaho ea lipotoloho tse fapaneng tsa methapo. Phello ena e ke ke ea fumanoa ho motho e moholo hobane fensetere ena e hlophisitsoeng ea mokhatlo e koetsoe. Ho pepesehela cortisol khafetsa ho na le monyetla, nakong ea tlhophiso ea bocha, ho khanna methapo ea pelo e lebisang ho ts'ebetsong ts'ebetso ea kelello le ho khona ho imeloa kelellong le ha motho e moholo (McEwen, 2004; Tsoory & Richter-Levin, 2006; Tsoory, 2008; McCormick & Mathews, 2007; 2010).
Ho tiea ha kamora ea ho kena bohlankaneng kapa boroetsaneng, bonyane ka karolo e 'ngoe, ho latela boholo ba ponahalo ea testosterone nakong ea kholo ea kholo ea bocha (De Lorme, Schulz, Salas-Ramirez, & Sisk, 2012; De Lorme & Sisk, 2013; Neufang et al., 2009; Sarkey, Azcoitia, Garcia- Segura, Garcia-Ovejero, le DonCarlos, 2008). Amygdala e matla e hokahane le maemo a phahameng a maikutlo le boits'oaro bo sotlehileng (Amaral, 2003; Lorberbaum et al., 2004; De Lorme & Sisk, 2013)… ..

Menehelo ea Mesebetsi e Kopanetsoeng ea ho Kopanela liphate Mecheng ea Boikhohomoso, Litloaelo tsa Lithaka, le Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali: Tlhahlobo ea Meta (2019) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Lilemo tse mashome tsa lipatlisiso li hlahlobile phello ea ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse sa hlalosoang ka thobalano mecheng ea litaba. Ho na le litlhahlobo tse lekanang feela tsa meta tabeng ena, e leng ho bontšang hore ho pepesehela "mecha ea phatlalatso ea litaba tse ts'oanang" ho na le phello e fokolang boitšoarong ba thobalano. Ho na le meeli e fokolang ea tlhahlobo ea methapo e teng, 'me morero oa tlhahlobo ea meta-morao e ntlafalitsoeng e ne e le ho hlahloba mekhatlo pakeng tsa ho pepesehela mecha ea litaba tsa thobalano le ba sebelisang boitšoaro ba thobalano.
Ho ne ho phenyekolloa lingoliloeng ka ho feletseng ho fumana lihlooho tse amehang. Thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e ngotsoe bakeng sa mekhatlo e pakeng tsa litaba tsa thobalano le e 'ngoe ea liphello tse tšeletseng tse akarelletsang boikutlo ba ho kopanela liphate (maikutlo a ho lumella maikutlo, lithaka tsa lithaka le likhopolo tsa botona kapa botšehali) (boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano, lilemo tsa ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate).
Ka kakaretso, litlhahlobo tsena li bontša likamano tse tsitsitseng le tse tiileng pakeng tsa mecha ea phatlalatso le boikutlo ba thobalano le boitšoaro bo kenyang mehato e mengata ea liphello le mecha ea litaba. Mecha ea phatlalatso e bontša boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate e le e atileng haholo, ea boikhathollo le e sa nang kotsi kotsing [3], 'me litlhahlobo tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho etsa liqeto tsa ho kopanela liphate ho ka bōptjoa, ka karolo e itseng, ka ho sheba mefuta ena ea litšoantšo. Liphuputso tsa rona li fapane ka mokhoa o fapaneng le li-meta-analysis tse fetileng, tse ileng tsa fana ka maikutlo a hore tšusumetso ea mecha ea litaba tsa thobalano e ne e le nyenyane kapa e sa fumanehe [4]. Meta-analysis e fetileng e sebelisitsoe ka boholo ba 38 mme ea fumana hore "mecha ea litaba" e fokolang e ne e fapane haholo le ea boitšoaro bo bobe (r = .08), athe metaanalysis ea hona joale e sebelisoa ho feta nako ea 10 boholo ba boholo ba matla (n = 394) mme o fumane phello e ka bang habeli ka boholo (r = .14).
Ntlha ea pele, re fumane litšebelisano tse ntle pakeng tsa ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano le bacha 'le bacha ba baholo' ho lumella maikutlo le maikutlo a thobalano a liphihlelo tsa lithaka tsa bona tsa thobalano.
Ea bobeli, ho pepesehela litaba tsa litaba tsa thobalano ho ne ho amana le ho amoheloa ha litšōmo tse tloaelehileng tsa ho beta.
Qetellong, ho pepesa litaba tsa thobalano ho fumanoe ho bolela esale pele boitšoaro ba thobalano ho kenyeletsa lilemo tsa tlhahlobo ea thobalano, phihlelo ea thobalano le boitšoaro bo kotsi ba ho kopanela liphate. Liphetho tsena li fetotsoe ka mekhoa e mengata le ho fana ka ts'ehetso ea tiiso ea hore mecha ea phatlalatso e kenya letsoho liketsahalong tsa thobalano tsa bacha ba shebang.
Le hoja litlhaloso tsa meta li bontšitse liphello tse kholo tsa likhatiso tsa litaba tsa thobalano litabeng tsa thobalano le mekhoa ea boitšoaro ho mefuta eohle ea thahasello, liphello tsena li ne li hlahlojoa ke mefuta e fokolang. Ka ho khetheha, liphello tse kholo tsa lilemo tsohle li ne li hlakile; Leha ho le joalo, phello e ne e feta makhetlo a mabeli a maholo ho bacha le ho batho ba baholo ba hlahang, mohlomong ho bonahatsa hore barupeluoa ba hōlileng ba na le phihlelo ea ho bapisa ho feta ea bacha ba bang [36, 37]. Ho feta moo, phello e ne e le matla ho banna ba bapisoa le basali, mohlomong hobane teko ea ho kopanela liphate e lumellana le mongolo oa thobalano [18] le hobane litlhaku tsa banna li otloa hangata ho feta litlhaku tsa basali bakeng sa ho koetlisetsoa thobalano [38].
Liphumano tsena li na le litlamorao tse kholo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba 'mele le kelello ba batho ba lilemong tsa bocha le ba baholo. Ho lemoha litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa thobalano le lithaka tsa thobalano ho ka eketsa maikutlo a khatello ea kahare ea ho etsa liteko tsa thobalano [39]. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, ho pepesehela litaba tsa litaba tsa thobalano lilemong tsa bocha ho ile ha bonoa ho ntšetsa pele ts'ebetso ea thobalano ka likhoeli tse 9e17 [40]; ka lehlakoreng le leng, liteko tsa pele li ka eketsa likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le 'mele [37].
Matšoao a maholo a fumanoang mona a tšoana le a libaka tse ling tse ithutoang tsa kelello ea mecha ea litaba, tse kang phello ea mecha ea litaba ho pefo [41], boitšoaro bo hlephileng [42], le setšoantšo sa 'mele [43]. Nthong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona, le hoja litlaleho tsa mecha ea litaba li sebelisa likarolo feela tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa liphello tsa thahasello, mecha ea phatlalatso e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Litšoantšiso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore litaba tsa litaba tsa thobalano ke tse nyenyane, empa e le se bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea maikutlo a boitšoaro bo bobe ho bacha le batho ba baholo ba hlahang.

Ho na le semelo se thahasellisang se amanang le pampiri ena. (Sheba setšoantšo sephethong sa sona se ka tlaase ho se hlahang). The Abstract e bolela feela hore ho na le lintlha tse ling tse hlahang litabeng tsena tse hatisitsoeng. Koranta e 'ngoe e ile ea fumana hore, "Tšusumetso ea mecha ea phatlalatso e mabapi le likamano tsa botona le botšehali ea bacha e ne e le nyenyane haholo ka boholo bo boholo bo haufi le zero." E ne e ngotsoe ke Christopher J. Ferguson: Does Sexy Media Ho Khothalletsa ho Kopanela Liphate Tsa Bacha? Tlhahlobo ea Meta-Analysis le Methodological (2017)

Ka lilemo tse telele, Ferguson e 'nile ea hlasela khopolo ea ho lemalla marang-rang, ha ho ntse ho etsoa letšolo la ho boloka Internet Gaming Disorder tsoa ICD-11. (O ile a lahleheloa ke 2018, empa letšolo la hae le tsoela pele ka litsela tse ngata.) Ha e le hantle, Ferguson le Nicole Prause e ne e le bangoli ba mmoho le pampiri e kholo e lekang ho nyatsa mekhoa e metle ea lithethefatsi. (Liqoso tsa bona li ne li hlahisoa lihlopha tsa litsebi ke litsebi, ho makasine ena Leqephe la Likhatiso tsa Boitšoaro.) Mona, bangoli ba litlhaloso tsa meta ba hlalosa kamoo Ferguson a neng a belaella mekhahlelo e hlahisang sephetho sa hae kateng.

Ho ea ho lipampiri tse khethiloeng ke cherry, tseo hangata li sa reng letho,

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Hesse, C., & Pedersen, CL (2017). Ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano le thobalano ea 'nete: Boitsebiso bo hlalosang thobalano bo bopa kutloisiso ea rona ka mokhoa oa thobalano, physiology le boitšoaro. Thobalano le Setso, 21 (3), 754-775. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Pele, lilemo tse mahareng li ne li le 24, ka hona sena ha se thuto ea "bocha". Taba ea bobeli, boholo ba lithuto e ne e le tsa basali, ka hona thuto e ne e sa emele. Taba ea boraro, ho tseba hore bashebelli ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le lintlha tse betere ho feta tsa tlhahlobo ea thobalano le boithuto ba mmele ha ho makatse. Ha u ntse u bona hantle haholoanyane u tla hopola lintho hantle. E kanna ea utloahala e le ea khale, empa motho a ka sheba habonolo feela sengoloa sa marang-rang sa marang-rang joalo ka ha a shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse thata ho ithuta ka anatomy.

Ha e le "barupeluoa ba ile ba bolela hore ho na le liphello tse ngata tse ntle tseo ba li bonang tsa SEM ho feta liphello tse mpe,"Sena se ka lebelloa ha thuto e sebelisitse lipotso tse sebelisoang ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tsejoang e le Pornography Consumer Effect Scale (PCES). Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ho sena Hlahlojoa ke YBOP le moprofesa oa kelello ea ho ithuta ho theha PCES e kanna ea ba thuto e nyarosang ka ho fetesisa e kileng ea phatlalatsoa (Hald & Malamuth, 2008).

The PCES lipotso li etselitsoe mme li kenngoa e le hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelise melemo e mengata. Ha e le hantle, haeba u sa sebelise litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho hloka thuso ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho na le phello e mpe bophelong ba hau ho ea ka seletsa sena. Hona ha ho feteletsane joalo le lipatlisiso tse ngata tse thehiloeng ho PCES phethela feela joalo! Sena Potso ea metsotso ea 7 e hlalosang li-PCES senola sephetho sa mantlha sa Hald & Malamuth ho tsoa ho seo moprofesa ea ferekaneng oa psychology a se bitsitseng "bohloko bo feteletseng ba kelello":

Hangata ho sebelisa litšoantšo ho ne ho le molemo - ha ho na le litšitiso tse fokolang, haeba ho le joalo, bakeng sa mang kapa mang.
Ha e le hantle litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e matla li u thusa haholo bophelong ba hao. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, "Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li molemo kamehla."
Bakeng sa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo u li sebelisang, ha u ntse u kholoa haholoanyane ho emela ho kopanela liphate ka ho toba, 'me ha u ntse u ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ho na le liphello tse ntle haholo bophelong ba hau.

Hangata li-PCES li tlaleha melemo hobane:

Hald & Malamuth ba ile ba etsa qeto ea ho khetha "phello e ntle" le "e mpe" ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mohlala, "ho eketsoa tsebong ea hau ea thobalano ea ka morao" ho lula ho le molemo, ha "ho fokotsa litoro tsa hau tsa thobalano" ho lula ho le mpe.
PCES e fana ka boima bo lekaneng lipotsong tse sa hlahlobeng liphello tse lekanang. Ka mohlala "Na o ekelitse tsebo ea hau ka ho kopanela liphate tsa anal?"E ka hlakola"Na ho lebisitse mathata mathata a bophelo ba hau ba thobalano?"Ebang u nahana hore liphello tse ntle ke tse ntle, ha li tšoane hantle le boleng bo fokolang ba bophelo (ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi, tlhalo), kapa mathata bophelong ba hau ba thobalano (erectile dysfunction, no drive drive).

Ka mantsoe a mang, lenyalo la hau le ka senyeha 'me u ka ba le bothata ba ED, empa palo ea PCES e ntse e ka bontša hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li u tsoetse molemo haholo. Joaloka motho ea hlaphoheloang ke motho ea ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa o itse ka mor'a ho shebella Lipotso tsa 47 PCES: "Yeah, ke tlohetse yunivesithing, ke hlahisitse mathata a nang le lithethefatsi tse ling, ha ke e-s'o be le kharebe, ke lahlile metsoalle, ke kena likolotong, ke ntse ke e-na le ED ebile ha kea ka ka kopanela liphate bophelong ba sebele. Empa bonyane ke tseba ka liketso tsohle tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ke potlakile ho ea libakeng tsohle tse fapaneng. Kahoo, ka sebele, bootsoa bo entse hore bophelo ba ka bo se ke ba fela. "

Paasonen, S., Kyrölä, K., Nikunen, K., & Saarenmaa, L. (2015). 'Re ne re pata limakasine tsa bootsoa merung e haufinyane': Mosebetsi oa ho hopola le ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Finland. Ho kopanela liphate, 18 (4), 394-412. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Ke ea boleng eseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. O kopa baahi ba baholo ba Finland ba 45 hore ba hopole liphihlelo tsa bona tsa pele tsa ho fumana "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa". Pampiri e na le litlatsetso tse 'maloa tse khethiloeng (mehopolo) e lateloang ke litlhaloso. Na u tiile?

Spišák, S. (2016). 'Hohle moo ba reng ke kotsi empa ha ba re, kea botsa mona': bacha, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lipuisano le maikutlo a kotsi le kotsi. Thuto ea thobalano, 16 (2), 130-142. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Kakaretso ea Alliance e itse, "Vhobane ba seng bakae ba bacha ba kopanang le litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ba ikutloisa hore ke ba kotsi. Ho e-na le hoo, ke puo e kotsi eo ho nang le eona e nang le phihlelo ea ho sithabela. Lipatlisiso ha li fumane bopaki bo hlakileng ba kotsi ho amanang le bacha ba kopanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. "

Kakaretso e tlosa lintlha tsa bohlokoa. Thuto e itšetlehile ka pokello e sa emeletseng ea lipotso tse sa tsejoeng tse fanoang lits'ebeletsong tse sa tšoaneng tsa inthanete tse lebisitsoeng ho bacha le bacha (ka 2013). Ke lipotso tse fokolang feela tsa lipotso tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho tsoa thutong:

Leqephe lena le theha boitsebiso bo nang le lipotso tsa 4212 mabapi le thobalano tse rometsoeng ke bacha ho Finland ho litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano. Ke 64 feela (1.5%) ea menehelo ena e tsepamisitseng maikutlo haholo litšoantšong tsa bootsoa.

Koranta ena e tsoela pele:

Ha e le hantle, liphetoho tsa 'mele meleng nakong ea bokhachane le se nkoang e le' se tloaelehileng 'nts'etsong' meleng le ka thobalano ke lipotso tse atisang ho botsoa. Litaba tse ling tse thahasellisang ke tsa ho kopanela liphate, bokhachane, mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano le likamano (cf. Rinkinen 2012).

Sengoli se re joetsa hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha e bake mathata hobane ke ba fokolang ba e botsang. Ho na le menyetla e meng e fokolang: (1) lits'ebeletso tsena li kanna tsa se ke tsa nkuoa e le mohloli o nepahetseng oa lipotso mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, (2) mathata a bacha a ka amana le ts'ebeliso ea bona ea bootsoa, leha ho le joalo ba hloleha ho hokahanya, (3) Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fumaneha hohle - bacha ba tseba ho eketsehileng ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta batho ba baholo. Ho sa tsotellehe hore na boemo ke bofe, lithuto tse makholo li tlaleha liphello tse mpe tse ngata tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (bona selelekela sa karolo ena).

Hobane mocha ha a e-s'o kopane le eena (kapa molekane oa hae) ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka taba e sa bolele hore tšebeliso ea bootsoa ha e na phello. Emetse lilemo tse seng kae. Ka mohlala, a Phuputso ea 2019 BBC e fana ka maikutlo a joalo 20% ea balebeli ba bootsoa 18-25 e re e amme bokhoni ba bona ba ho kopanela liphate. Ka tlaase ho kotara (karolo ea 24 lekholong) ea bao ho buisanoeng le bona ba lumetse hore ba ikutloe ba qobelloa ho etsa lintho tseo molekane a li boneng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa 'me ba ka tlase ho karolo e le' ngoe ho tse hlano (karolo ea 19) ba lumela hore ba lekile lintho tseo ba li boneng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa 'me ba ikoahlaea . Ba fetang karolo ea boraro (karolo ea 35) ba lumellana hore ba na le likotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Hoo e ka bang kotara (karolo ea 23) ea batho ba lilemo li 18-25 ba shebileng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba nahana hore ba ka lemaletse.

Milas, G., Wright, P., & Štulhofer, A. (2019). Tlhahlobo ea Longitudinal ea Mokhatlo Pakeng Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa le Khotsofalo ea ho Kopanela Liphate Nakong ea Bocha. Journal of Sex Research, 1-13. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Setho sa Alliance, Alexander Štulhofer. Joaloka lithuto tse ling tse 'maloa tse boletsoeng mona, lihlooho tsena e ne e le li-Croatia tsa khale tsa 16 (Štulhofer o ntse a botsa lilemong tse tšoanang tsa lilemo tsa 16 ka tsona maikutlo ea litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa). Thutong ena Štulhofer o botsa bana ba lilemo li 16 ka maemo a bona a "khotsofalo ea thobalano," a fumana "ha ho na setsoalle se bohlokoa pakeng tsa liphetoho tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bacha ba sebelisa nako e telele le khotsofalo ea bona ea thobalano.”Eseng kapele hakaalo Stulhofer. Phuputso e tlalehile hore 90% ea banna ba ne ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ha basali ba fokolang ba ne ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Nahana feela hore na thuto e fumane eng:

"Nakong e hlokometsoeng, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa har'a banna ba nkang karolo hang ka beke. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, boholo ba barupeluoa ba basali ba tlalehile hore ha ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sebelisoang. Ha li bapisoa le lithaka tsa bona, banana ba lilemong tsa bocha ba ne ba khotsofetse haholo ka bophelo ba bona ba thobalano. "

E thahasellisang, empa e hlokomolohuoe ke The Deniers. Empa na thuto e ka hlahloba ka ho nepahetseng khotsofalo ea thobalano lilemong tsa selemo sa 16? Ho tsoa thutong:

"Boholo ba bankakarolo ba rona ba ne ba sena boiphihlelo ba ho etsa thobalano molemong oa bona feela"

Lipotso tse seng kae: Ho na le phihlelo e fokolang hakaalo ea lilemo tsa 16 ea ka etsang kahlolo e nepahetseng ka thobalano e khotsofatsang? Ke ba bakae ba lilemo li 16 ba kopanelang liphate kamehla? Seo moshanyana ea lilemo li 16 ha e joalo o re o fumana thobalano e khotsofatsang, a sa re letho ka ho kopanela liphate? Ho thoe'ng ka bohle ba bonang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba lilemo li 16 ba shebileng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho e-na le ho kopanela liphate - ba etsa lipatlisiso hokae?

Joalokaha ho boletsoe libakeng tse ling, liphello tse mpe tsa ts'ebetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata li bonahala hamorao (mashome a mabeli le mashome a mararo). Sena ke 'nete haholo bakeng sa "khotsofalo ea thobalano" le khotsofalo ea kamano. Re tseba joang? Thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e le 'ngoe e amang banna ba baholo e tlalehile tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tse amanang ea futsanehile khotsofalo ea thobalano kapa kamano (bona Lipatlisiso tsa 70 li amahanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho sebelisa thobalano e nyenyane le khotsofalo ea kamano.)

Seo se boletse, Denier o tlohetse lithuto tse ling tsohle tsa bocha ho lekola kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo ea thobalano (ho kenyeletsoa le thuto ea nako e telele). Ho makatsoa - tsohle tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sa khotsofala haholo

Mokhatlo oa Deniers o ile oa pepesoa.

Marengo, D., Settanni, M., & Longobardi, C. (2019). Litloaelano pakeng tsa thobalano, maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanela liphate, le ho pepeseha tlhekefatsong ea Inthanete lilemong tsa bocha: Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka karolo ea lipakeng tsa boitšoaro ba litlhaloso tsa litlhaloso tsa mantsoe le litšoantšo. Tlhahlobo ea Litšebeletso tsa Bana le Bacha. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko ea lichelete, kaha ha e ithute ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ke hobane'ng ha ba Deniers ba thathamisa thuto ea sexting e hlōlehileng ho hlahloba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo, ha lithuto tse ling tse ngata ba lekanya likamano pakeng tsa ho romela melaetsa ea selefouno le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Ho joalo, hobane ho senyeha ha lipatlisiso ho amahanya litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo hlephisang boitšoaro.

Dawson, K., Nic Gabhainn, S., & MacNeela, P. (2019). Ho latela Mohlala oa ho Bala Litlhaku Tsa Bootsoa: Mehopolo ea motheo, Melao-motheo, le litsela. Journal of Sex Research, 1-15. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Ho na le inflation e ngata e qotsitsoeng, kaha ha se thuto ka litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho bonahala e khothaletsa "Kharikhulamo ea Litlhaku Tsa ho Tseba ho Bala Litšoantšo".

Rothman, EF, Adhia, A., Christensen, TT, Paruk, J., Alder, J., & Daley, N. (2018). Sehlopha sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bakeng sa bocha: Liphello tsa thuto ea boithaopi le ho atleha. Journal ea Amerika ea Thuto ea ho Kopanela Liphate, 13 (1), 1-17. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Setho sa Alliance, Emily Rothman. Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko, kaha ha se thuto mabapi le litlamorao tsa bootsoa. Le eona e bonahala e khothaletsa "Kharikhulamo ea Litlhaku Tsa ho Tseba Litaba".

Kohut, T., & Štulhofer, A. (2018).Na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li beha kotsi bakeng sa boiketlo ba bacha? Tlhahlobo ea likamano tsa nakoana mefuteng e 'meli e ikemetseng. PloS e le 'ngoe, 13 (8), e0202048. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Litho tsa Alliance Taylor Kohut le Alexander Štulhofer. Karolelano ea lilemo tse 16, le maCroatia feela (joalo ka lithuto tsa Štulhofer tse ngata). Taba ea mantlha, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ka tlase, litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso e ts'oanang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata lia bonahala ka mor'a lilemo tsa bocha. Taba ea bobeli, lintlha li kenyellelitsoe boithutong ba Kohut & Štulhofer ka tlase, ka hona re ka nka lithuto tsena tse peli e le likarolo tse peli tsa thuto e le 'ngoe. Ha lithuto tseo ka bobeli li tiisa seo liphetoho ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha lia amana le liphetoho ka boiketlo ba kelello, liphuputso tse peli li fumane hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho amana le boiketlo ba kelello bo futsanehileng. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Leha ho le joalo, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ne li amahanngoa le ho eketseha ka bobeli ho itšepa le matšoao a ho tepella le ho tšoenyeha, ho sa tsotellehe hore basali ba lilemong tsa bobeli ba ne ba le boemong bo bong. Ho phaella moo, boiketlo bo tlaase ba ho ikemela bo ne bo amahanngoa le keketseho e latelang ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, empa lilemong tsa bocha feela lilemong tsa bocha.

Hobaneng ha lithuto tsa Štulhofer li bonahala li fumana mathata a fokolang a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ha pherekano ea lipatlisiso e sa fumane mathata? Mohlala, leqephe lena le na le Liphuputso tse fetang 75 li hokahanya tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bophelo bo futsanehileng ba kelello le maikutlo le litlamorao tse mpe tsa kelello. Tse ling tsa lithuto tsena ke nako e telele ea nakoana 'me ba seng bakae ba ne ba e-na le basebeletsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho felisa litšoantšo tse litšila ka nakoana

Štulhofer, A., Tafro, A., & Kohut, T. (2019).Matla a litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa bacha a sebelisa le bophelo bo botle ba kelello: kholo ea leqhubu la maqhubu a tšeletseng le mokhoa oa ho etsa mohlala oa sehlopha sa morao. Psychiatry ea Europe ea Bana le Bacha, 1-13. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Litho tsa Alliance Taylor Kohut le Alexander Štulhofer. Ntlha ea pele, lintlha li kenyelelitsoe thutong e ka holimo ea Kohut & Štulhofer, kahoo re ka talima lithuto tsena tsa 2 e le likarolo tse peli tsa thuto e le 'ngoe. Ea bobeli, karolelano ea lilemo e ne e le 16 (Macroatia feela). Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso e ts'oanang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata li hlaha hamorao (mashome a mabeli le mashome a mararo). Ea boraro, 'me habohlokoa, kakaretso ea Selekane ha e siee liphetho tsa bohlokoa:

"Kamano e mpe e mpe e fumanoe lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa basali ba lilemong tsa bocha le bophelo bo botle ba kelello"
"Maemo a tlase haholo a khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho a fumanoe har'a bacha ba batona ba tlalehileng khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa qalong."

Ka mantsoe a bonolo, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ne e amana le bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba basali, ha ts'ebeliso e nyane ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e amana le maemo a tlase a khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho ho banna. Liphuputso tsa Štulhofer & Kohut li bonts'a sephetho se khethetsoeng kantle ho naha, joalo ka Liphuputso tse fetang 75 li hokahanya tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bophelo bo futsanehileng ba kelello le maikutlo le litlamorao tse mpe tsa kelello.

Peter, J., & Valkenburg, PM (2011). To sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa inthanete tse hlalosang thobalano le likokoana-hloko tsa eona: Tšoantšiso ea nako e telele ea bacha le batho ba baholo. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 40 (5), 1015-1025. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Hobaneng ha pampiri ee e thathamisitsoe? Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko, kaha ha se thuto mabapi le litlamorao tsa bootsoa. Phuputso ea Sedache e tlaleha hore banna ba baholo ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ho feta banna ba lilemong tsa bocha, empa sena ha se lumellane le lithuto tse ling tse ngata. Lilemo tsa data (ho tloha 2008), le mohlala feela naheng e nyane, li ka ikarabella bakeng sa liphetho tse sa khahliseng. Kapa bacha ba maDutch ba tloaetse ho bua leshano ka ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphetho tsa 2008 ha li tsamaellane le lintlha tsa moraorao -Bacha ba Australia ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litloaelano le boitšoaro ba likotsi tsa thobalano (2017). Phuputso ena ho ba Australia, e leng lilemo tse 15-29, e fumane hore 100% ea banna (82% ea basali) ba ne ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Hape, karolo ea 69 ea banna le karolo ea 23 ea basali e ile ea qala ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha li le lilemo li 13 kapa tse nyenyane. Ho phaella moo phuputso ena e tlalehile hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata li amana le mathata a bophelo ba kelello.

Van Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., & Walrave, M. (2014).Mekhatlo lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le livideo tsa 'mino tsa bacha le boits'oaro ba bona ba thobalano. Cyberpsychology, boits'oaro, le marang-rang a sechaba, 17 (12), 772-778. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Joalokaha kakaretso ea Alliance e boletse "Mekhoa ea ho romela litšoantšo ka thobalano e ne e amana haholo le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ha e laola lilemo, tekano, sekolo sa sekolo le tšebeliso ea Inthanete."

Lifilimi kapa karolo ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali

Moelelo / Boemo: Deniers 'conundrum: seo o lokelang ho se etsa ka lithuto tsohle tse ngata tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li hlahisa liphello tse ngata tse mpe? Kaha bahanyetsi ba ne ba ka ntša lipatlisiso tse ngata tse tsosang takatso le maikutlo, ba ile ba qapa leano le lecha la ho tšehetsa phutuho ea bona ea agnotology: ba beha molato litlokotsing tsohle tsa bootsoa ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho e-na le hoo. (E re eng?)

In 2016 tse seng kae tsa Deniers (Ley & Prause) e bile litsebi tsa pele ho leka ho kholisa lefatše hore ho ipholla litho, eseng tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, e ne e ikarabella bakeng sa ho tlōla ho hoholo ha litekanyetso tsa ho se sebetse ka erectile ho banna ba tlas'a 40. "Bohlokoa" ba ntlha ena e khothaletsang ea ho bua bo na le bokhoni ba ho kenya letsoho ho belaella mohopolong oa sechaba mabapi le likotsi tsa bootsoa. Ke tšitiso e babatsehang ho tsoa ho bopaki bohle bo bontšang ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa inthanete ho baka kotsi.

Leha ho le joalo, ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lithuto tseo Deniers e li qotsitseng, ntle le khetho e le' ngoe, e fanang ka ts'ehetso e nyane bakeng sa herring ea bona e khubelu. Ntle le moo, pampiri ea setsebi sa kahisano SL Perry, e neng e se na lintlha tse tšepahalang tsa maqhubu a ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ha e le hantle ke khopolo-taba feela joalokaha ho boletsoe ka tlase.

Litsebi tsa 'nete tsa ho kopanela liphate ha li bue hore ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho etsa hore ED e mocha. Ka sebele li-urologists, litsebi tse ka pele-morao litabeng tsa bophelo bo botle ba botona kapa botšehali, u se ke ua li etsa. 'Nete ke hore, ho hang ha ho motho historing ea kajeno ea ho kopanela liphate (pholosa bana ba seng bakae ba li-sexologist) ba kileng ba fana ka tlhahiso ea hore ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ke sesosa sa mathata a kang e sa foleng ho se sebetse ha erectile ho banna bahlankana. Ha e le hantle, ho ikhotsofatsa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho 'nile ha e-ba molemo ka lilemo tse mashome. Physiologically, monate oe-ho-monate o monate o ka hlalosa joang liphetoho ho ba bang ba litšoantšo tsa thobalano tse tebileng hoo ba kopanang le balekane ba sebele ba sa tsose? E ka hlalosa joang linako tse khutšoanyane tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha bahlankana ba bang ba tlaleha ka mor'a ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho hlalosa joang ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 70 tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse fokolang ho fokotsa thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano (ho kenyeletsa lithuto tsa longitudinal tsa 7?

Le hoja bahanyetsi ba sa utloisise hantle ka ho hlalosa hantle kamoo ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho ka 'na ha hlahisa ED e sa foleng ho bahlankana ba nang le bophelo bo botle, qeto e le' ngoe e utloahalang ke hore ba ipolella hore ho ipholla litho ho baka kotsi haholo hoo ba lemetseng ba ke keng ba finyelloa. Bothata ke, tšenyo e joalo ke mofuta oa manyolo ED (e fumanoa habonolo ke bahlokomeli ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo). Ha ho ntse ho na le lithuto tse sa tšoaneng tse bontšang a 500-1000% keketseho ea ED ho banna ba tlas'a 40, ha ho thuto e bonts'ang tšenyo e matla ea lisele tsa mokokotlo e ka morao ho tsoho ena e kholo. 'Nete ke hore banna ba bangata ba nang le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ED, ba ka finyella ho ts'oaroa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho fihlela qetellong ... hafeela ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba inthanete.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, ha ho na mathata a mohopolo kapa a kelello, ho tsosoa le ho tsosoa ha thobalano ha ho na bothata ba ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ntle le haeba ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lepetjo la Alliance ea Deniers le bonahala e le: "E ke ke ea ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ...

Mabapi le lipampiri tsa Alliance, e le 'ngoe feela pampiri e leka ho hlahloba hore na "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali", 'me e hloleha ho etsa joalo hobane e ne e sena data e tšepahalang ea maqhubu a ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (Perry, 2019). All litokomane tse setseng tsa Alliance ha li na letho le amanang le sehlooho sena se reng: "ke litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kapa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka lebaka la liphello tse mpe tse tlalehiloeng?". RealYBOP e tšepile hore ha ho ea tla hlahloba mosebetsi oa hae. Re ile ra fela.

Papers ea Alliance:

Carvalheira, A., Træen, B., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho sebelisoa har'a banna ba nyalaneng le banna le basali ba nang le takatso e fokotsehileng ea thobalano: Ke likarolo tse kae tsa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali? Leqephe la thobalano le kalafo ea lenyalo, 41 (6), 626-635. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Alexander Štulhofer. Tlhahiso ea theko. Ha e bolelle letho ka hore na "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" (joalo ka ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali li ka aroloa ka ts'epahalo ho lithuto tse sebelisang ho hopola feela). Ke lithuto feela tse latelang basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tlohelang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha nako e ntse li ka ba tsa qala ho lekola litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali. Phuputso e fumane hore ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho amana le ho fokotsa takatso ea thobalano le kamano e haufi. Litlhaloso tse ithutoang:

Har'a banna ba etsang masturbated khafetsa, 70% e sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bonyane hang ka beke. Tlhahlobo e matlafatsang e bontšitse hore ho ba le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li atisa ho sebelisoa, 'me kamano e haufi-ufi kamanong e haufi-ufi le eona e eketsa mathata a ho tlaleha ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali pakeng tsa banna ba nang le takatso ea thobalano.
Har'a banna [ba nang le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate] ea ileng a sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso bonyane hang ka beke [ka 2011], 26.1% e boletse hore ha ba khone ho laola litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa. Ho phaella moo, banna ba 26.7% ba tlaleha hore tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ile ea ama likamano tsa bona tsa botona le botšehali tse fapaneng 'me 21.1% ba bolela hore ba lekile ho khaotsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Hoo e ka bang 25% e boletse hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amme bophelo ba bona ba thobalano hampe. Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e amana le ho fokotsa takatso ea thobalano le ho teneha le balekane ba hau ba thobalano. Ha ua fumana likotoana tse lero tse tsoang kakaretso ea Alliance.

Hald, GM, & Malamuth, NM (2008). Litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, 37 (4), 614-625.

Tlhahlobo: Tlhahiso ea theko. Ha e re letho ka hore na ke "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali kapa lifilimi". Phuputso ena e ile ea ipapisa le Litšoantšo tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa (PCES). Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ho sena Hlahlojoa ke YBOP le moprofesa oa kelello ea ho ithuta ho theha PCES e kanna ea ba thuto e nyarosang ka ho fetesisa e kileng ea phatlalatsoa (Hald & Malamuth, 2008).

The PCES lipotso li etselitsoe mme li kenngoa e le hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelise melemo e mengata. Ha e le hantle, haeba u sa sebelise litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho hloka thuso ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho na le phello e mpe bophelong ba hau ho ea ka seletsa sena. Hona ha ho feteletsane joalo le lipatlisiso tse ngata tse thehiloeng ho PCES phethela feela joalo! Sena Potso ea metsotso ea 7 e hlalosang li-PCES senola sephetho sa mantlha sa Hald & Malamuth ho tsoa ho seo moprofesa ea ferekaneng oa psychology a se bitsitseng "bohloko bo feteletseng ba kelello":

Hangata ho sebelisa litšoantšo ho ne ho le molemo - ha ho na le litšitiso tse fokolang, haeba ho le joalo, bakeng sa mang kapa mang.
Ha e le hantle litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e matla li u thusa haholo bophelong ba hao. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, "Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li molemo kamehla."
Bakeng sa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo u li sebelisang, ha u ntse u kholoa haholoanyane ho emela ho kopanela liphate ka ho toba, 'me ha u ntse u ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ho na le liphello tse ntle haholo bophelong ba hau.

Hangata li-PCES li tlaleha melemo hobane:

Hald & Malamuth ba ile ba etsa qeto ea ho khetha "phello e ntle" le "e mpe" ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mohlala, "ho eketsoa tsebong ea hau ea thobalano ea ka morao" ho lula ho le molemo, ha "ho fokotsa litoro tsa hau tsa thobalano" ho lula ho le mpe.
PCES e fana ka boima bo lekaneng lipotsong tse sa hlahlobeng liphello tse lekanang. Ka mohlala "Na o ekelitse tsebo ea hau ka ho kopanela liphate tsa anal?"E ka hlakola"Na ho lebisitse mathata mathata a bophelo ba hau ba thobalano?"Ebang u nahana hore liphello tse ntle ke tse ntle, ha li tšoane hantle le boleng bo fokolang ba bophelo (ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi, tlhalo), kapa mathata bophelong ba hau ba thobalano (erectile dysfunction, no drive drive).

Ka mantsoe a mang, lenyalo la hau le ka senyeha 'me u ka ba le bothata ba ED, empa palo ea PCES e ntse e ka bontša hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li u tsoetse molemo haholo. Joaloka motho ea hlaphoheloang ke motho ea ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa o itse ka mor'a ho shebella Lipotso tsa 47 PCES: "Yeah, ke tlohetse yunivesithing, ke hlahisitse mathata a nang le lithethefatsi tse ling, ha ke e-s'o be le kharebe, ke lahlile metsoalle, ke kena likolotong, ke ntse ke e-na le ED ebile ha kea ka ka kopanela liphate bophelong ba sebele. Empa bonyane ke tseba ka liketso tsohle tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ke potlakile ho ea libakeng tsohle tse fapaneng. Kahoo, ka sebele, bootsoa bo entse hore bophelo ba ka bo se ke ba fela. "

Baćak a, V., & Štulhofer, A. (2011). Ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho basali ba bacha ba kenang thobalano Croatia: Mekhatlo e amanang le tumelo le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li a sebelisoa. Koranta ea Machabeng ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Botona le Botšehali, 23 (4), 248-257. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Alexander Stulhofer. Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Boithuto ha bo bolelle letho ka hore na ke "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" kapa "lifilimi". Alliance e ne e nepile ka kakaretso ea bona:

60% ea barupeluoa ba kenang liphate ba tlalehile ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ne li le matla haholo, li na le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate.

See se reng ka hore na "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" li baka khotsofalo ea kamano e futsanehileng? Ha ho letho.

Hald, GM (2006). Ho se tšoane ha botona le botšehali litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ho batho ba baholo ba bacha ba Denmark. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, 35 (5), 577-585. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko. Hape, thuto ha e re letho ka hore na ke "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" kapa lifilimi. Alliance e ne e nepile, lilemong tsa pejana tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ne li amana le ts'ebeliso e kholo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joalo ka bafo ba seng ba tsofetse:

Ha ho bapisoa le basali, banna ba ile ba pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba sa le monyenyane, ba senya litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kamoo ba lekantsoeng ka nako le makhetlo a mangata, 'me hangata ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nakong ea thobalano ba le bang.

Liphuputso tsena li ka hlalosoa habonolo joaloka ho pepeseha ha pejana ho lebisang tlhokomelong ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, e leng letšoao la ho tloaela, kapa mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi.

Ley, D., Prause, N., & Finn, P. (2014).Moemphera ha a na liaparo: Tlhahlobo ea 'litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso'. Litlaleho tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano, 6 (2), 94-105. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Litho tsa Alliance David Ley, Nicole Prause, Peter Finn. E phethetsoe ka 2o13, e phatlalalitsoeng mathoasong a 2014. Hase tlhahlobo ea 'nete ea lingoliloeng. Se latelang ke tlhahlobo e telele haholo ea maikutlo a David Ley, a tsamaeang ka tatellano, ho qotsoa ka ho qotsa ho bonts'a li-shenanigans Ley, Prause & Finn tse kenyellelitsoeng ho "tlhahlobo" ea bona: Moemphera ha a na liaparo: Fairytale e qhetsoeng e hlahang e le tlhahlobo. E qhaqha ka ho felletseng seo ho thoeng ke tlhahlobo, 'me e tlaleha litlaleho tse ngata tse fosahetseng tsa lipatlisiso tseo ba li qotsitseng. Karolo e tšosang ka ho fetesisa ea tlhahlobo ea Ley ke hore e tlohetse lithuto tsohle tse ngata tse tlalehileng litlamorao tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa!

E, u balile hantle. Ha a ntse a bolela ho ngola tlhahlobo ea "sepheo", Ley & Prause o ile a lokafatsa ho siea lithuto tse makholo ka lebaka la hore tsena e ne e le lithuto tsa khokahano. Nahana feela? Hoo e batlang e le lithuto tsohle tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li hokahane, ho kenyeletsoa le tseo ba li qotsitseng le ho li sebelisa hampe. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, Ley et al., 2014 liipone tsa leqephe la lipatlisiso la Denier Alliance: Ho qotsitsoe lipampiri tse 'maloa tse khethiloeng ka ciliegia mme hangata li hlahisoa hampe - ha litlhahlobo tsohle, litlhahlobo tsohle tsa litlhahlobo, le lipatlisiso tse ling le tse ling tse tlalehang litlamorao tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li siiloe ka thoko. Kamora nako, sena ke sengoloa sa theko e kholo joalo ka Ley et al. e hloleha ho araba potso eo ho nahanoang hore e na le karolo ena: “Na ke Films kapa Masturbation?".

Maikutlo a setsebi sa 'nete? Hlahloba litlhahlobo tsa morao-rao tse thehiloeng ho neuroscience tsa lingoliloeng le litlhaloso tse khahlanong le lipolelo tse sa tšehetsoeng ke Ley / Prause / Finn:

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lingoliloeng tsa neuroscience tse amanang le li-subtypes tse lemalloang inthaneteng, tse shebileng haholo ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete, bona - Litsebi tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng Ho lemalla: Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo (2015). Tlhahlobo e boetse e tšoaea lithuto tse peli tsa morao-rao tse hapileng lihlooho tsa EEG tse bolelang hore li "debunked" bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate e le Boloetse: Bopaki ba Tlhahlobo, Tlhahlobo le Karabo ho bahlahlobisisi (2015), e fanang ka chate e nang le litlhahiso tse tobileng mme e fana ka litemana tse ba khahlanong le tsona.
Na boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate bo lokela ho nkoa e le lithethefatsi? (2016) Tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng ke bo-ramahlale ba nang le lithethefatsi tse lemalloang haholo liunivesithing tsa Yale & Cambridge
Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho Kopanela Liphate e le Boits'oaro ba Boits'oaro: Tšusumetso ea Inthanete le Litaba Tse Ling (2016) - E atoloha tlhahlobisong e kaholimo.
Motheo oa "Neurobiological Hypersexuality" (2016) - Litsebi tsa mahlale a Max Planck Institute
Tlhekefetso ea Cybersex (2015) - Ke bo-rasaense ba Jeremane ba nang le methapo ea kutlo ba phatlalalitseng palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea lithuto tsa bokhoba ba li-cybersex
Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016) - Tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea lingoliloeng tse amanang le mathata a ho kopanela liphate a bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate. E kenyelletsa lingaka tsa Sesole sa Metsing sa US, tlhahlobo e fana ka lintlha tsa morao-rao tse senolang keketseho e kholo ea mathata a bocha ba thobalano. E boetse e lekola lithuto tsa methapo e amanang le bokhoba ba bootsoa le ho etsa thobalano ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. Lingaka li fana ka litlaleho tsa 3 tsa bongaka tsa banna ba ileng ba hlahisa lits'oants'o tse amanang le thobalano
Ho kopanya lintlha tsa kelello le tsa methapo ea maikutlo mabapi le nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea mathata a itseng a sebelisoang ke Inthaneteng: Ho sebelisana ha motho-Tšoara-Tlhaloso-Tlhahlobo ea ho etsa (2016) - Tlhahlobo ea lits'ebetso tse bakang nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea mathata a itseng a ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang, ho kenyeletsoa "Mathata a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng"
Ho batlisisa ho hlaka ho metsi a nang le seretse: ho nahanisisa nakong e tlang bakeng sa ho khetholla boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate e le ho lemalla (2016) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Re sa tsoa hlahloba bopaki ba ho khetholla boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (CSB) e le ho lemalla boitšoaro. Tlhahlobo ea rona e fumane hore CSB e arolelane le lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle, li-neurobiological le liketsahalo tse ts'oanang le tse nang le mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi. Le hoja Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric o hanne boloetse ba hypersexual ho tloha DSM-5, ho hlahlojoa ha CSB (ho feteletseng ho kopanela liphate) ho ka etsoa ho sebelisa ICD-10. CSB e boetse e nkoa ke ICD-11.
Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate khaolo ho tloha ho "Neurobiology of Addictions," Oxford Press (2016)
Khopolo-taba ea Bo-rasaense e Atamela ho Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Bo Inthaneteng (2017) - Excerpt: Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, lithuto tse 'maloa tse nang le litsebi tsa ho sebelisa litsebi tsa mokokotlo, haholo-holo litšoantšo tse sebetsang tsa motlakase (fMRI), li ile tsa etsoa ho hlahloba li-neural correlates tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tlas'a maemo a liteko,' me li-neural correlates tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa. Ho fanoe ka liphello tsa nakong e fetileng, tšebeliso e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka amahanngoa le mekhoa e seng e tsebahala ea neurobiological e bakang ho hlahisoa ha lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi.
Tlhaloso ea "Neurobiology" ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Ho lemalla - Tlhahlobo ea bongaka (De Sousa & Lodha, 2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Ka kakaretso, lihlooho tsa 59 li ile tsa khetholloa tse kenyelletsang litlhaloso, tlhahlobo ea mini le litokomane tsa lipatlisiso tsa pele litabeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho lemalla lithethefatsi le methapo ea maikutlo. Litokomane tsa lipatlisiso tse hlahlobisitsoeng mona li ne li lebisitsoe ho tse hlalosang motheo oa neurobiological oa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Sena se ile sa eketsoa ka ho eketsehileng le phihlelo ea botho ea bakuli ba sebetsang khafetsa le bakuli moo ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho shebella litlhaku ke letšoao le sithabetsang.
Na boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate ke lefu la ho lemala? (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Lipatlisiso tsa lefu la "neurobiology" la ho qobella batho ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la ho kopanela liphate li entse hore ho fumanoe liphuputso tse amanang le ho ba le mekhoa e metle, ho ba le boikutlo bo matla ba ho ba le boikutlo ba ho ba le boikutlo ba ho ba le boikutlo ba ho ba le boikutlo bo botle ba maikutlo,. Re lumela hore likarolo tsa khatello ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate e le bothata ba ho lemalla ho lemalla lits'oaetso li lumellana le lintlha tsa morao-rao 'me li ka' na tsa rua lingaka, bafuputsi le batho ba nang le khatello ea lefu lena.
Bopaki ba Pudding boa latsoa: Litaba li Hlokahala ho Lekola Mekhoa le Litlhahiso Tse Amanang le Likhatello tsa Likamano Tsa Botona le Botšehali (2018) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Har'a libaka tse ka 'nang tsa fana ka maikutlo a ho tšoana pakeng tsa CSB le mathata a ho lemalla ke lithuto tsa mahlaseli, ka lipatlisiso tse' maloa tsa morao-rao tse sa lumelloeng ke Walton et al. (2017). Liphuputso tsa mantlha li ne li hlahloba CSB mabapi le mefuta ea bokhoba ba tahi (e hlahlojoang Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b).
Ho ntšetsa pele litsebo tsa thuto, lihlopha, mekhoa ea phekolo le mekhoa ea lipolotiki Litlhaloso mabapi le: Mathata a boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Tlhaloso ea morao-rao ea ho khetholla boloetse ba CSB e le lefu la ho laola maikutlo ke ho phehisana khang ha mefuta e meng e hlahisitsoe (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Ho na le litlaleho tse bontšang hore CSB e arolelana likarolo tse ngata le lithethefatsi (Kraus et al., 2016), ho kenyeletsa le morao-rao boitsebiso bo bontšang ho eketseha ha reactivity ea libaka tsa bokooa tse amanang le moputso ka lebaka la likarolo tse amanang le tšusumetso ea bohata (Moetso, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014.
Boitšoaro bo Kopanetsoeng ba ho Kopanela Liphate ho Batho le Mekhoa ea Boipiletso (2018) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (CSB) bo atile ka ho fetisisa e le "ho lemalla boitšoaro," 'me ke tšoso e khōlō ho boleng ba bophelo le bophelo bo botle ba' meleng le kelellong. Qetellong, tlhaloso ena e akaretsitse lithuto tsa boitšoaro le tsa mahlaseli ho CSB ea batho le ho nyenyefatsoa ka mathata a mang, ho kopanyelletsa le tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi. Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tsena li bontša hore CSB e amahanngoa le liphetoho tse sebetsanang le liphetoho tse sebetsanang le likarolo tse ling tsa mahlakoreng a marang-rang le a prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum le thalamus, ho phaella ho fokotsa khokahanyo pakeng tsa amygdala le prefrontal cortex.
Dysfunctions tsa thobalano Inthaneteng Era (2018) - Excerpt: Har'a mekhoa ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng, ho sebelisoa ha Inthanete ka bothata le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng tsa bootsoa hangata ho boleloa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang lisosa tsa kotsi bakeng sa ho se sebetse ka thobalano, hangata ho se na moeli o tiileng pakeng tsa lintho tse peli tse etsahalang. Basebelisi ba Inthanete ba khahloa ke litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ka lebaka la ho se tsejoe ha tsona, ho khoneha, le ho fumaneha habonolo, 'me maemong a mangata tšebeliso ea eona e ka lebisa basebelisi ka ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng: maemong ana, basebelisi ba ka lebala karolo ea "ho iphetola" ha thobalano, ho fumana thabo e eketsehileng ea lintho tse hlalosang thobalano ka boithatelo ho feta ho kopanela liphate.
Mekhoa ea ho ba le tšebetso ea kelello ea khatello ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate (2018) - Excerpt: Ho tla fihlela joale, lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa ho kopanela liphate ka boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate li fane ka bopaki ba mekhoa e feteletseng ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate le lithethefatsi tse seng tsa thobalano. Boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate bo amahanngoa le ho sebetsa ho fetotsoeng libakeng tsa boko le marang-rang a amehang tabeng ea ho khothaletsa, ho tloaela, ho tsitsisa maikutlo, le ho fumana moputso oa lipapali tse kang lintho, ho becha le lithethefatsi tsa lipapali. Libaka tse kholo tsa boko tse amanang le likarolo tsa CSB li kenyelletsa li-cortices tse ka pele le tsa nakoana, amygdala le striatum, ho kenyeletsa le nucleus accumbens.
Tlhahlobo ea Hona joale ea Boits'oaro bo Nang le Boikutlo bo Botle ba ho Kopanela Liphate le ho Tšoenya Litšoantšo Tse Tšoanang le Litšila Tse Sebetsang - Excerpt: Liphuputso tsa morao-rao tsa theo ea likokoana-hloko li senoletse hore boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate bo amahanngoa le ho fetoloa ho sebetsanoang le lisebelisoa tsa thobalano le ho fapana ha sebopeho sa boko le mosebetsi Le hoja liphuputso tse seng kae tsa leano la boloetse ba boloetse ba boloetse ba CSBD li 'nile tsa khannoa ho fihlela joale, boitsebiso bo teng bo bontša hore ho na le lintho tse sa tloaelehang tse amanang le likarolo tse ling tse kang ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi le ho becha. Ka hona, data e teng e fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhahlelo ea eona e ka ba e loketseng e le ho lemalla boitšoaro ho e-na le bothata ba ho laola maikutlo.
Ventral Striatal Reactivity In Compulsive Sexual Behaviors (2018) - Excerpt: Har'a lipatlisiso tse fumanehang hona joale, re fumane libuka tse robong (Letlapa 1) e sebelisoang litšoantšong tse sebetsang tsa matla a motlakase. Ke tse 'nè feela ho tsena (36-39) ho batlisisitsoe ka ho hlaka ho sebetsana le litlhahiso tsa boets'oaro le / kapa meputso le ho tlaleha liphuputso tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea ventral striatum. Liphuputso tse tharo li bontša ho eketseha ha maikutlo ho hlaselang batho ba nang le tšusumetso e matla bakeng sa tšusumetso e mpe ea tlhaho (36-39) kapa ho bolela hore ho na le ntho e joalo e ka hlalosang (36-39). Liphuputso tsena li lumellana le Khopolo ea Sentience ea Khothaletso (IST) (28), e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e hlaheletseng e hlalosang bokhoni ba boko bo lemalla.
Bootsoa bo Inthaneteng: Seo re se Tsebang le Seo re sa se Tsebeng - Tlhahlobo ea Ts'ebetso (2019) - Excerpt: Ho latela seo re se tsebang, lipatlisiso tse 'maloa tsa morao-rao li tšehetsa mokhatlo ona e le lithethefatsi le lits'oants'o tsa bohlokoa tsa kliniki tse kang ho se sebetse ka thobalano le khotsofalo ea kelello. Boholo ba mosebetsi o teng o thehiloe lipatlisisong tse tšoanang tse entsoeng ka lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi, ho itšetlehile ka khopolo-taba ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e le 'boipheliso bo phahameng' ho ea ho ntho e le 'ngoe eo ka eona ho sebelisoang ho sebelisoang, ho ka hlahisang boloetse ba ho lemalla.
Boemo le nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi tse ts'oanang le lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete: maemo a ho ikemela ka bomong, mekhoa e matlafatsang le mekhoa ea methapo (2019) - Excerpt: Phihlelo ea nako e telele ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e entse hore batho ba joalo ba khothatse litlhahiso tse amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tse entseng hore ho be le takatso e matla ea ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, ka lebaka la liteko tse peli tsa teko le ho se sebetse hantle. Moelelo oa khotsofalo o fumanoang ho oona o ntse o fokola haholo, kahoo litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng li hlokahalang ho boloka boemo ba pele ba maikutlo le ho ba lemalla.
Likhopolo, thibelo, le kalafo ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2019) - Excerpt: Boloetse bo qobelloang ba boitšoaro ba thobalano, bo kenyelletsang tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, bo kenyellelitsoe ho ICD-11 e le khatello ea taolo ea tšusumetso. Litlhahlobo tsa bokhopo bona, leha ho le joalo, li tšoana hantle le litekanyetso tsa mafu a bakoang ke boitšoaro bo tlatsetsang… Maikutlo a kelello le bopaki bo matla ba maikutlo a hore mekhoa ea kelello le neurobiological e kenyelletsang litabeng tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea bongaka e boetse e nepahetse molemong oa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
Ts'ebeliso ea Mathata a Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa e Ikutloisang: Moetso o Hloekileng o tsoang ho Patlisiso ea Domain Criteria le pono ea tikoloho (2019) - Excerpt: Ts'ebeliso ea bothata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse ipitsang e bonahala e amana le likarolo tse ngata tsa tlhahlobo le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng nthong ea setho. Ho latela liphumano kahare ho paro ea RDoC e hlalositsoeng ka holimo, hoa khonahala ho theha mofuta o kopaneng oo likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo li amang e mong le e mong (sa feiga. 1). Liphetoho tsena kahare ho mekhoa ea boits'oaro kahare ho batho ba nang le SPPPU li ts'oana le tse bonoang ho batho ba lemaletseng lits'ebeliso tsa lithethefatsi, 'me' mapa e le mehlala ea bokhoba.
Tlhahiso ea ts'ebetso ea cybersex: kakaretso ea nts'etsopele le kalafo ea bokuli bo sa tsoa hlaha (2020) - Litemana tse qotsitsoeng: C.bokhoba ba ybersex ke joala bo sa amaneng le lintho tse amanang le tlhekefetso e amanang le thobalano marang-rang. Matsatsing ana, mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho tse amanang le thobalano kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fumaneha habonolo ka mecha ea phatlalatso ea inthanete. Indonesia, likamano tsa botona le botšehali hangata li nkoa li le bohlasoa empa bacha ba bangata ba pepesitsoe litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Ho ka lebisa ho lemeneng le litlamorao tse ngata tse mpe ho basebelisi, joalo ka likamano, chelete le mathata a kelello joalo ka khatello e kholo ea maikutlo le mathata a ho tšoenyeha.
Ke Maemo Afe A Lokelang ho Nkoa E le Litšitiso Khethong ea Machaba ea Maloetse (ICD-11) Tlhaloso ea "Mathata a Mang a Ikhethileng Ka lebaka la Boitšoaro bo Ts'oanang"? (2020) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Tlhahiso-leseling e tsoang tlalehong ea boits'oaro, boits'oaro, electrophysiological, le neuroimaging e bonts'a ho kenya letsoho ha lits'ebetso tsa kelello le lithuto tsa motheo tsa neural tse fumanoeng lipatlisiso le ho theoleloa maemong a fapaneng a mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le mathata a papali ea chelete / papali ea bohloeki (3). Lits'oants'o tsa boitšoaro tse hlokometsoeng lithutong tsa pejana li kenyelletsa ho etsa mosebetsi o mongata le ho lakatsa lintho tse amanang le ts'ebetso libakeng tsa boko tse amanang le moputso, khethollo ea kelello, ho nka liqeto tse mpe, le (taolo e tobileng) taolo ea thibelo.
Sebopeho sa ho itšireletsa ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse qobelloang le tšebeliso e thata ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng: Tlhahlobo - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Liphuputso tse fumanehang li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa CSBD le POPU tse lumellanang le litšobotsi tsa bokhoba ba tahi, le hore mehato e thusang ho lebisa tlhokomelo litlamong tsa boitšoaro le lithethefatsi e fana ka tumello ea ho ikamahanya le ts'ebeliso ho ts'ehetsa batho ba nang le CSBD le POPU…. Neurobiology ea POPU le CSBD e kenyelletsa likamano tse 'maloa tse arolelanoang tsa neuroanatomical tse nang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, lits'ebetso tse ts'oanang tsa neuropsychological, hammoho le liphetoho tse tloaelehileng tsa neurophysiological tsamaisong ea moputso oa dopamine.
Boitšoaro bo sa sebetseng ba thobalano: Tlhaloso, maemo a kliniki, profiles ea neurobiological le kalafo (2020) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang: Ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa, leha e le mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, e ntse e le mofuta oa boits'oaro bo hlephileng…. mathata le mathata a likamano…

Hobaneng ha Deniers a sa ka a thathamisa lipampiri tse boletsoeng ka holimo tsa lithaka?

Clark, CA, & Wiederman, MW (2000).Tekano le karabelo ho ipholla litho tsa molekane oa motho ea inahaneloang le ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano. Tlaleho ea Patlisiso ea Thobalano, 37 (2), 133-141. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlatsetso e eketsehileng ea theko - joalo ka ha pampiri e sa amane ka letho le potso eo ho thoeng ke ea karolo ena: "ke ho itlosa bolutu kapa ho itlosa bolutu?"Seo se boletse, kakaretso ea Alliance e sothetse sephetho se tlalehiloeng. Ho tsoa ho se hlalosang:

Ha ho bapisoa le banna, basali ba bontšitse maikutlo a mabe le ho feta ka boits'oaro ba molekane ba bong bo le bong. Bakeng sa banna le basali, ts'ebeliso ea molekane ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea thobalano e ne e nkuoe hampe ho feta ho ipholla litho tsa molekane. Mabapi le boikarabelo, ho bile le phapang mabapi le tumelo mabapi le khotsofalo ea molekane. Ba arabetseng ba ne ba le monyetla oa ho bona tšebeliso ea molekane oa bona ea lisebelisoa tsa thobalano ho fapana le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali e le sesupo sa ho se khotsofale le molekane oa pele kapa kamano ea thobalano..

Ka mantsoe a bonolo, banna le basali ba ile ba ba le maikutlo a mabe ka ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.

Miller, DJ, McBain, KA, Li, WW, & Raggatt, PT (2019).Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho rata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joaloka thobalano, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le khotsofalo ea thobalano le kamano ea banna Likamano tsa motho ka mong, 26 (1), 93-113. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Hape, Selekane se siea liphetho tse sa thabiseng. Pampiri ena e na le mohopolo o belaetsang o shebaneng le tlhahlobo e belaetsang ea 'ho rata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joaloka "thobalano," le ho nyenyefatsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa: Liphuputso tsena ka bobeli (eseng feela ho ithuta 2) li tlalehile haholoanyane tšebeliso ea bootsoa e amanang le ho khotsofalla ho fokolang thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano. Leqephe lena le leka ho beha molato ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, eseng bootsoa, ho se khotsofale kamanong, empa ha ho mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho theola litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ntle le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

"Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa ho ne ho amahanngoa le ho se khotsofale ka thobalano, khetho e kholo ea thobalano e ts'oanang le thobalano, le ho ipholla litho khafetsa lithutong tseo ka bobeli. Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ne ho amahanngoa le ho se khotsofale ha likamano Thutong ea 2 feela. ” [ehlile e ne e le lithuto ka bobeli]

Thuto ea bohata e bolela hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amahanngoa le kamano ea khotsofalo ho ithuta 2 feela. Sheba litafole tsa thuto bakeng sa 'nete. Miller et al., 2019 e kenyelelitsoe lenaneng la YBOP la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 70 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano.

Prause, N. (2019). Bootsoa ke ho Ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 1-7. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Nicole Prause. Tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea theko, kaha ha se thuto. Ke karolo ea maikutlo le pokello e tloaelehileng ea lithuto tse khethiloeng ka ciliegia le lipolelo tse sa tšehetsoeng kapa tsa bohata. Joalo ka likarolo tse ling tsohle tsa maikutlo tsa Deniers, litlhaloso tsa Prause li siea bophahamo bo bongata ba bopaki ho hanyetsa mishmash ea hae ea ho bua. Tlhaloso ea Prause ke boiteko bo sa khotsofatsang ba ho hlahisa liphello tse ngata tse mpe tse tšehetsoeng hantle tse amanang le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Phumiso e khothalletsa khopolo ea hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho hlile ho molemo ... bakeng sa batho bohle ... ka lilemo tsohle. Ntle ho litlatse tse mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li bolokehile bakeng sa bana (ka tlase), tlhaloso ea Prause e nyenyane haholo ho feta likotoana le likotoana tse kopiloeng likarolo tse tharo tse fetileng tsa Prause, tseo YBOP e li hlokometseng:

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea hoo e batlang e le ntlha e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e buuoang le thuto e khethiloeng ke cherry, Kohut le Ley ba kileng ba qotsa, bona tlhaloso e pharaletseng ea sekhechana sa 2018 se hatisitsoeng ka SLATE makasine: Debunking "Ke Hobane'ng ha re sa Ntšoenyeha ka ho Talima Litšoantšo?? ", E leng Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, le Nicole Prause.
Bakeng sa tlhaloso ea lipolelo tsa lengolo la mantsoe a 240 le lengolo la Prause Lancet sheba karabo ena e pharaletseng: Tlhahlobo ea "Lintlha ha li tšehetse thobalano e le lithethefatsi"(Prause et al., 2017).
YBOP e se e ntse e bua ka boholo ba lithuto tsa li-cherry tse khethiloeng, tseo hangata li sa tsebeng letho, le lipolelo tse belaellang ka ho arabela ho 2016 ea "Practitioner to the editor": Tlhaloso ea: Lengolo ho mohlophisi "Prause et al. (2015) mekhoa ea ho qetela ea ho lemala " (2016)

Tlhaloso ena e bua ka lithuto tse khethiloeng ke cherry le lipolelo tse sa tšehetsoeng li sa fumanoe lihlahlobisong tse ka holimo: Tlhaloso ea "Porn" e "Porn Ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" (2019).

Perry, SL (2019). Na kamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa le thabo ea ho ratana haholoanyane ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali Litholoana tsa lipatlisiso tse peli tsa naha. Journal of Sex Research, 1-13. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Samuel Perry. Mofuputsi oa bolumeli Perry o hatisitse sena tlhahlobo e khutšoanyane ea boitsebiso bo sebelisitsoeng ho e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa hae tse fetileng tsa bootsoa. Ka mor'a hore lipalo-palo tse rarahaneng "lipatlisiso" Perry li fane ka maikutlo a hore ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, eseng ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ke eona ntho ea sebele e amanang le thabo. Bothata ba phallo e ncha ea Perry ke ho ba sieo ha litaba tse tobileng, tse ka tšeptjoang ka makhetlo a ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ha a ntse a botsa "U qetetse neng ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali?? "Ntle le lintlha tse tiileng tsa makhetlo a mangata, seo a ipolelang sona ha se na taba feela. Ho ithuta ho Perry:

Ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Bobeli ba NFSS le RIA ba botsa lipotso tse peli tse tšoanang mabapi le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali tseo mongoli a li kopantseng hore e be tekanyo e le 'ngoe ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho lipatlisiso tse peli. Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa ka lekhetlo la pele haeba ba kile ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa tsa botšehali (Ee kapa Che). Ba arabang hore ba kileng ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ba ile ba botsoa, "U qetetse neng ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali?? "Likarabo li tsoa ho 1 = kajeno ho 9 = ho feta selemo se fetileng.

Perry o tsoela pele:

"Le hoja potso ena e sa botse ka hangata ... .."

Ha ho na letho. Leha ho le joalo Perry, Prause, Ley, Grubbs le ba bang joale ba etsa lipolelo tse sa tloaelehang ho itšetlehile ka thuto ena ea boinotšing, ba itšetlehile ka lintlha tsena tse ngata tse tsosang takatso. Mochine oa phatlalatso oa Alliance o na le pono e feletseng mabapi le tlhahlobo ea Perry. Lipolelo tsa Perry li na le lintlha tse ngata ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 70 tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho fokotsa thobalano le kamano ea khotsofalo - 'Me thuto ea hona joale ea Perry e amanang le tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le thabo e fokolang ea kamano. Ho joalo, tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e amahanngoa le Nyane thabo ea kamano ka mehlala ka bobeli ea Perry (A & B):

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Litlhaloso tsa Perry tsa hore a ka qobella mokhoa oa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka mokhoa oa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ha li khone ho nkoa ka botebo - haholo-holo kaha o ne a se na boitsebiso bo nepahetseng ba meriana ea ho ikhotsofatsa.

Walton, MT, Lykins, AD, & Bhullar, N. (2016).Ho tsosoa ka thobalano le makhetlo a ho kopanela liphate: Tlhaloso ea ho utloisisa bosodoma. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, 45 (4), 777-782. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Hase thuto ea sebele. Pampiri ena e hlahloba hape data ea khale ho tloha ho James Cantor, e leng setho sa Denier Alliance. Pampiri ena e tlalehile hore ho tsosoa ha thobalano (litakatso, ho utloa horny) ho amana le liketso tsa thobalano. Ho utloisa bohloko. Ho tloha karolong ea puisano:

Ka lebaka leo, ho tsosoa ha thobalano ho ka 'na ha e-ba matla a matla a ho kopanela liphate ho feta lintlha tse tsoang litabeng tsa boipheliso tsa bosodoma, tse kang HBI.

Leqephe lena ha le amane le potso ena e reng: "ke ho itlosa bolutu kapa ho itlosa bolutu?”Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso li senola hore ba bang ba fumanang lintlha tse phahameng" lipotsong tsa botona le botšehali "ha ba thahaselle thobalano ea 'nete:

Le hoja litholoana li bontša hore tsoho ea ho kopanela liphate e ka 'na ea e-ba mohloli o matla ka ho fetisisa oa ho kopanela liphate ho feta bosodoma, ho fetola dintlha ho fetoha ho thata hobane ho kopanela liphate ho tloaelehileng ha batho ba bong bo tšoanang ho ka' na ha fapana haholo.

Liphuputso li lumellana le phihlelo ea batho ba bangata ba nang le lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ba sa tsositsoeng ke balekane ba sebele. E boetse e theola ntlha e sa tšehetsoeng ea hore "takatso ea ho kopanela liphate e phahameng" e hlalosang boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate kapa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate (joalo ka bonyane lithuto tsa 25 tse thetsang polelo ea hore batho ba kopanelang liphate le batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate "ba na le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano").

van Rouen, JH, Slob, AK, Gianotten, WL, Dohle, GR, van Der Zon, ATM, Vreeburg, JTM, & Weber, RFA (1996).Ho tsosoa ka thobalano le boleng ba semeni e hlahisoang ke ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Ho hlahisa batho, 11 (1), 147-151.Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Leqephe lena ha le amane le potso eo ho nahanoang hore e na le potso ena: "ke ho itlosa bolutu kapa ho itlosa bolutu?”Leha ho le joalo, liphetho tsa eona li tšehetsa khang ea YBOP ea hore ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali livideo tsa bootsoa ho khothatsa haholo ho feta ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.

ho ile ha fanoa ka likarolo tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa 'ho ikutloa li phutholohile / ho phutholoha', 'ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali', 'boleng ba ho khaotsa', 'ho khotsofatsa ka morao,' le 'ho phutholoha ka hore na sepheo se entsoeng ka VES (se hlalosang thobalano video)

Ha e le hantle e Sengoloa sa YBOP 'Qala Mona' e qala ka thuto ea morao-rao le e batlang e tšoana le eona, e bontšang matla a kopantsoeng a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lipapali tsa thobalano:

Sena se bitsoa Motsoako oa Coolidge-E ikarabella ka mokhoa o ikemetseng ho banyalani ba libuka. Ho khahlisang, banna ejaculate sperm e ngata ea motile mme ba e etsa kapele haholo ha ba talima linaleli tsa litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Karabelo ena e matla ka ho iketsahalla ho mokhoa o tsosang takatso ke oa ho qala ho theola tsela ho kena holimo ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Tlhaloso ea RealYBOP e seng molaong e tšehetsa khopolo ea YBOP e amohelehang! Thanks Deniers. Tseleng, lithuto tse 'maloa li bontša kamoo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li fapaneng ka ho fapaneng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse fetileng:

Karolo ea Bokooa ba Thobalano

Moelelo / Boemo: Joalo ka likarolo tse ling, lithuto tse 'maloa ha li na taba le sehlooho sa karolo eo (Batlōli ba Molao ba Thobalano). Re qobelloa ho inahanela, re tlameha ho nahana hore bahanyetsi ba leka ho "etsa leshano" likhokahano life kapa life lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea thobalano le peto, pefo, tlhekefetso ea thobalano, tlhekefetso ea thobalano kapa khatello ea thobalano. Le ha liphuputso li tlaleha liphuputso tse fapaneng, re bua ka ts'epo ea Alliance ho feta lithuto tse 'maloa tse khethiloeng ka hloko. Re boetse re fana ka lithuto tse ngata tse nepahetseng tseo Alliance e li tlohetseng ka boomo. Lingoloa tse peli tsa morao-rao li bua ka lintlha tse ngata tsa Alliance tse buang:

YBOP - Palo ea tlhekefetso e ntse e eketseha, ka hona, hlokomoloha liphatlalatso tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa bootsoa (2018)
FTND - Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li Hlile li Fokotsa Tlhaloso ea Tlhaselo ea ho Kopanela Liphate? (2018) (e ngotsoeng ke moprofesa ea hatisitseng lithuto tse ngata tsa bootsoa)

Ha e le hantle, Alliance e bua ka liphuputso tse fokolang tse amanang le liphetoho litabeng tsa peto tsa sechaba tse tlalehiloeng ka liphetoho tse hakantsoeng ho fumaneha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka ho qotsa lithuto tse amanang le linaha tse 'maloa tse khethiloeng, batho ba fapaneng ba nang le bokooa ba se na boikarabello ba bolela hore tlhekefetso ea thobalano e fokotseha ka bophara ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li e-ba teng haholoanyane sechabeng. Ka tlase re thula likoti ka tiisetso ena.

# 1 - Ho thoe'ng ka mefuta e meng? Correlation ha e tšoane le ho qhekella. Ho na le lintho tse ling tse ngata tse bakang ho fokotseha ha lipeto tse tlalehiloeng linaheng tse khethiloeng. Sebaka se totobetseng se totobetseng ke hore linaha tse tsoetseng pele li bone ho fokotseha (ka 100K ea baahi) ho batho ba lilemo li ngata ba ka etsa litlōlo tsa molao tsa thobalano (12-34) kaha baahi ba tsofetse. Joalokaha u ka bona karoleng, litefiso tsa US bohle litlōlo tsa molao tse mabifi li ile tsa pota-potile 1990, eaba li hana ho fihlela lilemong tsa 2013, ha Lipalo tsa ho betoa li ile tsa qala ho phahama. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lits'oaelo tsa beto li fokotsehile haholo (tsa liketso tsa tlōlo ea molao) nakong ena:

Ho fokotseha ha tlōlo ea molao e mabifi ho tsamaisane le keketseho ea palo ea litho tsa batho ba hōlileng, le ho fokotseha ho fokolang ka lilemo tse ngata ho ka etsahala hore e be tlōlo ea molao e mabifi. Phetoho ena ea batho e bile teng linaheng tse ngata tsa "lefatše la pele". Ntlha ea pele, tlhahiso ea baahi ba 1990 ka lilemo. Hlokomela baahi ba mehla ea lilemo tsa 15-44.

Ka mor'a moo, tlhahiso ea baahi ba 2015 ka lilemo. Hlokomela ho fokotseha ha lihlopha tsa lihlopha tse ngata haholo ho etsa liketso tse mabifi, 'me batho ba lilemo li kae ba etsa karolo ea kholo e kholo ea baahi.

Liphetoho tse boletsoeng ka holimo tsa palo ea batho li ka baka phokotso ea sekhahla sa peto (seo hangata se tlalehiloeng "ho [palo ea X] ea baahi"). Mofuputsi Neil Malamuth o arabetse lethathamong le leholo la bong ba bong ho lipampiri tsa Milton Diamond (tse boletsoeng ke Alliance e le bopaki ba liqoso tsa bona tse sa tsotelleng):

The Aggregate Issue - Intuitively, ho bonahala ho utloahala haholo hore "ntlha ea bohlokoa" ke eona e bonahalang e etsahala "lefatšeng la nnete" (mohlala, litefiso tsa botlokotsebe bo mabifi) joalo ka pefo ea media le / kapa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. e eketsehile ho feta lilemo. Ke nahana hore ho fapana le hoo, mathata a ho sheba sena a maholo 'me ho ke ke ha khoneha ho fihlela sesosa le ho etsa liqeto ka ho sheba lintlha tse akaretsang. Mohlala, nahana ka mokhatlo o latelang: Palo ea lithunya US le sekhahla sa botlokotsebe.
Joalokaha ho senotsoe sehloohong se latelang Pew: Litekanyetso tsa ho ipolaea li khaola ka nako e fetileng ha lilemong tse fetileng tsa 20 (Ha ho ntse ho nyoloha New Gun Ownership) kaha palo ea lithunya US e eketsehile haholo lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, sekhahla sa lipolao se fokotsehile haholo. Ke ba bakae ba rona ba ikemiselitseng ho fihlela qeto ea hore phumaneho e kholo ea lithunya ke ntho e ntle haholo mme e kentse letsoho phokotsong ea lipolao, joalo ka ha ba bang ba ka potlaka ho fihlela qeto? Nna le Drew Kingston re tšohla taba ena ka kakaretso ho tse latelang: Mathata le Dintlha tsa Kakaretso le Bohlokoa ba Phapang ka Boeona ho Thuto ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le Tlhekefetso ea Thobalano (2010).
Litaba tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sebelisang le tlōlo ea molao (mohlala, mosebetsi oa bohlokoa oa Mickey Diamond) li fumanoe, ho tsebo ea ka, feela Denmark le Japane. Linaheng tsena tse peli, ka kakaretso ho na le tekanyo e tlaase haholo ea tlōlo ea molao e mabifi e tsejoang ka thobalano. Re ka lebella hore ho itšetlehile ka boitsebiso boo hammoho le mehloli e meng e mengata ea lits'ebeletso linaheng tsena, ho na le banna ba fokolang ba nang le kotsing ea ho etsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano (ka hare ho setso le maemong a seng a ntoa). Ka lebaka leo, ho latela maemo a boletsoeng esale pele a Confluence Model, linaheng tse joalo re ne re ka bolela esale pele hore keketseho e nyenyane kapa e seng ea thobalano e le hore ho fumaneha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho eketseha, joalokaha Diamond le metsoalle e tlalehile.
Hopola, hore banna bao re ithutileng bona USA ba nang le ts'oaetso e tlaase ha ba bontše ts'ebetso e ntseng e eketseha esita leha ba sebelisoa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. E le teko e boima, joalokaha ke boletse pele, 'na le Martin Hald re ile ra fumana hore esita le Denmark, banna ba nang le kotsing e tebileng ba hlile ba bontša maikutlo a maholo ho amohela pefo khahlanong le basali e le mosebetsi oa boipheliso ba liteko le laborateng " mokhatlo oa lefats'e "(bona sengoliloeng sa 2015). Ke tla ba le thahasello e kholo ho bona hore na ho tla etsahala'ng haeba ho e-na le phetoho e khōlō ho fumanoa ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro linaheng tse nang le palo e kholo ea banna ba nang le boikhohomoso bo bongata, ba kopanela liphate, maikutlo a ho amohela pefo khahlanong le basali, bora ho basali, joalo-joalo. ).
Ho feta moo, litekanyetso tsa botlokotsebe tse tsebahalang e ka se be tsona feela "tse fapaneng tse fapaneng" ho hlahloba (bona ka tlase). Le ha litekanyetso tse ahlotsoeng tsa tlhekefetso khahlanong le basali li le tlase haholo (mme boiphihlelo ba ka bo fokolang lilemong tse ngata tse fetileng ha ke ne ke etetse Japane ho ile ha fana ka maikutlo a hore basali ba ikutloa ba sireletsehile literateng bosiu) litefiso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa peto tse kileng tsa etsoa ka letsatsi le le leng ke tsa Majapane banna (Chaena motseng oa Nanking). Kahoo, hang ha moetlo o amohela pefo, lits'oants'o tse ka bang teng li kanna tsa bonahala haholo. Ho feta moo, hona joale Japane, ho bonahala eka ho na le mehlala e meng ea lintho tse ka nkoang e le liketso tse mabifi tsa thobalano le liketso tse amanang le basali. (mohlala, morao koana ka selemo sa 2000, likoloi tse khethehileng tsa literene li ile tsa hlahisoa bakeng sa basali ho loants'a ho tsitsipanya ha banna (chikan).
Khatiso ea "Taba e Tšoarellang"
Joalokaha ke boletse pejana, Setšoantšo sa Confluence se lebisa tlhokomelo litabeng tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro ba banna ho batho bohle, haholo-holo barutoana ba k'holejeng. Hoo e ka bang ha ho le ea mong oa barupeluoa bao re ithutileng bona ba kileng ba ahloleloa. Litokelo tse tsebahalang tsa tlōlo ea molao ke ka tsela e itseng e sa lokelang. E le karolo ea lipuisano tsa ho sebetsa hoa mofuta ona, re khothalelitse ho theosa le lilemo hore ha ho tluoa ho batho ba fumanoeng ba le molato, mohlala o na le bohlokoa bo fokolang kaha ho bonahala eka ka banna ba joalo "litšobotsi tse khahlano le sechaba" li na le kamano e otlolohileng haholo .
Banna bana ba fumanoeng ba le molato hangata ha se "litsebi" empa ba na le menyetla e mengata ea ho etsa litlolo tse fapaneng tsa molao. Mehato e bonts'itseng ts'ebeliso ea bona ts'ebetsong ea bahlaseli ba thobalano bao re ithutang bona, (lehloeo ho basali, maikutlo a tšehetsang tlhekefetso khahlanong le basali, jj.) Ha e so fumanoe e le selelekela sa linokoane tse tsebahalang sebakeng sena.
Le hoja liphetoho tsa litekanyetso tsa liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate har'a liithuti li ka ba tsa bohlokoa, ha li hlake hantle hore na li hlile li eketsehile kapa li fokotsehile ho feta lilemo kapa hore na ho na le tlhokomelo e eketsehileng tabeng ena (Ke tla nahana hore ho qetela ke habohlokoa). Sena se boetse se amana le "bothata bo pharaletseng": Le hoja ho fumaneha ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho eketsehile ka lilemo tse ngata, ka nako e ts'oanang ho bile le mehato e mengata ea ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea thobalano le ho eketsa kutloisiso e nepahetseng.
Hoo e batlang e le univesithing eohle ea sechaba hona joale e laetse litšebeletso bakeng sa bohle ba hloekileng, ntho e neng e se joalo lilemong tse fetileng. Ho nka hore mekhoa e meng ea mecha ea phatlalatso e ka kenya letsoho ho eketsa ts'oaetso ea likamano tsa thobalano, re ka etsa joang hore re se ke ra hlokomoloha keketseho e ts'oanang ea phatlalatsa ka taba ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano le mehato ea sebele e hlahang ka nako e lekanang?

Mofuta o mong oa bohlokoa o fapaneng le oa (ka) ho nepahala ha lipalo-palo tse amanang le litlōlo tsa molao tsa thobalano.

#2 - Liphuputso li senola hore litefiso tsa peto li atisa ho boleloa. Ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore tlōlo ea molao ea ho betoa e lula e sa tlalehoa. Esita le litlaleho tsa mapolesa li ka 'na tsa senyeha, joalokaha pampiri ena ea moprofesa oa molao oa United States e fana ka maikutlo a reng: Tsela ea ho bua leshano le mekhoa e mengata ea matšoafo: Masoabi a Hlōtseng a Amerika a Patehileng (2014).

Ho sebelisa mokhoa ona oa libuka ho fumana hore na metse e meng e ka 'na ea hlōleha ho tlaleha palo ea sebele ea litletlebo tse betliloeng, Ke fumana bohlokoa ba ho betoa ha lifofane tsa mapolesa ho pholletsa le naha. Liphello li bontša hore hoo e batlang e le 22% ea 210 e ile ea ithuta lefapha la mapolesa le ikarabellang bakeng sa batho ba bonyane 100,000 batho ba nang le litekanyetso tse ngata tsa litekanyetso tsa ho betoa ho bontšang hore ho theoha ho tloha 1995 ho ea 2012. Ka ho hlakileng, palo ea mebuso e fokolang ka tlase e eketsehile ka ho feta 61% nakong ea lilemo tse leshome le metso e robeli tse ithutoang.
Ho lokisa boitsebiso ba ho tlosa mapolesa a thehiloeng ka ho fana ka boitsebiso bo tsoang lipakeng tsa lipalo tse bolaeang, thuto ena e lekanyetsa hore 796,213 ho litletlebo tsa 1,145,309 tsa tlōlo ea basali ea basali ba hlekefetsoang naheng ka bophara e ile ea nyamela litlalehong tsa 1995 ho 2012. Ho feta moo, boitsebiso bo lokisoeng bo senola hore nako ea ho ithuta e kenyelletsa ho leshome le metso e mehlano ho isa ho leshome le metso e robeli ea litefiso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa ho betoa ho tloha ha ho latela lintlha tse qalileng ho 1930. Ho e-na le ho ba le "ho theoha ho hoholo" ho tlalehiloeng ka hohle-hohle, Amerika e ka har'a mathata a patehileng a peto.

#3 - Linaha tse ngata li tlalehile keketseho ea lipalo tsa peto ka nako eona ena. Mohlala, liphuputso tse tsoang Spain le Norway li tlaleha lipatlisiso tse hanyetsanang le taba ea Diamond (tsohle li sa boleloe ke Alliance):

Na pefo ea thobalano e amana le ho pepeseha ha Inthanete Bopaki ba bopaki ba Spain (2009) - Tlhaloso: Ho sebelisa litsela tsa marang-rang bakeng sa liprofinse tsa Spain nakong ea 1998-2006, liphello li bontša hore ho na le sebaka sa ho fetola litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho beta le Inthaneteng, ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete li eketsa boitšoaro bo bong bo hlephileng ba thobalano, joalo ka litlhaselo tsa thobalano.
Inthanete ea Broadband: Tlhahisoleseding ea Boitsebiso bo Bobebe ba Thobalano? (2013) - Excerpt: Na tšebeliso ea inthanete e qosa tlōlo ea molao ea thobalano Re sebelisa boitsebiso bo ikhethang ba Senorway mabapi le tlōlo ea molao le ho amoheloa ha internet ho hlahisa leseli potso ena. Lenaneo la sechaba le nang le chelete e fokolang le kenyeletsang lintlha tse fumanehang ka sekhukhu ho 2000-2008, 'me le fana ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng e hlakileng ea tšebeliso ea inthanete. Liphetoho tsa rona tsa lihlopha li lekanya pontšo ea hore tšebeliso ea marang-rang e amahanngoa le keketseho e kholo litlalehong ka bobeli, linyeoe le litumelo tsa tlōlo ea molao le linyeoe tse ling tsa thobalano. Liphuputso tsa rona li bontša hore phello e tobileng ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano e ntle ebile ha e hlokehe, mohlomong ka lebaka la ho sebelisoa ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Hlahlobeng tafole ena ea litefiso tsa ho betoa 'me u tla bona hore ha ho na sebopeho sa' nete sa lefats'e (se bonts'a bothata ba ho bokella lipalo tse nepahetseng). Taba e 'ngoe ke hore, Diamond o ile a siea linaha tse ngata "tsa sejoale" moo ho fumanehang ha litekanyetso tsa bootsoa le peto li eketsehile ka nako e tšoanang, joalo ka Norway, Sweden, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Iceland, Italy, Argentina, Portugal, jj.

#4 - Litefiso tsa litlōlo tsa thobalano tse nyolohang US le United Kingdom (tse peli tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa basebelisi ba Pornhub). Ho latela lipalo-palo tse ncha tse lokolitsoeng ke FBI (bona kerafo), palo ea tlōlo ea molao (ka 100,000 ea baahi) e eketsehile ka potlako ho tloha 2014-2016 (selemong se fetileng bakeng sa maemo a fumanehang). UK, ho ne ho e-na le litlōlo tsa thobalano tsa 138,045, ho fihlela 23%, likhoeling tsa 12 pele ho September, 2017. Leha ho le joalo, nakong eona eo:

baahi ba ntse ba tsofala,
Litefiso tsa ED hobane banna ba tlas'a 40 ba phahame, 'me
litekanyetso tsa kakaretso tsa thobalano li 'nile tsa theoha butle, joalo ka ha li na le litefiso tsa tsoalo Linaheng Tsa Bophirimela.

#5 - Liphuputso tsa ho hlahloba basebelisi ba sebele ba bootsoa li bontša hore ho na le kamano pakeng tsa bootsoa le ho eketseha pefo ea thobalano, ho ba mabifi le ho qobelloa. Ho e-na le liphuputso tse ngata tse tsotehang ka ho fetisisa linaheng tse seng kae tse khethiloeng, ho thoe'ng ka lipatlisiso tsa basebelisi ba sebele ba litšoantšo tse laoloang bakeng sa mefuta-futa e nepahetseng? Joalo ka karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea Alliance, ena e tlohetse litlhaloso tse nepahetseng tsa lingoliloeng le litlhaloso tsa meta, ka hona bona ke tse 'maloa. (Qetellong ea karolo re boetse re fana ka lithuto tse ngata tsa batho tse sa lumelloeng ke Alliance.)

Tlhaloso ea litlhaku tse akaretsa liphello tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro II: Khatello ka mor'a ho hlahella (1995) - Excerpt:

Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa 30, tse hatisitsoeng 1971-1985, ho hlahloba phello ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka boitšoaro bo mabifi tlas'a maemo a laboratori, ho hlahloba maemo a fapaneng a ho itekanetsa (tekano ea ho kopanela liphate, boholo ba khalefo, mofuta oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, tekano ea S, botona ba sepheo sa ho hlekefetsa, le sephiri se sebelisetsoang ho fetisa boitsebiso).
Liphello li bonts'a hore lits'oants'o tsa thobalano li etsa hore boitšoaro bo latelang bo mabifi bo sebelisoe, hore ho sebelisoa ha lintho tse bonahalang ho bontšang ho kopanela liphate ho se nang bokooa ho eketsa boitšoaro bo mabifi, mme litšoantšo tsa mecha ea thobalano li etsa ho mabifi ho feta tsa liketso tsa thobalano. Ha ho moemeli e mong ea fapaneng ea hlahisitseng liphuputso tse tšoanang.

Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tlhekefetso ea thobalano: na ho na le liphello tse ka tšeptjoang mme re ka li utloisisa? (2000)- Excerpt:

Ka lebaka la likarolo tse ling tsa morao-rao, rona (a) re hlahloba litlhaloso le lintlha tse hlahisoang ho litlhaloso tsena, (b) ho kenyelletsa sephetho sa likaroloana tse 'maloa tsa metaanalytic tsa lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso tsa tlhaho, le (c) ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipalo ho moemeli ea kholo. AMehato e meraro e tšehetsang boteng ba mekhatlo e ts'eptjoang pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata le mekhoa e mabifi ea ho kopanela liphate, haholo-holo bakeng sa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le / kapa banna ba kotsing e kholo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano. Re fana ka maikutlo a hore tsela eo banna ba nang le mabifi ba hlalosang le ho itšoara ka eona litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ka fapana le ea banna ba sa hloekang, pono e thusang ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao le lipatlisiso ho bapisa baphaphathehi le ba sa phekoleheng hammoho le lipatlisiso tsa morabe.

Tlhaloso ea litlhahlobo tsa lipatlisiso tse phatlalalitsoeng ka liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2000) - Excerpt:

Lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa 46 tse hatisitsoeng li ile tsa etsoa ho fumana hore na litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate li bakoa ke eng, boitšoaro ba thobalano, maikutlo a amanang le kamano e haufi, le maikutlo a amanang le 'nete ea ho betoa. Tse ngata tsa lithuto li entsoe United States (39; 85%) mme li thehiloe ka letsatsi ho tloha 1962 ho 1995, le 35% (n = 16) e hatisitsoeng pakeng tsa 1990 le 1995, le 33% (n = 15) pakeng tsa 1978 le 1983. Sesebelisoa sa kakaretso ea batho ba 12,323 e na le litlhahlobo tsa hona joale tsa meta. Mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebetso (d) e ne e ngotsoe mefuteng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea litšebetso tse ileng tsa hatisoa koranteng ea thuto, e na le boholo ba sampuli ea 12 kapa e kholoanyane, 'me e kenyelelitse sehlopha se bapisa kapa se bapisang.
Karolelano ea batho ba se nang boima ba 'mele le ba boima ba litlolo tsa thobalano (.68 le .65), tlhekefetso ea thobalano (.67 le .46), likamano tse haufi-ufi (.83 le .40), le tšōmo ea peto (.74 le .64) li fana ka bopaki bo hlakileng ho netefatsa kamano lipakeng tsa kotsi e kholo ea kholo e mpe ha e pepesetsoa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphetho tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore lipatlisiso sebakeng sena li ka feta potso ea hore na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li na le tšusumetso pefong le ts'ebetsong ea malapa.

Karolo ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka thobalano (2007) - Excerpt:

Lipatlisiso le liphello tsa boitšoaro tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa
Bakeng sa Weaver (1993), phehisano e bakoa ke likhopolo tse tharo tsa liphello tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:
Setšoantšo sa thobalano e le mokhoa oa ho ithuta ka lebaka la thuto ea kahisano e amanang le se 'nileng sa haneloa kapa sa patoa (tokoloho) - thibelo, molato, maikutlo a boits'oaro, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho tsa thobalano, tseo kaofela li ka felisoang ka bootsoa (Feshbach, 1955). 2 Kutchinsky (1991) e pheta mohopolo ona, e re sekhahla sa tlhekefetso ea thobalano se theohile ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li fumaneha habonolo, e sebetsa e le mofuta oa polokeho e fokotsang tsitsipano ea thobalano mme ka hona e fokotsa sekhahla sa litlolo tsa molao tsa thobalano. Leha ho ka buisanoa ka matla, se boleloang ke taba ena ke hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li fana ka mokhoa oa ho ithuta oo, ho latela sengoli, o khopisang boikoetliso.
Hoa utloahala hobane khang ena e boetse e sebelisoa ke batšehetsi ba tokoloho ea botekatse e le mokhoa oa ho fokotsa palo ea litlhaselo tsa thobalano (McGowan, 2005; Vadas, 2005). Mokhoa oo oa ho nahana o nyenyefatsa seriti sa motho le hore na ho bolelang ho ba motho. Taba ea mantlha ke hore batho hase thepa;
Tšebeliso ea motho eo, ho fapana le khopolo e fetileng, le moo litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e leng tsa pele le ka mokhoa o ka sehloohong setšoantšo sa banna ba sa utloiseng bohloko (Jensen, 1996; Stoller, 1991);
Ho phosola ka setšoantšo seo ha se tsamaellane le nnete. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li fana ka maikutlo a fokotsang likamano tsa sechaba. Hobane setšoantšo ha se letho ntle le letoto la litšoantšo tse hlakileng tsa thobalano, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ke karolo ea lintho tse sothehileng eseng karolo ea nnete. Lits'oants'o tseo li ka eketsoa ke mefuta e matla le e tsitsitseng ea criminogenic. Ho pepeseha khafetsa ho senya motho maikutlo ka ho fetola butle-butle litekanyetso le boitšoaro ba hae ha litšusumetso li ntse li eketseha (Bushman, 2005; Carich & Calder, 2003; Jansen, Linz, Mulac, & Imrich, 1997; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshbach, 1980; Padgett & Brislin-Slutz, 1989; Silbert & Pines, 1984; Wilson, Colvin, & Smith, 2002; Winick & Evans, 1996; Zillmann & Weaver, 1999).
Ka bokhutšoanyane, lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ho fihlela joale li sa bonts'a moelelo o tobileng-le-phello pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litaba tsa bootsoa le tlhekefetso ea thobalano, empa 'nete e sala e le hore bafuputsi ba bangata ba lumellana ka ntho e le' ngoe: Ho pepesa nako e telele lintho tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e tlamehile ho thibela motho ka mong. Sena se netefalitsoe ke Linz, Donnerstein le Penrod ka 1984, eaba Sapolsky selemong sona seo, Kelley ka 1985, Marshall 'me hamorao Zillmann ka 1989, Cramer, McFarlane, Parker, Soeken, Silva, & Reel ka 1998 mme, haufinyane tjena, Thornhill le Palmer ka 2001, le Apanovitch, Hobfoll le Salovey ka 2002. Motheong oa mosebetsi oa bona, bohle bafuputsi ba ile ba fihlela qeto ea hore nako e telele ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho na le phello ea lithethefatsi 'me ho etella bafosi ho fokotsa pefo liketsong tseo ba li etsang.

Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boikutlo bo tšehetsang pefo khahlanong le basali: ho hlahloba likamano le lithuto tse sa lekanyetsoang (2010) - Excerpt:

Ho ile ha etsoa lipatlisiso tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ho fumana hore na lithuto tsa batho ba sa tsebeng letho li senola kamano pakeng tsa lithethefatsi tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le maikutlo a bona a tšehetsang pefo khahlanong le basali. Tlhaloso ea litlhahlobo e lokisa mathata ka mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa meta le ho eketsa liphuputso tsa moraorao. Ho fapana le tlhahlobo ea meta ea pele, liphello tsa morao-rao li bontšitse botsoalle bo akaretsang bo botle pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le maikutlo a tšehetsang pefo khahlanong le basali ka lithuto tse sa lekanyetsoang. Ho phaella moo, maikutlo a joalo a fumanoe a amana haholo le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho e-na le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, le hoja kamano ea morao-rao e ile ea fumanoa e le ea bohlokoa.
Phuputso e rarolla seo ho neng ho bonahala eka ke ho se utloane ho hlakileng libukeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le maikutlo a mabifi ka ho bontša hore liqeto tse tsoang lithutong tse sa felletseng sebakeng sena li hlile li lumellana le tsa lithuto tsa bona tsa liteko. Tlhaloso ena e na le liphello tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa lingoliloeng ka kakaretso litabeng tsa bootsoa le pefo.

Lefapha la ho kopanela liphate le hlahella ka bophelo bo qalileng le khafetsa ea ho kopanela liphate ho khopisa (2014) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Lipatlisiso li hlahlobile litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li sebelisa mokhoa oa ho khopisa. Leha ho le joalo, ho hang ha ho mosebetsi o lekileng hore na liphihlelo tse ling tsa indasteri ea thobalano li ama tlōlo ea molao ea thobalano Ka kakaretso, phello ea likhetho tsena ha e tsejoe. Thuto ea thuto ea sechaba e bolela esale pele hore ho pepeseha ho lokela ho eketsa ho khopisa.
Ha re etsa boitsebiso ba morao-rao ka nako e telele, re qala ho hlahloba hore na tlhahiso ea nako nakong ea bocha e amahanngoa le nako ea ho qala; re boetse re hlahloba hore na ho ba teng ha motho e moholo ho amana le makhetlo a mangata a ho khopisa.
Liphuputso li bontša hore mefuta e mengata ea ho pepeseha ha bacha le ho pepeseha ha tsona hohle ho amana le lilemo tse sa tsoa qala. Ho hlahisa maikutlo ha motho e moholo ho ne ho boetse ho amahanngoa le keketseho e akaretsang ea thobalano e khopisang, empa liphello li itšetlehile ka "mofuta".

Meta-Tlhahlobo ea Litšoantšo tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le 'Nete Liketso Tsa Liketso Tsa Botona le Botšehali ka Kakaretso Population Studies (2015). - Tlhokomeliso:

Lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa liteko li fumane liphello ho boitšoaro bo mabifi le boikutlo. Hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tse sebelisoang li sebelisana le maikutlo a mabifi litabeng tsa tlhaho ea tlhaho li fumanoe hape. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho meta-analysis e lebisitseng potso e susumetsang sehlopha sena sa mosebetsi: Na ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho amana le ho etsa liketso tsa sebele tsa thobalano? Lipatlisiso tsa 22 tse tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng tsa 7 li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Tšebeliso e ne e amahanngoa le tlhekefetso ea thobalano United States le linaheng tse ling, har'a banna le basali, le lipatlisong tse arohaneng le ka nako e telele. Mekhatlo e ne e le matla haholo bakeng sa mantsoe ho feta thobalano ea thobalano, le hoja ka bobeli e ne e le ea bohlokoa. Liphello tsa kakaretso li fana ka maikutlo a hore litaba tse mabifi li ka 'na tsa e-ba matla haholo.

Bacha le Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: Tlhahlobo ea Lilemo tsa 20 tsa Phuputso (2016) - Excerpt:

Sepheo sa tlhahlobo ena e ne e le ho hlophisa patlisiso e matla e ileng ea hatisoa ho eona liqolo tsa lipuo tsa Senyesemane tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka pakeng tsa 1995 le 2015 ka kakaretso, boloi, le litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea bacha ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Patlisiso ena e bontšitse hore bacha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, empa litekanyetso tsa batho ba hlekefetsang li ne li fapana haholo. Bacha ba neng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa e ne e le banna, ka nako ea tsoelo-pele e tsoetseng pele haholo, batho ba batlang menyaka ebile ba na le likamano tse fokolang tsa lelapa kapa tse nang le mathata. Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ne e amahanngoa le maikutlo a lumelloang ho feta tekano a ho kopanela liphate ebile e amana le litumelo tse matla tsa bong ba botona kapa botšehali. Hape ho ne ho bonahala eka ho amana le ho hlahella ha thobalano, phihlelo e kholo ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, le liketso tse ling tsa thobalano, ka bobeli ka ho hlekefetsoa le ho hlekefetsoa.

Ho bolela esale pele ho hlahella ha tlhekefetso ea ho kopanela liphate ha e le bocha (2017) - Excerpt:

Ka mor'a hore u lokise litšobotsi tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba le tšusumetso, pho hlekefetsoa ha batsoali ba banyalani le ho hlekefetsoa ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ne li amahanngoa haholo le ho hlasela ha SV-ho leka ho betoa haese feela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse mabifi. Boitšoaro ba hajoale bo mabifi le bona bo amehile haholo mefuteng eohle ea tlhekefetso ea SV ntle le peto. Tlhaselo e fetileng ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano le tlhekefetso ea hajoale ea tlhekefetso ea kelello likamanong e ne e le selelekela sa tlhekefetso ea pele ea SV, leha e le ka mekhoa e fapaneng.
Phuputsong ena ea naha e akaretsang ea mefuta e fapaneng ea tšitiso ea SV har'a banna le basali ba lilemong tsa bocha, liphuputso li fana ka mabaka a mangata a sa lokelang ho lebisoa, haholo-holo mangolo a liketso tse mabifi tse kopanetsoeng ke batsoali ba hlekefetsang malapeng a bacha 'me a matlafatsoa ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse mabifi.

Re phethela ka poso e 'ngoe e tsoang sehlopheng se seholo sa ho kopanela liphate ho lebisa puisano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litlōlo tsa botona le botšehali. Joalokaha u tla bona, mongoli ke pro-pornography (le mofuputsi oa thobalano ea PhD):

Ke nahana hore polelo e akaretsang eo ke e entseng e ema bakeng sa tlhekefetso ea thobalano hammoho le mefuta e meng ea liphetoho. Ntlheng ena, ho phaella ho a) litlaleho tse amanang le bonngoe tse bontšang ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tse amanang le thobalano le mekhoa e mebe ea boitšoaro bo bobe, re boetse re na le:
b) Lintlha tsa liteko tse bontšang hore ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho eketsa tlhekefetso ea batho ba bong bo fapaneng le laborateng (lintho tse kang 'mele, thepa, kapa khatello ea kelello joalo ka ts'ebetso ea motlakase) (Liphuputso tse 33 tse entsoeng ka litlhahlobo ho Allen, D'Alessio, & Brezgel, 1995);
c) Lintlha tsa liteko tse bontšang ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li eketsa maikutlo a tšehetsang pefo ea thobalano (ho amohela pefo ea batho ba bang, ho amohela likhopolo tsa tlhekefetso, le lits'oants'o tsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano) (lithuto tsa 16 tse hlahlojoang ho Emmers, Gebhardt, & Giery, 1995);
d) bopaki ba nako e telele ba hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho Time 1 ho hokahane le liketso tse ngata tsa tlhekefetso ea 'nete ea thobalano ho Time 2 (lithuto tsa 5 tse hlahlojoang metseng ea Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2015), le kamora ho laola lintho tse ngata tse ka ferekanyang, ho kenyelletsa Ho hlekefetsoa ka motabo, ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, jj.
Ka lebaka la bopaki bona bohle, ke ntho e thata le e sa utloahaleng, ka maikutlo a ka, ho pheha khang ea hore likamano tsa sebele tsa bophelo bo teng pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le liketso tse mabifi ke ka tsela e itseng e se tsa nnete ebile li sa fumanehe ka ho feletseng. Ee, tekanyetso ea lipelaelo e lokela ho lula e le teng, 'me lithuto tse ntlafalitsoeng le tse ngata tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso li lokela ho tsoela pele ho etsoa, empa hajoale, ha ke ne ke qobelloa ho becha, ke ne ke tla re ke beha chelete ea ka ho ba teng MONA litlamorao tse mpe tsa bootsoa ho pefo ea thobalano, ka sepheo seo e ka bang a) nyane, b) e lekanyelitsoeng ho sehlopha se kotsi sa batho ba bangata, le c) ho phatlalatsoe haholo ka mefuta e meng ea bootsoa (e mabifi) ho feta ba bang (e seng bohloeki empa e le tloaelo main porno) mme ha e eo ka mefuta e meng e meng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (tšehali, mohokahanyi).
Ha e le hantle, ha ho na liteko kapa lisebelisoa tsa longitudinal tse fanang ka mokhoa o phethahetseng bakeng sa ho khetholla maemo a teng lefatšeng la sebele, empa kaofela re lumela hore li lumellana ka matla hore li na le likarolo tse ling tsa lipatlisiso tsa kelello. Ke litekanyetso tsa rona tsa khauta bakeng sa ho theha maemo bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea litlamorao tsa boitšoaro. Hobaneng re belaela ha ho tluoa ntlheng ee e le 'ngoe ea lipatlisiso? Hobane ha e lumellane le litakatso tsa rona tsa bootsoa hore li se ke tsa ba le litlamorao? Ke masoabi, empa ke rata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joalo ka ha le li etsa (ke hlile ke li rata), empa ha ke na lebaka la ho beha litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso hobane feela ke sa rate se fumanoeng.. Sena ke seo ke neng ke se bolela ha ke re ho hana kapa ho hlokomoloha liphetho tsena ho etsa hore re foufetse hape re be le pono e nepahetseng ka eona re le bahanyetsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa….
… .. Ke ne ke sa reke ho re lekanya le bohloeki bo khahlanong le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka moo re sebelisang se fumanoeng le se re amang mehato ea 'nete ea lefatše eo re e fumanang ho tsona. Seo ke neng ke se bua ke hore joalo ka ha ba etsa, ho bonahala eka re sebelisa tiiso e matla e netefatsang ho bona feela seo re batlang ho se bona. Empa ka ho iphapanyetsa bopaki bo tsoelang pele ho eketseha, re senya boikarabello ba rona re le batho ba batlang 'nete ba ikemiselitseng, mme re fokotsa tšusumetso eo boemo ba rona ba hore ho thibela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e seng tharollo ho ka bang le eona ho hlahiseng phetoho ea nnete ea lefatše.
Ka ho nka maemo a fetelletseng ("ha ho na mofuta oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse nang le litlamorao ho tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho mang kapa mang") e sa tšehetsoeng ke bopaki, re iketsa ea sa tsotelleng mme re qhekelloa habonolo feela joalo ka mohopolo joaloka bo-ralitaba ba nkang Boemo bo bong bo fetelletseng ("porno tsohle li eketsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho motho e mong le e mong ea e shebileng").
Hape, u se ke oa nkenya hampe: Ke rata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ke li shebella ka linako tsohle, 'me ke na le takatso ea ho e thibela.

Ho ea liphuputsong tseo Alliance e li khethileng ka hloko, le mehlala e meng e mengata ea se neng se se na morero.

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Burton, DL, Leibowitz, GS, & Howard, A. (2010).Ho bapisoa le mofuta oa bokebekoa ba litlokotsebe tsa bana litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso: Ho se be le kamano pakeng tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le liketso tsa thobalano 1. Journal of Nursing Forensic, 6 (3), 121-129. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhaloso ea Alliance e hlakola lintlha tse seng kae tsa bohlokoa haholo: tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana le ka bobeli ho hlekefetsa ho kopanela liphate le tlōlo ea molao. Ho tsoa ho se hlalosang:

Batho ba hlekefetsang ka thobalano ba ile ba tlaleha ho feta pele le ka morao-10 (lilemo tsa lilemo) ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta ba hlekefetsang ba sa nyalanang. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa ba hlekefetsang ka thobalano, ho pepeseha ha ho tsamaisane le nako eo ba hlekefetsang ba ileng ba qala ho hlekefetsa ka eona, ho ba le palo ea bahlaseluoa ba bona, kapa boemong bo matla ba ho kopanela liphate. Kakaretso ea pele ho 10 e ne e sa amana le palo ea bana sehlopha se hlekefetsoang ka thobalano, 'me ho pepeseha ha matla ka ho feteletseng ha hoa ka ha amahanngoa le ho tsosoa kapa ho sebelisa matla a sebelisoang ke bacha. Qetellong, ho pepeseha ho ne ho amana haholo le likarolo tsohle tsa tlōlo ea molao tse sa tšoaneng.

Alliance e tšepile hore ha ho motho ea balang thuto ea sebele.

Kutchinsky, B. (1991). Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le peto: Khopolo le tloaelo? Bopaki ba litlaleho tsa tlōlo ea molao linaheng tse 'nè moo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fumanehang habonolo. International Journal of Molao le Psychiatry. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Lintlha tsa pele ho marang-rang tse tsoang ho 1980's. Joalo ka linaha tse khethiloeng tsa Milton Diamond, sena se kenyelletsa lintlha tsa naha ka bophara. E kentsoe kenyelletsong.

Rasmussen, KR, & Kohut, T. (2019). Na ho ba teng bolumeling ho lekanya hore ho na le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng tsa boitšoaro bo bobe le maikutlo a amang basali? Journal of Sex Research, 56 (1), 38-49. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Taylor Kohut. Tlatsetso e eketsehileng ea theko, kaha thuto ea hae ha e na kamano le thobalano e khopisang. Joalo ka lithuto tse ling tsa Kohut (tse hlalositsoeng kaholimo), o ile a khetha mekhoa ea ho etsa bonnete ba hore basali ba bolumeli (ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso) ba fumana lintlha tse tlase phetolelong ea hae ea "maikutlo a lekanang." Kohut o entse moralo “mohlala as feela:

Tšehetso ea ho ntša mpa.
SE Ho lumela hore bophelo ba lelapa boa utloahala ha mosali a e-na le nako e tletseng.

Ho sa tsotellehe seo u se lumelang, ho bonolo ho bona hore batho ba bolumeli ba tla be ba lebala hōle tlaase ka Taylor Kohut's 2-karolo ea "egalitarianism" tlhahlobo.

Mona ke senotlolo: baahi ba lefatše, bao hangata ba nang le tokoloho, sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse phahameng ho feta batho ba bolumeli. Ka ho khetha mekhoa ena ea 2 feela le ho hlokomoloha mefuta e meng e mengata e mengata, Taylor Kohut o ne a tseba hore o tla qetella a sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho feta litabeng tsa lefatše) ho amana le litekanyetso tsa thuto tsa hae tsa "egalitarianism"(Tlaase ho batho ba bolumeli). Ka nako eo Kohut o ile a khetha sehlooho se neng se se senya kaofela.

Kristen N. Jozkowski, Tiffany L. Marcantonio, Kelley E. Rhoads, Sasha Canan, Mary E. Hunt le Malaki Willis (2019) Tlhahlobo ea Tlhahlobo ea ho Kopanela Liphate le Tlhaloso ea ho hana ho Kopanela Lipapaling, Mantsoe a Lipatlisiso tsa ho Kopanela Liphate, DOI: 10.1080 / 00224499.2019.1595503 Khokahano ho web

Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko. Thuto ena ha e mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha ho e 'ngoe ea lifilimi tse khethiloeng tse neng li le X. Ha e le hantle, boholo ba bona e ne e le PG-13. E ntle leka, Alliance.

Kutchinsky, B. (1992). Lipolotiki tsa lipatlisiso tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Law & Soc'y Rev., 26, 447. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Ha se thuto. Tlhaloso ea 1992 e sa utloahaleng mabapi le moqoqo. Bua ka litemana tsa theko ea lichelete.

Mellor, E., & Duff, S. (2019).Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le kamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho kopanela liphate ho soabisang banna: Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng. Tlhekefetso le boitšoaro bo mabifi. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Kakaretso ea Alliance e ne e nepahetse. Leha ho le joalo, rea belaella khetho ea mongoli oa ho amohela 21 feela ea maqephe a bohlokoa a 157 bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea hae. Litšireletso tsa rona li tšehetsoa ke 'nete eo hore ha ho na tlhahlobo e ling ea lingoliloeng e fihlang liqeto tse tšoanang. Ho phaella moo, boholo ba litokomane tsa 21 tse khethiloeng li kenyeletsa batho ba baholo ka litlōlo tsa molao tsa bana ba thobalano, eseng ngoana ho bana, kapa batho ba baholo ho batlōli ba baholo. Ha a bua ka lipatlisiso tsa Milton Diamond, mofuputsi Neil Malamuth o hlokometse hore liphello tsa bana ba likhutsana le ba bang ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba bana li ka 'na tsa fapana haholo le liphello tsa batho bao e seng li-pedophile ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro:

Ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka monyetla oa hore ho ka ba le "li-subgroups" tse fapaneng haholo tse nang le litšusumetso tse fapaneng haholo (le tse fapaneng) tsa tlhahiso, haholo mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bana, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ke mosebetsi oa Mickey Diamond le monyetla oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Re buile ka sehlooho sena sehloohong se latelang: Malamuth, N. & Huppin, M. (2007). Ho taka moeli litšoantšong tsa bootsoa tsa bana: Ho tlisa molao tumellanong le bopaki ba lipatlisiso.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, meta-analaysis e fane ka hoo e ka bang thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho batho ba baholo ba tlōlisano ea thobalano, e leng se ileng sa fella ka liphello tse hlakileng haholo.

Ferguson, CJ, & Hartley, RD (2009).Thabo ke ea nakoana ... litšenyehelo tse senyehang ?: Tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho betoa le tlhekefetso ea thobalano. Boits'oaro le boitšoaro bo mabifi, 14 (5), 323-329. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Kakaretso ea Alliance e nepahetse - "Mekhoa ea tlhekefetso ea ho betoa United States e bonts'a kamano e fapaneng pakeng tsa ho sebelisoa ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litefiso tsa ho betoa. Litaba tse tsoang linaheng tse ling li bontšitse likamano tse tšoanang.”Leha ho le joalo, boithuto bo ipapisitse le lintlha tse kopaneng tsa litefiso tsa peto le ho fumaneha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tsoa linaheng tse fokolang feela. Mefokolo e tebileng mefuteng ena ea lithuto e hlahlobiloe kaholimo ho kenyelletso, eo hape e lebisitseng boithuto ba Milton Diamond ka tlase.

Tlhokomeliso: Ka lilemo tse ngata, Ferguson e 'nile ea hlasela khopolo ea ho lemalla marang-rang, ha ho ntse ho etsoa letšolo la ho boloka Internet Gaming Disorder tsoa ICD-11. (O ile a lahleheloa ke 2019 ha Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o amohetse ICD-11, empa letšolo la hae le tsoela pele ka litsela tse ngata.) Ha e le hantle, Ferguson le Nicole Prause e ne e le bangoli ba mmoho le pampiri e kholo e lekang ho nyatsa mekhoa e metle ea lithethefatsi. (Liqoso tsa bona li ne li hlahisoa lihlopha tsa litsebi ke litsebi, ho makasine ena Leqephe la Likhatiso tsa Boitšoaro.)

Diamond, M., Jozifkova, E., & Weiss, P. (2011). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le litlolo tsa molao tsa thobalano Czech Republic. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, 40 (5), 1037-1043. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Kakaretso ea Alliance e nepahetse: "Nako e telele eo ho eona litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bana li seng molaong… e bontsitse phokotseho e kholo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano le bana. ” Sena ke seo Malamuth a se buileng ka thuto ea Diamond lipuisanong tsa lenane la thuto ea thuto ea thobalano ("U Ngola") ke potso, karabo ke Malamuth:

Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litlokotsebe tsa thobalano: Ke nahana hore batho ba bangata ba bonahala ba na le maikutlo a hore lipatlisiso tse akaretsang tsa naha e bontšitse khokahano e fapaneng lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea thobalano le peto. Ha ke kholoe hore sena ke 'nete ho hang. Haeba u ea sebakeng sa Milton Diamond u ka bona hore hang ha data e arotsoe pakeng tsa tlhekefetso ea bana ka thobalano le peto, ho hlakile hore ea morao-rao ha ea ka ea fokotseha (empa le eona ha ea eketseha) ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li qala ho fumaneha. Ho feta moo u ka bona hore ho na le mehlala ea linaha tseo bonyane li arohanang ka eona, ho na le kamano e ntle pakeng tsa tse peli. Ka mohlala, ho na le sehlooho se bontšang hore,
Ho latela Google Trends, "Papua New Guinea ke naha e nang le litso tse ngata ka ho fetesisa tse shebahalang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. PNG e na le baahi ba ka tlase ho limilione tse 8 batho le litheko tse tlase tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, empa o na le liperesente tse kholo tsa ho batla mantsoe “porno” le “litšoantšo tsa bootsoa” ha a bapisoa le naha lipatlisiso tsohle. Phuputso e phatlalalitsoeng ho The Lancet e tlaleha hore karolo ea 59 ea banna ba sebakeng sa PNG Autonomous Region ea Bougainville e ne e betselitse molekane oa bona le 41 peresente e 'nile ea beta mosali eo e seng molekane oa bona.
Ntle le moo, sengoloa se supa hore linaha tse leshome tse holimo tse batlang 'litšoantšo tsa bootsoa': Google Trends
1. Papua New Guinea
2. Zimbabwe
3. Kenya
4. Botswana
5. Zambia
6. Ethiopia
7. Malawi
8. Uganda
9. Fiji
10. Nigeria
Nka nahana hore har'a tsona ekaba linaha tse nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa thobalano le mefuta e meng ea tlhekefetso khahlanong le basali. Ka kopo hlokomela hore ha ke phehe khang ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke "sesosa" kapa "a" empa ke khahlanong le tumelo e tloaelehileng ea hore lefats'e ka bophara kapa ka nako e telele mokhatlo o fapaneng o bontšitsoe lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea thobalano le peto. Ho ka ba monate ho etsa phuputso e neng e shebahala e le setso le setso kamora ho laola lipalo-palo bakeng sa lisosa tsa kotsi tsa Mohlala oa Confluence, haholoholo Bohale ba Borena.
Ke ne ke tla bolela esale pele hore linaheng tse nang le maemo a phahameng a kotsi, ho na le kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le peto (haholoholo hara banna ka kakaretso ho fapana le litlolo tsa molao tse ahlotsoeng feela) empa ha ho likamano kapa tse fapaneng linaheng tse nang le banna ba fokolang ba leng teng kotsi ho latela Mohlala oa Confluence.
U HLAHOTSE: ka tekanyo ea sechaba, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka ba le phello e ntle litabeng tsa molao tsa ho kopanela liphate
MOTSOALLE: Joalokaha ke bontšitse pejana, ha ke kholoe lintlha tsa Diamond le litaba tse amanang le tsona li senola seo hangata ho nahanoang ka tlolo ea molao ea thobalano. Joalokaha Diamond le basebetsi-'moho le bona ba hlokometse, data e bonts'a kamano e fapaneng pakeng tsa ho fumaneha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tlhekefetso ea bana ba thobalano. Ha ho na setsoalle se leholo se tšoanang pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le peto. Lisosa tsa ho betoa le litšoaneleho tsa baphaphathehi khahlanong le ba hlekefetsang bana hangata li fapane haholo ebile ha lia lokela ho lumellana hammoho. Ntle le moo, tlhaiso-leseling e tsamaellana le boemo ba naha ka kakaretso mme e hloka tlhokomeliso e kholo mabapi le likamano tsa lisosa, karolo e 'ngoe e bakoa ke "bothata bo akaretsang" (Kingston & Malamuth, 2011).
Seo re ka se phethelang ka boits'epo ke hore bakeng sa linaha tse ithutoang, ha ho na keketseho e akaretsang ea peto ha melao ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fetoloa ho lumella ho fumaneha ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Hape, ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore ho bonahala eka linaha tsohle tse ithutoang ke Diamond le metsoalle li bonahala e le tsona tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba le banna ba seng bakae feela ba kotsing e kholo ea ho etsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano. Ke ne ke ntse ke sa sheba Croatia pejana, empa patlo e potlakileng ea google e bonts'a hore 94% ha e lumellane le polelo ea hore basali ba lokela ho mamella pefo ho boloka lelapa le kopane.
U HLOKOTSE: empa, har'a sechaba seo ho fihlella hohle moo ho nang le banna ba pepesehang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa moo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li eketsang kotsing ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano, ka lebaka la ho ba le mathata a kotsi
SEHLOOHO: haholo-holo tumellanong le seo u se ngotseng empa se ngotse ka tsela e sa tšoaneng: bakeng sa banna sechabeng ka kakaretso ba nang le maemo a batlang a phahame ho "lintlha tsa bohlokoa" tsa kotsi, lintlha li bonts'a ka matla hore ts'ebeliso e "boima" ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka eketsa maikutlo a mabifi a ho kopanela liphate le litšekamelo tsa boits'oaro..
U HLOKOTSE: mekhatlo e lumellang ho fumana litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka 'na ea e-ba ho rekisoa, ho amohela kotsi e nyenyane e eketsehileng sehlopheng se senyenyane bakeng sa kotsi e kholo e fokotsehileng ho feta baahi ba bangata
POTSO: Ke nahana hore re lokela ho ba hlokolosi ka ho etsa mekhoa e mengata ea lichaba ntle le ho nahanisisa ka maemo a sa tšoaneng har'a bona. Nka nahana hore ho fetola melao ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Saudi Arabia vs. Denmark e ne e tla ba le liphello tse fapaneng haholo. Hape, Ke nahana hore ho lebisa tlhokomelo feela kapa haholo-holo litabeng tsa molao tsa ho kopanela liphate, haholo-holo ho betoa, e ka ba bothata. Mohlala, joalo ka ha re ngotse libakeng tse ling, hangata Japane e sebelisoa e le e 'ngoe ea mehlala ea mantlha ea linaha tseo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fumanehang hohle (ho kenyeletsoa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "tse mabifi") le litefiso tsa peto li tlase haholo joale le nalaneng.
Japane ka sebele ke naha e bileng le lithibelo tse matla sechabeng khahlanong le tlhekefetso ea "ka har'a sehlopha" khahlano le basali. Leha ho le joalo, nahana ka lipontšo tse ling tse ka bang teng: "Ho phopholetsa literene tsa baeti tse nang le batho ba bangata e bile bothata Japane: ho latela phuputso e entsoeng ke Sepolesa sa Metropolitan sa Tokyo le K'hamphani ea Terene ea Japane, likarolo tse peli ho tse tharo tsa bapalami ba basali ba lilemong tsa bona tsa bo-20 le 30 ba tlalehile hore ba ile ba phopholetsoa litereneng, mme ba bangata ba ne ba hlorisoa khafetsa. ” Ha tlhekefetso khahlanong le basali e mamelletsoe, e bile holimo haholo (mohlala, bona Chang, * The Rape of Nanking *,). Le ha ke hlile ke sa lumellane le tlhahiso ea hau, ha ke na bonnete ba hore re ka fihlela qeto e joalo ka nako ena.

Ka mantsoe a mang feela, ho itšetleha ka likarolo tse peli tsa data ea naha ka bophara (tlolo ea molao e tlalehiloeng ka thobalano le ho fumaneha ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano) tse tsoang linaheng tse 'maloa (ha re ntse re iphapanya le linaha tse ling tse makholo), ho ts'ehetsa taba ea hore porno ka kotlolloho e baka liphoso tse fokolang tsa thobalano. fofa hara bo-rasaense ba nnete.

Goldstein, M., Kant, H., Judd, L., Rice, C., le Green, R. (1971).Tsebo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: Banyaluoa, li-pedophiles, bosodoma, li-transsexual, le li laola. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 1 (1), 1-15. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Phuputso e entsoeng ka 1971 ho banna ba baholo (mohlomong ba hlahile lilemong tsa bo-1920 -40) ho hlahloba litlamorao tsa "Lifilimi tsa Thobalano" ho "ba khelohileng." Hlokomela - phuputso e ile ea arola ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng e le "ba khelohileng." Liphuputso tse ngata tsa morao-rao (e thathamisitsoeng ka tlase), tlaleha liphuputso tse khahlanong le thuto ea 1971.

Hald, GM, & Malamuth, NN (2015). Litla-morao tsa liteko tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: Phello e itekanetseng ea botho le phelisano e matla ea ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, 44 (1), 99-109. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: E tšehetsa khopolo ea hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka lebisa litabeng tsa thobalano tse tšehetsang pefo khahlanong le basali har'a mefuta e itseng ea botho. Tlhahiso e hlakileng:

Ho sebelisa setšoantšo sa sechaba se khethiloeng ka sekhetho sa banna le basali ba baholo ba 200 ba Sedanishe boemong bo sa tloaelehang ba ho etsa liteko, patlisiso e ile ea batlisisa liphello tsa botho ba motho (ho lumellana le maemo), ho feta mokhoa oa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, le ho ipapisa le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe ka maikutlo a tšehetsang pefo khahlanong le basali (ASV).
Re fumane hore maemo a tlaase a ho lumellana le maemo a holimo a sebelisoang nakong e fetileng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e boleloa esale pele ka ASV. Ho phaella moo, ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ile ha eketseha ASV empa ke feela har'a banna ba tlaase ka tumellano. Kamano ena e ile ea fumanoa e sebelisoa haholo ka ho tsosoa ha thobalano le ho tsosoa ha thobalano e buang ka maikutlo a ikhethileng a ho ikutloa a thabile ka thobalano, a itokiselitse mesebetsi ea thobalano, le / kapa maikutlo a 'mele a amanang le ho tsosoa ka thobalano. Ha ho hatisa bohlokoa ba liphapang tsa batho ka bomong, liphello li tšehetsa mokhoa oa ho etsa liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o motle oa likamano tsa botona le botšehali le lingoliloeng tsa mecha ea phatlalatso mabapi le ho kopanela liphate le liphello tse hlollang.

Tlhokomeliso: Banna ba nang le "maemo a tlase a ho amoheloa" ba ka emela palo e kholo ea baahi.

Bauserman, R. (1996). Ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: Ho hlahloba lipatlisiso tsa correlational. Mokhoa oa motheo le o sebelisitsoeng oa Psychology, 18 (4), 405-427. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Alliance e ile ea siea polelo ea bohlokoa ho seo ba se khethileng (se thathamisitsoe):

Batho ba etsang thobalano ha ba na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro pejana kapa lilemong tsa bocha, ha li bapisoa le li-nonoffenders. Leha ho le joalo, ba seng bakae ba batlōli ba molao ba tlaleha hore ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hona joale. Liphuputso li lumellana le maikutlo a sechaba a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, empa eseng ka maikutlo a hore lisebelisuoa tse hlalosang thobalano ka kakaretso li tlatsetsa ka kotloloho litlokotsong tsa thobalano. Boiteko ba ho fokotsa litlōlo tsa thobalano bo lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho mefuta ea liphihlelo le limelo tse sebetsang palo e kholoanyane ea bafosi.

Liphuputso tse ngata li 'nile tsa phatlalatsoa lilemong tsa ho qetela tsa 25 tse tlaleha li-link pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho khotsofatsa thobalano.

Liphuputso tse latelang li amahanya tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le thobalano, tlhekefetso ea thobalano le ho qobelloa ka thobalano. The Alliance e ile ea hlakola tsohle ho tloha karolong ena:

Realyourbrainonporn (litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) li pepesitsoe joalo ka litefiso tsa lihlahisoa tsa bootsoa.

Karolo ea LGBT

Moelelo / Boemo: Ha o tsebe hore na ke hobane'ng ha karolo ena e le teng. Liphuputso mona li fosahetse letho. Karolo ena e ka nkoa e le mohlala o mong oa RealYBOP-khetho ea li-cherry, joalo ka lipatlisiso tse ling tse ngata li tlaleha litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa (CSBD) bathong le li-lesbibi. Ho tloha Boikarabello ba Tlhaloso ea Tlhekefetso ea Boits'oaro le Bokooa Boemong ba ho Kopanela Liphate ho Batho ba Bong bo Tšoanang le ba Bong bo Tšoanang le ba Bong bo Fapaneng (2014):

Bothata ba botona kapa botšehali ke bothata bo khethehileng ba batho ba bong bo fapaneng, ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bang ba nang le MSM ba fanang ka lintlha tse ikhethang tsa kelello tse tsamaisang bothata bona har'a sehlopha sena,Parsons, Grov, & Golub, 2012; Parsons et al., 2008) le kamano pakeng tsa bosodoma le mathata a HIV (Dodge et al., 2008; Grov, Parsons, & Bimbi, 2010). Ntle le ho ba le mathata a se nang boikemelo le bosodoma ho bapisoa le banna ba ratanang le batho ba bong bo fapaneng (Baum le Fishman, 1994; Missildine, Feldstein, Punzalan, & Parsons, 2005), banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng ba loantšana le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa lisosa tse ling tse bontšitsoeng hore li amahanngoa le bosodoma le mekhoa ea ho lemoha maladaptive,Purcell le al., 2007) le likhatello tse amanang le khethollo ea sechaba le khethollo (Muench le Parsons, 2004; Pincu, 1989).
Matšoenyeho ana a kopana le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello, joalo ka bothata ba bosodoma, ho theha sehlopha sa likotsi, kapa syndemic, se ka bang kotsing ea bophelo ba sehlopha sena sa batho ka nako e le ngoe (Parsons et al., 2012; Stall et al., 2003). Ka hona, ho khetholla likarolo tse ka phekolehang tsa kotsi leha e le efe ea bophelo bo botle ho na le monyetla oa ho senya bophelo ba ho senya likotsi tse amanang le batho ba bangata.

Lithuto tse ikhethileng tsa Alliance tse sa hlahlobe litlamorao tsa bootsoa ho mosebelisi, ha li ntse li siea lithuto tsohle tseo o ile a hlahloba liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lihloohong tsa LGBT (lithuto tse latelang li tlalehile tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse amanang le liphello tse mpe):

Mecha ea Inthanete ea ho Kopanela Liphate, ho Khotsofatsa 'Meleng le Tšebelisano ea Metsoalle Har'a Batho ba Kopanelang Liphate le Batho: Thuto ea Boiketlo (2017)- Excerpt:

Lipuisano tse entsoeng ka likarolo tse sa tšoaneng li ile tsa etsoa le 16 MSM, tse akaretsang tšusumetso e nkiloeng ea SEOM e khethehileng ea SEOM. Banna bohle ba robong ba neng ba khothalelitse litaba tsa khotsofalo ea 'mele le litebello tsa molekane ba tlaleha hore SEOM-e khethehileng ea SEOM e behile litebello tsa' mele tse sa utloahaleng tse lekaneng bakeng sa bona le / kapa balekane ba bona ba nang le bokhoni.

Ho shebella Mecha ea Boits'oaro ea Botona le Botšehali le ho Kopana ha Bona le Bophelo ba kelello Har'a Batho ba Bong le ba Bong bo Fapaneng Hohle Amerika (2017) - Litemana tse qotsitsoeng

Banna ba masoabi le ba bong bo fapaneng (GBM) ba tlalehile hore ba shebile mecha ea phatlalatso e hlakileng ea ho kopanela liphate (SEM) ho feta banna ba bong bo fapaneng. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ho shebella boholo ba SEM ho ka fella ka boikutlo bo bongata ba 'mele bo seng bobe' me bobe bo ama. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho liphuputso tse 'nileng tsa hlahloba mefuta ena ka mokhoa o tšoanang.
Sesebelisoa se seholo sa SEM se amana ka ho toba le boikutlo bo fosahetseng ba 'mele le matšoao a matšoenyeho le a tšoenyang. Hape ho bile le phello e sa tobang ea SEM molemong oa matšoao a tepeletseng le a tšoenyang ka boikutlo ba 'mele. Liphuputso tsena li totobatsa bohlokoa ba SEM ka setšoantšo sa 'mele le bobe bo amang le setšoantšo sa' mele se bapala matšoenyehong le liphello tsa ho tepella maikutlo bakeng sa GBM.

Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ke banna ba nyenyane ba kopanetsoeng liphate: Metsoalle le ho se khotsofale ha 'mele, matšoao a ho kula, mehopolo ea ho sebelisa anabolic steroids le boleng ba bophelo (2017) - Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Mohlala oa banna ba nyenyane ba 2733 ba kopanelang liphate ba lulang Australia le New Zealand ba qetile phuputso ea inthanete e nang le litekanyetso tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho se khotsofale ha 'mele, ho ja matšoao a ho kula, mehopolo ea ho sebelisa anabolic steroids le boleng ba bophelo. Batho ba ka bang bohle ba (98.2%) ba tlaleha hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ka nako e tloaelehileng ea lihora tsa 5.33 ka khoeli.
Lipatlisiso tse ngata li senotse hore ho eketseha ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ne ho amahanngoa haholo le ho se khotsofale ho hoholoanyane ka mesifa, mafura a 'mele le bophahamo; matšoao a mangata a ho kula; menahano e mengata ea ho sebelisa li-anabolic steroids; le boleng bo tlase ba bophelo.

Mohlala oa Taolo ea Bobeli - Karolo ea ho Thibela ho Kopanela Liphate le Ho Nyahama Thobalanong ea Thobalano le Boitšoaro (2007) - Thuto ea bo-rasaense ba Kinsey Institute e tlaleha hore ho na le kamano pakeng tsa ho pepeseha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ka bobeli ho fokotsa takatso le ts'ebeliso ea thobalano Ha ho etsoa liteko tse sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, 50% ea bahlankana ba bashanyana ha ba khone ho tsosoa kapa ho finyella liphallelo le papali e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang litsing tsa pele (boholo ba lilemo li ne li le 29). Bafuputsi ba tsositseng ba fumana hore ho se sebetse ha banna ho erectile ho ne ho le joalo,

"E amanang le maemo a phahameng a ho hlahella le ho ba le phihlelo ka lintho tse hlalosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate."

Banna ba nang le ho se sebetse ha eretile ba ne ba qetile nako e ngata ba le libakeng tsa ho hlapela moo libaka tsa bobebe li neng li "hohle hohle, "Le"a bapala a sa khaotse. ” Bafuputsi ba itse:

"Lipuisano le lihlooho li ile tsa matlafatsa khopolo ea rona hore ho ba bang ba bona ba bangata ba bona hore ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ea maikutlo ho bonahala eka ho entse hore ho be le boikarabelo bo tlase ba "vanilla" le ho ba le tlhoko e eketsehileng ea ho fetoha le ho fetoha, maemong a mang ho kopane le tlhokahalo e tobileng haholo mefuta ea ts'oaetso e le hore e tsohe. "

Ho utloisisa Botho le Mekhoa ea Boitšoaro Ho hlalosa Bosodoma ho Banna ba Kopanelang Liphate le Batho (2016) - Excerpt:

Ho feta moo, ha rea ka ra fumana mekhatlo pakeng tsa tekanyo ea CSBI le BIS BAS. Sena se ne se tla bontša hore ho hloka taolo ea boitšoaro ba thobalano ho amana le ho tsosoa ha thobalano le mekhoa e thibelang ho thibela ho kopanela liphate le ho se sebelise mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho etsa boitšoaro le mekhoa ea ho thibela boitšoaro. Hona ho ka bonahala ho tšehetsa ho nahana ka bosodoma e le ho se sebetse ha thobalano joalokaha ho hlahisoa ke Kafka. Ho feta moo, ha ho bonahale hore bosodoma ke ponahalo ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho fetisisa, empa hore e kenyelletsa ho tsosoa le ho hloka taolo ea ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho itšireletsa..

Ho khahloa ke thobalano le ho se sebetse ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng Ho lekanyetsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete ho Batona ba Bong bo Tšoanang le ba Bong bo Tšoanang (Laier et al., 2015) - Boithuto ba Neuropsychological bo tlalehile matšoao a bokhoba ba banna ba bong bo tšoanang (litakatso / khothatso e kholo) - Excerpt:

Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho leka ho phelisana ena ka mohlala oa banna ba bong bo tšoanang. Lipotso tse hlahlojoang matšoao a CA, ho utloisisa litakatso tsa thobalano, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa tšusumetso, boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali, matšoao a kelello le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate bophelong ba sebele le ho inthaneteng. Ho feta moo, barupeluoa ba ne ba shebella livideo tsa bootsoa 'me ba bontša hore ba tsosoa ka thobalano pele le ka mor'a video e hlahisa maikutlo. Liphello li ile tsa bontša likamano tse matla pakeng tsa mats'oao a CA [lithethefatsi] le matšoao a tsosang takatso ea thobalano le thabo ea thobalano, ho sebetsana le boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate le matšoao a kelello.
CA e ne e sa amane le boits'oaro ba thobalano bo fumanehang kantle ho naha le nako ea ts'ebeliso ea thobalano ea beke le beke. Ho sebetsana ka katleho le boits'oaro ba thobalano ho ile ha thusa likamano pakeng tsa thabo ea thobalano le CA. Liphetho li ts'oana le tse tlalehiloeng bakeng sa banna le basali ba bong bo fapaneng lithutong tse fetileng mme ho buisanoa ka tsona ho latela semelo sa likhopolo-taba tsa CA, tse totobatsang karolo ea ts'ehetso e ntle le e mpe ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea cybersex.

Ho tepella maikutlong, boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, le likotsi tsa thobalano-ho nka batho ba bang ba metseng ea metseng ea moroetsana Banyalani le ba bong bo fapaneng Thuto ea sehlopha sa P18 (2016) - Excerpt:

Bacha ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng, le banna ba bang ba etsang thobalano le banna (YMSM) ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo le ho etsa thobalano e se nang likhohlopo…. Re fumane kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa CSB le khatello ea maikutlo le lipakeng tsa CSB le makhetlo a liketso tsa thobalano tse se nang likhohlopo tse tlalehiloeng matsatsing a 30 a fetileng. Liphetho tsa multivariate li fumane hore boteng ba khatello ea maikutlo le CSB li kentse letsoho ho phahamiseng likotsi tsa thobalano hara YMSM ea litoropong.

Mecha ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka Ho Kopanela Liphate le ho Kopanela Liphate ka Litšebelisano Tsa Botona le Botšehali ba Litlokotsebe Har'a Batho ba Gay le Bokhachane - Excerpt:

Banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng (GBM) ba tlalehile ho shebella litaba tsa thobalano (SEM) haholo ho feta banna ba bong bo fapaneng. Ho na le bopaki bo bong ba hore SEM e bonts'ang thobalano e sa sebetseng ka morao e ka hokahanngoa le ho kenella ho thobalano e se nang likhohlopo (CAS) mme ka hona phetiso ea HIV / STI har'a GBM… .. ho bile le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa palo ea SEM e sebelisitsoeng le liperesente tsa SEM e sa sebetseng e sebelisitsoeng ka bobeli sephetho, joalo tbanna ba neng ba le boemong bo phahameng ba ho sebelisa SEM mocheso le karolo e phahameng ea SEM ea bona e le bareback ba tlalehile boitšoaro bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba boitšoaro bo kotsi. Liphuputso tsena li totobatsa karolo eo ho sa sebetsanoeng le eona ho hlahang ho SEM e ka bapala ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa boitšoaro ba likamano tsa thobalano bakeng sa GBM.

Tlhaloso ea mecha ea thobalano e bontšang thobalano e le thobalano ea thobalano, banna le basali ba bang, ba kopanelang liphate le banna (2018)- Excerpt:

Nako le nako nako e khutšoanyane ea 1 ea lilemo tsa ho qeta nako ea pele ea SEM e entse hore 3% e fokotsehe ka mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano e se nang bokooat. Mokhatlo ona o ile oa lula o le oa bohlokoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea 3 e neng e laoloa ka nako ea ho kopanela liphate, lilemo tsa ho kopanela liphate, le lilemo tsa hona joale, ka ho latellana. Kamano ena e ne e lekanyelitsoe ke morabe o joalo hoo phello e neng e le matla ho banna ba Latino.
Qeto: GBMSM ba ileng ba pepesehela SEM pejana bophelong ba bona ba tlaleha boitšoaro bo bongata ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali joaloka batho ba baholo. Tlhaloso ea SEM ka GBMSM ke ketsahalo ea bohlokoa ea tsoelo-pele ea thobalano e lokelang ho etsoa lipatlisiso.

Mecha ea phatlalatso e hlalosang thobalano le kotsi ea thobalano har'a banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna United States (2014) - Tlhaloso:

Thuto ena e reretsoe ho hlalosa tšebeliso e sebelisoang ke batho ba kopanelang liphate le banna (MSM) ho United States le ho hlahloba mekhatlo pakeng tsa ho kopanela liphate tse sa sireletsang (UAI) ka SEOM le ho kopanela ho UAI le serodiscordant UAI.
Likhoeling tsa 3 pele ho puisano, banna ba fetang halofo (57%) ea banna bao ba tlalehile ho shebella SEOM ka lekhetlo le le leng kapa ka makhetlo a mangata ka letsatsi le hoo e batlang e le halofo (45%) ba tlaleha hore bonyane halofo ea SEOM eo ba e nkileng e bontšoa UAI. Ho bapisoa le litho tsa sehlopha tse ileng tsa tlaleha hore 0-24% ea SEOM eo ba e boneng e bontšitse UAI, barupeluoa ba ileng ba tlaleha hore 25-49, 50-74, kapa 75-100% ea SEOM eo ba e bonang e bontšitsoe UAI e ne e ntse e eketsa mekhahlelo ea ho kenya letsoho UAI le serodiscordant UAI likhoeling tse fetileng tsa 3. Ha SEOM e se e fumaneha hohle ebile e fumaneha, lipatlisiso li lokela ho hlahloba likamano tsa likamano pakeng tsa sebediso sa SEOM le ts'oaetso ea thobalano har'a MSM hammoho le litsela tsa ho sebelisa SEOM bakeng sa thibelo ea HIV.

Kamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate har'a batho ba ipehang kotsing ea HIV ba kopanelang liphate le banna (2010) - Excerpt:

Results: Nako e sebelisitsoeng ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e amahanngoa haholo le ho ba le balekane ba batona ba bangata ba thobalano le liketso tsa thobalano tsa ka morao tse sa sireletsoeng. Ho feta moo, tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le pono e fokotsehileng ea kotsi ea tšoaetso ea HIV li fumanoe li amana haholo le nako e kholo e sebelisitsoeng ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoay.
Sephetho: Thuto ena ea ho hlahlobisisa ke buka ea hore e fana ka leseling ka mekhatlo pakeng tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le kotsi ea thobalano bakeng sa tšoaetso ea HIV. Lithuto tsa nakong e tlang sebakeng sena li lokela ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho utloisisa hore na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li joang; haholo-holo, ho shebella thobalano e sireletsehileng le e sireletsitsoeng, ho ka ama likotsi tsa thobalano ho nka boitšoaro.

Ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse bontšang ho kopanela liphate ho sa sireletsoeng: na ho na le sepheo sa ho thibela HIV ho banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna? (2012)- Excerpt:

Ts'ebetso ea Polytomous ea khatiso ea lihlooho tsa 751 tse faneng ka boitsebiso litabeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li bontšitse ka ho tebileng likarolo tse ling tsa ho kopanela UAI e amohelehang, UAI e kenyang, le UAI e amohelang le e kenyang e amanang le palo e ntseng e eketseha ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ne e sheba setšoantšo sa UAI. Re boetse ra fumana mekhatlo e ikemetseng e ikemetseng ea ho etsa li-UAI ka lilemo, tšebeliso ea li-nitrites tse sa fumaneheng le boemo ba HIV. Le hoja boitsebiso bo ke ke ba theha bothata, lipatlisiso tsa rona li bontša hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse bontšang UAI le ho kopanela UAI li kopane. Lipatlisiso tse ling li hlokahalang ho fumana hore na taba ena e ka ba le thuso ea thibelo ea HIV.

Ho hlahloba likamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali ka mohlala oa banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna ba Norway (2015) - Tlhaloso:

Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho batlisisa mekhoa e sebelisoang ea ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate (SEM) har'a banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna (MSM) Norway, ka ho hatisa kamano e ka khonehang pakeng tsa SEM molemong oa ho sebelisa molekane le tšoaetso ea HIV.
SEM consumption e fumanoe e amana haholo le boitšoaro ba likotsi tsa thobalano. Bacha ba nang le ts'ebetso e ntseng e eketseha ea bareback SEM ba ile ba tlaleha ho feta ha UAI le I-UAI ka mor'a ho fetola lintlha tse ling tse sebelisang lipalo-palo tse ngata. MSM ea qalileng ho sebelisa SEM nakong ea morao-rao o ile a tlaleha likarolo tse fokolang tsa UAI le I-UAI ho feta MSM ea qalileng pejana. Lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho reretsa ho utloisisa hore na MSM e ntlafatsa joang le ho boloka litakatso tsa SEM le kamano pakeng tsa lintho tsa nts'etsopele le tsa tlhokomelo le boitšoaro ba kotsi ea thobalano ea HIV

Tloaelo e tloaelehileng, e thata le e qobelloang ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea ho kopanela liphate: Lipatlisiso tsa meriana e sebelisoang ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa (CPC) har'a batho ba kopanelang liphate le banna (2015) - Excerpt:

Le hoja boholo ba (76-80%) MSM ha u tlalehe matšoao a qobelloang, mabapi le 16-20% e tlaleha maemo a bothata ba SEM, ho akarelletsa le 7% ka likarolo tse feteletseng tse lumellanang le litekanyetso tsa DSM tsa mathata a qobelloang. Boemo ba batho ba bangata, ba ho kopanela liphate le ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV bo khetholloa har'a lihlopha tse tharo Bafuputsi le baoki ba khothalletsoang ho nahana ka ho sebelisa sekala sa CPC bakeng sa tlhahlobo e feletseng ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate.

Ho ea lipampiring tsa Alliance tse sa amaneng le letho:

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Downing, MJ, Schrimshaw, EW, Scheinmann, R., Antebi-Gruszka, N., & Hirshfield, S. (2017). Tšebeliso ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea thobalano ka boitsebiso ba thobalano: Tlhahlobo e bapisoang ea banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng United States. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, 46 (6), 1763-1776. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Kakaretso ea Alliance e bonahala e utloahala: Banna ba babeli le ba bong bo fapaneng ba ile ba tlaleha ho sebelisoa ha Inthaneteng hangata haholo ha ba bapisoa le banna ba bong bo fapaneng. 20.7% ea banna ba nyalanang ka bong bo fapaneng ba tlalehile ho sheba boitšoaro bo bong bo bong bo tšoanang le ba bong bo fapaneng 'me 55.0% ea banna ba khetholloang ke banna ba tlaleha hore ba shebella lifilimi tsa bong bo fapaneng.

Meiller, C., le Hargons, CN (2019). "Ke thabo le phomolo le tokollo": Ho hlahloba ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho ikhotsofatsa har'a basali le basali ba bong bo fapaneng. Leqephe la Tlhabollo ea Thobalano ea Botona le Botšehali ka Botona le Botšehali: Lipatlisiso, Boitlhakiso le Thuto, 1 (1), 3. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Ho latela theko ea lichelete ha thuto e sa hlahlobe litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: e ne e le thuto ea boleng bo holimo mabapi le ho ipholla litho tsa basali. Ha re bua ka ho khetha li-cherry, ke lintlha tse 'maloa tse sa arolelanoang ke RealYBOP:

Ho na le maikutlo a fapaneng mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Barupeluoa ba ile ba nahana ka litsela tse mpe tseo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li 'nileng tsa li tšoara, haholo-holo joaloka basali ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bakhachane. Barupeluoa ba ne ba loana le mokhoa oa ho thabela le ho phutholoha ha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nakong ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ha ba ntse ba utloisisa mekhoa e meholo ea likarolo tsa melaetsa ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Joan
ba arolelaneng:
Ke nahana hore ho na le sekhobo se seholo ho basali, basali ba tlase ho feta ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ua tseba? E nyelisa basali, e etselitsoe banna feela, haholo-holo haeba u mosali oa moshemane, u utloa e ngata haholo
Joan o ile a tsoela pele ho hlalosa kamoo a qalileng ho ithaopela ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me a fapane le tse ling tsa melaetsa ena. Gloria o ile a ikutloa a le molato ha a shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hobane "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li tsebahatsa maikutlo a batho ba nepahetseng ka thobalano le ba bong bo fapaneng, 'me ke ikutloa ke le molato ka ho e shebella le ho fumana o? ho eona. "Maikutlo a loantšanang khahlanong le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a tla etsa hore motho a ikutloe a le molato kapa a fokotse menyaka nakong ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho basali ba buisitsoeng.

Træen, B., Nilsen, TSR, & Stigum, H. (2006). Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso mecheng ea setso le Inthaneteng Norway. Lenaneo la Phuputso ea ho Kopanela Liphate, 43 (3), 245-254. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko ea lichelete ha thuto e sa hlahlobe liphello tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo. Hlokomela, lipatlisiso li entsoe ka 2002.

Billard, TJ (2019). (Che) Matšoenyeho Papaling: Tšusumetso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Ho sheba Maikutlo ho Batho ba Transgender. Litlaleho tsa Patlisiso ea Puisano, 36 (1), 45-56. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Phuputso eo e ile ea hlahloba litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng tsa bootsoa (sechaba sa boipheliso se nehetsoeng ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa). E ne e sa hlahlobe liphello tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lintho tse fumanoeng:

Phuputsong ena, re fumane likarolo tse ngata empa re na le litšebelisano tse ngata tse bontšang ho se tsotelle pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le boikutlo ba batho ba etsang litlōlo tsa molao, ha re ntse re fumana mekhatlo ea bohlokoa haholo le e kholo pakeng tsa ho hlajoa ke lihlong ka ho kopanela liphate ho batho ba nang le litloaelo le maikutlo.
Le hoja li sa lumellane, liphello tsena li fana ka bopaki ba hore har'a ba shebellang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho hlajoa ke lihlong tsa thobalano ke tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ka ho toba boitšoarong ba basali ba baetsalibe.

Bohlokoa ba liphuputso tse boletsoeng ka holimo bo ntse bo sa tsejoe hantle. Ha e le 'ho hlajoa ke lihlong' lipatlisiso tse peli tsa morao tjena debunk ntlha e atisang ho buuoa ka makhetlo-khetlo e tsosang takatso ea bootsoa:

Tšusumetso e Nyenyane ea Boithati Boiketlo ho Likamano Pakeng tsa Boitšoaro ba Shame le Bosodoma (2019): maemo a tlase a lihlong a amanang le maemo a phahameng a ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa.
Na mekhoa ea ho nahana e phetha karolo ea hore na batho ba itšetlehile ka litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa? (2019): Ho hlajoa ke lihlong ho ne ho sa amane le ho lumela hore ke motho ea lemaletseng boitšoaro bo bobe. Ha e le hantle, bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ipeha lebitso le lemalla ho ka fokotsa lihlong.

Joaloka lithuto tse ling tsa Alliance, sena le sona se ne se le matla ho hlahloba liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho motho ea sebelisang.

McCormack, M., & Wignall, L. (2017).Thabo, lipatlisiso le thuto: Ho utloisisa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho bahlankana ba nang le maikutlo a sa kopaneleng liphate. Khoebo, 51 (5), 975-991. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko ea boipheliso ha thuto e sa hlahlobe liphello tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa .Le lihlooho tse tharo tsa 35. Lipuisano, eseng tse ngata. Senyesemane se boletse hore "litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ne li e-na le melemo ea thuto ho bahlankana bana." Ha ho makatse, kaha bahlankana ba bangata ba ithuta thuto ea thobalano le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Ha a bua ka setho sa Deniers Alliance, Alan Mckee, bangoli ba lumela hore ha ba thahaselle ho hlahloba liphello tse mpe tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:

E le hore u fetele ka nģ'ane ho liphello tse mpe tsa paradigm, McKee (2012) o ile a re litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li bōptjoe e le mofuta oa boithabiso. O ile a pheha khang ena e tla theha phuputso e fapaneng ea lipatlisiso ho e-na le e lebisang tlhokomelo ho liphello tse mpe.
Ho e-na le ho tsepamisa mohopolo litabeng tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, re sebelisa mokhoa oa ho sekaseka oa ho hlahloba liphihlelo tse ngata tseo barupeluoa ba nang le tsona, ho tloha ha ba qala ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

The takeaway - bahlankana ba bangata ba rata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Döring, N. (2000). Maikutlo a basali mabapi le thobalano ea marang-rang: Tlhaselo, tokoloho le matlafatso. CyberPsychology & Boitšoaro, 3 (5), 863-884. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko e tlaase kaha ha e amane le sehlooho sa karolo ena kapa litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho sebali. Ha se ntho e 'ngoe feela e sa reng letho, e le sekhechana sa maikutlo se lilemo li 20, se reng:

"Inthaneteng e lokolla basali ho hlahloba thobalano ea bona ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho thabela thobalano e ngata, thobalano e molemo le thobalano e fapaneng"

Taba ea pele, likarolo tse ling tse ngata tsa maikutlo li hanyetsa sena se fumanoeng (tlhahlobo ea litsebi tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Google + bocha bo khutla Litlhaloso tsa 57,000). Ea bobeli, ho ba le ts'ebetso e kholo ea liphuputso ho amahanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le "maikutlo a sa lokelang" ho basali le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate.

Karolo ea Mamello

Moelelo / Boemo: Mamello kapa tloaelo ke tlhokahalo e phahameng ea lithethefatsi kapa ts'ehetso e kholo ho leka ho finyella sepheo se batlang. Ka linako tse ling ts'ebetsong ena e bitsoa demensitization kapa habituation (karabo e ka tlaasana kapa e nyenyane ho lithethefatsi kapa tšusumetso). Ka basebelisi ba litšoantšo, ho mamelloa / tloaelo ho lebisa tlhompho ka mofuta oa hona joale kapa mofuta oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho tsosolosa ho hoholo ho atisa ho finyelloa ka ho eketseha ho ea ho mefuta e mecha ea ho kopanela liphate.

Mamello e ka 'na ea e-ba pontšo ea mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi kapa feela ho itšetleha ka' mele ntle le ho lemalla. Thoriso, Ley le bahanyetsi ba bang ha ba bonahale eka ba utloisisa phapang. Ka mohlala, batho ba limilione ba nka lithethefatsi tse phahameng tse kang li-opioids bakeng sa bohloko bo sa foleng, kapa prednisone bakeng sa maemo a se nang moeli. Boko ba bona le metsoako ea bona e se e itšetlehile ka bona, 'me ho khaotsa ho sebelisoa hang-hang ho ka baka matšoao a matla a ho khaotsa. Leha ho le joalo ha ho joalo e lemalla. Tlhekefetso e kenyelletsa liphetoho tse ngata tse nang le boits'oaro bo bokoang bo lebisang ho seo litsebi li se bitsang "lithethefatsi tsa phenotype." Haeba phapang e sa hlaka, ke buella sena tlhaloso e bonolo ea NIDA.

Karolo ea Alliance's Tolerance e kanna ea etsoa e le koloi bakeng sa Deniers ho tseka hore bokhoba ba bootsoa ha bo eo hobane mamello e ntse e lokela ho bonts'oa (e leng leshano). Litho tse 'maloa tsa Alliance (Prause, Janssen, Georgiadis, Finn, Klein le Kohut) ba lekile leano lena le fosahetseng lihloohong tse peli tse fetileng tseo YBOP e ileng ea li qhaqha:

Bahlaseli ba fositse ka tse peli:

Ntlha ea pele, ho mamella ha ho hlokehe ho fumana hore motho o lemaletse. Uena o tla fumana puo eo "ha ho hlokahale ho mamelloa kapa ho tlohela ho hlokahalang kapa hona ho lekaneng hore u fumane lefu la ho ..."Bobeli ba DSM-IV-TR le DSM-5 moo ba sebetsanang le ho lemalla.
Seo se boletse, ka bobedi lipatlisiso tsa bootsoa ba Internet 'me litlaleho tse ngata bontša hore batho ba bang ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba hlile ba utloa a khaotsa ho tsuba Le / kapa mamello. Ha re sebelisa mekhoa e fapa-fapaneng ea litsela le mekhoa e mengata, lihlopha tse latelang tsa liphuputso li tlaleha tloaelo ea "tloaelo ea ho kopanela liphate" hammoho le ho eketseha ho ba mefuta e feteletseng le e sa tloaelehang. Ba seng bakae ba boetse ba tlaleha matšoao a ho khaotsa: Ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 40 liphuputso tsa tlaleho li lumellana le ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho mamella), tloaelo ea bootsoa, esita le matšoao a ho tlohela

Bakeng sa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho mamelloa ho lebisang ho eketseha ho se ho tlalehiloe kalafo ea meriana ebile ho na le nako e telele ka nakoana. Norman Doidge MD o ngotse ka sena ka 2007 bestseller ea hae Boko bo Itšusumetsang:

Seoa sa hona joale sa bootsoa se fana ka pontšo e hlakileng ea hore litakatso tsa thobalano li ka fumanoa. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tse tsamaisoang ka marang-rang a marang-rang, li khotsofatsa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa phetoho ea methapo ea kutlo…. Ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ithorisa ka hore li sututsa enfelopo ka ho hlahisa lihlooho tse ncha, tse thata, seo ba sa se buang ke hore ba tlameha, hobane bareki ba bona ba theha mamello ea litaba. Maqephe a morao-rao a limakasine tsa banna tse kotsi le libaka tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li tletse lipapatso bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa mofuta oa Viagra-meriana e etselitsoeng banna ba baholo ba nang le mathata a erectile a amanang le botsofali le methapo ea mali e koetsoeng botoneng.
Kajeno bahlankana ba palamang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tšaba haholo ho hloka matla, kapa "ho se sebetse ha erectile" joalo ka ha ho tumme ka lebitso. Polelo e khelosang e bolela hore banna bana ba na le bothata lithong tsa bona tsa botona, empa bothata bo lihloohong tsa bona, 'mapeng oa bona oa likamano tsa botona le botšehali. Botona bo sebetsa hantle ha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha se hangata ho ba hlahelang hore ho ka ba le kamano lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo ba li jang le ho hloka matla.

a 2012 reddit / nofap e hlahisitse a phuputso ea litho, e fumanoeng hore ho feta 60% ea litho tsa eona tsa thobalano li ile tsa e-ba le sekhahla se seholo, ka mefuta e mengata ea bootsoa.

P: Na litakatso tsa hau tsa bootsoa li fetohile?

Litakatso tsa ka ha lia fetoha haholo - 29%
Litakatso tsa ka li ile tsa fetoha tse feteletseng kapa tse fokolang 'me sena sa etsa hore ke ikutloe ke le lihlong kapa ke imetsoe kelellong - 36%
Litakatso tsa ka li ile tsa fetoha tse feteletseng kapa tse fapaneng 'me sena se ile sa fetoha eseng etsa hore ke ikutloe ke le lihlong kapa ke imetsoe kelellong - 27%

Le mona ke 2017 bopaki bo tsoang ho PornHub hore ho kopanela liphate ka sebele ho thahasellisa ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse nyenyane. Bobebe ha bo lumelle batho hore ba fumane litakatso tsa bona tsa "sebele"; ho ba khannela ho feta tloaelehileng ho etsa likotlo ho bona mefuta e sa tloaelehang le mefuta e sa reng letho:

Ho bonahala eka mokhoa ona o leba linthong tse inahaneloang ho feta nnete. Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa 'Generic' li nkeloa sebaka ke litšoantšo tse ikhethileng tsa litoro. Na see se bakoa ke ho teneha kapa bohelehele? Ho na le ntho e le 'ngoe e tiileng; 'ho tsoa, ho tsoa' ha ho sa khotsofatsa matšoele, a hlakileng a batlang ho hong ho fapaneng ”ho bolela Dr Laurie Betito.

Ka tlaase mona re fana ka mehlala e seng mekae ea ho nyoloha ha maemo le tloaelo / mamello ho batho ba bonang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tsoa lenaneng lena la lithuto tse fetang 40:

Re qala ka kholo ka ho fetisisa (n = 6463) le phuputso ea morao tjena: Bohlokoa, Mekhoa le Liphello Tse Ikhethang Tse Ikhethang Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tšebeliso ea Liithuti Tsa Univesithi ea Poland: Thuto ea Sekolo se Phahameng (2019). Phuputso e tlalehile ntho e ngoe le e ngoe eo Tlaleho ea Denier e leng sieo: mamello / tloaelo, ho eketseha ha ts'ebeliso, ho hloka mefuta e fetelletseng ea ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano, matšoao a ho tlohela ha o tlohela, mathata a amanang le thobalano, ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa le tse ling. Litlhaloso tse 'maloa tse amanang le mamello / tloaelo / ho eketseha:

Lintho tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa tseo motho a li bonang ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li kenyeletsa: tlhokahalo ea ho susumetsa nako e teletsana (12.0%) le litlhaloso tse eketsehileng tsa thobalano (17.6%) ho fihlella likhahla, le ho fokotsa ho khotsofatsoa ke thobalano (24.5%) ...
Thuto ea hona joale e boetse e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho pepeseha ha pejana ho ka 'na ha amahanngoa le ho ba le takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate joalokaha ho bontšoa ke tlhokahalo ea ho susumetsa nako e teletsana le ho susumetsoa ke takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho finyella sekhahla ha ho jeoa lintho tse hlakileng,' me ka kakaretso ho fokotseha khotsofalong ea thobalano ....
Liphetoho tse sa tšoaneng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa nakong ea nako ea ho pepeseha li ile tsa tlalehoa: ho fetola mofuta o ncha oa lintho tse hlakileng (46.0%), tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse sa lumellaneng le maikutlo a thobalano (60.9%) 'me ho hlokahala hore li sebelise ho feta lintho tse feteletseng (tse mabifi) (32.0%). The ho qetela ho tlalehoa ke basali ba inka ba le bohelehele ha ba bapisoa le ba ipolelang hore ha ba na thuso
phuputso ea hona joale e fumane hore tlhokahalo ea ho sebelisa boitsebiso bo feteletseng ba bootsoa e ne e atisa ho tlalehoa ke banna ba ipolelang hore ba mabifi.

Matšoao a mang a ho mamella / ho eketseha: ho hloka litapole tse ngata tse bulehileng le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ntle le malapa:

Boholo ba liithuti li lumeletse hore li sebelise mokhoa oa boipheliso (76.5%, n = 3256) le lifensetere tse ngata (51.5%, n = 2190) ha u sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ntle ho naha e phatlalalitsoe ke 33.0% (n = 1404).

Pejana ea tšebeliso ea pele e amanang le mathata a mangata le ho lemalla (ka tsela e sa tobang ho bontša ho mamellana-habituation-escalation):

Lilemo tsa ho qala ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse hlakileng li amana le monyetla o eketsehileng oa liphello tse mpe tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho batho ba banyenyane-lintlha tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa li fumanoe bakeng sa basali le banna ba pepesehileng lilemong tsa 12 kapa ka tlase. Le hoja tlhahlobo ea li-cross-section ha e lumelle tlhahlobo ea ho baka, mokhoa ona o ka 'na oa bontša hore ho ba le bana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ka ba le liphello tsa nako e telele ....

Lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li ne li le boemong bo phahameng, le hoja e ne e "itlhahloba":

Ho sebelisoa letsatsi le leng le le leng le ho itšepa ho itlhahloba ho tlalehiloe ke 10.7% le 15.5%, ka ho latellana.

Phuputso e ile ea tlaleha matšoao a ho tlohela, esita le ho batho bao e seng lithethefatsi (pontšo e hlakileng ea liphetoho tsa boko bo amanang le lithethefatsi):

Har'a ba hlahlobiloeng ba ipolelang hore ke bareki ba hona joale ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (n = 4260), 51.0% e lumetse ho etsa bonyane teko e le 'ngoe ea ho tlohela ho e sebelisa ntle le phapano khafetsa ea liteko tsena lipakeng tsa banna le basali (p> 0.05 ;? 2 teko). 72.2% ea ba lekang ho tlohela ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba bonts'itse boiphihlelo ba bonyane ts'ebetso e amanang le eona, mme tse hlokometsoeng khafetsa li kenyelletsa litoro tse litšila (53.5%), ho teneha (26.4%), pherekano ea tlhokomelo (26.0%), le kutloisiso ea bolutu (22.2%) (Tafole 2).

Ba bangata ba barupeluoa ba ne ba lumela hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke taba ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba:

Thutong ea hona joale, hangata liithuti tse entsoeng lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka ba le phello e mpe litabeng tsa likamano tsa batho, bophelo bo botle ba kelello, liketso tsa thobalano, 'me li ka ama tsoelo-pele ea kelello nakong ea bongoaneng le bocha. Ho sa tsotellehe sena, ba bangata ba bona ha baa ka ba tšehetsa tlhoko leha e le efe ea lithibelo tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse fihlang ....

Ho tsitlella taba ea hore maemo a teng pele ho moo ke taba ea sebele, eseng ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, thuto e fumane hore litšobotsi tsa botho li sa amana le liphello:

Ka mekhelo e meng, ha ho na litšobotsi tsa botho, tse neng li itlaleha holima thuputsong ena, ho khetholla mekhahlelo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphuputso tsena li tšehetsa khopolo ea hore ho fihlella le ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hona joale ho na le litaba tse pharaletseng haholo ho hlakisa litšoaneleho tse itseng tsa kelello tsa basebelisi ba eona. Leha ho le joalo, ho ile ha etsoa ntho e thahasellisang mabapi le bareki ba ileng ba tlaleha hore ho hlokahala hore ba shebe litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse ntseng li eketseha. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe, ho sebelisoa hangata ka boitsebiso bo hlakileng ho ka 'na ha amahanngoa le ho lahleheloa ke maikutlo ho lebisang tlhoko ea ho sheba lintho tse feteletseng tsa ho kopanela liphatel.

Ena ke e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa pele tsa ho botsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka kotloloho mabapi le ho eketseha ha sekhahla: Mesebetsi ea ho kopanela liphate ka Inthaneteng: Ho ithuta ka ho hlahloba mathata le ho se sebetsane le mekhoa e sebelisoang ho batho ba bang (2016). Phuputso e tlaleha ho eketseha ha maemo, kaha 49% ea banna bao e tlalehile ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa tseo pele li neng li nahana hore ke tse nyonyehang. Tlhaloso:

Ba etsang liphesente tse mashome a robong a metso e robong ba buile ka bonyane ka linako tse ling ba batla litaba tsa thobalano kapa ba ameha ho li-OSA tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa hore li nka ho nyonyeha.

Mohlala oa Taolo ea Bobeli: Karolo ea ho Thibela ho Kopanela Liphate le Ho Nyahama Thobalanong ea Thobalano Le Boitšoaro, 2007. University Press Indiana, Editor: Erick Janssen, pp.197-222. Nakong ea liteko tse sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (tsa mofuta o sebelisitsoeng litsing tse fetileng), 50% ea bahlankana ba ne ba sitoa ho tsosoa kapa ho finyelloa liphallelo tse nang le litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro (lilemo tse tloaelehileng e ne e le 29). Bafuputsi ba tsositseng ba fumana hore ho se sebetse ha banna ho erectile ho ne ho le joalo,

tse amanang le maemo a phahameng a ho hlahella le ho ba le phihlelo ka lintho tse hlalosang thobalano.

Banna ba nang le ho se sebetse ha eretile ba ne ba qetile nako e ngata ba le libakeng tsa matloana le matlong a ho jela moo ho kopanela liphate "ho neng ho le hohle" le "ho bapala ka ho sa feleng." Bafuputsi ba itse:

Lipuisano le lihlooho li ile tsa matlafatsa khopolo ea rona hore ho ba bang ba bona ba bangata ba bona hore ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ea maikutlo ho bonahala eka ho entse hore ho be le boikarabelo bo tlase ba "vanilla" le ho ba le tlhoko e eketsehileng ea ho fetoha le ho fetoha, maemong a mang ho kopane le tlhokahalo e tobileng haholo mefuta ea ts'oaetso e le hore e tsohe.

Phuputso ea morao tjena e bua ka potso ea ho mamella: Likarolo tsa ho se tsotelle le likarolo tse amanang le tsona li khetholla pakeng tsa ho ithabisa le ho sa sebelisoe ka molao ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete (2019) - Excerpt:

Sephetho se seng se thahasellisang ke hore boholo ba phello ea nako ea liteko ka morao ho metsotso ka metsotso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ha ho bapisoa le basebelisi ba [ba nang le bothata] ba sa sebelisoang ka molao ba sebelisang boithabiso, ba ne ba phahame [ho ba sebelisang mathata] ha ba bapisoa le makhetlo a beke. Sena se ka 'na sa bontša hore batho ba nang le IP e sa laoloang ke molao [litšoantšo tsa bootsoa] ba sebelisa haholo-holo mathata a ho khaotsa ho shebella IP nakong ea thupelo kapa ba hloka nako e telele ho finyella moputso o lakatsehang, o ka bapisoang le mofuta oa mamello ha mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi.

Ho thoe'ng ka thuto ea longitudinal? Ho ipapisa le thepa ea ho kopanela liphate ka inthaneteng nakong ea bocha le ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea thobalano (2018)- Abstract:

Thuto ea hona joale e ikemiselitse ho hlahloba lihlahisoa tse hlalosang thobalano ho Internet le mohlomong ho ka ba le phello e mpe ea maikutlo tabeng ea ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ka nako. Moqapi oa ho ithuta o ne o le longitudinal; boitsebiso bo bokelitsoe maqhubu a 3 likhoeli tse ling tsa 6 tse qalang ho 2012. Mohlala ona o kenyelelitse ba arabelang ba 1134 (banana, 58.8%; ba bolela lilemo, 13.84 ± 1.94 lilemo) likolo tsa 55.
Liphello li bontšitse hore ba arabelitsoeng ba fetohile maikutlo a bona ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka Inthaneteng ka nako ho itšetlehile ka lilemo, maqhubu a ho pepeseha le hore na ho pepeseha ho ne ho etsoa ka boomo. Ba ile ba e-ba le takatso e matla ka ho se tšoenyehe ho hang ka thobalano. Liphetho li ka 'na tsa bontša ho tloaeleha ha lintho tse hlalosang thobalano ho Internet nakong ea bocha.

Thuto e 'ngoe ea adolecnt: Phello ea Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa lilemong tsa Bacha ba Junior ba Pontianak ka 2008 (2009) - Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Malaysia li sebelisa thuto ho baithuti ba phahameng ba banyane. E ikhethile ka hore ke ona feela boithuto ba ho tlaleha keketseho ea lintho tse fetelletseng, ho hloka boithati (mamello), le bokhoba ba thobalano ho bacha. (Ke eona feela thuto e botsang bacha lipotso tsena.)

Bonyane ba 83.3% ba bacha ba kenang sekolo se phahameng sekolong sa Pontianak ba pepese litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, le ho pepeseha ba bangata ba nang le 79.5% liphello tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Bacha ba nang le liphello tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho feta 19.8% ba ne ba le boemong ba tahi, [bacha ba lemaletseng] 69.2% ba boemong ba ho nyoloha ha maemo, [har'a ba ileng ba phahama] 61.1% ke sethaleng sa ts'oaetso, har'a bona ea ileng a tlaleha lesensitization] 31.8% e ne e le sethaleng sa ketsahalo.

Ho thoe'ng ka thuto ea ho hlahloba boko? B pula e sebetsang le e sebetsang ho kopana le kamano le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng (Kühn le Gallinat, 2014). Phuputso ena ea Max Planck Institute fMRI e fumane taba e nyane haholo tsamaisong ea moputso (dorsal striatum) e tsamaellanang le palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse jeoang. E boetse e fumane hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li tsamaisana le moputso o fokolang oa ts'ebetso ea potoloho ha o ntse o shebile lifoto tsa thobalano hakhutšoanyane. Bafuputsi ba ile ba nahana hore liphuputso tsa bona li bonts'a ho hloka boithati, mohlomong le mamello, e leng tlhoko ea ts'usumetso e kholo ho fihlela boemo bo ts'oanang ba tsoho. Sengoli se etelletseng pele Simone Kühn o itse se latelang mabapi le thuto ea hae:

Sena se ka bolela hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e senya tsamaiso ea moputso. ... Ka hona re nahana hore lihlooho tse nang le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li hloka tšusumetso e matla ka ho fetisisa ho finyella tekanyo e le ' .... Sena se lumellana le liphuputso tse amanang le ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetsong ea libaka tse ling tsa boko: ho sebelisoa ha litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho fumanoe ho amana le puisano e fokolang pakeng tsa sebaka sa moputso le prefrontal cortex.

Thuto e 'ngoe ea ho hlahloba boko Mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, boemo bo botle le ho ela hloko lithahasello tsa thobalano (2015). Cambridge University fMRI tlhahlobo ea tlaleho ea tlaleho e kholo ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ho ba sebelisang boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba bootsoa. Tlhaloso:

Litlhahiso tse hlakileng tsa marang-rang li ngata ebile li atoloha, 'me tšobotsi ena e ka khothalletsa ho eketseha ha ts'ebeliso ho batho ba bang. Mohlala, banna ba phetseng hantle ba shebang filimi e ts'oanang e hlakileng ba fumanoe ba tloaetse ho susumetsa 'me ba fumana tšusumetso e hlakileng joalo ka ha e tsoha butle-butle ka thobalano, e se na takatso ea lijo ebile e sa monya (Koukounas le Over, 2000). … Re bonts'a ka liteko tse bonoang tleliniking hore Boitšoaro bo Qobellang ba Thobalano bo khetholloa ka ho batla lintho tse ncha, ho ba maemong le tloaelo ea ho etsa thobalano ho banna..

Ho tsoa tokomaneng e amanang le eona:

Ts'ebetso ena e tloaelehileng e etsahala ho banna ba phetseng hantle ba bontšoang khafetsa video e le 'ngoe ea bootsoa. Empa ha ba sheba video e ncha, boemo ba thahasello le ho tsosoa bo khutlela moemong oa pele. Sena se bolela hore, ho thibela tloaelo, motho ea lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate o tla hloka ho fumana litšoantšo tse ncha khafetsa. Ka mantsoe a mang, tloaelo e ka etsa hore ho batloe litšoantšo tse ncha.
"Lintho tseo re li fumaneng li bohlokoa haholo tabeng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng," a phaella ka Dr. Voon. "Ha ho hlake hore na ke eng e bakang bokhoba ba thobalano pele mme ho ka etsahala hore batho ba bang ba tloaetse ho lemalla joala ho feta ba bang, empa phepelo e sa feleng ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano tse fumanehang inthaneteng li thusa ho fepa bokhoba ba bona, bo e etsa hore e eketsehe le ho feta. ho ba thata ho baleha."

Ho thoe'ng ka thuto ea EEG ea Eile ea Nicole Prause, eo ka boeona e fumaneng tloaelo? Ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo a nako e khutšoanyane Mokhoa o nepahetseng oa bokhoni ba litšoantšo ka ho kopanela liphate ka bothata ba bothata ba botona le botšehali ka bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi " (Prause et al., 2015). Ha li bapisoa le litsamaiso "batho ba nang le mathata a laolang ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa" ba ne ba e-na le likarabo tse fokolang tsa bokooa ka nako e le 'ngoe ho lifoto tsa vanilla tsa bootsoa. The mongoli oa pele e bolela liphello tsena "ho etsa hore ho be le lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro bo hlephileng." Ha e le hantle, ke setsebi sa molao se tummeng se neng se tla bolela hore thuto ea bona e se nang boits'oaro e entse qeto ea tšimo e tsitsitseng ea thuto?

Ha e le hantle, liphuputso tsa Prause et al. 2015 lumellana ka ho phethahetseng le Kühn & GallinaT (2014), e fumaneng hore litšoantšo tse ling tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li tsamaisana le ho sebetsa ha boko bo fokolang ho latela litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa vanilla. The Prause et al. Liphuputso li boetse li lumellana le Banca et al. 2015, e leng tlaleho ea hore litlaleho tse tlaase tsa EEG li bolela hore litaba li ne li sa ele hloko litšoantšo ho feta litaelo. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ne ba lahleheloa ke litšoantšo tse tsitsitseng tsa vanilla ea bootsoa. Ba ne ba halefile (ba tloaetse kapa ba sa ratehe). Litokomane tse robeli tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka lia lumellana hore Prause et al. 2015 e hlile e fumane ts'oaetso / tloaelo ho batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (e tsitsitseng le ho lemala).

Mona ke thuto e 'ngoe e tlalehileng ka bobeli mamello le ho tlohela (lintho tse peli tsa Prause Lancet karolo e boletsoeng ka bohata hore ha ho na thuto ea bootsoa e tlalehileng):Tsoelo-pele ea Bothata ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Boitsebiso bo Bobebe (PPCS) (2017). Leqephe lena le ile la hlahisa le ho hlahloba bothata bo botle ba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bo neng bo etsisoa ka mor'a lipotso tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Potso ena ea 18-ntlha e hlahlobisitsoe ho mamellana le ho tlosoa ka lipotso tse latelang tsa 6:

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Potso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e fumanoa ho tloha ho ea ho ea ho ea bosupa ka Likert: 1- Ha ho mohla, 2- Hangata, 3- Ka linako tse ling, 4- Ka linako tse ling, 5- Hangata, 6-Hangata, 7- Nako eohle. Setšoantšo se ka tlase se aroletse basebelisi ba litšoantšo ho ba likarolo tsa 3 ho latela likarolo tsa bona kaofela: "Ha ho na tšoaetso," "Kotsing e tlaase," le "Kotsing." Litholoana tse latelang li bontša hore basebelisi ba bangata ba litšoantšo ba nang le mamello le boithuto.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, thuto ena e hlile e botsa ka ho eketseha ha maemo (ho mamellana) le ho tlohela - 'me ka bobeli li tlalehoa ke basebelisi ba bang ba litšoantšo.

Ho thoe'ng ka thuto ho banna ba nang le litlokotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate? Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li bakile ho se sebetse ha Erectile Har'a Batho ba Bacha (2019)- Thuto e senola ho mamella (ho fokotseha ho tsosoa) le ho eketseha (ho hloka boitsebiso bo feteletseng ho tsosoa) litabeng tse joalo. Ho tsoa ho se hlalosang:

Leqephe lena le hlahloba ts'ebetso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li entse hore erectile e se sebetse hantle (PIED), e bolelang mathata a ho kopanela liphate ho banna ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ditaba tsa boemeli ho banna ba nang le bothata bona bo se bo bokelitsoe .... ba tlaleha hore kenyelletso ea pele ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (hangata nakong ea bocha) e lateloa ke ho sebelisoa letsatsi le leng le le leng ho fihlela ntlha e fihla moo ho nang le lintho tse feteletseng (ho akarelletsa, mohlala, likarolo tsa pefo) tse hlokahalang ho boloka ho tsosoa.
Nako e boima ea ho kopanela liphate e kopanngoa le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tse potlakileng le tse potlakileng, tse etsang hore motho a kopanele boitšoarong bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate a se ke a thaba. Sena se fella ka ho se khone ho boloka mohoeletsi le molekane oa sebele, nakong eo banna ba qalang ho ts'oaroa, ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Sena se thusitse banna ba bang ho boela ba khona ho finyella le ho boloka erection.

Kaha ke se ke hlokometse boitsebiso, ke hlokometse mekhabiso e meng le lihlooho tse phetoang, ho latela tlaleho ea liketsahalo ho lipuisano tsohle. Tsena ke: Selelekela. E 'ngoe e qala ho tsejoa ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, hangata pele ho bocha. Ho haha mokhoa. E mong o qala ho ja litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kamehla. Phaello. E mong o fetohela mefuta e meng e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, e nang le boitsebiso bo bohlale, e le hore a finyelle liphello tse tšoanang tse fetileng tse fumanoang ka mefuta e fokolang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.. Ho phethahala. E mong o lemoha mathata a ho kopanela liphate a nahanoang hore a bakiloe ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. "Re-boot" tshebetso. E mong o leka ho laola litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho li sebelisa kapa ho li tlosa ka ho feletseng e le hore a tsosolose ho kopanela liphate.

Nka fana ka Liphuputso tse ling tsa 35 ho tlaleha kapa ho fana ka maikutlo a ho tloaela "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" hammoho le ho nyoloha ho ea mefuteng e feteletseng le e sa tloaelehang, empa tsena li lekane ho senola khetho ea Cherry e sa tsejoeng. Ka mantsoe a bona a mabeli:

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Landripet, Busko, & Štulhofer (2019).Ho leka tlhahiso-pele ea ho tsoelapele ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele: Tlhaloso ea nako e telele ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa le khetho ea ho qobelloa le ho hlekefetsoa har'a banna ba lilemong tsa bocha. Patlisiso ea Saense ea Sechaba. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Setho sa Alliance, Alexander Štulhofer. Joalo ka lithuto tsa pejana, Štulhofer o beha mehlala ea hae ho baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Croatia (ba lilemo li 16; basali ba 58%). Ho nyoloha hangata ho nka lilemo ho bonahala, ka hona baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng ha se khetho e totobetseng ea lithuto kamoo ba leng kateng (mohlomong) qalong ea mesebetsi ea bona ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Ntlha ea bobeli, thuto e fokolloa ke tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso ka ho toba ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tseo mocha a li nkang e le "ho qobella" kapa "ho utloisa bohloko". bang, bukake, MILF, basali, ho robala le liphoofolo, u e reha lebitso).

Hona ho qobelloa le ho opeloa ho utloisisoa ka nepo hakae, kaha livideo tsa video tse thata li ama maikutlo a bacha mabapi le "thobalano ea 'nete"? Tlhahlobo ea 2019 (Ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka lense ea litokelo tsa bana) o araba ka potso ena:

Patlisiso e fana ka maikutlo a hore ba hlahisang mathata a ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba bonts'a khetho e matla ho feta litšoantšo tse laoloang hantle, hape le tloaelo e potlakileng ea litšoantšo, e leng eona e ka eketsang drive ea litšoantšo tse ngata tsa lipale (Barron le Kimmel, 2000).
Sena se ka hlalosa tloaelo e tlalehiloeng mabapi le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse fetelletseng, tse ka kenyelletsang pefo, ho bipetsa, ho otla, ho hula moriri, ho kenella ka mabifi ke banna ba bangata, ho qhekella, ho qobella, taolo ea banna, liketso tse sa lumellaneng, boikokobetso ba basali, tabatabelo ea basali le boikemisetso, nyenyefatso le ho bitsa mabitso, ho ntsha sefahleho sa motho e motshehadi, thobalano ya setho sa botona le botšehali, balekane ba bangata, botlamuoeng, khatello, ho hlonama, masochism, khethollo ea morabe, ho ntša metsi, ho its'oara, ho robala le phoofolo, ho betoa, le litšoantšo tsa tlhekefetso ea bana (tse tsejoang haholo e le "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bana"), kajeno e etsa liperesente tse ka bang 20 tsa indasteri ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Foley, 2006; Gorman, Monk-Turner, & Fish, 2010; "Kotsi e etsetsoang bana ba Australia," 2016; Hamilton-Giachritsis, Hanson, Whittle, & Beech, 2017).
Ho joalo, phuputso e 'ngoe e nang le likhang e fumane hore liperesente tsa 88 tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li kenyelletsa liketso tsa pefo (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010; Foubert, Brosi, & Bannon, 2011), ha ba bang ba e beha ka liperesente tse tlase haholo (McKee , 2005). McKee o fihla karolong e tlaase haholo ea liphesente tse peli ka ho tlohela pefo eohle e nkoang e le boikokobetso, empa tabeng ea bana ba shebellang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, ba ka 'na ba se ke ba utloisisa phapang pakeng tsa pefo ea boipelaetso le tlhekefetso ea batho bao e seng makhoba' me ha ho na bopaki ba hore pele ha e na tšusumetso e fokolang ho feta ea ho qetela ho moetsi oa bana. Ho sa tsotelehe hore na ke mola ofe oa lipatlisiso o nepahetseng, hoo e ka bang pefo eohle e teng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa kajeno e lebisitsoe ho basali (Barron & Kimmel, 2000, leq. 164; Hamilton-Giachritsis, et al., 2017).

Ntlha ea boraro, thuto ha ea ka ea botsa liithuti ka kotloloho hore na tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e se e nyolohetse ka mefuta ea mofuta ofe eo ba neng ba nahana hore e feteletse kapa ha e lumellane le litakatso tsa bona tsa thobalano. Ka hona, thuto ea Štulhofer e ne e ke ke ea hlahloba ka ho nepahetseng ho mamella kapa ho eketseha.

Ha e le hantle, liphuputso tsa Štulhofer (tse sa hlahisoeng ke tse sa hlahang, empa li kenyelelitsoe pampiring) li amahanya ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse phahameng ho sheba motho e moholoanyane tse fapa-fapaneng ea mefuta e litšila ea bootsoa:

Ho thahasellisang ke hore tlhahlobo ea rona e bontšitse mokhatlo o moholo pakeng tsa palo ea mantlha ea bootsoa ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa ho theoha ho honyenyane ho khethollo ea ho qobella kapa ho ba mabifi ka nako. Le hoja sena se fumanoa ha se tšehetse kapa ha se fokolise CPT, e fana ka maikutlo a hore litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso tse litšila tse amanang le litšoantšo tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li kopantsoe le lihlooho tse fapaneng (ke hore, thahasello e fapaneng haholo) nakong ea bocha. Sena se ka ba sa bohlokoa bakeng sa matla a latelang a litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, 'me e lokela ho batlisisoa hape.

Phetolelo: tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo e amana le bacha ba batlang libuka le litšoantšo tse sa tloaelehang tsa bootsoa. Sena ha se makatse ha e le basebelisi ba sa tloaelehang ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata ba hlalosa ho eketseha ha lipapali tsa bona tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e nkang mofuta oa nako e kholo ho shebella kapa ho batla mefuta e mecha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mefuta e mecha e ferekanyang, ho makatsa, tlōlo ea litebello kapa esita le ho tšoenyeha ho ka eketsa ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano, 'me ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo ba bobebe bao karabelo ea bona e ntseng e nyoloha ka lebaka la ho feteletseng, ts'ebetso ena e tloaelehile haholo.

Shor, E., & Seida, K. (2019)."Ho thata le ho feta"? Na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ke tsona tse ntseng li le mabifi 'me batho ba shebellang ba khetha lintho tse mabifi ?. Journal of Sex Research, 56 (1), 16-28. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Phuputso ena ha ea ka ea hlahloba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo litabeng tsa mofuta leha e le ofe e le hore e se ke ea re bolella letho ka ho mamellana kapa ho eketseha. Kapa kakaretso ea Alliance ha e nepahale. Leqephe lena ke teko e khelosang, e se nang boikarabello ea ho loantša mabotla a 2010 Ana ka ho hlekefetsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ("Tlhekefetso le boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate ka ho fetisisa ho rekisa livideo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa"), E fumaneng hore 88% ea lifiliming tsa bootsoa tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa li bontša ho hlekefetsoa ho basali.

Leha ho le joalo, Shor & Seida 2019 ha e bapisoe le thuto ea Bridges, e khethileng livideo tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa. Thuto ena e ncha e ke ke ea re bolella letho ka mekhoa ea tlhekefetso ho livideo tse ratoang haholo pakeng tsa 2008-2016, joalokaha e bolela hore e etsa. Hobane'ng? Hobane thuto ha ea hlahloba livideo tse thehiloeng ho batho feelay, kaha sena se tsoa ho "Sample le Data Section" e senola:

Leano la rona la pele la litekanyetso, re ne re batla ho eketsa litšoantšetso ho basali le banna ba tsoang merabe le merabe e mengata. Ka lebaka leo, re ile ra sebelisa mokhoa o hloekileng oa ho etsa mohlala, ho kopanyelletsa le sekhetho sa pele sa livideo tse shebelitsoeng ka ho fetisisa likarolong tse latelang tsa PornHub: "Tsohle" (livideo tsa 70), "Interracial" (25 video), "Ebony" (52 video), "Asia / Japanese" (35 videos), "Latina" (19 video), le "Gay" (livideo tsa 25)

Ho khetha livideo ka mekhahlelo e khethiloeng, ha e tlohela likarolo tse ling tse ngata (mohlomong ho na le makholo a lihlopha), mekhoa ea boipheliso bafuputsi ba ile ba etsa joalo eseng khetha livideo tse ratoang haholo ka maikutlo.

E mpefala. Ka "mefuta e tsitsitseng ea ho hlahloba ho tsebahala ha video" karolo eo bafuputsi ba reng ba e kenyelitse livideo tse 'maloa tse sa fetoheng tse nang le maikutlo a mangata tse seng kae maikutlo:

Mohlala oa rona oa pele o ne o kenyelletsa li-video tse shebelitsoeng ka ho fetisisa, tse lebisang ho hantogeneity e batlang e le tlaase ka tekanyo ena. Ka hona re kentse sampula e meng e sa tloaelehang ea livideo tse fuoeng maikutlo a seng makae. Ka hona sampuli ea ho qetela e na le livideo tse sa tšoaneng, ho tloha ka lipono tsa 11,000 ho feta pono ea limilione tsa 116.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, bafuputsi ba bonahala eka ba bolokile leoto le lekaneng ho fihlela ba hlahisa mokhoa oo ba neng ba o batla. Leqephe lena le shebahala eka le leka ho fetisa mashano ho feta ho ba le litsebi tse tebileng. Haeba e ne e hlahlojoe ke litsebi tse hloahloa tsa lithuto, mosebetsi o joalo o neng o le bonolo, o ne o ke ke oa hlola o hlahlojoa ke lithaka.

Maikutlo a rona a hore mosebetsi oa bona o leeme ebile ha o lumellane le saense o matlafatsoa ke lipolelo tse sa tšehetsoeng tseo bangoli ba pampiri ba li entseng ho baqolotsi ba litaba ba ka sehloohong. Bafuputsi ba ile ba fana ka maikutlo a hore liphetho tsa bona tse hlahisitsoeng ka bokhabane ha li a ka tsa paka feela hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ne li se li le mabifi (ho fofa ka sefahleho sa ak'haonte e ngoe le e ngoe kae kapa kae), empa hore liphetho tsena le tsona li ile tsa hanana le "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" - mohlomong bo ipapisitse le ho se kholisehe ha bona. ba bolela hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fetoha "bonolo". Balderdash. Ka tlase ke lithuto tse 'maloa tse hanyetsanang le lipolelo tsa bohata tsa thuto ena (ka tatellano ea liketsahalo):

Tšebelisano le ho se lekane ho X-Rated Videocassettes (1988) - Excerpt:

Basali ba 'nile ba ameha ka ho nyenyefatsoa ha basali ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate. Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho lekanyetsa boholo ba taolo le ho se lekane ka thobalano ho x-likoti tsa lik'hasete tsa video ka tlhahlobo ea content ea 45 e fumanehang ka bongata ka lik'hasetekete tsa video. Mohlala o ne o le joalo ho tloha lethathamong la li-movie tsa khale tsa 121 tsa lifilimi tse fumanehang haholo ka lelapa la lik'hasete tsa video tse hirisoang ka boroa California. Likarolo tse fetang halofo tsa lipapali tsa thobalano li ne li ngotsoe, haholo-holo tse amanang le taolo kapa tlhekefetso. Boholo ba taolo le tlhekefetso e ne e laoloa ke banna ho basali. Lipontšo tse tobileng tsa ho busa le ho se lekane ka thobalano, ho akarelletsa le pefo ea 'mele, li etsahetse khafetsa. Khōlo ea indasteri ea khiriso ea lik'hamera tsa video le ho tsebahala ha lifilimi tse bontšitsoeng ka x-rated, hammoho le melaetsa ena lifilimi li fetisa, ke sesosa sa ho tšoenyeha.

Pefo le nyenyefatso joalo ka lihlooho tse ho livideo tsa "batho ba baholo" (1991) - Excerpt:

Lik'hasete tsa `` video '' li fetohile mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Tlhahlobo e 'ngoe ea litaba tse fetileng e ile ea hlahloba ho ata ha pefo livideo tse joalo. Khomishene ea 'Muelli oa Kakaretso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa (1986) e boletse hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse bontšang boitšoaro bo hlephileng li hlahisa kotsi e ts'oanang le ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse mabifi. Tlhatlhobo ea litaba tsa sampole ea 10% e sa reroang (n = 50) ea livideo tse bontšitsoeng karolong ea "batho ba baholo" lebenkeleng la livideo e bontšitse hore liperesente tse 13.6% tsa livideo li na le liketso tse mabifi mme 18.2% e na le liketso tse nyonyehang..

Khethollo le ho kopanela liphate litšoantšong tsa bootsoa tsa merabe (1994) - Excerpt:

Khethollo ea bochaba le ho kopanela liphate li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka lik'hasete tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa batho ba merabe e meholo (ea batsho / ba basoeu). Ho kopanela liphate ho ile ha bontšoa ka tlhekefetso ea unidirectional ea banna ho basali. Khethollo ea merabe e ile ea bontšoa ka boemo bo tlase ba batšoantšisi ba batšo le ho ba teng ha merabe ea merabe. Khethollo ea morabe e bonahala e fapane ka tsela e fapaneng ka thobalano, 'me ho kopanela liphate ho fapane ho fapaneng le morabe. Ka mohlala, Basali ba batšo e ne e le sepheo sa liketso tse mabifi ho feta basali ba White, 'me banna ba batšo ba ne ba e-na le mekhoa e seng mekae e haufi-ufi ho feta banna ba White. Ho ba le tlhekefetso e eketsehileng e fumanoe likamanong tsa thobalano ho fapana ho ea ka likamano tse tšoanang tsa thobalano. Liphuputso tsena li bontša hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ke tsa merabe hammoho le tsa thobalano.

Pefo ea thobalano litšoantšong tse tharo tsa bootsoa: Ho latela tlhaloso ea lipolotiki (2000) - Excerpt:

Phuputso ena e lekanya liketso tse mabifi tsa ho kopanela liphate makasineng, video le Usenet (litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng). Ka ho khetheha, boemo ba pefo, palo ea tlhekefetso ea boipheliso le ea boipheliso, le tekano ea bobeli le bahlaseli ba bapisoa. A keketseho e tsitsitseng palo ea pefo e tsoang ho e 'ngoe ho ea ho e latelang e fumanoa, le hoja phaello e pakeng tsa limakasine le livideo ha e na statistically e bohlokoa. Ho feta moo, limakasine le livideo tse peli li bontša pefo joalokaha eka ke tumellano, ha Usenet e bontša e le e sa tloaelehang. Ntlha ea boraro, limakasine li bontša basali hore ke bahlaseli hangata ho feta banna, ha Usenet e fapana ka ho hlaka 'me e bontša banna e le bahlorisi hangata.

Li-Websaete tsa Batho ba baholo ba Inthaneteng ba mahala (2010) - Excerpt:

Russell (Likamano tse kotsi: Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho nyala le ho beta, 1988) o ile a bolela hore likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ke ho kenyelletsa basali ba fetang bofeela ba banna le ho bonts'a banna mesebetsing e hlahelletseng. Ho sebelisoa sampole ea libaka tsa marang-rang tsa batho ba baholo ba 45, tlhahlobo ea litaba e ile ea etsoa ho bona hore na livideo tsa batho ba baholo tse fumanehang mahala le tse fumanehang habonolo li ka hlalosoa e le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho latela mosebetsi oa Russell (1988)… Ho feta halofo ea livideo ho sampuli ea rona (55% ea livideo tsohle tse nang le baetsi ba babeli ba teng) e ne e le menyetla e mengata ea ho bontša basali ba hlobotseng ho feta banna le 55% ea livideo tsohle li na le sehlooho se seholo sa ts'ebetso kapa ts'ebetso moo moemeli oa banna a neng a fetisetsoa ho ba laola. Ka hona, boholo ba livideo tsa mahala tsa inthanete ka mohlala oa rona ka kakaretso li ka hlalosoa e le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tumellanong le mosebetsi oa Russell [34].

Boikhohomoso le boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate ka ho fetisisa ho rekisa livideo tsa bootsoa: tlhahiso ea tlhahlobo ea litaba (2010) - Excerpt:

Phuputso ena ea morao-rao e hlahloba lintho tsa livideo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka sepheo sa ho ntlafatsa litšoantšo tsa khatello, ho senyeha le litloaelo tsa thobalano le ho bapisa liphello tsa thuto ho liphuputso tsa tlhahlobo tsa litaba tsa pele. Liphuputso li bontša mekhoa e mengata ea tlhekefetso litšoantšong tsa bootsoa maemong a mabeli le a 'mele. Har'a lipapali tsa 304 li hlahlojoa, 88.2% e ne e e-na le mabifi, ka ho khetheha e otla, e qhoqha le ho otla, ha 48.7% ea lipapali e ne e e-na le mabifi a mantsoe, haholo-holo ho letsetsoa. Batho ba neng ba hlekefetsa hangata e ne e le banna, athe merero ea bohale e ne e le basali ba feteletseng. Maikemisetso a ne a atisa ho bontša thabo kapa ho nka khato ka ho se nke lehlakore.

Tekano (In) ho lekanngoa litabeng tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng: Tlhahlobo ea Lintho tsa Popular Pornographic Internet Videos (2015) - Excerpt:

Le hoja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng li atile haholo 'me bafuputsi ba se ba qalile ho batlisisa liphello tsa bona, re ntse re sa tsebe hakaalo ka litaba tsa eona. Sena se hlahisitse lipolelo tse fapaneng mabapi le hore na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li tšoantšetsa botona kapa botšehali (ka) ho lekanngoa le hore na papiso ena e fapana pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Re ile ra etsa tlhahlobo ea litaba tsa litekanyo tse tharo tse kholo tsa tekano (ka) ho lekanngoa (e leng, ho hanyetsa, matla le pefo) ka 400 litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa Inthanete tsa Liwebsaete tse bontšang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo.
Morero o ne o bontšoa hangata bakeng sa basali ka mokhoa o sebelisoang, empa banna ba ne ba atisa ho sebetsana ka katleho le tšilafalo. Mabapi le matla, banna le basali ba ne ba sa tšoane le maemo a sechaba kapa a setsebi, empa banna ba ne ba atisa ho bontšoa e le ba boholong le basali ba ikokobelitseng nakong ea mesebetsi ea thobalano.

Ke lintho life tse thahasellisang tse etsang bacha ba Australia ba shebanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Thuto ea sekolo-sekolo (2018) - Excerpt:

Phuputso ena e ile ea batlisisa khafetsa hore sehlopha sa bacha ba Australia ba lilemo li 15 ho isa ho 29 ba bone boitšoaro bo fapaneng bo bontšitsoeng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa nakong ea likhoeli tse 12 tse fetileng…. Monate oa banna (83%) o bonoe khafetsa ke karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea bacha ba hlahlobiloeng, e lateloa ke monna ea hlahisoang e le ea hlaheletseng (70%). Basali ba ne ba na le monyetla oa ho tlaleha khafetsa ba bona pefo ho mosali.

Lilemo, Boikhohomoso le Thabo Litšoantšong Tse Ikhethang Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa (2019) - Excerpt:

Sehlooho sena se hlahloba litaba tsa livideo tse tsebahalang tsa 172 ho PornHub.com. Le hoja ke sa fumane phapang pakeng tsa maemo a mabifi ho livideo tse nang le libapali tsa bacha le ba bapalang batho ba baholo, ba pele ba ne ba e-na le tlotla e bontšang tlhekefetso le ho kenyelletsa ho kena ka hare ho ponahalo le ho khanya ha sefahleho. Holim'a moo, le hoja bohle ba sebetsang basali e ne e le menyetla e mengata ea ho ithabisa ka mor'a liketso tse mabifi, mokhatlo ona o ne o le matla haholo ho livideo tse nang le lipapali tsa bacha. Li-livideo tsena li bonts'a liketso tse mabifi le ho senyeha ha bobeli ka bobeli-e leng banna ba laolang basali ba ikemiselitseng-le mekhoa ea nama- ke ho hlahisa thabo ho banna le basali.

Karolo ea Litšoantšo

Moelelo / Boemo: Karolo ena ea Alliance ha e na litlhaloso tsa lingoliloeng kapa litlhahlobo tsa meta. Ho e-na le hoo, e na le thuto ea boinotšing ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, le it e tlalehile feela phello e sa tobang. Ebile, ho senyeha ho hoholo ha lithuto ho hokahanya ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le setšoantšo se fosahetseng sa 'mele, khanyetso e kholo le ho se khotsofale ho hoholo. Ha re qaleng ka litlhahlobo le litlhahlobo tsa Deniers Alliance e siiloeng:

Mecha ea phatlalatso le ho kopanela liphate: Puso ea Boipheliso ba Puso, 1995-2015 - Excerpt:

Sepheo sa tlhahlobo ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa ho kopanela liphate mecheng ea litaba. Sepheo sa hau e ne e le ho lipatlisiso tse hatisitsoeng litabeng tsa lipuo tsa Senyesemane pakeng tsa 1995 le 2015. Kakaretso ea lingoliloeng tsa 109 tse nang le tsona Liphuputso tsa 135 li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Liphuputso tsena li fane ka bopaki bo tsitsitseng ba hore bohlahlobi ba laboratori le kakaretso ea letsatsi le leng le le leng ho likahare tsena li amahanngoa ka kotloloho le liphello tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le maemo a holimo a ho se khotsofale ha 'mele, ho ikemela ho hoholo, tšehetso e kholo ea litumelo tsa thobalano le litumelo tsa thobalano, le ho mamella ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano ho basali. Ho feta moo, tlhahiso ea liteko ho tsena li lebisa basali le banna ho ba le maikutlo a fokolang a bokhoni ba basali, boitšoaro le botho.

Alliance e boetse e tlohetse tlhahlobo ea meta ea 2017 ea lithuto tse ngata - Maikutlo a basali mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le banna, likamano tsa botona le botšehali, tsa thobalano, le tsa 'mele: ho ea ka mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa.- Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Meta-analysis ena ea pampiri ea lithuto tse ngata tse entsoeng ho fihlela joale li tšehetsa khopolo ea hore basali ba bangata ba amehile hampe ke maikutlo a hore molekane oa bona ke bareki ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphuputso tse kholo li kenyelletsa lithuto tsohle tse fumanehang, ho lemoha balekane ba bang ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho amahanngoa haholo le ho khotsofatsoa ho fokolang, ho kopanela liphate le 'mele. Mokhatlo oa khotsofalo ea boithati o ne o boetse o fosahetse. Liphello li boetse li fana ka maikutlo a hore khotsofalo ea basali e tla fokotseha ka ngollano ka maikutlo a hore balekane ba bona ba senya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata.

Alliance e tlohetse tlhahlobo ena ea 2017 ea lithuto tsa bolelele ba nako - Litloaelano tsa nako e telele pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea boitsebiso ba ho kopanela liphate le boikutlo ba bacha le mekhoa ea bocha: Tlhahlobo ea litlaleho tsa lithuto. - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Liphuputso tse hlalositsoeng li fumane hore tšebeliso ea lintho tse hlalosang thobalano li ka ama mekhoa le litumelo tsa bacha, joalo ka ho ts'oara thobalano (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), ho se ts'oanehe ka thobalano (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), ho hanyetsa thobalano ea basali (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), khotsofalo ea thobalano (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), maikutlo a thobalano le boithabiso (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b) (Brown le L'Engle, 2009) aho hlahloba 'mele (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Mme Alliance e tlohetse tlhahlobo ena ea 2019 ho bacha le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa - Tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa Inthanete tse hlalosang thobalano le liphello tsa bona bophelong bo fokolang ba bacha: bopaki ba morao-rao ba lingoliloeng. - Ho tloha sephiri:

Ho ea ka lipatlisiso tse khethiloeng (n = 19), mokhatlo pakeng tsa ho sebelisoa ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le litsela tse 'maloa tsa boitšoaro, kelello ea maikutlo le sechabeng - bothata ba pele ho thobalano, ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bangata kapa ka linako tse ling, ho etsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali, pono ea 'mele e sa sebetseng, ho hlekefetsa, matšoenyeho kapa matšoenyeho a tepeletseng, ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso - ho netefalitsoe.
Tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng 'meleng oa bana e bonahala e le ea bohlokoa. Taba ena e ke ke ea hlola e hlokomolohuoa 'me e tlameha ho etsoa ke mehato e mengata ea lefatše le e mengata. Ho matlafatsa batsoali, matichere le litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ka mananeo a thuto a lebisang tlhokomelo ea taba ena e tla ba lumella hore ba thuse bana ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea ho nahana ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea eona le ho fumana thuto ea maikutlo le ho kopanela liphate e loketseng haholo litlhoko tsa bona tsa tsoelo-pele.

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Vogels, EA (2018).Boithati: Metsoalle pakeng tsa mecha ea phatlalatso ea thobalano, setšoantšo sa 'mele le ho lemoha hore ke ntho ea sebele. Journal of Sex Research, 1-13. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Thuto e khethiloeng ka khabane le feela phello e sa tobang (ke hore ho sebelisoa lipalo-palo) ho sampuli e sa emeletseng.

Borgogna, NC, Lathan, EC, & Mitchell, A. (2019). Na ho ba le Mathata a Basali Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Ho Sheba Ho Amana le Setšoantšo sa 'Mele kapa Khotsofalo ea Kamano?. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho qobella, 1-22. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhaloso ea Alliance e nepahetse ka mokhoa o fapaneng 'me e tlohela lipatlisiso tsa bohlokoa ("ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, maikutlo a ho sebelisa ka mokhoa o feteletseng, le mathata a ho laola a ne a sa amane le setšoantšo sa 'mele"). Ntlha ea pele, ha ho na likamano pakeng tsa likarolo tse ling tsa bothata ba bootsoa le setšoantšo sa 'mele tse lokelang ho nkoa e le sephetho sa ka ntle. Ea bobeli, Alliance e ile ea tlohela hore likarolo tse ling tsa bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa botona le botšehali li amana le setšoantšo sa mafutsana. Ntho e qaqileng ea thuto:

Liphuputso tse tsoang thutong ena li tšehetsa tlhokahalo ea mehato e thehiloeng ke bopaki ho basali ba nang le bothata ba ho shebella. Haholo-holo, liphuputso tsa rona li bontša hore basali ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho baleha mathata a kelello le a maikutlo ba bona ba boetse ba bonts'a khotsofalo ea setho sa 'mele le kamano.

Ntlha ea boraro, 'me ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, taba e hlakileng ea thuto e boletsoeng ka mokhoa o sa nepahalang e bolela hore hangata ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ha ho amane le kamano ea khotsofalo. Ha e le hantle, ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, le tšebeliso e mpe ea bootsoa, li ne li amana le kamano e futsanehileng ea kamano. Ho tsoa thutong: RAS (#6) = "Khotsofalo ea kamano":

Tlhaloso e tsoang 'meleng oa thuto:

Re ile ra hlahloba ka ho toba likamano pakeng tsa ho shebella palo le ho shebella bothata ho haha setšoantšo sa 'mele le khotsofalo ea kamano ho basali ... .. Hape mabapi le H1, palo ea ho shebella e ne e amahanngoa haholo le kamano ea basali le khotsofalo ka boemo ba bobeli.

Bahlaseli ba ile ba tlohela sena se fumanoeng ka ho fetisisa.

Laan, E., Martoredjo, DK, Hesselink, S., Snijders, N., & van Lunsen, RH (2017). Setšoantšo sa botšehali ba basali ba banyane le litlamorao tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa boka ba tlhaho. Tlaleho ea lingaka tsa mafu a kelello le mafu a basali, 38 (4), 249-255. Khokahano ho web

Tlhahlobo: Tlhaloso e eketsehileng ea theko - kaha thuto ena ha e amane le ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lintlha tse qotsitsoeng phuputsong ena:

Basali ba mashome a mane a metso e meraro ba ne ba bontšoa litšoantšo tsa tlhaho ea tlhaho (N = 29) kapa litšoantšo tsa lintho tse sa jeleng paate (N = 14). Setšoantšo sa botona le botšehali se ne se lekantsoe pele le kamora ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo le libeke tse peli hamorao.
Liphello: Boholo ba litho tsa sehlopha li ne li ikutloa ka botlalo ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bona. Kaha li ne li pepesitsoe litšoantšo tsa li-vulvas tsa tlhaho li ile tsa etsa hore motho a ikutloe a le mothating oa ho kopanela liphate, ho sa tsotellehe maemo a thobalano, khatello ea thobalano, ho itšepa le ho tšoenyeha ka tšobotsi. Bakeng sa basali ba neng ba bone litšoantšo tsa li-vulva, phello e ntle ho boithati ba setho sa botona le botšehali e ne e ntse e le teng kamora libeke tse peli.

Litaba tsa litaba: U ka ithuta anatomy ntle le ho etela Pornhub.

Ho pepesa khetho ea Cherry e se nang boikarabello ea Alliance re fana ka lithuto tse ngata tse hokahanyang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boits'oaro bo bobe le ho se khotsofale 'meleng, tseo ba li tlohetseng ka boomo:

Phello ea ho fokotseha ha banna ho bahlankana ba bacha ba nang le maikutlo a phahameng a ho kopanela liphate (1984) - Excerpt:

Ka mor'a ho pepesa basali ba batle, boleng ba sethoathoa ba banyalani bo ile ba oa haholo ka tlaase ho liteko tse entsoeng ka mor'a ho pepesa basali ba sa rateheng; boleng bona bo ne bo nka boemo bo bohareng ka mor'a hore ho be le taolo ea taolo.

Tšusumetso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Litabeng Tsa ho Khotsofatsa Thobalano (1988) - Excerpt:

Liithuti tsa banna le basali le batho ba sa lumeleng li ile tsa pepeseha lipapali tsa video tse nang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng tse sa tloaelehang kapa litšoantšo tse se nang molato. Pontšo e ne e le mananeo a hora ka libeke tse tšeletseng tse latellanang. Ka bekeng ea bosupa, lihlopha li ile tsa kenya letsoho thutong e sa amaneng le lits'ebeletso tsa batho le litlhokofatso tsa botho. [Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa] li ile tsa ama matla a ho itlhahloba ka phihlelo ea thobalano. Ka mor'a ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, bafo ba tlaleha hore ha ba khotsofale haholo le balekane ba bona ba haufi-ufi, haholo-holo, lerato la bona, ponahalo ea thobalano, le ts'ebetso ea thobalano e nepahetseng.

Tšusumetso ea litloaelo tse tloaelehileng tsa litloaelo tsa batho bao e seng basele le balekane ba bona (1989) - Excerpt:

Boiteko 2, lihlooho tsa banna le tsa basali li ile tsa pepeseha ho fapana le ho kopanela liphate. Thutong ea bobeli, ho ne ho e-na le likamano tsa thobalano ea thobalano le boemo bo tsosang takatso ea ho khahloa ke thobalano. Litholoana tse senyang tsa ho pepeseha ha mahareng li fumanoa feela bakeng sa bafo ba banna ba pepesetsoeng li-nude tsa basali. Batona ba fumaneng nagamekhahlelo e mengata e monate e ikhetholla e le e tlaase ka lerato le basali ba bona.

Likamano tsa bana ba lilemong tsa bocha li ipapisitse le tikoloho ea mecha ea litaba ea thobalano le maikutlo a bona a Basali ba likobo (2007) - Excerpt:

Ho pepesa lintho tse hlalosang thobalano lifiliming tsa Inthanete e ne e le eona feela tekanyo ea ho hlahisa maikutlo e amanang haholo le litumelo tseo basali ba li etsang ka thobalano, moo ho pepesehang mefuta e meng ea thobalano e laoloang.

Ho ipapisa le litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate le mekhoa e fapaneng ea 'mele, ho na le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate le ho kopanela liphate har'a ba bang ba banna ba Canada (2007) - Excerpt:

Joalokaha ho boletsoe esale pele, likamano tse mpe li ile tsa fumanoa pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng le litekanyetso tsa thobalano le thobalano.

Ho kopanela liphate Amerika Online: Ho Hlahloba ho Kopanela Liphate, Boemo ba Lenyalo, le Boitsebiso ba Botona le Botšehali ka ho Batla ho Kopanela Liphate Inthaneteng le Liphetoho Tsa Tsona (2008)- Excerpt:

Ena e ne e le ho ithuta ka ho kopanela liphate le kamano ho batla Inthaneteng, ho itšetlehile ka phuputso ea batho ba 15,246 ba arabelang United States karolo ea mashome a supileng a metso e mehlano ea banna le 41% ea basali ba ne ba shebile kapa ba kopitsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Banna le basali ba li-lesbian ba ne ba atisa ho kena litabeng tsa bootsoa kapa ba kopanela boitšoarong bo bong bo batlang ba ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ha bapisoa le li-straights kapa basali.
Kamano e lumellanang e senotsoe pakeng tsa banna le basali ka lebaka la ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ka basali ba tlaleha likotsi tse ngata tse mpe, ho kenyelletsa le ho theola setšoantšo sa 'mele, molekane ea nyatsang' mele ea bona, khatello e eketsehileng ea ho etsa liketso tse shebelloang lifiliming tsa bootsoa, ha banna ba ntse ba tlaleha hore ba nyatsa 'mele oa balekane ba bona ebile ha ba thahaselle ho kopanela liphate.

Boemo ba Bacha le Maikutlo a Inthaneteng ka ho Kopanela Liphate Lintlha le Maikutlo a Basali ka Likamano Tsa Botona le Botšehali: Tlhahlobo ea Boemo le Mekhoa e Meholo (2009)- Excerpt:

Leha ho le joalo, tšusumetso e tobileng ea maikutlo a basali ka ho kopanela liphate ho hlahella ho BONA e ne e le ea bohlokoa ho banna ba lilemong tsa bocha. Liphuputso tse ling li bontšitse hore, ho sa tsotellehe hore na bacha ke bafe, ho rata SEBELE ho na le tšusumetso ea ho pepeseha ho EONA ka litumelo tsa bona hore basali ke lintho tsa thobalano, hammoho le tšusumetso ea litumelo tsena ha ho pepesehetse ho BONA.

Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le thobalano ea banna ka thobalano: Tlhahlobo ea Tšebelisano le Likamano tsa Botona le Botšehali (2014)- Excerpt:

Re pheha khang ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li hlahisa sengoloa sa thobalano se tataisang boiphihlelo ba thobalano Ho leka sena, re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso ho banna ba koleche ba 487 (ba lilemo li 18-29 lilemo) ho la United States ho bapisa sekhahla sa bona sa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo ba li sebelisang le litakatso tsa thobalano le matšoenyeho. Liphetho li bonts'a litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo monna a li shebellang, o ne a ka li sebelisa haholo nakong ea thobalano, a kopa liketso tsa thobalano tsa molekane oa hae. hlahisa litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka boomo nakong ea thobalano e le hore u tsoele pele ho tsosoa, mme o na le mathata ka thobalano ea hae le setšoantšo sa 'mele. Ho feta moo, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse phahameng li sebelisoa hampe le ho thabela boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate le molekane.

Boits'oaro bo amanang le thobalano le 'mele oa bacha le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate (2014)- Excerpt:

Lintlha tse 'nè tsa bolelele ba nako-kholo har'a 1132 ea bosupa-ho bacha ba liholong tsa Dutch ba 10th (lilemo tse bolelang motlakase 1: lilemo tse 13.95; 52.7% bashanyana) li bokelitsoe. Liphello tsa boithati maqhutsong a 4 le mekhoa ea batsoali e bolelang esale pele mekhoa ea inthaneteng e ile ea phenyekolloa ka ho eketsa mekhoa ea khatello ea mekhoa ea ho hōla.
Litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa pele le / kapa ho eketseha ka potlako litabeng tsa marang-rang tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate ka kakaretso li bolela esale pele ho itšepa ho hang (bo-SNS ba banana ba sebelisa feela), ho hlahloba 'mele ho eketsehileng, le ho khotsofatsoa haholo ke phihlelo ea thobalano. Ho kena ha Inthaneteng ka boinotšana le maemo a fokolang a puso ea batsoali mabapi le tšebeliso ea Inthanete e boletse hore ho na le karolo e kholo ea boitlamo bo amanang le thobalano. Le hoja mekhoa e mengata e amanang le thobalano e amanang le thobalano ha e atile har'a bacha, bacha ba kenang boitšoarong bo joalo ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le maikutlo a fosahetseng 'meleng le ho kopanela liphate

Ha ho Kotsi Kotsing, Hantle? Boitšoaro bo bobe ba batho ba bootsoa, setšoantšo sa 'mele le botle ba motho (2014) - Excerpt:

Tsela ea ho hlahloba e senotse hore palo ea batho ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisoa ke (a) ka katleho e amahanngoa le ho se khotsofale ha mesifa le mafura a 'mele ka mokhoa o sa nepahalang ka ho kenngoa ha internom ea sepheo sa mesomorphic, (b) se sa amaneng le kananelo ea' mele ka ho toba le ka tsela e sa tobang ka ho hlahloba 'mele...

Na ho pepesehela lintho tse hlalosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ho eketsa ho se khotsofale ha 'mele Thuto ea longitudinal (2014)

E itšetlehile ka phuputso e entsoeng ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a ileng a fumanoa har'a sampuli ea baemeli ba 1879 Dutch eo re e fumaneng hore khafetsa ho hlahella ho BONA ho eketsa ho se khotsofale ha banna ka 'mele ea bona ka kakaretso le mala a bona ka ho khetheha.

Litšoantšo tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Sebelisa le Setšoantšo sa Thobalano ka Sample Dutch (2016)- Excerpt:

Ho se khotsofale ka boholo ba botona ho amahanngoa le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa… Liphello tsena li tšehetsa ho nahanisisa pele le litlaleho tsa boikokobetso ka kamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le litšoantšo tsa thobalano har'a banna.

Ho shebella Mecha ea Boits'oaro ea Botona le Botšehali le ho Kopana ha Bona le Bophelo ba kelello Har'a Batho ba Bong le ba Bong bo Fapaneng Hohle Amerika (2017) - Litemana tse qotsitsoeng

Banna ba masoabi le ba bong bo fapaneng (GBM) ba tlalehile hore ba shebile mecha ea phatlalatso e hlakileng ea ho kopanela liphate (SEM) ho feta banna ba bong bo fapaneng. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ho shebella boholo ba SEM ho ka fella ka boikutlo bo bongata ba 'mele bo seng bobe' me bobe bo ama. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho liphuputso tse 'nileng tsa hlahloba mefuta ena ka mokhoa o tšoanang.
Sesebelisoa se seholo sa SEM se amana ka ho toba le boikutlo bo fosahetseng ba 'mele le matšoao a matšoenyeho le a tšoenyang. Hape ho bile le phello e sa tobang ea SEM molemong oa matšoao a tepeletseng le a tšoenyang ka boikutlo ba 'mele. Liphuputso tsena li totobatsa bohlokoa ba SEM ka setšoantšo sa 'mele le bobe bo amang le setšoantšo sa' mele se bapala matšoenyehong le liphello tsa ho tepella maikutlo bakeng sa GBM.

Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ke banna ba nyenyane ba kopanetsoeng liphate: Metsoalle le ho se khotsofale ha 'mele, matšoao a ho kula, mehopolo ea ho sebelisa anabolic steroids le boleng ba bophelo (2017) - Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Mohlala oa banna ba nyenyane ba 2733 ba kopanelang liphate ba lulang Australia le New Zealand ba qetile phuputso ea inthanete e nang le litekanyetso tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho se khotsofale ha 'mele, ho ja matšoao a ho kula, mehopolo ea ho sebelisa anabolic steroids le boleng ba bophelo. Batho ba ka bang bohle ba (98.2%) ba tlaleha hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ka nako e tloaelehileng ea lihora tsa 5.33 ka khoeli.
Lipatlisiso tse ngata li senotse hore ho eketseha ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ne ho amahanngoa haholo le ho se khotsofale ho hoholoanyane ka mesifa, mafura a 'mele le bophahamo; matšoao a mangata a ho kula; menahano e mengata ea ho sebelisa li-anabolic steroids; le boleng bo tlase ba bophelo.

Mecha ea Inthanete ea ho Kopanela Liphate, ho Khotsofatsa 'Meleng le Tšebelisano ea Metsoalle Har'a Batho ba Kopanelang Liphate le Batho: Thuto ea Boiketlo (2017)- Excerpt:

Lipuisano tse entsoeng ka likarolo tse sa tšoaneng li ile tsa etsoa le 16 MSM, tse akaretsang tšusumetso e nkiloeng ea SEOM e khethehileng ea SEOM. Banna bohle ba robong ba kenyelletsang litaba tsa khotsofalo ea 'mele le litebello tsa molekane ba tlaleha hore SEOM e khethehileng ea SEOM e behile litebello tsa' mele tse sa utloahaleng tse phahameng le litebello tsa bona.

Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng li Sebelisa Basali ba Koetlisitsoeng: Boikutlo ba Bong bo tšoanang, Tlhokomelo ea 'Mele le Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali (2018) - Excerpt:

Basali ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea Inthaneteng ba ne ba lumellana haholo le lipale tsa bonokoane, palo e phahameng ea balekane ba thobalano, 'me ba etsa liteko tsa' mele.

Likarolo tse kholo tsa Motivators le Sociodemographic Likarolo tsa Basali ba tšoaroang ke Labiaplasty (2018)- Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Half ea bakuli ba ile ba tlaleha hore ba na le maikutlo mabapi le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa basali (50.7%) 'me ba susumelitsoe ke mecha ea litaba (47.9%). Boholo ba bao (71.8%) bo boletse hore ha ba na liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tloaelehileng 'me ba nka labiaplasty ho feta likhoeli tse 6 tse fetileng (88.7%). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka khoeli e fetileng e ne e le 19.7% 'me li ne li amana haholo le setšoantšo se tlase sa ho kopanela liphate le boitlhompho.

Mehopolo ea khatello ea molekane oa banna e ka ba e ts'oane 'me litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa: Mekhatlo e nang le matšoao a lefu la ho kula matšoao motseng oa basali ba baholo (2019) - Ithute ka litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho molekane oa mosali oa mosebelisi oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tlhaloso:

Phuputso ea hajoale e hlahlobile mefuta e 'meli e ikhethileng ea balekane eo ho neng ho nahanoa hore e hokahane le matšoao a basali ba ED: khatello ea monna e amanang le bosesane le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa hajoale le tsa nakong e fetileng tsa balekane ba bona li ne li amana le matšoao a phahameng a ED, ho fetola lilemo le litlaleho tsa basali tsa ho tšoenngoa ke ts'ebeliso ena. Khatello e amanang le boikokobetso ba molekane le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate li sebelisitsoe le matšoao a ED ka ho toba le ka mokhoa o mosesaane oa ho kenya letsoho, ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa hona joale li sebelisoa ka ho toba le matšoao a ED.

Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le liphihlelo tse haufi-ufi tsa basali le balekane ba bona (2019) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Har'a basebelisi ba basali ba neng ba kopanela liphate, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa tšebeliso ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali li ne li amahanngoa le ho eketsa kelello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nakong ea ho hopola litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nakong ea thobalano nakong ea thobalano le molekane, ho itšetlehile haholo ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho finyella le ho boloka ho tsosoa, le ho rata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ho kopanela liphate le molekane. Ho feta moo, ho sebelisoa ha litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso nakong ea thobalano, ho e-na le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa feela, ho ne ho boetse ho amahanngoa le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho se sireletsehe ka ponahalo ea bona le ho fokotsa thabo ea liketso tse haufi-ufi tse kang ho soma kapa ho nyenyefatsa nakong ea thobalano le karolo ea thobalanor.

Litšusumetso tsa likamano tsa batho ka menyetla ea boholo ba banna ba nang le menyetla le liqeto tsa ho fokotsa penile: Thuto e Tšoanelehang (2019) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Palo e ntseng e eketseha ea banna ha ba khotsofalle boholo ba botona ba bona mme ba batla mekhoa ea litlolo ho ntlafatsa boholo ba botona ba bona. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka mabaka a kahisano le setso a susumetsang banna ho nahana ka mekhoa ena… .. Lipuisano tsa motho ka mong li ile tsa etsoa le banna ba baholo ba 6 ba neng ba kile ba eketsoa ka penile.
Ho hlahile lihlooho tse tharo tsa mantlha lipuisanong, e leng "tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro", "papiso le lithaka" le "litšeho tse amanang le ponahalo e sa tobang". Banna bao ba hlokometse hore botona bo boholo ba batšoantšisi ba banna litšoantšong tsa bootsoa bo sentse maikutlo a bona ka boholo ba botona bo tloaelehileng. Banna bohle ba ne ba bapisitse boholo ba bona ba botona le lithaka tsa bona, hangata ka kamoreng ea ho loka, 'me hangata ba ne ba ikutloa hore lipalesa tsa bona li le nyenyane ka lebaka la seo.

Litaba tsa Bohlokoa Ka mor'a Bohle: Bopaki ba Boiteko ba hore SEM Tlhahiso ea ho Sebelisa Genital le Body Esteem ho Banna (2019) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Phuputso e entsoeng pele e fumane hore litšoantšo tse hlalositsoeng mecheng ea mecha ea phatlalatso li na le tšusumetso e mpe tabeng ea boitlhompho, haholo-holo har'a basali. Ka boiketlo ba ho fihlella le ho ajoa ha lintho tsa ho kopanela liphate (SEM) lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea Inthanete, ho 'nile ha etsoa hore basebelisi ba SEM ba khone ho itšepa ka tsela e tšoanang le e fumanoang patlisisong ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa mecha ea phatlalatso.
Ho tsebo ea rona, ena ke thuto ea pele ho hlahloba ka ho toba phello ea ts'oaetso ea SEM ka boitlhompho bo ikemetseng ba naha ha ho bapisoa le lipapatso tsa mecha ea phatlalatso tse sebelisang banna ba babeli moqapi oa liteko. Ha ba nahana, banna ba pepesitsoeng ho SEM ba tlalehiloeng ka statistically ba khotsofetse khotsofalo le ponahalo ea liphatsa tsa bona tsa lefutso ha ba bapisoa le ba bonang litšoantšo tsa mecha ea litaba kapa ba se na litšoantšo ho hang.
Liphetho tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho pepesehela SEM ho na le tšusumetso e mpe ho boits'epo ba mmuso ba bareki ba bang ba banna, haholoholo ka boholo le ponahalo ea litho tsa bona tsa botona kapa botšehali, ho fana ka tumello likhopolong tsa papiso ea sechaba. Phuputso e fetileng ea sehlooho sena e thehiloe haholo ho itlalehe; Mokhoa oa rona o pepesitse barupeluoa ho SEM nakong ea pokello ea lintlha.

Sehlopha sa baetsi

Moelelo / Boemo: Ha ho setho se seng sa Alliance se ngotseng thuto ka batšoantšisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho feta moo, sebaka sa Alliance se re se amehile ka "litlamorao tsa lifilimi tsa thobalano" ho bashebelli. Joale ke hobaneng ha Alliance e lahlile ka karolo e nang le lithuto tse peli tse khethiloeng ka ciliegia tse tlalehang litaba tse monate mabapi le baetsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Karabo e hlakile ka mokhoa o utloisang bohloko: Selekane se sebetsa ho khothaletsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ts'ehetsa lenane la indasteri ea bootsoa (joalo ka ha ho hlokahala). Haeba u nahana hore rea feteletsa hlahloba hore na "litsebi" li ngotse eng tlalehong ea bona e kopanetsoeng ea Twitter.

Lithuto tsa Alliance:

Griffith, JD, Mitchell, S., Hart, CL, Adams, LT, & Gu, LL (2013). Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso: Litlhahlobo tsa thepa e senyehileng ea thepa. Lenaneo la Phuputso ea ho Kopanela Liphate, 50 (7), 621-632. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Mohlala o mong oa Alliance-picking cherry. Hobaneng ha Deniers 'Alliance e ile ea siea lithuto tse latelang ho batšoantšisi ba baholo?

1) Ho bapisoa le Bophelo ba kelello ba Filimi ea Basali ba Maqheku le ba Bang ba Bang ba California (2015) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Liphuputso tse entsoeng ka marang-rang tse entsoeng ka inthaneteng li fetotsoe ho tsoa ho California Women's Health Survey (CWHS) li ne li laoloa ke setšoantšo se bonolo sa baetsi ba lifilimi tsa basali ba khale ba 134 ka Inthanete. Liphuputso tsa bivariate le multivariate li ne li sebelisetsoa ho bapisa lintlha tsa basali bana ba nang le boitsebiso ba basali ba 1,773 ba lilemo tse tšoanang le ba arabelang 2007 CWHS. Mekhoa e meholo ea liphello e ne e le boemo bo botle ba kelello bo botle.
Likhoeling tse fetileng tsa 12, 50% ea baetsi ba litlaleho ba tlaleha hore ba futsanehile 'me 34% e tlaleha hore ba na le tlhekefetso ea malapeng, ha ba bapisoa le 36% le 6%, ka ho latellana, ba CWHS ba arabelang. Ha e se e le batho ba baholo, 27% o ile a ba le thobalano e qobelloang, ha a bapisoa le 9% ea ba arabelang CWHS.
Sephetho: Basali ba baholo ba lifilimi ba ntseng ba mpefatsa bophelo ba kelello le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho tepella maikutlo ho feta basali ba California ba lilemo tse tšoanang.

2) The Film Film Industry: Nako ea ho Laola? (2007)

Baetsi ba lifilimi ba baholo ba kopanela liphate le nako e telele tsa thobalano le balekane ba bangata ba thobalano ka nako e khutšoanyane, ba etsa maemo a loketseng bakeng sa phetiso ea HIV le maloetse a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano. Ha e le hantle, litloaelo tse phahameng li ntse li phahama [4]. Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate tse amanang le ho kenella ka makhetlo a mabeli ka nako e le 'ngoe (ho kopanela liphate le ho kopanela liphate le ho kopanela liphate) le ho boela ho ejaculations ea sefahleho.
Ka 2004, ke likhamphani tse peli feela tsa lik'hamphani tsa khale tsa 200 tse neng li hloka hore ho sebelisoe likhohlopo bakeng sa palo eohle ea penile le penile-palo ea botšehali [2]. Baetsi ba litlaleho ba tlaleha hore ba tlameha ho sebetsa ntle le likhohlopo ho boloka mosebetsi. Mokhoa ona o lebisa litekanyetsong tse phahameng tsa tšoaetso ea mafu a likobo le ka linako tse ling HIV har'a baetsi.

3) Mokhoa oa ho hlahisa kotsi ea bophelo bo botle bathong ba baholo ba lifilimi (2009) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ho sa tsotellehe ho ba karolo ea indasteri e kholo le ea molao ho Los Angeles, ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka batho ba baholo ba hlahang lipapaling tsa likotsi tsa bophelo le hore na likotsi tsena li ka etsahala neng hona joang. Sepheo e ne e le ho khetholla likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle ba 'mele, kelellong, le sechabeng le litsela tsa likotsi tse joalo har'a batho ba baholo ba lifilimi le ho bona hore na likotsi li fapane joang pakeng tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea baetsi, joalo ka banna le basali. Lipuisano tse tebileng tse hlophisitsoeng li ile tsa etsoa le basali ba 18 le banna ba leshome ba etsang lipapali hammoho le litsebi tse peli tsa bohlokoa ho tsoa indastering.
Baetsi ba litšebelisano tse kotsi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kenyeletsang liketso tsa thobalano tse kotsi, tse sa sireletsoeng, lithethefatsi le ho ntlafatsa 'mele. Ba pepesehetse khathatso ea 'mele ho setšoantšong. Ba bangata ba ile ba kena lefapheng lena ka ho se sireletsehe ha lichelete 'me ba tšoaroa ke mathata a bophelo ba kelello. Basali ba ne ba e-na le monyetla o moholo ho feta banna ho pepesehela likotsi tsa bophelo. Baetsi ba lifilimi tsa batho ba baholo, haholo-holo basali, ba pepese likotsing tsa bophelo bo botle bo bokellehang ha nako e ntse e feta 'me ha bo felle feela ho mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano.

4) Maloetse a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano le likotsi tse ling indastering ea lifilimi e kholo (2013) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Mochine o moholo oa filimi kajeno o emela khoebo ea lidolara tse limilione tse likete. Mathata a ka sehloohong a bophelo bo botle ba batho ba baholo ba tsebahala haholo. Ka kakaretso li kenyeletsa phetiso ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano, joalo ka HIV, lefu la sebete, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, kokoana-hloko ea herpes le papilloma. Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe ho latellana kamehla, hangata mafu a STD a ntse a le bohlokoa ho batho bana ba kotsing e kholo kaha karolo e kholo ea indasteri e ntse e tsoela pele ho hana tšebeliso ea likhohlopo ka tsela e ts'oanang. Ntle ho moo, basebetsi ba boetse ba pepesehetse litaba tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le ba kelello hangata tse sa tsejoeng ke sechaba. Sehlooho sena se fana ka tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea se tsejoang ka STD le likotsi tse ling har'a sechaba sa baetsi ba indasteri ea lifilimi.

5) Ho hlahlojoa ha tšoaetso ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano ho batho ba baholo ba etsang lifilimi: ke lefu le hloloheloang? (2012) - Litlhaku tse ling:

Matšoao a tšoaetsanoang ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali (mafu a likobo) a ka 'na a tloaeleha indastering ea lifilimi e kholo hobane hangata batšoantšisi ba kopanela liphate le liphate tse sa sireletsoeng, mafu a likobo hangata a se ke a hlola a e-ba teng,' me indasteri e itšetlehile ka liteko tsa motlakase.
Nakong ea thuto ea khoeli ea 4, barupeluoa ba 168 ba ile ba ngolisoa: 112 (67%) e ne e le basali 'me 56 (33%) e ne e le e motona. Ho 47 (28%) e ileng ea lekoa hantle bakeng sa Gonorrhea le / kapa Chlamydia, liketsahalo tsa 11 (23%) li ke ke tsa fumanoa ka tlhahlobo ea urogenital feela. Gonorrhea e ne e le STI e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa (42 / 168; 25%) le oropharynx sebaka se tloaelehileng sa tšoaetso (37 / 47; 79%). Matšoao a mashome a mararo a metso e mehlano (95%) ea oropharyngeal le 21 (91%) mahlakore a mabeli a mahlakoreng a mabeli a ne a sa tšoanelehe.
Baetsi ba indasteri ea lifilimi ba baholo ba ne ba e-na le moroalo o moholo oa mafu a likobo Matšoao a mafu a likobo a mangata a sa tsejoeng a tloaelehile a bile a tloaelehile mme a ka 'na a e-ba matamo a tšoaetsanoang ho balekane ba thobalano le ka ntle ho sebaka sa mosebetsi. Baetsi ba litšebeletso ba lokela ho hlahlojoa libakeng tsohle tsa litsebi ho sa tsotellehe matšoao, 'me ho sebelisoa likhohlopo ho sireletsa basebetsi ba indasteri ena.

6) Phahama ea Chlamydia le gonorrhea ts'ebetso le ho ts'oaroa har'a baetsi ba indasteri ea lifilimi tse kholo (2011) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Baetsi ba lifilimi tsa batho ba baholo (AFI) ba etsa thobalano e sa sireletsoeng, ea botona le ea botšehali le balekane ba bangata, ho eketsa menyetla ea ho fumana le ho fetisetsa tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea motho le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano. Mokhoa oa morao-rao oa khoebo ha o batle ho sebelisa khohlopo; ho e-na le hoo e itšetleha ka liteko tse lekanyelitsoeng Re ile ra leka ho lekanya ts'ebetso ea selemo le selemo ea chlamydia (CT) le gonorrhea (GC) le ho lekanya lebelo la ho tsosolosoa har'a basebetsi ba AFI. Meeli e tlaase bakeng sa liketsahalo tsa selemo le selemo tsa CT le GC har'a baetsi ba AFI ho hakanngoa hore ke 14.3% le 5.1%, ka ho latellana. Palo ea ho khutlisetsoa ka matla selemong sa 1 e ne e le 26.1%.
CT le GC tšoaetso e tloaelehile ebile e pheta-pheta har'a baetsi. Mekhoa ea ho laola, ho kenyelletsa le ts'ebeliso ea tšebeliso ea likhohlopo, e hloka ho sireletsa basebetsi lefapheng lena, ha tlhahlobo feela e ke ke ea thibela ho fumanoa ha mosebetsi mosebetsing le phetisetso. Melao e meng e fanang ka boikarabelo bo eketsehileng likhamphaning tsa tlhahiso e hlokahalang ho netefatsa ts'ireletso le bophelo bo botle ba baetsi.

Ka ho tlohela bopaki bo hanyetsang, ka tloaelo, Alliance e bonahala e sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa likhopolo-taba sa indasteri ea bootsoa.

Dubin, JM, Greer, AB, Valentine, C., O'Brien, IT, Leue, EP, Paz, L.,… & Ramasamy, R. (2019). Tlhahlobo ea Lits'oants'o tsa ho se sebetse ka ho kopanela liphate ho Basali ba baholo. Koranta ea bongaka ba thobalano. Khokahano ho web

Analysis: Ho fumanoa ha ho makatse kaha boholo ba batho ba ka lebella hore batho ba etsang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba fokotsehe ka tekanyo e fokolang ea ho kopanela liphate ho feta ho tlalehoa ho batho bohle. Taba ea pele, baahi ba kakaretso ba kenyeletsa karolo e kholo ea batho ba nang le maemo a sa foleng a 'mele kapa a kelello a amang bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali (lefu la tsoekere, maloetse a mafu a kelello, ho tepella maikutlo, mafu a mangata, bohloko bo sa foleng, joalo-joalo.) Ho feta moo, linaleli tsa bootsoa li atisa ho phela hantle' meleng , ba khahlehang, baatlelete ba thobalano, 'me hangata ba tlaleha ho qala ha thobalano. Seo se boletse, litefiso tse fokolang tsa ho se sebetse ka thobalano ha li lekane le boiketlo bo botle.

Leha ho le joalo, qotsulo ena ke mohlala o phethahetseng oa khetho ea Deniers: Selekane se tlohetse thuto ke sehlopha se le seng sa lipatlisiso. E ile ea tlaleha Palo ea ED ho banna ba sebetsang ka holimo ho feta batho bohle. The phuputso ea lipatlisiso ho batšoantšisi ba lifilimi ba baholo, e hatisitsoeng ka 2018, e tlalehile hore 37% ea linaleli tsa bootsoa (e leng lilemo tse 20-29) e ne e e-na le ho se sebetse ha erectile ho tebileng ho ea ka matla. (Thuto e sebelisitsoe IIEF, e leng mehato e sebetsang nakong ea thobalano e kopanetsoeng, tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea urology bakeng sa mosebetsi oa erectile.)

Mehlala e meng ke ena ea ak'haonte ea Alliance ea Twitter e khothalletsang boithuto ba basali (leha ho le joalo eseng thuto ea banna):

Hape, ho khothaletsa thuto ho basali ba etsang lipapali feela:

Alliance e boetse e sebelisa ak'haonte ea eona ea Twitter ho khothaletsa melemo ea botekatse, e beha "thuto" e reng ho sebelisa matekatse ho tsamaellana le "melao-motheo ea bophelo bo botle ba thobalano."

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Hobaneng ha RealYBOP e lula e le tweet ho ts'ehetsa indasteri ea bootsoa le botekatse, ha sebaka seo sa marang-rang se re se mabapi le litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho mosebelisi? Bakeng sa mehlala e meng e mengata bona leqephe lena moo re bokellang li-tweets tsa RealYBOP (ka lebaka la liketso tse tsoelang pele tsa molao) - RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: Daniel Burgess, Nicole Prause & pro-porn allies ba theha webosaete e leeme le liakhaonto tsa litaba tsa sechaba ho tšehetsa ajenda ea indasteri ea bootsoa (ho qala ka Mmesa, 2019)

LITABA

update loi: Mehato ea molao e senotse seo Daniel Burgess ke mong'a hajoale oa realyourbrainonporn.com URL. Ka Hlakubele ea 2018, Daniel Burgess ha a na sebaka, a kenya letsoho ho hlekefetsoeng le ho nyenyefalitsoeng ha Gary Wilson le YBOP lipapaling tse ngata tsa sechaba. Tse ling tsa liqoso tse atileng tsa Burgess le li-rantings tse ferekaneng li ngotsoe fatše 'me li putiloe mona: Ho bua ka litlhaselo le litlhaselo tse sa tšehetsoeng ke Daniel Burgess (March, 2018) (Ka mokhoa o makatsang, Burgess ke motsoalle oa haufi oa Nicole Prause).
Ntlafatso (Lehlabula, 2019): Ka May 8, 2019 Donald Hilton, MD o ile a kenya letsoho litšila ka bobeli nyeoe khahlano le Nicole Prause & Liberos LLC. Ka Phupu 24, 2019 Donald Hilton o ile a lokisa tletlebo ea hae ea litšila ho totobatsa (1) tletlebo e fosahetseng ea Texas Board of Medical Examiners, (2) liqoso tsa bohata tsa hore Dr. Hilton o ne a etselitse mabaka a hae a netefalitsoeng, le (3) mangolo a tsoang ho 9 mahlatsipa a mang a tlhekefetso e tšoanang (John Adler, MD, Gary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, Staci Sprout, LICSW, Linda Hatch, PhD, Bradley Green, PhD, Stefanie Carnes, PhD, Geoff Goodman, PhD, Laila Haddad.)
Nicole Prause & David Ley ba etsa leshano nyeoeng ea nyeoe ea Don Hilton.
Ntlafatso (Mphalane, 2019): Ka Mphalane 23, 2019 Alexander Rhodes (mothehi oa reddit / nofap 'me NoFap.com) filed nyeoe ea nyefolo khahlanong le Nicole R Prause 'me Liberos LLC. Bona lekgotla la dinyewe mona. Bona leqephe lena bakeng sa litokomane tse tharo tsa lekhotla la mantlha tse kentsoeng ke Rhodes: Mothehi oa NoFap Alexander Rhode o nyefola nyeoe khahlanong le Nicole Prause / Liberos (bona leqephe la ho phahamisa chelete).
Ntlafatso (November, 2019): Kamora nako, phatlalatso e 'ngoe e nepahetseng ea phatlalatso ka moqosi oa leshano oa serial, motho ea silafatsang, ea hlekefetsang, moqhekelli oa matšoao a khoebo, Nicole Prause: "Sehlopha sa tšehetso ea lithethefatsi tsa thobalano tsa" Alex Rhod " ka Megan Fox oa PJ Media 'me "Lintoa tsa bootsoa ha li sebetse ka Mots'eanong oa Pherekhong", ka Diana Davison oa The Post Millenial. Davison o boetse o hlahisitse video ena ea metsotso ea 6 mabapi le boits'oaro bo botle ba boitšoaro ba Prause: “Na Litho Tsa Bootsoa li Lemosa?”.
Ntlafatso (Pherekhong, 2020): Alex Rhodes o ile tletlebo e ntlafalitsoeng khahlanong le Prause e boetse e reha akhaonto ea twitter ea RealYBOP (@BrainOnPorn) joalo ka ho etsa litšila. Leshano la RealYBOP, ho hlekefetsoa, ho silafatsa, le ho hlekefetsa ka marang-rang li amohetse. The @BrainOnPorn twitter joale e rehiloe linyeoeng tse peli tsa nyeoe e litšila.
Ntlafatso (la 23 Hlakubele 2020): Alex Rhodes o ile a hlahisa bohanyetsi ba hae ho ba Prause ho sisinya. Lifaele tsa hae tsa lekhotla li na le liketsahalo le bopaki bo bocha, bahlaseluoa ba tlatsetso ba Prause, moelelo / semelo se seholo: Bokgutshwanyane - maqephe a 26, Phatlalatso - maqephe a 64, Lipontšo - maqephe a 57.
Nchafatso (Phato, 2020): Moferefere le mohatelli Nicole Pause o lahleheloa ke linyeoe ho Gary Wilson; Likahlolo tsa lekhotla li pepesa Prause moetsi oa molato, eseng lehlatsipa. Ka Phato 2020 Likahlolo tsa lekhotla li pepesitse ka botlalo Nicole Prause e le moetsi oa molato, eseng lehlatsipa. Ka Hlakubele oa 2020, Prause o ile a batla taelo ea nakoana e thibelang (TRO) khahlano le nna a sebelisa "bopaki" bo iqapetsoeng le mashano a hae a tloaelehileng (a nqosa ka bohata hore ke a soma). Ha a kopa kopo ea thibelo o ile a iketsa eka o re ke rometse aterese ea hae ho YBOP le Twitter (Bofetoheli ha bo bocha ho Prause). Ke kentse nyeoe e khahlano le SLAPP khahlano le Prause ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tsamaiso ea molao (TRO) ho khutsa le ho ntlhorisa. Ka la 6 Phato, Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo la Setereke sa Los Angeles le ile la etsa qeto ea hore teko ea Prause ea ho fumana taelo e nthibelang e hlahisitse nyeoe ea maano le e seng molaong khahlanong le ho nka karolo ha setjhaba ”(hangata e bitsoang" SLAPP sutu "). Prause o ile a bua leshano hohle ho bolotsana ba hae ba TRO, a fana ka bopaki bo ka netefatsoang ho mo tšehetsa lipolelo tse makatsang hore ke ile ka mo chekela kapa ka mo hlorisa. Ha e le hantle, Lekhotla le fumane hore Prause o hlekefetsa ts'ebetso ea lithibelo ho ntlhorisa hore ke khutse le ho hatakela litokelo tsa hae tsa ho bua ka bolokolohi. Ho ea ka molao, kahlolo ea SLAPP e tlama Prause ho lefa litefiso tsa 'muelli oa ka.
Gary Wilson joale o na le URL ea RealYBOP. Bona - TLHOKOMELISO: YBOP e fumana www.RealYourBrainOnPorn.com khoebong ea tlolo ea molao ea khoebo
Ntlafatso (Pherekhong, 2021): Prause o ile a kenya nyeoe ea bobeli e sa tsotelleng ea molao khahlanong le nna ka December, 2020 ka lebaka la qoso ea lebitso la bomenemene. Nyeoeng ka la 22 Pherekhong 2021 an Lekhotla la Oregon le ile la liha kahlolo ea ka 'me la qosa Prause ka litšenyehelo le kotlo e eketsehileng. Boiteko bona bo hlōlehileng e ne e le bo bong ba linyeoe tse leshome le metso e 'meli Prause e sokeloa phatlalatsa le / kapa e kentsoe likhoeling tse fetileng. Kamora lilemo tse ngata tsa tlaleho e mpe, o se a fetelletse litšoso tsa linyeoe tsa 'nete ho leka ho khutsisa ba mo senolang maqhama a haufi le indasteri ea bootsoa le boitšoaro ba hae bo lonya, kapa ba entseng likano tse hlapanyelitsoeng ka lisutu tse 3 tsa ho nyefola hona joale tse khahlano le eena.