Senseitization ea Motho ea Nang le Matšoenyeho a Maiketsetso ho Batho ba baholo, empa e seng ka Maqeba a Bacha, a Kopantsoe le Tlhaloso e Eketsehileng ea DeltaFosB ho Nucleus Accumbens (2016)

inahaneloang

Le ha bopaki ba bongaka ba pelehi le pele ho tleleniki bo bontša hore nako ea bocha ke nako ea kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea bokhoba ba tahi, mekhoa e ka tlas'a motheo ea neural ha e tsejoe haholo. Khatello ea kelello nakong ea bocha e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho lemalleng lithethefatsi. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoehale ka mekhoa e amanang le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo, bohlankana le bokhoba ba tahi. Boithuto bo supa ho ΔFosB e le sepheo se ka khonehang bakeng sa ketsahalo ena. Phuputsong ea hona joale, likhoto tsa bocha le tsa batho ba baholo (letsatsi la kamora ho phomola 28 le 60, ka ho latellana) li ne li thibetsoe 2 h hang ka letsatsi bakeng sa matsatsi a 7. Matsatsi a mararo kamora ho pepesetsoa khatello ea bona ea ho qetela, liphoofolo li ile tsa qholotsoa ka letsoai kapa amphetamine (1.0 mg / kg ip) mme rekotetse ka amphetamine-indedu. Hang ka mora liteko tsa boits'oaro, likhoto li ile tsa qaptjoa mme li-nucleus bokelleng li ile tsa qhaloa ho lekanya maemo a liprotheine tsa ΔFosB. Re hlokometse hore khatello ea maikutlo ea ho ithiba khafetsa e eketsa nyeliso e matlafalitsoeng ho litoeba ho batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tsa bocha. Ntle le moo, litlalehong tsa batho ba baholo, maikutlo a tšusumetso ea maikutlo a amanang le khatello ea maikutlo a amanang le khatello ea kelello a ne a amahanngoa le polelo e eketsehileng ea ΔFosB ka har'a li-nucleus tsa li-nucleus. Lintlha tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore ΔFosB e ka ameha ho tse ling tsa liphetoho tsa polasetiki ea neuronal tse amanang le khatello ea maikutlo le tšusumetso ea sefapano se nang le amphetamine litekong tsa batho ba baholo.

Keywords: amphetamine, boitšisinyo ba boitšoaro, khatello ea maikutlo, ΔFosB, bohlankana

Selelekela

Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi hangata e qala nakong ea bohlankana, e leng nako ea ho kenella moo batho ka bomong ba bonts'ang boitšoaro bo nkang kotsi bo ka lebisang qetong e sa bolokehang e amanang le liphetho tse mpe, joalo ka tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Cavazos-Rehg et al., ). Likhoto, nako ea bocha e hlalositsoe e le nako ho tloha matsatsing a pelehi (P) 28 ho ea ho P42 (Spear and Brake, ). Lekhetlong lena litoeba li bontša litšobotsi tsa bocha tsa tloaelo ea bongoaneng (Teicher et al., ; Laviola et al., ; Lerumo, ).

Liphuputso tse 'maloa tsa kliniki li bontša hore nako ea bohlankana ke nako e tlokotsing ea ho ntlafatsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (Spear, ,; Izenwasser le French, ). Tlokotsi ena e kholo ea ho lemalla e ka hlalosoa ke liphetho tse fapaneng tsa taolo ea lithethefatsi lipakeng tsa bacha le batho ba baholo (Collins le Izenwasser, ). Mohlala, thepa e matlafatsang ea locomotor ea amphetamine le cocaine li tlase ho bacha ha li bapisoa le batho ba baholo (Laviola et al., ; Tylli et al., ). Ho feta moo, bacha ba amanang le batho ba baholo ba bonts'a ho sebelisa koae haholo, ba iphelisa ka potlako le ho ipeha tekanyetso e phahameng ea amphetamine (Shahbazi et al., ; Wong et al., ). Le ha bopaki bo bonts'a hore nako ea bohlankana ke nako ea kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea bokhoba ba tahi, mekhoa ea neural ha e tsejoe hantle.

Boithuto bo bontšitse hore nako ea bohlankana ke nako e hlokolosi e ka eketsang tebello ea nts'etsopele ea khatello ea maikutlo le boits'oaro bo bakang khatello ea maikutlo (Bremne le Vermetten, ; Heim le Nemeroff, ; Cymerblit-Sabba et al., ). Liphuputso tse entsoeng mehlaleng ea liphoofolo li bonts'a hore bacha ba kotsing e khethehileng ea khatello ea maikutlo. Mohlala, litoeba tsa lilemong tsa bocha li amehile haholo ha li fokotsa boima ba 'mele tse fokotsang khatello ea maikutlo, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lijo le boits'oaro bo kang ho tšoenyeha ho feta balekane ba bona ba baholo (Lejoe le Quartermain, ; Doremus-Fitzwater et al., ; Cruz et al., ). Cymerblit-Sabba et al. () e bonts'itse hore litoeba tsa bocha ho P28-54, li bonts'itse ts'oaetso ea khatello ea maikutlo ho feta ha likhoto li le tlas'a khatello ea linako nakong tse ling tsa bophelo.

Ho thehiloe hantle hore liketsahalo tse sithabetsang tsa bophelo nakong ea bohlankana ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (Laviola et al., ; Tylli et al., ; Cruz et al., ). Litekong, liketsahalo tse pheta-phetoang tsa khatello ea maikutlo li ka eketsa ts'ebetso ea makoloi ho araba sethethefatsi se matla (Covington le Miczek, ; Marin le Planeta, ; Cruz et al., ); ketsahalo ena e bitsoa boits'oaro ba maikutlo (Covington le Miczek, ; Miczek et al., ; Yap le Miczek, ) mme ho nahanoa hore e bonts'a tloaelo ea neuronal tsamaisong ea mesocorticolimbic e amanang le nts'etsopele ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Robinson et al., ; Robinson le Berridge, ; Vanderschuren le Pierce, ). Litekong tsa batho ba baholo, ho thehiloe hantle hore liphihlelo tse sithabetsang botsofaling li baka maikutlo a boitšoaro ho tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi (Miczek et al., ; Yap et al., ) le hore matla a ntlafatsang a cocaine a ntlafalitsoeng a koae a ka phehella libeke tse 'maloa ka lebaka la neuroadaptations tseleng ea mesocorticolimbic dopamine (Vanderschuren le Kalivas, ; Tšepo et al., ).

Tšusumetso e matla ea kelello kapa e etsoang khafetsa e bakiloeng ke polasetiki tsamaisong ea mesocorticolimbic (Miczek et al., ; Yap le Miczek, ; Yap et al., ). Metlhale ea cellular le ea cellular bokong e hloka phetoho ho polelo ea gene (Nestler et al., ). Polelo ea Gene e laoloa ke letoto la liprotheine tse tlamang DNA tse tsejoang e le lintlha tsa transcript (Chen et al., , , ). Ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tsa sengoloang morekong ona, joalo ka ΔFosB, mofuta oa splice fosbe gene, eo hangata e leng protheine e tsitsitseng e bokellanang ka ho pepeseha ho sa feleng ha lithethefatsi le khatello ea maikutlo (McClung et al., ). ΔFosB e bonahala e le moemeli oa bohlokoahali bakeng sa liphetoho tsa nako e telele tsamaisong ea methapo e amehang ka boits'oaro bo tlatsetsang (Damez-Werno et al., ; Pitchers et al., ). Ehlile ho bontšitsoe hore Δ-FosB e buisana le litekanyetso tsa nako e telele tsa kelello tlasa ts'ebetso ea bokhoba ba ts'ebetso (McClung et al., ). Ho fumanoe hore Δ-FosB e kanna ea ikarabella bakeng sa keketseho ea letsoalo la lesapo la mokokotlo le dendritic arborization kamora ho latela taolo ea koae e sa foleng (Kolb et al., ; Lee et al., ), Hape, Δ-FosB e bonahala e le e 'ngoe ea mehato e ikarabellang bakeng sa maikutlo a susumetsang maikutlo ho psychostimulant (McClung le Nestler, ).

Litoeu tsa bongoaneng li bonts'a mokhoa o ikhethang ts'ebetsong ea mesolimbic le litlhahisong tsa tsona tsa maikutlo mabapi le lithethefatsi tsa psychostimulant (Laviola et al., ; Tylli et al., ). Mohlala, overexpression ea dopamine receptor le polokelo e kholo ea dopamine ho li-synapses ho tlalehoa tsamaisong ea mesolimbic ea likhoto tsa bocha (Tirelli et al., ). Liphetoho tsa Ontogenetic tsamaisong ea mesolimbic e tlatselletsang maikutlo li ka lebisa maemong a fapaneng a ho ba kotsing ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Le ha lits'ebetso tsa limolek'hule tse amanang le khatello ea methapo lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le lithethefatsi li bontšitsoe liphoofolong tsa batho ba baholo, litlamorao tsa khatello ea maikutlo nakong ea bohlankana mabapi le litlamorao tsa lithethefatsi ha li tsejoe.

Bakeng sa tlhahiso ena, re ile ra lekola boemo ba ΔFosB, mabapi le likhakanyo tsa batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tsa bocha ka mor'a tebello ea maikutlo ea locomotor lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le phetisetso ea amphetamine khafetsa.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

Lihlooho

Likhoto tsa Male Wistar tse fumanoeng setsing sa kokelo ea liphoofolo tsa São Paulo State University — UNESP ka letsatsi la kamora ho beleha (P) 21. Lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tsa 3-4 li ne li behiloe ka har'a mekotla ea polasetiki 32 (bophara) × 40 (bolelele) × 16 (bophahamo) cm ka kamoreng e hlokometsoeng 23 ± 2 ° C. Likhoto li ne li bolokiloe ka mochining oa 12: 12 h light / darkjikele (mabone ho 07: 00 am) mme ba ne ba lumelloa ho fumana lijo le metsi mahala. Sebata ka seng se ne se sebelisoa feela ts'ebetsong e le 'ngoe ea liteko. Liteko tsohle li entsoe nakong ea mohato oa leseli pakeng tsa 8: 00 am le 5: 00 pm Sehlopha ka seng sa liteko se ne se e-na le likhakanyo tsa 9-10.

Protocol ea liteko e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro bakeng sa Ts'ebeliso ea Lihlooho tsa Botho kapa tsa Liphoofolo tsa Sekolo sa Bongaka ba Bongaka-UNESP (CEP-12 / 2008) mme liteko li entsoe ho latela melaoana ea melao ea boitšoaro ea Univesithi ea Brazil ea Liphoofolo— ( COBEA), e ipapisitse le Tataiso ea NIH bakeng sa Tlhokomelo le Ts'ebeliso ea Liphoofolo tsa Laboraro.

Lithethefatsi

d, l-amphetamine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) e qhibilihile ka saline (0.9% NaCl).

Ts'ebetso ea Khatello ea Khatello ea Kelello

Liphoofolo li ne li abetsoe ka lihlopha tse peli: (1) no-khatello; kapa (2) khatello ea maikutlo ea ho ithiba khafetsa. Liphoofolo sehlopheng sa khatello ea khatello ea phetisetso li ne li khutlisoa ka har'a li-cylinders tsa polasetiki [20.0 cm (bolelele) × 5.5 cm (bophara ba kahare) bakeng sa likhoto tsa batho ba baholo; 17.0 cm (bolelele) × 4.5 cm (bophara ba kahare) bakeng sa likhoto tsa lilemong tsa bocha] 2 h letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa matsatsi a 7 ho qala ho 10: 00 am

Ho pepesetsoa khatello ea kelello ho qalile ho P28 bakeng sa likhoto tsa batho ba baholo kapa tsa P60. Sehlopha sa taolo (se sa sithabetsang) se ne se na le liphoofolo tsa lilemo tse ts'oanang se sa khathatsoeng ntle le ho hloekisa likhopo.

Ho sithabela ha khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo ho Amphetamine

Teko ea boits'oaro e entsoe ka khoebo e fumanehang (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) likamore tsa tšebetso tsa tšebetso ea mesebetsi ea matsoho, e nang le mabokose a Plexiglas 44 (bophara) x 44 (bolelele) × 16 (bophahamo). Likamore li ne li kenyelletsa lipalo tsa 10 tsa libalaka tsa lifotokopi, tse neng li sebelisoa ho lekanya tšebetso e ts'oarellang ea locomotor. Ho ferekana ka tatellano ea libalomo tse peli ho tlalehiloe e le yuniti e le 'ngoe ea tlhoekiso.

Matsatsi a mararo kamora ho pepesetsoa khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo, likhoto tsa bocha kapa tsa batho ba baholo li ile tsa tlosoa setsing sa liphoofolo tsa ba isa kamoreng ea liteko moo ba behiloeng kahare kahare ho kamore ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso 'me ba sieloa 20 min bakeng sa bolulo. Kamora nako ena, likhoto tse tsoang taolong kapa lihlopheng tsa khatello li amohetse li-injection tsa ip ea amphetamine (1.0 mg / kg) kapa saline (NaCl 0.9%) mme ba khutlisetsoa kamoreng ea ho shebella tšebetso bakeng sa metsotso e 'ngoe ea 40 (N = 9-10 liphoofolo ka sehlopha ka seng). Ketsahalo ea locomotor e tlalehiloe nakong ea metsotso ena ea 40 kamora liente.

Likhoto tsa bocha le tsa batho ba baholo li ile tsa lekoa ka ho latellana, ho P37 le P69.

Pokello ea li-Brains

Hang ka mor'a tlhahlobo ea boits'oaro, liphoofolo li fetisetsoa kamoreng e haufi, e khethiloeng 'me likelello tsa tsona li tlosoa kapele (hoo e ka bang 60-90 s) ebe e hoamisoa ke isopentane leqhoeng le omileng. Kamora mokhoa ona, masapo a mokokotlo a ne a bolokiloe ho −80 ° C ho fihlela a arohantsoe le thepa e bokellaneng.

Tlhahlobo ea botlaela ea Western Blotting ea Tlhaloso ea ExpFosB

Masapo a maiketsetso a ne a thelisoa ka 50 μm ka sefofane sa "coronat" ho fihlela libaka tsa bokong tse nang le thahasello holima crystat (Leica CM 1850, Nussloch, Jeremane) li bolokiloe ho −20 ° C. Li-punches tsa li-tissue (blude 14-gauge needle ea batho ba baholo le 16-gauge bakeng sa bacha) li fumanoe ho li-nucleus accumbens (Setšoantšo. (Setšoantšo2A) 2A) sebelisa lihokela: hofeta ho tloha + 2, 1 mm ho + 1, 1 mm bakeng sa li-accumbens tse amanang le Bregma (Paxinos le Watson, ). Lithane li ne li hlahisoa ka 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Ho tsepamisa mohopolo oa liprotheine ho ne ho reriloe ka ho sebelisa mokhoa oa Lowry (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Mehlala ea liprotheine e ne e lekantsoe ka ho fokotseha ka 1% SDS. Mehlala ea 30 μg ea protheine e ile ea kenngoa ka har'a SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis bakeng sa 3 h ho 200 V. Liprotheine li ile tsa fetisetsoa ka har'a electrophoretically ho polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane ea phetisetso ea phetisetso ea Hybond LFP (GE Healthcare, UK Chane. ho 0.3 A bakeng sa 3.5 h. Ebe li-membrane tsa PVDF li koetsoe ka lebese le omeletseng la 5% le nonofo ea 0.1% lipakeng tsa 20 ho Tris buffer (T-TBS, pH 7.5) bakeng sa 1 h ka mocheso oa kamore ebe o kenella bosiu bo le bong ho 4 ° C ka buffer e ncha e thibelang (2% nonfat omileng lebese le 0.1% lipakeng tsa 20 ho Tris buffer [T-TBS, pH 7.5]) e nang le li-antibodies tsa mantlha. Maemo a ΔFosB a ile a hlahlojoa a sebelisa li-antibodies khahlanong le FosB (1: 1000; Cat # sc-48 Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Kamora ho incubation ka li-antibodies tsa mantlha, lithutsoana li ile tsa hlatsuoa tsa ba tsa fufuleloa 1 h ka li-antibodies tsa sekhukhu tse khahlanong le mmutla tse ngotsoeng le cy5 fluorophore (anti-rabi / 1: 3000; GE Healthcare, Little Chanford, BU, UK). Fluorescence e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa mofuta oa fektheri ea fluorescence typhoonTrio® (GE Healthcare, Little Chanford, BU, UK) le lihlopha li ile tsa aroloa ho sebelisoa software e loketseng (Image QuantTM TL). Karolelano ea sehlopha sa letsoai se sa hatelloang se ne se nkuoa e le 100% mme tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang lihlopheng tse ling e hlahisitsoe e le liperesente tsa sehlopha sena sa taolo.

Setšoantšo sa 1  

Tšusumetso ea sefapano lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le amphetamine ho likhoto tsa batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tsa bocha. *p <0.05 ha e bapisoa le CONTROL-SALINE le STRESS-SALINE; #p <0.05 ha e bapisoa le CONTROL-AMPHETAMINE.
Setšoantšo sa 2  

(A) Karolo e kholo ea bokong ba rat, e hlophisitsoeng ho tsoa ho li-atlas tsa polasetiki tsa Paxinos le Watson (), e bonts'a sebaka sa lits'oants'o tsa "punac" ho "nucleus accumbens" (Nac). (B) Li-lihlopha tse emelang bophirima tse tlotsitsoeng tsa control-saline (CONT-SAL), khatello ea maikutlo ...

Letsoalo le sebelisetsoang ho fumana FosB le lona le tlamahane le ΔFosB. Leha ho le joalo, re ile ra bokella likotoana tsa 40 tsa min kamora phephetso ea amphetamine. Nako ena ha ea lekana ho fumana phetolelo ea bohlokoa ea protheine ea FosB. Ho nka taba ea hore FosB (42 kDa) e boima ho feta isoform ΔFosB (35 ~ 37 kDa) (Kovács, ; Nestler et al., ). Re ne re lekanya liprotheine feela tse nang le 37 kDa ea boima ba molek'hule.

Ho lahla liprotheine tse lekanang ho netefalitsoe ka ho hlobola marang le ho a batla hape ka monoclonal beta-Actin antibody (taolo ea taolo) (1: 500; Sigma-Aldrich), e lateloe ke ho kenella ka ho kenella le antibody ea bobeli (Cy5-anti-mmutla / 1 : 3000) le pono ea lintho tse hlalositsoeng ka holimo. Botebo ba sehlopha sa protheine ea ΔFosB bo ile ba aroloa ke matla a taolo ea kahare ea ho laolla (beta-Actin) bakeng sa sampole eo. Karolelano ea ΔFosB taolong ea ho laolla e ile ea sebelisoa ho bapisa bongata ba ΔFosB ka mehlala e fapaneng (Setšoantšo. (Figure2B2B).

Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso

Lintlha tsohle li hlahisoa e le tsa bohlokoa ± SEM. Liteko tsa Levene bakeng sa homogeneity of variance li ile tsa etsoa data ea boits'oaro le ea limolek'hule. Levene ha ea ka ea bontša phapang ea lipalo bakeng sa data ea boitsoaro kapa ea limolek'hule, ho bonts'a homogeneity ea phapang. Kahoo ts'ebetso ea locomotor, litekanyetso tsa ΔFosB tse latelang ka ente ea saline kapa amphetamine li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa 2 × 2 ANOVA [khatello ea maikutlo (khafetsa khafetsa kapa e se khatello ea maikutlo) × kalafo ea lithethefatsi (AMPH kapa SAL)]. Ha bohlokoa (p <0.05) phello e kholo e ile ea bonoa, tlhahlobo ea Newman-Keuls e ne e sebelisetsoa post hoc papiso.

Results

Ho sithabela ha khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo ho Amphetamine

Boitekong bona, re lekotse hore na ho pepesetsoa khatello ea maikutlo khafetsa ho ka eketsa karabelo ea locomotor ho ente ea phephetso ea amphetamine.

Re fumane hore ho litoeba tsa batho ba baholo, liphapang tse teng phepong e nkoang e nkoa e le khatello ea kelello ka bobeli (F(1,29) = 7.77; p <0.01) le kalafo (F(1,29) = 57.28; p <0.001) lintlha. Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa lintlha le eona e fumanoe (F(1,29) = 4.08; p <0.05; Setšoantšo Figure1) .1). Tlhahlobo e ngoe hape (Teko ea Newman-Keuls) e senotse hore tsamaiso ea amphetamine e eketsa ts'ebetso ea locomotor liphoofolong tse laoloang le tse hatelletsoeng ha li bapisoa le liphoofolo tse nang le bothata ba letsoai. Ho feta moo, likhoto tse neng li pepesetsoa khatello ea maikutlo khafetsa li bonts'a ts'ebetso e phahameng ea amphetamine e kenyellelitsoeng ha e bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo ea amphetamine (p <0.05, Setšoantšo Figure11).

Litekong tsa bocha, re fumane liphapang maikutlong ka bobeli (F(1,25) = 11.58; p <0.01) le kalafo (F(1,25) = 16.34; p <0.001) lintlha. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tšebelisano lipakeng tsa lintlha tse fumanoengF(1,25) = 3.67; p = 0.067; Setšoantšo Figure1) .1). Tlhahlobo e ngoe hape (tlhahlobo ea Newman-Keuls) mabapi le kalafo e senotse hore amphetamine e eketsa ts'ebetso ea locomotor maemong a hatelitsoeng, empa eseng a taolo, liphoofolo ha a bapisoa le liphoofolo tse kenngoeng ka letsoai. Ho ekelletsa moo, likhoto tse pepesitsoeng khafetsa khatellong ea khatello li bonts'a ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo ea amphetamine-induction ha e bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo ea amphetamine (p <0.01, Setšoantšo Figure11).

Tlhahlobo ea Bophirima ea Bophirimela ΔFosB Tlhaloso

Re entse teko ena ho lekola hore na maikutlo a sefapano a susumetsang a hatelloang ke khatello ea phetetso a pheta-phetang le phephetso ea amphetamine a ka amana le liphetoho lipuong tsa ΔFosB mabapi le li-ramatiki ka mahlakore a fapaneng a ntlafatso.

Litekong tsa batho ba baholo, re bone phapang e kholo ntlheng ea khatello ea maikutlo (F(1,18) = 6.46; p <0.05) le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa khatello ea kelello le lintlha tsa kalafo (F(1,18) = 5.26; p <0.05). Tlhatlhobo e tsoelang pele (Teko ea Newman-Keuls) e senotse hore amphetamine e ekelitse maemo a ΔFosB ho liphoofolo tse nang le khatello ea maikutlo ha li bapisoa le lihlopha tse ling kaofela (p <0.05, Setšoantšo Figure2C2C).

Bakeng sa likhoto tsa bocha, litholoana tsa rona ha li a ka tsa bontša phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha (Setšoantšo (Figure2C2C).

Puisano

Re ile ra lekola boemo ba ΔFosB, litlalehong tsa likhakanyo tsa batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tsa bocha ka mor'a khatello e sa feleng e hlahisitseng maikutlo a sefapano sa locomotor le amphetamine. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa liteko e bile: (a) likhoto tsa batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tsa bocha li bonts'itse keketseho ea mosebetsi oa popomotor kamora phephetso ea amphetamine, e hlahisoang ke ho pepesetsoa khatello ea maikutlo khafetsa; (b) khatello ea maikutlo khafetsa e khothalelitse kholo ea kholo ea ΔFosB feela ho li-rats tsa batho ba baholo.

Lintlha tsa rona li bontšitse hore khatello ea maikutlo e susumetsang khatello ea maikutlo ho amphetamine likhethong tsa batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tsa bocha. Liphumano tsena li lumellana le lithuto tse ling, tse bonts'ang hore liphihlelo tse pheta-phetoang tsa khatello ea maikutlo li fella ka maikutlo a sefapano ho li-psychostimulants ho batho ba baholo ka bobeli (Díaz-Otañez et al., ; Kelz et al., ; Colby et al., ; Miczek et al., ; Yap le Miczek, ) le litoeba tsa bocha (Laviola et al., ). Ehlile re se re bonts'itse hore likhoto tsa bocha le tsa batho ba baholo tse pepesitsoeng khafetsa ho thibela ho sa feleng li bontšitse keketseho e kholo ea ts'ebetso ea locomotor kamora tekanyetso ea phephetso ea matsatsi a amphetamine 3 kamora seboka sa khatello ea morao ha se bapisoa le taolo ea bona ea saline (Cruz et al., ). Leha lithuto tse ngata li bonts'itse ts'usumetso ea maikutlo ho litekanyetso tsa batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tsa bocha tse qholotsoeng le li-psychostimulants, mekhoa ea motheo ha e e-so tsejoe hona joale.

Re hlokometse hore maikutlo a susumetsang khatello ea maikutlo ho amphetamine a ne a amahanngoa le polelo e eketsehang ea maemo a ΔFosB ka har'a li-nucleus tse bokellaneng ho batho ba baholo, empa eseng litekong tsa bongoana. Ho fumana ha rona ho atolla data ea pele ho lingoliloeng ho bonts'a ntlafatso ha e bua ka expressionFosB ha a araba li-psychostimulants kamora ho pepesetsoa khatello ea kelello khafetsa ho likhoto tsa batho ba baholo (Perrotti et al., ). Liphetho tsa rona li ka fana ka tlhahiso ea hore maemo a ΔFosB a eketsehileng a ka ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea amphetamine litekong tsa batho ba baholo. Ehlile ho ile ha bontšoa hore overexpression ea ΔFosB kahare ho bokellane ba li-nucleus e eketsa tlhoko ea maikutlo ho litlamorao tse thabisang tsa koae (Perrotti et al., ; Vialou et al., ). Leha ho le joalo, ho fumana ha rona ho bolela setsoalle feela. Lithuto tse sebetsang li tlameha ho etsoa ho lekola sepheo sa ΔFosB ka khatello ea maikutlo ea locomotor-sensitization ea sefofane ho amphetamine.

Bopaki bo fana ka maikutlo a hore ΔFosB ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ea mongolo e ka susumetsang ts'ebetso ea bokhoba ba tahi mme e ka arabella likarabo tse khothatsang tsa tšibollo ea lithethefatsi kapa khatello ea maikutlo (Nestler, ). Boithuto bo bontšitse ho kenella ha nako e telele ea ΔFosB ka har'a li-nucleus bokellaneng ho arabela taolong e sa feleng ea psychostimulant kapa mefuta e fapaneng ea khatello ea maikutlo (Hope et al., ; Nestler et al., ; Perrotti et al., ; Nestler, ). Bohlokoa ba ΔFosB ho nts'etsopele ea tšebeliso ea litlhare e ka ba ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho eketsa polelo ea liprotheine tse amehang ts'ebetsong ea moputso le ts'usumetso (bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea McClung et al., ). Mohlala, ΔFosB e bonahala e eketsa polelo ea li-receptor tsa glutamatergic ho li-accumbens, tse amanang le ho eketsa litlamorao tsa phello ea li-psychostimulants (Vialou et al., ; Ahnishi et al., ).

Lintlha tsa rona tsa bongoaneng li tiisa liphuputso tse ling tse bonts'itseng hore khatello ea maikutlo kapa taolo ea amphetamine e susumetsa maikutlo a boitšoaro ho amphetamine ntle le ho ama polelo ea ΔFosB ho li-nucleus accumbens (Conversi et al., ). Ka tsela e ts'oanang, Conversi et al. () e hlokometse hore le ha amphetamine e hlohlelletsa sensitization sensantot ho C57BL / 6J le DBA / 2J litoeba, ΔFosB e ile ea eketseha ka har'a li-nucleus tsa C57BL / 6J, empa eseng ka litoeba tsa DBA / 2J. Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphuputso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho bokella ΔFosB ka har'a li-nucleus bokone ha ho bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea sensomization ea locomotor. Kahoo, keketseho ea polelo ea protheine ena, joalo ka ha e fumanoe lithutong tse ling, e ka ba ponelopele feela.

Maemo a tlaase a dopamine ka hara synaptic le molumo o fokotsehileng oa dopaminergic, o bonoang litlalehong tsa bongoana o kanna oa beha mabaka ka lipuisano ho ΔFosB ka har'a li-nucleus tse bokellaneng ka mor'a ho pepesoa ha khatello ea maikutlo nako e telele litsing tsa bocha, kaha ts'ebetso ea li-receptor tsa dopaminergic e bontšitsoe e le bohlokoa ho keketseho ea ho bokella ha ΔFosB ka har'a li-nucleus tsa bokella ka mor'a taolo e pheta-phetoang ea psychostimulant (Laviola et al., ; Tylli et al., ).

Qetellong, khatello ea maikutlo ea ho ithiba khafetsa e eketsa nyeliso e kenelletseng ho amphetamine mahlakoreng a maholo le a bocha. Ntle le moo, khatello ea maikutlo le amphetamine li bonahala li fetola phetisetso ea ΔFosB ka mokhoa o itšetlehileng ka lilemo.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

Liteko li raliloe ke PECO, PCB, RML, FCC le CSP, tse etsoang ke PECO, PCB, RML, FCC, MTM mme sengoloang se ngotsoe ke FCC, PECO, PCB, RML le CSP.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

lumela hore baa fokola

Bangoli ba leboha thuso e ntlehali ea theknoloji e entsoeng ke Elisabete ZP Lepera, Francisco Rocateli le Rosana FP Silva. Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe ke Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP-2007 / 08087-7).

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