Khopolo-taba ea Litaba tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Mathata a Bakiloeng ke Boits'oaro bo bobe le Mekhoa ea Ts'ebeliso e Mpe ea ho Kopanela Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa: Na "Maemo" Ana a Mabeli a Fapane le a Khopolo? (Tlhatlhobo ea mofuta oa Grubbs oa boits'oaro bo hlephileng)

Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali

, Buka ea 48, Khatiso ea 2, pp 417-423 |

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10508-018-1293-5

Matthias Brand, Stephanie Antons, Elisa Wegmann, Marc N. Potenza

Selelekela

The Target Article ea Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, le Reid (2018) e bua ka taba ea bohlokoa le e nakong e mabapi le mathata ao batho ba ka bang le 'ona a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Grubbs et al. pheha khang hore ho na le batho ba ipolelang hore ba lemaletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ntle le hore ba sebelisoe ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Grubbs et al. e fana ka maikutlo a mathata a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka lebaka la boits'oaro ba boitšoaro bo bobe (PPMI) "bo ka thusang ho hlalosa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lingoliloeng, ho tsepamisa mohopolo ka ho toba tabeng ea hore na boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba boitšoaro-ka kakaretso, phihlelo ea ho etsa lintho tse silafatsang melao ea boitšoaro e tebileng-e ka lebisa ho mathata ao motho a nahanang ka 'ona a bakoang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. ​​"

Moetso oa PPMI o lokela ho tsotelloa. Palo e akaretsang mohlala (sheba setšoantšo sa 1 ho Grubbs et al., 2018) e kenyelletsa "matšoenyeho" e le phapang e ka sehloohong e itšetlehileng, ho khetholla maemo a mararo a fapaneng: khatello ea kelello / khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea batho / kamano, le khatello ea bolumeli / ea moea. Mekhoa e khothalelitsoeng e bakang khatello e kenyelletsa litsela tse peli tse kholo: Tsela ea 1, eo ho thoeng ke "mathata a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka lebaka la ts'ollo ea mali" le Pathway 2, e bitsoang "mathata a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka lebaka la boits'oaro bo bobe." Grubbs le al. bolela hore Pathway 1, e bonts'ang mekhoa ea ntlafatso le tlhokomelo ea ts'ebeliso e lemalloang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ha se sepheo se ka sehloohong sa mofuta o hlahisitsoeng mme, ho fapana le hoo, ba e tšoantša le mefuta e meng e ikhethang (mohlala, mohlala oa I-PACE) (Brand , Mocha, Laier, Wölfling, & Potenza, 2016b). Leha ho le joalo, Grubbs et al. o ile a etsa qeto ea ho kenyelletsa Tsela ena ea 1 ka mohlala oa bona, 'me tsela ena e na le likarolo tse' maloa tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse tsosang takatso kapa tse sa sebelisoeng hampe. Likarolo tse ling tsa tseleng ena li amana le mekhoa ea PPMI, ka mohlala, "khatello ea maikutlo" le "boitšoaro bo hlephileng" bo tlameha ho sebetsa ka ho toba "mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa," e leng se bakang mahlomola.

Re pheha khang ea hore mokhoa ona-ho kenyelletsa tsela ea tšebeliso e senyehileng le ho hokahanya tsela ena le tsela ea PPMI-ha e nahane hantle ka Grubbs et al. (2018). Ho ea ka pono ea rona, e ka be e le molemo ho hlakisa ka ho eketsehileng ho amana pakeng tsa lintlha tsa motheo tsa litsela tse peli tse ka khonehang le ho hlahloba ka botlalo dintlha, haholo-holo mabapi le likarolo tse ling tse sa tsejoeng ka ho feletseng sehloohong sena, mabapi le, mohlala, sepheo sa ho ila mefokolo ea boitšoaro libakeng tse joalo. Ho feta moo, Grubbs et al. e ka beha mohlala ho latela maemo a hona joale a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mekhoa e meng ea lithethefatsi ho latela maemo a bolumeli.

Litlhaloso ka Pathway 1 ea Mohlala: Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso Sebelisa

Tsela ea pele ea mohlala ke papiso e bonolo haholo ea litsela tse amehang ho nts'etsopele le ho boloka seo Grubbs et al. hlalosa hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso kapa tse hlephileng li sebelisoa. Tsela ena, ka sebōpeho sa hona joale, e kenyelletsa mehlala e fokolang ea mefuta e fapaneng (mohlala, ho hloka boikutlo, ho batla maikutlo, ho sebetsana le maemo a fokolang), e le lisosa tse lebisang ho ts'ebetsong ea litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litlokotsi. Palo ena e bontša hore boitšoaro bo hlephileng bo lebisa mahlomoleng, ka bobeli ka ho toba le ka tsela e sa tobang, ho feta mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse amanang le ho nyenyefatsa ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse tsosang takatso li boleloa ka ho feletseng le ka ho feletseng ka Grubbs et al. (2018). Le hoja tsela ena e se sepheo sa mohlala, e ka be e ruile molemo ka ho kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseding e eketsehileng mabapi le nts'etsopele ea tšebeliso e hlephileng ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e le hore ho khetholle (kapa ho hokahanya) litsela tse peli.

Liphuputso tse 'maloa li se li hatelletse hore ho na le litšobotsi tse ling tse ka eketsang nts'etsopele ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mehlala e hlahelletseng e kenyelletsa thabo ea thobalano le tšusumetso (Laier & Brand, 2014; Lu, Ma, Lee, Hou, le Liao, 2014;; Stark et al., 2017), litumellano tsa sechaba (Whang, Lee, & Chang, 2003; Yoder, Virden, le Amin, 2005), le psychopathology (Kor et al., 2014; Schiebener, Laier, & Brand, 2015;; Whang et al., 2003). Litšobotsi tsena li kanna tsa se be le tšusumetso e tobileng ho ts'ebeliso ea matšoao a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​empa litlamorao li lekantsoe le / kapa li buelloa ka karabelo e matla le kutloisiso ho lisosa tsa kantle kapa tsa kahare le ts'ebetso ea taolo (thibelo ea thibelo) e hlahisang qeto ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ( Allen, Kannis-Dymand, & Katsikitis, 2017; Antons & Brand, 2018;; Brand et al., 2016b;; Schiebener et al., 2015; Snagowski le Brand, 2015). Bohareng ba tšebeliso e litšila ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke ho ts'oara-ho ts'oara le ho lakatsa likarabo (mohlala, Antons & Brand 2018; Moetso, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016a;; Gola et al., 2017; Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Brand, 2013; Snagowski, Wegmann, Pekal, Laier, & Brand, 2015; Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, le Lejoyeux, 2015). Ho 'nile ha phehisoa hore ho khotsofatsoa ha ho sebelisoa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho matlafatsa-ka lebaka la mekhoa ea boipheliso (Banca et al., 2016; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Snagowski, Laier, Duka, & Brand, 2016) -E leng boitsebiso bo boletsoeng ka holimo bo mabapi le litlhahiso tse amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tse lebisang ho ts'ebetsong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (cf. Brand et al., 2016b). Liphuputso tse fetileng li bontša hore liketso tsa ts'oaetso tsa bokooa, tse kenyelletsang ventral striatum, li amahanngoa le ho eketseha ha takatso le matšoao a mang a litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa (Brand et al., 2016a; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016;; Gola et al., 2017).

Ka mohlala oa bona, Grubbs et al. (2018) e ka 'na ea e-ba le maikutlo a tloaelehileng a ho lakatsa ka tlas'a lentsoe la ho senya maikutlo. Leha ho le joalo, ho labalabela ho hong ho feta feela ho senya maikutlo, hobane ho emela maikutlo, ho susumetsa, le ho sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng le litlhahiso tse amanang le lithethefatsi (Carter et al., 2009; Carter le Tiffany, 1999; Tiffany, Carter, le Singleton, 2000) e hlahisang mekhoa ea ho atamela le ea ho qoba (Breiner, Stritzke, & Lang, 1999; Robinson le Berridge, 2000). Bohlokoa ba ho ithuta mekhoa ea litakatso mabapi le se fumanoeng ke Cyber ​​Pornography Sebelisa Inventory-9 (CPUI-9) (Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015b) ho se ho hlokometsoe, haholoholo ha liphuputso tse amanang le ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (joalo ka ha li sebelisoa ke "karolo e lemohuoang ea ho qobelloa" ea CPUI-9) li bonahala li ela hloko mabaka ka bobeli a ho ila litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le makhetlo a ts'ebeliso ha o leka ho ithiba (Fernandez, Tee le Fernandez, 2017).

Karolo ea "boitšoaro bo tlaase" ka mohlala oa Grubbs et al. (2018) mohlomong ho kenyelletsa kapa ho bolela mesebetsi e fokolang e fokolang le taolo ea ho thibela ho itšireletsa, joaloka li-inhibitors tsa litakatso tsa litakatso (Bechara, 2005), e thusang ho fokotsa taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho se sebetse ha mekhoa ea taolo, joalo ka ts'ebetso ea motsamaisi, ha o tobane le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo, ho fumanoe e le mafutsana ho batho ba nang le tšekamelo ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (Laier & Brand, 2014; Laier, Pawlikowski, & Brand, 2014a; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2014b). Ho senyeha ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ka 'na ha bakoa ke ho ba le boikemisetso bo matla ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le takatso ea boitšoaro hammoho le mekhoa e fokolang ea taolo e khothalletsoang ke litšobotsi tse kang tsa ho kopanela liphate, bolutu, psychopathology (Brand et al., 2016b;; Stark et al., 2017), Le ho se tsotelle (Antons & Brand, 2018;; Romer Thomsen et al., 2018; Wéry, Deleuze, Kanale, le Billieux, 2018). Ka mohlala oa Grubbs et al., Mekhatlo ena e rarahaneng e lekanyelitsoe ka mokhoa o le mong o hlalosang ka ho hlaka tse ling tsa lintlha tsena. Leha ho le joalo, ho bonts'a mokhoa o rarahaneng oa Pathway 1 ho ka ba molemo ho khetholla ka ho toba pakeng tsa mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka kakaretso, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho ka etsahala ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba boitšoaro le / kapa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi kapa ho se sebelisoe.

Maikutlo a Pathway 2 ea Mohlala: Mathata a Nang le Boiphihlelo a Amanang le Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa Tloaelo ea Boitšoaro bo Botle

Ho itšetlehile ka lithuto tsa pele, Grubbs et al. (2018) tšoantšetsa ho sebelisana ha likhopolo tse 'maloa tseo ho thoeng li amana le PPMI. Le hoja liphuputso li thehiloe lipatlisisong tse hatisitsoeng pele, li na le maikutlo a mabapi le "ho lemalla ho lemalla" 'me e ka' na ea e-ba ho hlahisa maikutlo a bohata a thehiloeng ho etsoa ka mokhoa oa ho haha ​​le tekanyo, hammoho le ho itšetleha ka palo e nyenyane ea lithuto tse fokolang e etsoang ho fihlela joale.

Grubbs et al. (2018) ba pheha khang ea hore tumelo ke sesosa sa pele sa mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le maikutlo a tlokotsi tseleng ea 2. Ho ahlola ka metsu, Grubbs et al. ho bonahala eka e fana ka maikutlo a (bonyane a leeme) ka kotloloho ho tsoa bolumeling ho ea ho mathata a boithati. Ho phaella moo, Grubbs et al. e kenyelelitse motsu o tsoang bolumeling ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo nyatsang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho isa boits'oarong bo bobe le ho ba le mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le maikutlo a khatello (bona Setšoantšo sa 1 ho Grubbs et al., 2018). Sena se bonahala se bontša ho fapana ka tsela e itseng ho tloha bolumeling ho ea ho mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le maikutlo a mahlomola 'me baemeli ba ka' na ba amoheloa ke boitšoaro, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Tabeng ena, ho tla ba monate haholo ho bona hore na ke lintlha life tse ling tse ka tlatsetsang ho sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho tloha bolumeling le mekhoeng ea boitšoaro ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea eona e ka sebelisoang. Ka mantsoe a mang: Ke hobane'ng ha batho ba nang le litekanyetso tse itseng tsa boitšoaro ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, le hoja tšebeliso e senya melao ea bona ea boitšoaro?

Tlhaloso e 'ngoe e lokelang ho boleloa ke hore liphuputso li kenyelelitsoe tlhatlhobo ea lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ka boholo ba banna ba Bakreste. Ka mohlala, thutong ea Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, le Carlisle (2015a), 59% ea barupeluoa e ne e le Bakreste (Bakreste ba 36% ba Boprostanta kapa baevangeli, 23% Bakreste ba K'hatholike), ba phahamisa potso ea hore na mohlala oo o etselitsoe sehlopha se itseng sa bolumeli. Ho feta moo, hoo e batlang e le karolo ea boraro (32%) ea barupeluoa ka sampuli ena e ne e sa sebelisoe ke bolumeli ho kopanyelletsa le batho ba sa lumeleng hore Molimo o teng ebile ke ba-agnostics. Sena se hlahisa lipotso mabapi le hore na tsela ea Pathway 2 ea mohlala ho PPMI e ka ba ea bohlokoa joang ho batho bao e seng balumeli ha bolumeli bo e-na le boikemisetso ba pele. Ho na le likamano tse ling tse ka bang teng pakeng tsa litšobotsi tsa batho le bolumeli boo mohlomong bo amehang ho ba mahlomoleng a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sebelisang tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka mohlala, ho batho ba nang le maikutlo a sa ratanang le batho ba bong bo fapaneng (bonyane 10% ea barupeluoa ba Grubbs et al., 2015a), ho kanna ha ba le likhohlano lipakeng tsa bolumeli ba motho le maikutlo a hae ka thobalano (a ka khahlametsang litumelo tsa bolumeli), mme likhohlano tse joalo li ka ama maikutlo a khatello a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (mohlala, litaba tse sa amaneng le batho ba bong bo fapaneng). Likamano tse joalo tse ka bang teng li bohlokoa ho tsotelloa ha ho hlahlojoa litlamorao tsa borapeli ho PPMI. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa hajoale tse bonts'ang pefo ho basali le ho ba le lihlooho tse tummeng tsa peto le likamano tsa botona le botšehali le mong ka motho ea haufi (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010;; O'Neil, 2018), na litaba tse joalo li lokela ho nkoa ha li hlahloba boitšoaro bo bobe? Ka bomalimabe, ba susumetsang le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso-tse amanang le litaba ha li kenyelelitsoe ka ho toba tseleng / mohlala. Re pheha khang hore lisosa tse lebisang litšoantšong tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ho sa tsotellehe ho itšoara hampe ka litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro le tsa bolumeli li ka 'na tsa e-ba tse rarahaneng le tse fapaneng ho feta tse hlahisoang

Lintlha tse ling tse hlokang hore ho hlahlojoa li ka kenyelletsa likarolo tse itseng tsa mecha le mekhoa ea motho ka mong. Mehlala ea mabaka a ipapisitsoeng le mecha ea phatlalatso, e boetse e hlalositsoe ka bokhutšoanyane ke Grubbs et al. (2018), li na le bokhoni ba ho tseba, ho se tsejoe, le ho fumaneha habonolo (enjene e tharo) joaloka tlhahiso ea Cooper (1998), le maikutlo a hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng li fana ka monyetla oa ho baleha ho seo e leng 'nete, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka mohlala oa ACE ke Young (2008). Lintho tse lebisang litšoantšong tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, le hoja tšebeliso e senya melao ea boitšoaro ea motho, e ka boela ea e-ba le litšobotsi tse ikhethang, tse kang tšusumetso ea thobalano (Stark et al., 2017). Liphihlelo tsa nakong e fetileng tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (mohlala, ho khotsofatsoa ke phihlelo le khotsofalo ea thobalano) (cf. Brand et al., 2016b), hape e ka eketsa menyetla ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (khafetsa), hobane boits'oaro ba tlhaho bo matlafatsa (cf.Georgiadis & Kringelbach, 2012).

Ntlha ea rona e ka sehloohong ke hore ho na le likamano tse ling pakeng tsa litsela tsena tse peli re lokelang ho nahana. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo ho tloha Grubbs et al. (2018) ba pheha khang ea hore ba ikemiselitse ho kenya letsoho ho "hlalosang ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lingoliloeng." Ho phaella moo, Grubbs et al. boemo: "Ho feta moo, ha re hlahloba ka tlaase mona, ho lemalla ho lemala (joalokaha ho nkoa e le ka pele ho lingoliloeng) hangata e ka 'na ea sebetsa e le moemeli bakeng sa pono e tloaelehileng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa mathata ka lebaka la maikutlo a boitšoaro bo bobebe."

Re lumellana le "ho lemalla ho lemala" eseng nako e loketseng mme e ka 'nang ea e-ba bothata haholo. Tšebeliso ea palo e feletseng ea CPUI-9 ho hlalosa "ho lemalla ho lemala" ha ho bonahala eka ho loketse hore li-subscales tse tharo li hlokomele ka ho feletseng lintlha tse fapaneng tsa ho lemala. Mohlala, takatso ea ho lemalla ha e hlalosoe ka litekanyo tse ngata / mefuta-futa (tsena li ka fapana ka bongata ka mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi; bona hape puisano ea litekanyo tsa boholo-holo / mekhoa e amanang le likarolo tsa CPUI-9 Fernandez et al., 2017), le likarolo tse ling tse amanang le lithethefatsi ha li nahane ka mokhoa o lekaneng (mohlala, ho kena-kenana le likamano, mosebetsi, sekolo). Lipotso tse ngata tsa CPUI-9, tse kang tse amanang le ho tsieleha maikutlong le tse tsoang litekanyetsong tse amanang le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro / tsa bolumeli, ha li kopane hantle le tse ling tse peli tse amanang le CPUI-9 tse amanang le ho qobella le ho fihlella (Grubbs et al. ,, 2015a). Ka lebaka lena, bafuputsi ba bang (mohlala, Fernandez et al., 2017) li boletse, "liphuputso tsa rona li belaella ho loketse ha Mahlomola a Maikutlo a Maikutlo e le karolo ea CPUI-9," haholo-holo kaha ke karolo ea Mahlomola a Maikutlo a sa bontšeng kamano le bongata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho feta moo, ho kenngoa ha lintho tsena ka tekanyo e hlalosang "ho lemalla ho lemalla" ho ka fokotsa liphuputso ho fokotsa monehelo ho nkoang o sebelisetsoa ho qobella le ho fokotsa monehelo oa khopolo ea boitšoaro e amohelehang (Grubbs et al., 2015a). Le hoja boitsebiso bona bo ka fana ka ts'ehetso ea ho arohana ha lintho tsena ho ba bang ka tekanyo (e ka 'nang ea e-ba tšehetso ea moelelo oa tlhahlobo), lintho li lebisa tlhokomelo feela ka ho kula, ho hlajoa ke lihlong kapa ho tepella maikutlong ha u sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Maikutlo ana a nyahamisang a bontša feela hore ho na le liphello tse mpe tse amanang le Inthanete-litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse sebelisoang, le tse amanang le likarolo tse itseng tsa litumelo tse itseng tsa bolumeli. Ho tlosa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le PPMI, ke habohlokoa hore u se ke ua nahana ka lehlakore la PPMI feela, empa hape ho na le likamano tse ka bang teng pakeng tsa mekhoa ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi kapa e sa sebelisetsoeng le ho kenya letsoho ho PPMI e le ho utloisisa hantle maemo a mabeli le hore na, arohile. Grubbs et al. (2018) ho phehisana (karolong e reng: "Ho thoe'ng ka tsela ea boraro?") hore ho ka 'na ha e-ba le tsela e eketsehileng ea mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e leng ho ka kopanngoa le "sepheo sa ho senya" le PPMI ka nako e le' ngoe. Re pheha khang ea hore motsoako oa litsela tsena ka bobeli e ka 'na ea se ke oa e-ba karolo ea boraro, empa mohlomong ho na le mekhoa e nang le mathata a "bobeli" a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka mantsoe a mang, re beha hore mekhoa e meng e amanang le lithethefatsi le lintho tse susumetsang li ka sebetsa ho pholletsa le PPMI le "tšebeliso e senyetsweng." Lintho tsena li ka ba teng le haeba nako e sebelisitsoeng ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ka fapana le ho hlahisa mahlomola kapa ts'oaetso ho PPMI le " ho sebelisoa hampe. "" Maemong a mabeli, "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ho feta kamoo li reretsoeng kateng, tse ka fella ka liphello tse mpe le mahlomola, 'me litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li tsoela pele ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe. Ts'ebeliso ea kelello e thehiloeng ts'ebetsong e joalo e ka tšoana, 'me e lokela ho batlisisoa ka lintlha tse qaqileng.

Litlhaloso ka Likamano Tse ka Sebetsang Pakeng tsa Litsela Tse peli Ho e-na le ho Buella Tsela ea Boraro

Ho na le lipotso tse ngata tse bohlokoa: Mokhoa oa PPMI ke ofe ka mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea kelello? Na batho ba tlalehang PPMI ba na le boikutlo ba ho laola mokhoa oa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (tsa bona kapa tse nyenyane) tsa bona? Na ba nahana hore ho thata ho hanela ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Na ba na le likhohlano pakeng tsa tšusumetso e phahameng ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka lehlakoreng le leng 'me ka nako e tšoanang boikutlo ba hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa li hanetsoe ka lebaka la litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro ka lehlakoreng le leng? Ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hantle hore na takatso le boikutlo ba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Brand et al. 2011; 'Metli oa mapolanka, Janssen, Graham, Vorst, & Wicherts, 2010;; Stark et al., 2015, 2017) ho batho ba nang le PPMI. Takatso le tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa, matla a ho susumetsa maikutlo le boits'oaro ha o sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa - mohlala, ho latela khopolo ea ts'usumetso le likhopolo tse peli tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Everitt & Robbins, 2016; Robinson le Berridge, 2000) - mme ka lebaka leo mathata a nang le boiphihlelo a ho laola ts'ebeliso, a ka tšoana le ho batho ba nang le PPMI le ho ba nang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi. Moelelong ona, taba ea bohlokoa ke ho lakatsa (bona kaholimo). Na batho ka bomong ba tlalehang boiphihlelo ba PPMI le takatso ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bophelong ba bona ba letsatsi le letsatsi? Na ba tšoarehile ka ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Na hangata ba nahana ka ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kapa ka hore na ba tlola melao ea bona ea boitšoaro bo litšila? Na ba na le maikutlo a mabe ha ba sena monyetla oa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Lipotso tsena li lokela ho arajoa lithutong tse tlang tsa PPMI molemong oa ho utloisisa hantle etiology ea ketsahalo ena. Ntle le moo, sehlooho se khahlisang sa ho khetholla pakeng tsa PPMI le ts'ebeliso e lemalloang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka ba litebello tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe bakeng sa mefuta e meng ea mathata a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, litloaelo tsa boits'oaro le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Borges, Lejuez, & Felton, 2018;; Taymur et al., 2016; Wegmann, Oberst, Stodt, & Brand, 2017; Xu, Turel, & Yuan, 2012). Na batho bao ho thoeng ba PPMI ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho qoba maikutlo a mabe kapa ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo ea letsatsi le letsatsi? Na ba lebelletse khotsofalo e matla (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004) e ke keng ea fihlelleha ka ketsahalo e ngoe? Na ho na le maemo a ikhethileng moo ba utloang ba sa khone ho laola tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Kraus, Rosenberg, Martino, Nich, & Potenza, 2017) esita le haeba e tlōla melao ea boitšoaro?

Likamano tse ka bang teng pakeng tsa litsela tsena tse peli li tla ba tse thahasellisang haholo 'me li ka susumetsa lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang. Bafuputsi ba ka senya matšoao a khethollang batho ba bang ba ikutloang ba lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ba nang le PPMI ka ho latellana, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho ka etsahala hore ho be le phapang pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro-sebelisa bongata kapa hangata.

Likamano tse khonehang pakeng tsa litsela tse peli e ka ba tse latelang:

  • Khohlano pakeng tsa takatso le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro ha re thulana le litlhaselo tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa

  • Khohlano pakeng tsa mekhoa ea ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela thepa le ho lakatsa

  • Khohlano pakeng tsa maikutlo a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro

  • Khohlano pakeng tsa mokhoa oa ho sebetsana ka katleho le mekhoa ea ho thibela ho thibela maruo

  • Khohlano pakeng tsa ho etsa liqeto mabapi le meputso ea nakoana (ho khotsofatsoa ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) le liphello tsa nako e telele ho nahanisisa ka litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro

  • Maikutlo a ho hlajoa ke lihlong le ho ikutloa a le molato ka mor'a ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e leng se ka etsang hore maikutlo a nyahamisang a boleloe 'me a ka' na a eketsa menyetla ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hape e le ho sebetsana ka katleho le maikutlo a nyahamisang le maikutlo a tsieleho

Re pheha khang hore ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka litšebelisano tsena tse ka khonehang tsa mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa mekhoa e mengata ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Sena se ka boela sa thusa ho senya mekhoa e khethehileng le e tloaelehileng mefuteng e hlahisoang. Liphuputso tsa nakong e tlang li ka rua molemo ka pono e mengata ea ho lumellana ho e-na le ho latela lipatlisiso tse peli tse tšoanang tse bontšang orthogonality ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Litlhaloso mabapi le Clinical Implications

Grubbs et al. (2018): "Ho sa tsotellehe hore na motho o hlile o na le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso (mohlala, ho lemala) kapa PPMI, rea lumela hore litlhaloso tsa meriana ea bophelo bo botle li ka amahanngoa le bohloko ba maikutlo, khatello ea kelello le liphello tsa bohlokoa tsa batho. Ke ka lebaka leo re tsoelang pele mokhoa oa rona oa PPMI e le mokhoa o mong oa ho lemoha ho thusa ho hlakisa hore na tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo ea meriana e lokela ho ba eng. "Re lumellana le maikutlo a hore maemo a mabeli (le a mang) a tšoaneloa ke tlhokomelo ea lingaka haeba batho ba batlang phihlelo ea kalafo sebetsa ho holofala kapa mahlomola. Ka ho toba, joalokaha bafuputsi ba bang ba boletse pele (Fernandez et al., 2017), ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka lintlha tse ling tsa kliniki ho kopanyelletsa le tse amanang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba boitšoaro. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa ho khetholla lik'hemik'hale tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le PPMI, kutloisiso e molemo ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng le e fapaneng ea liketsahalo tsena ka bobeli ke ea bohlokoa. Re tsoela pele ho pheha khang ea hore mekhoa e mengata ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisoa e ka 'na ea e-ba tlas'a khatello ea kelello, tšebeliso e qobelloang, le lintho tse ling tseo batho ba nang le tsona' me kahoo ba lokela ho tšoaroa ka bomong.

Grubbs et al. (2018) e re: "Ka bokhutšoanyane, re beha hore PPMI ke mathata a nnete a nang le litlamorao tsa 'nete tsa kelello, empa hore etiology ea mathata ao e fapane le temallo ea' nete. Maemong a bongaka, ho khona ho khetholla pakeng tsa mefuta ena ea mahlale ho bohlokoa. " Joalokaha ho boletsoe kaholimo, re lumellana le maikutlo a hore likarolo ka bobeli-PPMI le ts'ebeliso e sa sebetsoeng-li lokeloa ke tlhokomelo maemong a bongaka. Re rata ho totobatsa ntlha ena ha re ntse re lumela hore maikutlo a hlahisitsoeng ke Grubbs et al. ha ea lokela ho tolokoa e le ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho batho ka bomong le ts'ebetsong ea bona. Ka mantsoe a mang, re lumela ka tieo hore mofuta oa PPMI ha oa lokela ho sebelisoa ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea ts'ebeliso ea mathata a litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro litlhahisong tsa eona tse fapaneng kapa ho fihlela qeto ea hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho batho ba nang le PPMI e reriloeng ha ho na molato, ho itšoara hampe kapa ho seng joalo . Leha ho le joalo, ho ka etsahala hore lits'ebetso tsa nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le PPMI li fapane hofeta kamoo Grubbs et al. mme ho kanna ha ba le ho tšoana kapa mohlomong tšebelisano 'moho ho fapana le mekhoa e hlophisitsoeng e hlalosang khatello ea kelello. Hape hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore khatello ea maikutlo e ka fetoha ha ho bapisoa le mekhahlelo ea lithethefatsi le hore mofuta ona o lokela ho lekoa ho batho ba bangata ba kliniki (mohlala, ho batla kalafo ka mafolofolo le ho tlosoa), ho fanoe ka maemo a fapaneng a kutloisiso a amanang le khatello le tšusumetso. Hoa utloahala hore mekhoa e metle ea ts'ebeliso e tlamang / e lemalloang le khatello ea maikutlo li arolelana ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'usumetso, tšusumetso le kutloisiso. Re lumela hore ho na le lipotso tse bulehileng tse amanang le etiology le kalafo ea ts'ebeliso e qobelloang / e lemalloang kapa e sithabetsang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le lintlha tsa kutloisiso ho feta tse hapuoeng ke CPUI-9 mme li ithutiloe ho fihlela joale lia hlokahala ho ntšetsa pele lipatlisiso le ts'ebetso ea bongaka. Ts'ebetsong ena, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka likarolo tse ngata tsa nehelano, ho kenyeletsoa le litšusumetso tsa ho batla kalafo, tšusumetso ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lipheo tsa kalafo. Maemong a mang, ho kanna ha utloahala ho sebelisa mekhoa ea Therapy ea Amohelo le Boitlamo, joalo ka ha ho khothalelitsoe ke Grubbs et al. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a mang, phetoho ea boits'oaro le mekhoa e meng ea kalafo ea boits'oaro e ka ba molemo haeba sepheo sa moreki e le ho sebetsana ka katleho le litakatso le litakatso tsa hae tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boits'oaro ba hae, taolo ea thibelo, le litebello tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Potenza, Sofuoglu, Carroll, le Rounsaville, 2011). Lintho tse ngata li lokela ho tsotelloa ha batho ba nang le mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba batla kalafo (Kraus, Martino, & Potenza, 2016). Ka lebaka leo, likarolo tse ngata-boitšoaro bo hlephileng le mekhoa ea mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi, tse kang ho lakatsa, ho thibela ho thibela ho etsa liqeto-ho lokela ho nkoa ka botlalo ha ho hlahlojoa mathata a batho ka amanang le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e sebelisoang ho fana ka phekolo e nepahetseng.

Notes

Tumellanong le Melao-motheo ea Boits'oaro

Khohlano ea thahasello

Bangoli ba bolela hore ha ba na likhohlano tsa thahasello. Dr. Brand o fumane chelete (ho ea Univesithing ea Duisburg-Essen) ho tsoa ho Jeremane Research Foundation (DFG), Lefapha la Lekala la Jeremane la Phuputso le Thuto, Lekala la Lekala la Jeremane la Bophelo, le European Union. Dr. Brand o entse litlhahlobo tsa lithuso bakeng sa mekhatlo e mengata; e hlophisitse likarolo tsa koranta le lihlooho; e fane ka lipuo tsa thuto lithutong tsa bongaka; mme e hlahisitse libuka kapa likhaolo tsa libuka bakeng sa bahoeletsi ba litemana tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello Dr. Potenza o buisitse le ho eletsa Rivermend Health, Opiant / Lakelight Therapeutics, le Jazz Pharmaceuticals; o ile a fumana tšehetso ea lipatlisiso (ho ea Yale) ho tloha Mohegan Sun Casino le Setsi sa Sechaba sa Gaming e ikarabellang; ba buiselitse kapa ba eletsa mekhatlo ea molao le ea papali ea chelete litabeng tse amanang le ho laola maikutlo le boitšoaro bo hlephileng; ho fana ka tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo ea litšebeletso tse amanang le ho laola maikutlo le boitšoaro bo hlephileng; o entse litlhahlobo tsa lichelete; likoranta tse hatisitsoeng / likarolo tsa likarolo; ho fanoa ka lipuo tsa thuto lithutong tse kholo, liketsahalo tsa CME, le libaka tse ling tsa bongaka; mme a hlahisa libuka kapa likhaolo bakeng sa bahoeletsi ba litemana tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello

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