Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2012 Jun;22(3):545-51. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.09.009.
Grueter BA, Rothwell PE, Malenka RC.
THUTO E TLAHANG
mohloli o moholo
Laboraro la Nancy Pritzker, Lefapha la Psychiatry le Behaeveal Science, Sekolo sa Bongaka sa Stanford, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States.
inahaneloang
Ho pepesehela lithethefatsi tse lemalloang ho baka liphetoho mesebetsing ea synaptic ka har'a striatal tata, e ka etsisang kapa ea kena-kenana le tlhahiso ea polasetiki ea synaptic. Liphetoho tsena tsa synaptic li kenyelletsa liphetoho ho li-nucleus accumbens (NAc), subralion ea ventral e bohlokoa bakeng sa moputso oa lithethefatsi le matlafatso, hammoho le dorsal striatum, e ka khothalletsang ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng. Ha litlamorao tsa litloaelo tsa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso li tšoarella, ho tseba liphetoho tse tsoelang pele makaleng a qalang a hlahisoang ke boiphihlelo ba lithethefatsi tsa vivo ho bohlokoa haholo. Ka har'a striatum, lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso li bontšitsoe ho kenya phetoho ho dendritic morphology, ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR) le ho kenyelletsa polasetiki ea synaptic. Ho utloisisa mekhoa e qaqileng ea limolek'hule tse bakang liphetoho tsena tšebetsong ea potoloho ea literekeng ho tla fana ka leseli la hore na lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso li sebelisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho ithuta joang ho hlahisa boitšoaro.
Selelekela
Nts'etsopele, tsoelo-pele le ho phehella ha bokhoba ba lithethefatsi ho nahanoa hore li kenyelletsa liphetoho tse matla phetisong ea synaptic kahare ho li-circriatum le li-basal ganglia circuits. Lits'oaetso libakeng tsena li bonts'a mefuta e fapaneng ea polasetiki ea bolelele ba nako e telele, bo shebahalang bo ts'oaroa ke ho pepesetsoa lithethefatsi tse lemalloang. Mefuta ena ea polasetiki e kenyelletsa ho matlafatsa khokahano ea synaptic, kapa tšebeliso ea nako e telele (LTP), hammoho le ho fokola ha eona, kapa khatello ea maikutlo e telele (LTD). Liphetoho tsena tsa synaptic hangata li iponahatsa e le liphetoho ho palo le ts'ebetso ea li-iGluR, ho kenyelletsa li-receptor tsa AMPA (AMPARs) le li-NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho hlakisa mekhoa ea polasetiki ea synaptic potolohong ea methati e qholotsang likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa boits'oaro bo amanang le bokhoba ba tahi.
Qeto le lintlha tsa nako e tlang
Ka ho hlakisa tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao sebakeng sa polasetiki ea striatal synaptic le bokhoba, re totobalitse mekhoa e mengata e hlahang. Boithuto bo 'maloa bo sebelisang mekhoa e fapaneng bo fane ka bopaki bo fetolelang mabapi le nako ea liphetoho tsa synaptic ho NAc, ka mor'a ho pepesetsoa koae ka ho hlaka le ho pheta-pheta, le ho senoloa hape / ho khutlisoa hape (Setšoantšo sa 1). Leha ho le joalo, re se re qalella ho utloisisa liphetoho tse lumellanang maemong a methapo ea methapo, e ka bang bohlokoa haholo mehatong ea morao-rao ea ho lemalla ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse tloaelo. Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng tsa lipatlisiso le tsona li hatetse pele kutlwisiso ea rona ea polanete ea synaptic maemong a ikhethang a neuronal ea striatum, haholo-holo li-MSN tsa tsela e tobileng le e sa tobang, le karolo ea mefuta ena e fapaneng ea lisele ho likarabo tsa boitšoaro ho lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso. Mohato oa bohlokoa o latelang e tla ba ho holisa mekhoa ena ho mefuta ea ho khutlisetsoa hape le bocha - e 'ngoe ea mathata a thata ka ho fetisisa kalafong ea bongaka ea ho lemalla. Kamora nako, mekhoa ea optogenetic e entse hore ho khonehe ho hlakola ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng ho striatum
mokhoa o lokelang ho hlakisa hore na li-synapses tse entsoeng ke litlatsetso tsena tse fapaneng li ka fetoloa ka mokhoa o fapaneng joang ke lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso. Qetellong, sekhahla sa striatal se lokela ho hlahlojoa ho latela likarolo tsa sona tse sebetsang, maemong a methapo ea kutlo ea motho ka mong e le hore a utloisise ka botlalo mekhoa ea boits'oaro e amanang le boitšoaro, tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi.
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