Dopamine e ntlafatsa ho haelloa ke boitšoaro bo botle ba sechaba ho ka ba le moelelo oa mathata a neuropsychiatric (2013)

Dopamine e ntlafatsa bofokoli boitshwarong ba sechaba e ka ba le litlamorao ho mafu a amanang le neuropsychiatric

Ho ima ho sithabetsang e ka ba ntho ea ho qetela eo 'm'e oa ka moso a e hlokang, empa ho ngoana oa hae ea e-song ho tsoaloe khatello ena e hlahisa mathata a nnete. Tsohle hobane lihormone tsa khatello ea maikutlo (tse bitsoang glucocorticoids kapa GCs) li ka ferekanya nts'etsopele ea bongoana e tloaelehileng, ea lebisa ho mathata a boits'oaro le / kapa a maikutlo hamorao bophelong. Leha ho le kotsi ena re ntse re sa utloisise hore na li-GC li sebetsa joang. Empa ha joale liphuputso tse entsoeng ho likhoto ke sehlopha sa Sepotoketsi li fumane hore litlamorao tsa prenatal (pele ho tsoalo) tsa GC mabapi le boits'oaro li hokahane le dopamine e tlase (len aosa la boko) libakeng tsa boko tse amanang le thabo, empa hape le hore sena se ka phekoloa.

Sonia Borges le Barbara Coimbra ba tsoang Univesithing ea Minho ba fumane hore likhoto tse pepesitsoeng khatello ea bokhachane li hlahisa mathata a maikutlo le a boits'oaro sechabeng mme sena se ne se hokahana le litekanyetso tsa dopamine, empa hape le hore ha maemo a dopmaine a khutlisetsoa maemong a tloaelehileng (se neng se le bonolo haholo ho etsa) ho bile le phetoho e felletseng ea mathata a sechaba. Sena se ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa hore liphetoho tse tlang bokong ka tšohanyetso ea bophelo ba pele li ka khutlisoa.

Phuputso e hlahang makasineng oa Loetse oa Neuropsychopharmacology, e kanna ea ba le litlamorao tsa mathata a lefu la neuropsychiatric a amanang le dopamine le mathata a mantlha a neurodevelopmental joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo (ADHD), schizophrenia le autism. Ana João Rodrigues, e mong oa baetapele ba boithuto (mmoho le Nuno Sousa) o hlokomelisa ka tlhokeho ea ho ba hlokolosi haholo leha ”Leha ho na le lintlha tse ling tsa hore khatello ea maikutlo pele ho pelehi e ka ama boits'oaro ba maikutlo le sechaba sechabeng, mosebetsi oa rona o ntse o le qalong haholo. Sohle seo re ka se buang "- o supa -" ke hore dopamine e khona ho ntlafatsa bofokoli boitsoaro ba sechaba mme sena se ka ba le litlamorao tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa mafu a khetholloang ke ho senyeha hoa sechaba "

Le ha li-GC li buisana le litlamorao tse mpe tsa khatello ea maikutlo, le tsona li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea 'mele; Ho tloha ho laoleng sesole sa 'mele ho thusa ho butsoa ha litho tsa lesea, li-GC li bohlokoa haholo bophelong. Ebile, leha khatello ea maikutlo ea bakhachane e ka baka mathata bokong, li-GC li ntse li fuoa basali ba nang le kotsi ea ho beleha pele ho nako bakeng sa kholo ea "lung fetal lung". Kahoo ho potlakile ho utloisisa hantle hore na li-GC li sebetsa joang ho tseba ho etsa liqeto tse bohlokoa, esita le tse itšetlehileng ka bophelo

Phuputsong e tla phatlalatsoa haufinyane Borges, Coimbra le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba pepesitse likhoto tse ntseng li le ka popelong ho isa lihlopheng tse phahameng tsa li-GC (ho lekana le ho ba le mme ea imetsoeng haholo), mme ba fumana hore liphoofolo tsena li ea hlahisa matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo le ho hloka tšusumetso hamorao bophelong joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe pejana, empa, ho makatsang ke hore hape ba fumane hore ba na le mathata a boiketlo ba sechaba. Liphoofolo tse pepesitsoeng khatello ea maikutlo pele ho pelehi li bapala hanyane, li sebelisana hampe le ba bang mme li bile le mehala e fokolang ea "thabo" le mehala e "hlonameng" e ka khetholloang ke maqhubu a tsona a molumo).

"Kaha sehlopha sa rona se ne se bone pele ho pepesetsoa li-GC tsa bakhachane ho amme potoloho ea methapo ea kutlo e bohlokoa molemong oa maikutlo a moputso le thabo (sistimi ea mesolimbic)" - ho hlalosa Rodrigues - "mme likhoto tsa bana li oela le ho bapala ke e 'ngoe ea boits'oaro bo putsang ka ho fetisisa. , re ile ra ipotsa hore na ebe bothata e ka ba dopamine, molek'hule ea bohlokoa tsamaisong ena. ”

Ha e le hantle, ho fumanoe hore likhoto tsa "khatello ea maikutlo pele ho bokhachane" li haelloa ke dopamine ho amygdala le nucleus accumbens (NAc), e leng libaka tsa sistimi ea mesolimbic.
Empa se neng se makatsa ke ho sibolla hore ka ho kenyelletsa L-dopa feela (selelekela sa dopamine e fuoeng bakuli ba Parkinson ba se nang eona) metsing a liphoofolo tse amehileng, ho se ts'oane ha bona sechabeng le maikutlong ho ile ha nyamela ho li khetholla ho likhoto tse ileng ka bokhachane bo tloaelehileng.

Kahoo thuto e ncha e senola hore maemo a phahameng a GC / khatello ea maikutlo ea bokhachane e ka lebisa ho senyeha ha sechaba, hammoho le mathata a maikutlo, ka ho fokotsa maemo a dopamine libakeng tsa boko tse amanang le pono ea thabo. Empa hape hore hang ha maemo ana a dopamine a lokisitsoe, mathata a nyamela ka botlalo.

Na lintho li ka sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho batho? Ho mafu a kang khatello ea maikutlo, autism le schizophrenia, tse khetholloang ke ho se lekane maikutlong le sechabeng mme li se li ntse li hokahanngoa le khatello ea maikutlo pele ho pelehi? Rodrigues o hlokomelisa hore “Ho fetisetsa liphetho tsena ho batho ho hloka tlhokomeliso. Liphetho tsena ha li bolele hore L-dopa ke setlhare sa mohlolo se phekolang ho hloka tšusumetso kapa khatello ea maikutlo, leha ho bonahala eka mesolimbic dopamine system e bohlokoa haholo mathateng ana. Hajoale ntho ea bohlokoahali ke hore re qala ho senola liphetoho tsa limolek'hule tse bakiloeng ke li-GC lipotiking tse ikhethileng tsa neuronal, tse tla thusa kutloisisong ea a mang a mathata ana ".

Ho khahlisang haholo ka thuto ea Borges le Coimbra le eona ke hore e "hokahanya matheba" - khatello ea maikutlo ea bakhachane e se e ntse e amahanngoa le keketseho ea mafu a 'maloa a methapo ea kutlo' me a mang a ona e le mathata a dopamine. Mathata a bophelo joaloka a bonoang ke autism le ADTH, ka mohlala, a atile haholo ho batho ba fetang nakong ea khatello ea pelehi. Boithuto bo bocha joale bo senola "pale e ka tlase" (kapa mofuta oa eona bonyane).

Empa thuto e bile le sephetho se seng se khahlisang: ha boits'oaro ba liphoofolo bo lekoa, 'me leha likhoto tse peli tsa "khatello ea maikutlo pele ho bokhachane" li sa kopane, ho makatsang ke hore tšebelisano ea `` khatello ea maikutlo ea bakhachane' 'ho na le boemo bo tloaelehileng e 'ngoe e ne e fapane haholo. Sena ke hobane phoofolo e tloaelehileng e ne e ka hlohlelletsa le ho qholotsa rat ho "hatelloa" ho bapala ho fihlela e arabela mme e qala ho sebelisana. Sena se tšehetsa mohopolo oa hore ho sebelisana le batho ba bang ho ka etsa phapang ea bohlokoa ho khutlisa litlamorao tsa khatello ea maikutlo pele ho tlhaho kapa bophelo ba pele bokong. E boetse e senola boemo bo khahlisang ba kutloelo-bohloko lipakeng tsa liphoofolo, mohopolo oo haufinyane o qalileng ho fuoa tlhokomelo e ngata.

http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v38/n10/index.html