Tlhahlobo ea thobalano ka litoeba tsa basali: mekhoa ea cellular le liphello tse sebetsang (2006)

Resin ea Boko. 2006 Dec 18; 1126 (1): 56-65. Epub 2006 Sep 15.

Meisel RL, Mullins AJ.

mohloli o moholo

Lefapha la Saense ea Psychological, Univesithi ea Purdue, 703 Seterata sa Boraro, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. [imeile e sirelelitsoe]

inahaneloang

Neurobiology ea boitšoaro ba basali ba thobalano e shebile haholo lits'ebetsong tsa tšebetso ea li-hormone liseleng tsa methapo le hore na litlamorao tsena li fetolela joang ponts'ong ea lipampiri tsa makoloi a kopaneng. Bohlokoa ka ho lekana, leha ho sa ithutoe hanyane, ke tse ling tsa litlamorao tsa ho etsa thobalano, ho kenyelletsa le meputso e metle ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali le kamoo boiphihlelo ba thobalano bo fetisang katleho e kholo. Tlhahlobo ena e akaretsa litlamorao tsa boiphihlelo ba thobalano ho mekhoa ea moputso le ho kopitsa ho li-hamsters tsa basali tsa Syria. NLITLHAKU TSA KHOTSO tsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali li kenyelletsa phetoho ea cellular ea nako e telele ho phetisetso ea dopamine le lits'oaetso tsa signynaptic signaling tse amanang le neuronal plasticity (mohlala, sebopeho sa dendritic spine). Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphuputso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore boiphihlelo ba thobalano bo ntlafatsa thepa e matlafatsang ea boitšoaro ba thobalano, e nang le sephetho se kopanetsoeng sa ho eketsa katleho ea bokopitsi ka tsela e ka eketsang katleho ea pelehi.

Keywords: Copopha, sensitization, dopamine, li-nucleus tse bokellanang, lipontšo, polasetiki

1. Selelekela

"Hobaneng ha liphoofolo li ratana?" Ke potso e bonolo e fumanehang pelong ea basali ka thobalano. Ha ho potso ea boits'oaro e nang le karabo e bonolo, kaha ho na le lisosa tsa botsitso le litakatso tsa boitšoaro bo phahamisang lipotso tsa bona ebile ba na le likarabo tsa bona. Mohlomong karabo e atileng haholo potsong eo ke "Ho hlahisa bana". Sena e kanna ea ba karabo maemong a hlahang ka boits'oaro bo bobe, empa leha ho le joalo, karabo e joalo ha ho na phoso [2]. Agmo [2] e fana ka lintlha ho tsoa ho liSweden tse bonts'ang hore ke feela 0.1% ea (mohlomong) lipapatso tsa bong bo fapaneng li hlahisang bana. Le har'a mefuta e kang likhoto, eo liperesente tse ngata li ka bang le bana, khokahano e joalo ha e bolele hore moimana ke ntho ea bohlokoa. e lebeletsoe sephetho sa ho kopitsoa.

Karabo e le 'ngoe ea potso ea hore na ke hobaneng ha liphoofolo e le pono e hlakileng ea boitšoaro ba basali ba thobalano e le karabelo e emisang maikutlo ea tlhaho e kopantsoeng le tlhoko ea monna ea nang le bokhoni ba ho ikatisa. Patlisiso e joalo ea "neurobiology" ea boitšoaro ba basali ba thobalano e ne e thehiloe tlhokomelong ea hore tatellano ea tlhahiso ea li-ovari e hlahisang boemo bo hlokahalang bakeng sa basali ho arabela ka thobalano ho monna e ntseng a hola [70]. Bakeng sa litoeba, matsatsi a 'maloa a ho pepesoa hoa estradiol a lateloa ke ts'ebetso ea nakoana ea progesterone e hlophisang ovulation le karabelo ea thobalano ho basali ba tlhaho ba libaesekele [22]. Taba-kholo e ileng ea latela e ne e le hore ho khetholla libaka tsa boko tse nang le li-receptor tsa estradiol le progesterone li tla fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlakisa litsela tsa neural tse laolang boitšoaro ba basali ba thobalano [70]. Ho feta moo, liketso tsa lihormone tsena tsa steroid liseleng tsa methapo ea kutlo li tla fana ka leseli ho mekhoa ea lisele le ea limolek'hule tse buellang polelo ea karabelo ea basali ho tsa thobalano [71]. Ha ho na pelaelo hore mokhoa ona oa mananeo a thutong ea boitšoaro ba basali ba thobalano o atlehile haholo, 'me lintlha tsa neurobiology tsena mabapi le potoloho ea methapo, neurochemistry le gene li thehiloe hantle [mohlala, 6,71].

Ho ntse ho le joalo, ho na le ntlha e 'ngoe e laolang neurobiology ea boitšoaro ba thobalano e amehang ka litlamorao tsa nako e telele le tsa nako e telele tsa likamano tsa thobalano, ke hore, taolo e susumetsang ea boitšoaro ba thobalano le litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea polasetiki ea neural e tlasa tsamaiso ena. Neurobiology ena e hlahlobiloe bakeng sa ba batona, haholo-holo likhoto tsa banna [2]. Morero oa nehelano ena ke ho hlahloba liphetoho tse joalo tsa polasetiki ho basali, ho tsepamisa maikutlo mosebetsing oa rona le li-hamsters tsa basali tsa Syria. Ho tsoa mosebetsing ona, ho hlakile hore le ha litlamorao tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano e ka ba ho tsoala, sepheo sa ts'ebetso ke ho kenya tšebetsong mekhoa e susumetsang eo ha e le hantle e tsamaisang boitšoaro.

2. Litholoana tsa boiphihlelo litšoantšong tsa boitšoaro ba basali ba botona le botšehali

Mefuta e 'meli e fanang ka phapang e ntle mabapi le hore na tikoloho ea tikoloho e kenya letsoho joang lipapatsong tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano ke litoeba tsa Norway le hamsters ea Syria. Mefuta ka bobeli e phela ka mekhoa ea burrow. Ka har'a moqomo oo, likhoto li na le mekhatlo e rarahaneng ea sechaba e entsoeng ka meloko e mengata ea banna le basali.3], athe li-hamsters tsa batho ba baholo (ba batona le ba batšehali) ba lula ka thoko ho a le mang moqomo [26].

Tsamaiso ea bophelo ea likhoto e ikarabela ho ba batona le ba batšehali ba bangata ka nako e tšoanang [51]. Leha thipa ena e bonahala e le pherekano, likhoto tsa basali li khona ho laola mokhoa oa likamano tsa botona le botšehali ho kenyeletsa le ho etsa qeto ea hore na ke monna ofe ea tla kenyelletsa kemiso ena nakong ea ts'ebetso ena e mengata ea monna.51]. Kahoo, likhoto tsa basali ke karolo e sebetsang ho tlohellana mme li fana ka mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho laola mokhoa oa likamano tsa thobalano, ho kenyelletsa khetho ea molekane.

Karolo ea ho kopa basali ea boitšoaro ba thobalano le basali e fana ka bopaki bo hlakileng ba tsela eo basali ba ka laolang likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse amanang le thobalano le ba batona. Ha likhoto tsa banna li atamela mosali e motšehali, e tšehali e tla arabela ka mokhoa o tiileng o nang le maoto a tiileng moo e tla tlolaka sebakeng sa eona (ke hore, ho tlola) kapa ho itsamaisa (ke hore, ho tlolela) hole le e tona [20,49]. Lits'oants'o tsena, hammoho le ho baleha tse tona, li thibela e tona ho phahamisa mosali ho fihlela e emisa mme e lumella mohokahanyi o kopanetsoeng [49]. Hoa thahasellisa hore tse tšehali li lumelle tse tona ho hola hape kamora ho hloa thaba ntle le ho kenella ho feta ha e tšehali e amohela ente [20,50]. Molao ona oa boitšoaro bo kopantsoeng ba banna ke likhoto tsa basali o reoa "pacing" mme o na le litlamorao tse hlakileng tsa ho phatloha le ho ba le thollo [20,21]. Boitšoaro ba pelehi ba ho kena liphoofolong tsa basali bo nkoa bo le ka tlasa taolo ea li-dopamine tsa nucleus [4,28,29,32,33,58,84]. Bokantle, mokhoa o rarahaneng oa ho nka sebaka sa likhoto tsa basali o bontša boitšoaro bo ka fetoloang ke boiphihlelo. Lintlha tse fumanehang tse fumanehang, leha ho le joalo, li fana ka maikutlo a fapaneng [19] le sephetho se atileng [20ke hore "… ho nka sebaka ke ntho e tsitsitseng le e tsoetsoeng e le karabelo ea botona le botšehali ho mosali" (leq. 482).

Ka lebaka la boteng ba bona ba boinotšing, li-hamsters tsa basali li na le mokhoa o fapaneng haholo oa ho tlolelana le bona, tlhahisoleseling e fumanoeng lithutong tsa laboratori [mohlala, 46], ho fapana le tlhaiso ea tlhaho. Li-hamsters tsa basali (hammoho le tse tona) li kenya li-occlusions ka kotopong e kholo e lebisang tsamaisong ea burrow [26]. Petsana e tšehali e bokella banna ho ea mohloling ka ho bula phoofolo eo le ho beha monko o monko o monate o lebisang monyakong o lebelletse ho qala ha boitšoaro ba hae bo botle.46]. Ha ho tsejoe hore na ho na le khetho ea balekane ke basali ba batšehali kapa hore na khetho e joalo ea molekane e ka etsoa joang naheng. Hang ha e tona e hlophisitsoe ka mohoma, e tona le e tšehali li lula hammoho ho fihlela mosali a fihlela boemo ba hae ba botona le ho nyopa ho qalisoa.46]. Kamora hore e ts'oaroe e tona e lelekoe ho mosali oa eona [46].

Boitšoaro bo bobe ba botšehali ba mosali oa hamster bo fapana ka ho fetellana ka matla le ba batona nakong ea boitšoaro ba thobalano ho likhoto tsa basali. Li-hamsters tsa basali li potlakela ho nka boemo bo thata bo tsamaeang le Lordosis, setulo se ka ts'oaroang bakeng sa 95% ea tlhahlobo ea 10 min [15]. Ha tšehali li ntse li boloka boemo bona, tse tona li tla nyoloha le / kapa li nyoloha ka ho kenella ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka lebelo la hae. Qeto e neng e bonahala e bonahala pepeneneng ke hore li-hamsters tsa basali, ho fapana le likhoto tsa basali, ha li potlake ho etsa thobalano ea monna.

Leha ho na le ponahalo ea ho se khone ho sebetsa hantle, li-hamsters tsa basali ha e le hantle li na le seabo ho kopanong le ba batona [46]. Noble [62] o hlokometse pele hore li-hamsters tsa basali li etsa metsamao e sebetsang ea pinavaginal ho tsoa ho monna ea bitsoang hamster, mme e tšehali e tsamaisa perineum ea eona moo e eang teng. E tšehali e tsamaisa botšehali ba eona moo e kopanang le mepopotlo ea monna hore e tsamaise ho kenella kahare ho monna62]. Ha e le hantle, ts'ebeliso ea sehlahisoa se thethefatsang sefahleho ka hara semmuso sa hamster ea basali e fokotsa haholo bokhoni ba Hamster ba monna ba ho fihlela ho kenngoa ha penile [63].

Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, likhoto tsa basali le li-hamsters li fapana ka tsela eo li shebahalang ka eona ho laola liphatsa tsa tsona. Phapang lipakeng tsa likhoto tsa basali le lihamore e matsohong a bokhoni ba liphoofolo tsena tsa ho tsamaisa likhama tse tona. Lipale tsa basali li ka khetha hore na e motona e tla nyoloha kapa che. Li-hamsters tse tšehali ha li laolo ea litheko tse batona ke monna, empa li ka ba le tšusumetso ea hore na e motona e tla kenella kapa e atlehile boitekong bo itseng. Ha ho le joalo, ho ipapisa le likhoto ho ka bonoa habonolo, athe ho thata haholo ho hlakola motsamao oa phello ea li-hamsters tsa basali nakong ea ho hola. E le tharollo, re nkile mokhoa o sa tobang oa ho lekola karolo ea mosali oa hamster ho laola ho kenella ha setho sa monna. Re na le lebaka la hore haeba palo ea likhakanyo tse tšehali e tšetsoeng ke mosali e tsejoa ke e motona, empa litheko tse kenang ka ho kenella li lekanyelitsoe ke boitšoaro ba mosali, joale liperesente tsa litefiso tse kenyelletsang ho kenella (ka har'a lingoliloeng tse bitsoang 'hit rate') li hlile li teng tekanyo e itšetlehileng ka matla boits'oarong ba mosali.

Ho leka tlhahiso ena, re ile ra hlahloba li-hamsters tsa basali bao e neng e le batho ba hlokang thobalano kapa ba batšehali ba kileng ba amohela 6 beke le beke, likamano tsa botona le botšehali tsa 10 nakong ea thobalano le ba batona [8]. Joale re tlohella mosali e mong le e mong ea nang le monna e mong ea sa kopaneleng ho tsa thobalano mme a tlalehe boitšoaro bo bobe. Tse tona tse pentiloeng le tse tšehali tse nang le bohlola li na le sekhahla se phahameng (lipalo tse phahameng tsa litheko tse tsoang ka bongata) ho feta tse batiloeng ke ba batona ba lekiloeng le basali ba batšehali (Feie. 1). Ho feta moo, phapang e ts'oanang ea tekanyo ea ho otla e ile ea bonoa hore na basali ba ile ba lekoa libeke tsa 1 kapa 6 kamora liteko tsa bona tsa ho qetela tsa teko ea thobalano, ho fana ka maikutlo a karabelo e tsitsitseng ea ho ithuta.

Setšoantšo sa 1  

Li-hamsters tsa basali li ile tsa lekoa bakeng sa boitšoaro ba thobalano le monna oa thobalano ea naïve ebang ke 1, 3 kapa 6 libeke kamora liteko tsa bona tsa ho qetela tsa boiphihlelo. Sekhahla sa tekanyo (karolo ea litheko li fihla sehlohlolong) ...

Teko e 'ngoe e tlatselletsang ea dopamine ka litlamorao tsa boiphihlelo ba botšehali ba botšehali ho ts'ebetsong e kopaneng ea monna [8]. Dopamine neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, e ile ea kenngoa khubung ea basal, ho kenyelletsa le li-bokono tsa nucleus tsa li-hamsters tsa basali pele a amohela boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Ba batona ba Naive ba lekoa le basali bana ha baa ka ba bonts'a boemo bo holimo ba tšobotsi ea ho tlolelana le basali ba nang le boiphihlelo (Setšoantšo sa 2). Kameho ea "dopamine neurotoxin" mabapi le ho etsa thobalano e ne e ikhethile ho nyoloheng ha sekhahla sa litheko tse amanang le boiphihlelo ba thobalano, kaha ho ne ho sena phello ea liso tsena ho boits'oaro ba basali le basali ba se nang boiphihlelo.

Setšoantšo sa 2  

Litlhaselo tsa "dopamine neurotoxin", 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), sebakeng sa li-bokellase tsa nucleus pele ho boiphihlelo ba botona le botšehali li felisitse phello ea boiphihlelo ba botona ba botšehali ba hamster. ...

3. Boiphihlelo ba thobalano bo na le litlamorao tse khotsofatsang ho basali

Ho etsa thobalano khafetsa le banna ho boetse ho hlahisa litlamorao tsa nako e telele ho mosali boemong ba moputso. Sebaka se khethiloeng sa sebaka [14] e bile mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho sibolla likarolo tse matlafatsang tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano. Paleteng ena, likamano tsa khafetsa tsa thobalano le monna li amana le karolo e le 'ngoe ea kamore e mengata. Ka linako tse tšoanang, mosali o beoa a le mong ka phapusing e ts'oanang empa e khethollehileng. Pele le ka mor'a liteko tsena tse fanang ka maemo, mosali o fuoa monyetla oa ho hlahloba lisebelisoa (a le sieo ke monna) ho lekanya hore na mosali o qeta nako e kae kamoreng e amanang le ho kopitsa. Ho sebetsana le monna ke hona ho hlalosoang e le ho tiisa ha mosali a qeta nako e ngata kamoreng e amanang le ho nyalanya kamora liteko tsa boitsoaro ba thobalano.

Liphetho tse hlakileng (le ha mohlomong li sa makatse) tsa lithuto tsena ho likhoto tsa basali [mohlala, 65,69] le hamsters [56] ke hore likamano tsa botona le botšehali lia tiisa. Litlhokahalo tsa ts'usumetso bakeng sa boemo bona hore li etsahale li ne li sa hlaka. Bakeng sa litoeba kapa li-hamsters ha se pontšo e bonolo ea Lordosis nakong ea liteko tsa ho ruruha e lekaneng ho etsa khetho ea sebaka se lumellanang. Joalokaha ho hlokometsoe, likhoto tsa basali li na le likamano tse ratehang tsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali le monna e ntseng e hola tse nang le litlamorao tsa neuroendocrine tse amanang le ho tsofala le ho tsoala. Ho lumella likhoto tsa basali ho potlaka ka nako eo li e ratang, hoa hlokahala bakeng sa ho fumana sebaka se ratoang, hobane likamano tsa botona le botšehali moo mosali a sa potlakeloeng a sa hlahise boemo [25,27,34,67,68]. Mokhoa oa nakoana mona o bohlokoa, leha ho le joalo e se taolo ea ho beha sebaka, kaha ho laola sebaka ka ho tlosa le ho hlahisa monna nakong ea thatohatsi ea mosali ho tla lebisa hape ho behelleng maemo34].

Li-hamsters tsa basali ha li na tlhoko ea nakoana ea ho tlolelana le liphoofolo [42], leha li bonts'a sebaka se ikhethileng sa ho ikatisa [56]. Tsela e 'ngoe moo bohlokoa ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali ba monna e le teko ea maemo a khethiloeng sebakeng sa basali e ne e le ho bapisa katleho ea litšebelisano tse tloaelehileng tsa thobalano le likamano tsa botona le botšehali moo ho kenella ka hare ho monna ka thobalano ho neng ho thibeletsoe ke ho senya setho sa botšehali.39]. Mona, maemo a khetholloang a ne a bonahala ho sa tsotelloe hore na mosali o amohela ts'usumetso ea setho sa botšehali nakong ea liteko tsa boemo ba thobalano. Sephetho sena sa teko se bonahala se tlola tlhokomeliso ea hore mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ts'ebetso ea setho sa botšehali o thibela ho phahama hoa li-dopamine tsa nako ea thobalano le monna:40]. Leha ho le joalo, tse tšehali li ne li se na tsebo ea letho ka thobalano thutong eo ea maqhubu. Ho ka bonahala eka bongata ba thepa ea maikutlo e bokellane nakong ea boiphihlelo ba thobalano, mohlala nakong ea liteko tsa boemo ba preference paradigm [39], e holisa tšusumetso ea maikutlo e tlatsetsang moputsong oa thobalano ho tsoa karolo e lekantsoeng ea ho tsosa takatso ea botšehali ho basali ba batšehali ba hlokang thobalano [40].

Ho bile le lipatlisiso tse nyane tsa li-system tsa neurotransmitter tse arolelanang maemo a khethollo ea likamano tsa thobalano. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, antagonizing opioid neurotransication ka ho phekola likhoto tsa basali ka naloxone pele ho likamano tsa thobalano e felisitse maemo a khethollo. [68]. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithuto tse 'maloa tse sebelisang bahanyetsi ba dopamine receptor li hlahisitse litholoana tse fapaneng. Metsi a batang a basali a nang le dopamine D2 receptor antagonists [57] e thibetse ho fumana sebaka se nang le maemo a khethang litšebelisanong tsa thobalano (Feie. 3). Phuputso e tšoanang ho likhoto ha e hlahise letho [30].

Setšoantšo sa 3  

Li-coupings tse phetoang khafetsa tse kopantsoeng le karolo e bohlooho ka har'a lisebelisoa tse fumanehang (CPP) li felletse ka hore li-hamsters tsa basali li qete nako e ngata kamoreng eo ka ho se kopane ...

4. Neurotransmitter le cellular ea cellular e latelang boiphihlelo ba botona le botšehali ho basali

Ho na le moetlo o ruileng oa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mekhoa ea ho supa li-dopamine kaha li amana le likarolo tsa boitšoaro bo susumetsoang le tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi [mohlala, 60]. Ha re tsoa ho lingoliloeng tseo, re ile ra hlahloba menyetla ea hore boiphihlelo ba thobalano bo ka ama dopamine neurotransication tseleng ea mesolimbic le hore polasetiki ka har'a sistimi eo e ne e le motheo oa litlamorao tsa boits'oaro ba thobalano, mohlala, liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea kopolo le moputso. Ka har'a sistamine ea mesolimbic dopamine ho na le bopaki ka bobeli ba ts'ebetso nakong ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali tsa basali, hammoho le litlamorao tsa nako e telele ho polasetiki ea sebopeho le neurochemical. Teko ea pele ea microsalalization e bonts'itse hore maemo a dopamine a tsoang kantle ho bokopa a bokellaneng ba tšehali a phahamisitsoe nakong ea ho hola [55,58]. Bakeng sa likhoto tsa basali, ho lokolloa ha dopamine ho ne ho ameha haholo litšebelisanong tsa pelehi tsa monna le banna.4,33,58], le bakeng sa (bonyane li-naires tsa ho kopanela liphate) li-hamsters tsa basali, bophahamo ba dopamine bo ne bo its'etleha ho tsusumetso ea botšehali e fumanoeng nakong ea ho nyaloa [40]. Ika tlhahlobo-leseling e latelang re nkile mokhoa o fapaneng hanyane, joale a lekanya dopamine ea extracellular ka har'a li-nucleus tse bokellaneng nakong ea ho nyalana ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali tsa basali kapa tsa basali tse bileng le boiphihlelo ba thobalano pele ho teko [38]. Boiphihlelo ba thobalano bo hlahisitse keketseho e fetelletseng ea dopamine ea extracellular e neng e phehella nakong eohle ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali le monna, ha e bapisoa le maemo a dopamine ka hara basali ba botona le botšehali. (Setšoantšo sa 4). Mohlomong karabelo e eketsehang ea dopamine ho basali ba nang le boiphihlelo e bontša mofuta o matlafatsang oa tlhalo-khang eo basali ba hamsters ba arabelang ka lebaka la boiphihlelo boo.

Setšoantšo sa 4  

Li-hamsters tse nang le boiphihlelo ba botona kapa botšehali (Tlhaho) kapa tse se nang boiphihlelo (Ha ho na Tlhahlobo) li ile tsa kenngoa ka li-Microbal Testes ka har'a li-nucleus tsa li-nucleus mme tse tšehali li behiloe le e tona bakeng sa 1 hr. Mehlala e ile ea nkuoa ...

Ho phahamisoa ha dopamine ho lokolloe hoa li-hamsters tsa basali tse nang le boiphihlelo ho re hopotsa litlamorao tsa ho pepesehela liphoofolo khafetsa lithethefatsing tsa tlhekefetso [75]. Ka har'a lingoliloeng tsena, tekanyo e phahameng ea dopamine ho arabela tekanyetso ea lithethefatsi e bitsoa "sensitization" [75]. Matla a maikutlo a lithethefatsi a tsamaisana le likarabo tse fapaneng tsa cellular tse nahanoang ho matlafatsa katleho ea synaptic le phallo ea tlhahisoleseling tseleng ea mesolimbic [74].

Ontlha ea ho kena mochining oo boits'oaro ba boits'oaro bo ka fetolang boteng ba neuronal bo maemong a li-synapses. Mokhoa o sa tobang oa potso ena o nkuoe ka ho lekanya liphetoho tsa dendritic ho li-striatal (ho kenyelletsa le li-neurus tsa "nucleus" ho arabela taolong ea lithethefatsi kapa ho latela boiphihlelo ba boits'oaro. Tsamaiso e pheta-phetoang ea lintho tse fapaneng tse hlekefelitsoeng tse nang le li-profiles tse fapaneng tsa pharmacological e tla eketsa bolelele ba dendritic le / kapa methapo ea mokokotlo makaleng a dendritic a methapo ea methapo e bohareng [13,23,44,45,64,76,77,78]. Mehlala e fokolang haholo e teng bakeng sa boiphihlelo ba boitšoaro bo hlahisang litlamorao tse tšoanang le tsa dendrites, leha ho le joalo ho kenyelletsa takatso ea letsoai [79], boitšoaro ba monna bo amanang le thobalano [24] le boitšoaro ba basali ba botona le botšehali [59] e tla fetola dendritic morphology ho li-spiny neurons tse mahareng tsa li-nucleus tse bokellaneng.

Boiphihlelo ba botona le botšehali ho li-hamsters tsa basali li bile le tšusumetso e arohaneng ho dendritic spineensens [59] ho latela sebaka se hlahlojoang (Feie. 5). Ka teko ena, li-hamsters tsa basali li fuoe paradigm ea rona ea mantlha ea libeke tsa 6 tsa bootsoa kapa ba lula ba le boiqapelo ka bohlola [38]. Ho 7th bekeng, basali bohle ba ile ba fuoa mofuta oa estradiol le primerone priming primen mme ba etsoa sehlabelo ka 4 hr ka mora ente ea progesterone. Ho ile ha hlahlojoa li-brains bakeng sa lits'oants'o tsa Golgi le li-240 sm tse hlahlojoang. Li-spine li ne li baloa ho tsoa makaleng a dendritic a li-neuron tsa "pyramidal neurons" tsa "methapo ea methapo" ea methapo (katiba) le "katiba" ea "katiba" ea methapo. Ka har'a metso e bohareng ea li-nucleus tse bokellaneng, "dendritic spine density (e tloaetsoeng ho 10 μm ea bolelele ba dendritic) e ne e phahame ho batho ba nang le thobalano ho feta ho basali ba botona le botšehali. Khokahano e fumanoe ho li-dendrites tsa apical V tsa neuron tsa preortalal cortex. Ho ne ho se na liphapang tsa sehlopha sa methapo ea lesapo la mokokotlo ka har'a li-spiny neurons tsa caudate. Re fetolela liphapang tsena ho letsoalo la lesapo la mokokotlo joalo ka ho bontša polasetiki ho li-neurotransication tse thabisang ho li-neuron tse arabelang ka dopaminergic [37].

Setšoantšo sa 5  

Mefuta ea lesapo la mokokotlo (e tšoanang le e 'ngoe ka 10 werem) e ne e lekantsoe ho "dendrites" ea methapo ea methapo (mehlala ea lits'oantso tsa Golgi e hlahisoa ka har'a phanele e nepahetseng) ho tsoa cortex ea pele. ...

Haeba re nka polasetiki e le sesupo sa boitšoaro ba thobalano, re ka inahanela feela liketsahalo tse ngata tse bakiloeng ke ho etsa thobalano khafetsa. Ka mantsoe a mang, mohopolo o lokela ho ba lihlopheng tse peli tsa likarabo tse bontšitsoeng ke kalafo ka lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso [36], ke hore, karabelo e fetelletseng ea boitšoaro ba thobalano le likarabo tse fetotsoeng tsa selula ha ho sa sebetsoe ka tsa thobalano. Liketsahalo tse reriloeng tsa ho saena li bonts'oa Feie. 6. Tlhahiso ena ha se buka e ncha kapa e sa fetoheng, joalo ka ha ho etsoa li-dendritic polasetiki tse tsoang li susumetsoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng le lihormone tsa steroid [54], lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso [61], kapa bokhoni ba nako e telele [1] kaofela li kenyelletsa liketsahalo tse bonts'itsoeng. Ke hobane litsela tsena li emeloe hantle mehlaleng e fapaneng ea neural plasticity hoo ho nang le monyetla oa hore joalo ka ha likheo li tlatsitsoe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho tla ba joalo ka litlamorao tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano ho li-nucleus accumbens.

Setšoantšo sa 6  

Sekema sa Schematic ea mekhoa e meng e bonts'ang e ka kenyang liphetoho lipakeng tsa nako e telele e le tšebetso ea boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Tlhahlobo ea rona ea microarray [7] e supa likarolo tse 'maloa ho tsena ...

Mokhoa oa ho sibolla, o sebelisa li-genarrara [7], hammoho le mekhoa ea liteko e se e qalile ho netefatsa tšebetso e fetotsoeng kapa polelo ea protheine lintlheng tse ngata litseleng tsena tse hlahisitsoeng ke boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Lintho tse ngotsoeng li bontša liketsahalo tse ngata tsa limolek'hule tse ka amang sebopeho sa dendritic tse lebisang ho polasetiki ea nako e telele [5,17,52]. Maemo a mabeli a c-Fos le FosB a ile a hlahlojoa ho latela boiphihlelo ba botona le botšehali le ho ruruha ka lih hamer tsa basali tsa Syria. Kamora ho ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehali le monna, ho tlosoa ka c-Fos ho ile ha phahamisoa kahare-hare ho li-nucleus tse bokellaneng, karabelo e ileng ea matlafatsoa ho basali ba nang le boiphihlelo ba thobalanoFeie. 7) [9]. Litla-morao tsa FosB li ne li sa angoe ke ts'ebelisano ea thobalano, leha maemo a litlamorao a ne a le holimo mantleng a li-nucleus tse bokellaneng ho li-hamsters tse nang le boiphihlelo ba basali ha a bapisoa le basali ba naïve (Feie. 8). C-Fos kapa FosB ha lia ka tsa angoa ke boitšoaro ba thobalano kapa boiphihlelo ba botona kapa botšehali ho khetla ea linama kapa dorsal striatum ho basali bana. Litekong tsa rona, liphetoho ho c-Fos le FosB li etsahala ka tsela e tšoanang, ka kakaretso le e le ts'ebetso ea boiphihlelo, leha lithuto tse ling li ntse li fetoha liprotheine tsena kamehlay [mohlala, 12].

Setšoantšo sa 7  

Teko ea boitšoaro ba thobalano (Teko) e eketsa haholo boemo ba c-Fos (ap <0.05 vs. No Test) mokokotlong oa li-nucleus tsa li-hamster tsa basali, phello e phahamisoang ho ba nang le boiphihlelo ba thobalano ...
Setšoantšo sa 8  

Li-hamsters tsa basali li fumane paradigm ea rona e tloaelehileng ea 6 beke le beke, liteko tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano tsa 10 min kapa li ile tsa hlahlojoa li-hormone, empa li sa hlahlojoe. Ho 7th beke, lihlopha tsena li ile tsa aroloa, hoo halofo ea liphoofolo e neng e le teng ...

Liprotheine tsa Fos li ka hlahisoa ka litsela tse 'maloa tse saenneng, ho kenyeletsoa le kin kinase [18]. ERK ke kinase e theohelang tseleng ena mme ra hlahloba molao oa ERK o latelang boitšoaro ba thobalano (Feie. 9). Li-blots tsa Bophirimela, maemo ohle a ERK 2 ha a ka a angoa ke boitšoaro ba bootsoa kapa boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, PERK 2 e ne e phahame ka har'a li-nucleus tse latelang ka mor'a boitšoaro ba thobalano, empa e le feela ho basali tse nang le boiphihlelo ba pele ba thobalano.

Setšoantšo sa 9  

Maemo a ERK1 / 2 a ne a lekantsoe ke blot ea Bophirimela ho tsoa ho li-punches tsa li-nucleus tsa li-nucleus le li-nucleus tsa caudate tsa hamsters ea basali. Li-punches tsa "Tissue punches" (bophara ba 2 mm) tse tsoang li-nucleus accumbens (ka bobeli le sekhetlo) ...

Ho kena tseleng ea MAP kinase ho ka hlaha mehloling e mengata, ho kenyelletsa activation ea glutamate receptor [1], Li-receptor tsa G-protein tse kopantsoeng (mohlala, li-receptor tsa dopamine) [83], inositol triphosphate pathways [66], hape ka li-receptor tsa factor factor ukukhula [16]. Litlamorao tsa thobalano litseleng tsena li hlahisitsoe ke tlhahlobo ea Microarray [7], empa ha e so hlahlojoe ka kotloloho. Mokhoa o mong oo ha e le hantle o laoloang ke boiphihlelo ba thobalano ke dopamine receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase [10]. Li-homogenates tse tsoang ho li-nucleus bokelleng li nkuoe ho basali ba nang le boiphihlelo ba ho kopanela liphate kapa ba se nang boiphihlelo. Li-homogenate tsena li ile tsa susumetsoa ka tekanyo ea dopamine le cAMP e lekantsoeng (Feie. 10). Dopamine e khothalelitse ho bokellana ha cAMP ka lihlopha tsohle tsa kalafo, ka ts'usumetso e kholo ho li-homogenates tse tsoang ho basali ba nang le boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Tliketso tsa hese tsa dopamine li ne li ikemiselitse ho ba D1 receptor mediated. Leha karolo e le 'ngoe ea plasticity e latelang boiphihlelo ba thobalano e le presynaptic (ke hore, dopamine efflux e eketsehileng nakong ea likamano tsa thobalano), ho hlakile haholo hore ho na le liphetoho tsa postynaptic tse sa bontsheng feela litekanyo tse eketsehileng tsa synaptic dopamine.

Setšoantšo sa 10  

Li-Homogenates tse tsoang molemong oa li-hamus tsa basali tse amohelang boiphihlelo ba thobalano kapa ha li na boiphihlelo li ile tsa lekanngoa bakeng sa ho bokelloa ha cAMP kamora ho hlohlelletsa dopamine (datha ke% no-dopamine ...

5. Kakaretso le sephetho

Mohopolo o mong oa ts'ebetso ea dopamine ea mesolimbic ke hore tsela ena e tsotella maemo a amanang le lintho tse etsahalang ka tlhaho ka tsela e ntlafatsang litlamorao tsa ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro boo. [80]. Ho tsoa motheong ona re ka nahana ka mokhoa oa boitšoaro oo ka oona takatso ea botšehali e amoheloang ke basali nakong ea kopollo e matlafatsa dopamine neurotransmission. Leha qalong karabelo ena e sa lahleloe [55], tse nang le boiphihlelo basali ba ithuta ho hlahisa metsamao e poteletseng ea mothapo o eketsang monyetla oa ho fumana tshusumetso ea setho sa botšehali ho tsoa ho monna e moholo ea ntseng a nyoloha [8]. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho na le ts'ebetso e kholo ea dopamine, e fepelang pele ho boloka karabelo ea boitšoaro. Hobane ho amohela ho tsosa takatso ea botšehali ka ho kenella ho tsoa ho monna ea ntseng a nyoloha (ho tsoaloa hangata ke monna) ho hlokahala bakeng sa ho kenyelletsa kemolo ea mmuso e tsamaeang le manyolo (ka hona ho ima ho atlehileng) [42], molaoana ona oa boits'oaro o ka ba le litlamorao tse sa tobang tsa katleho e matla ea koporasi e lebisang katlehong ea pelehi. Karabo ea potso ea "Hobane'ng ha basali ba batšehali?" Ke ho fumana ts'usumetso e nang le litholoana tse ntle ka ts'ebetso ea forebrain dopamine. Likarolo tsena tsa "ho khahlisoa" tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano li na tse sa lebelloang (ho tloha ponong ea mosali), leha e le mahlahahlaha haholo, litlamorao tsa bokhachane bo atlehileng le tsoalo ea bana.

lumela hore baa fokola

Re rata ho leboha batho ba 'maloa ba kentse letsoho ho bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsena ho kenyelletsa Dr. Katherine Bradley, Alma Haas, Margaret Joppa, Dr. Jess Kohlert, Richard Rowe le Dr. Val Watts. Re leboha ka ho khethehileng Paul Mermelstein ka likeletso tsa hae le ho lula a rata mosebetsi oa rona. Tlhahlobo ena e thehiloe puong e fanoeng ho 2006 Workshop on Steroid Hormones and Brain Function, Breckenridge, Co Re leboha The National Science Foundation (IBN-9412543 le IBN-9723876) le National Institutes of Health (DA13680) bakeng sa bona Ts'ehetso ea lipatlisiso tsena.

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