Letsatsi: Pulungoana ea 6, 2017
Mohloli: University of Maryland School of Medicine
Kakaretso: Ho sithabela maikutlo ho ama batho ba fetang limilione tse 300 selemo le selemo. Hona joale, phuputso e ncha e bontšitse hore na mofuta o itseng oa lefutso o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa joang - ekaba ho sireletsa khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho baka moea o theohelang, ho latela boemo ba ona ba tšebetso.
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Lefatšeng ka bophara, khatello ea maikutlo e ama batho ba fetang limilione tse 300 selemo se seng le se seng. Hoo e ka bang batho ba 800,000 ba bolaoa ke ho ipolaea selemo se seng le se seng - ke sesosa sa bobeli se lebisang lefung ho batho ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 15 ho isa ho 29. Ntle ho moo, khatello ea maikutlo e senya boleng ba bophelo bakeng sa bakuli ba mashome a limilione le malapa a bona. Leha mabaka a tikoloho a bapala maemong a mangata a khatello ea maikutlo, liphatsa tsa lefutso le tsona li bohlokoa haholo.
Hona joale, phuputso e ncha ea bafuputsi Univesithing ea Maryland School of Medicine (UM SOM) e supile hore na lefutso le le leng le bapala karolo e kholo joang - ekaba ho sireletsa khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho baka moea o theohelang, ho latela boemo ba ona ba tšebetso.
Thuto, e hatisitsoeng ho Journal of Neuroscience, ke ea pele ho bonesa ka ho qaqileng hore na mofuta ona o itseng, o tsejoang ka hore ke Slc6a15, o sebetsa joang ka mofuta oa neuron o phethang karolo ea bohlokoa ho tepelletseng maikutlo. Boithuto bona bo fumane khokahano ho liphoofolo le batho.
"Phuputso ena e hlile e bonesa leseli la hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso li-neuron tsena li ama maikutlo joang," ho boletse mongoli ea phahameng oa thuto, Mary Kay Lobo, motlatsi oa moprofesa Lefapheng la Anatomy le Neurobiology. "E fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le maemo a fetotsoeng a lefutso lena libakeng tse ling tsa boko ba ka ba le kotsi e kholo ea khatello ea maikutlo le mathata a mang a maikutlo a amanang le khatello ea maikutlo."
Ka 2006, Dr. Lobo le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba ile ba fumana hore mofuta oa Slc6a15 o atile haholo har'a methapo ea kutlo e itseng bokong. Ba sa tsoa bontša hore li-neuron tsena li bohlokoa ho tepelleng maikutlo. Kaha lefutso lena le sa tsoa ameha ho khatello ea maikutlo ke bafuputsi ba bang, laboraka ea hae e nkile qeto ea ho fuputsa karolo ea eona ho li-neuron tsena. Thutong ena ea morao-rao, eena le sehlopha sa hae ba ile ba shebana le karolo ea boko e bitsoang nucleus accumbens. Sebaka sena se bapala karolo ea bohlokoa "potoloho ea moputso" ea boko. Ha o ja lijo tse hlabosang, o etsa thobalano, o noa joala, kapa o na le boiphihlelo bo bong bo khahlisang, li-neuron tse li-nucleus accumbens lia ts'oaroa, ho o tsebisa hore boiphihlelo bo ntse bo penya likonopo tse nepahetseng. Ho tepella maikutlo, mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa monyaka o ba thata kapa o ke ke oa khoneha; letšoao lena le tsejoa e le anhedonia, leo ka Selatine le bolelang ho se khone ho fumana monate.
Bafuputsi ba ile ba tsepamisa maikutlo ho subset ea li-neuron ka har'a li-nucleus tse bitsoang D2 neurons. Li-neurons tsena li arabela ho dopamine ea neurotransmitter, e bapala karolo ea mantlha potolohong ea moputso.
Ba ithutile litoeba tse pepesehelang ho tepella maikutlo; ha ba le tlasa khatello ea maikutlo sechabeng - ho pepesehela litoeba tse kholo le tse mabifi - ba tloaetse ho ikhula le ho bonts'a boits'oaro bo bonts'ang khatello ea maikutlo, joalo ka ho ikhula sechabeng le ho hloka thahasello lijong tseo ba tloaetseng ho li thabela. Dr. Lobo o fumane hore ha liphoofolo tsena li le tlasa khatello ea maikutlo e sa foleng ea sechaba, litekanyetso tsa lefutso la Slc6a15 li-neuron tsa D2 tsa li-nucleus accumbens li fokotsehile haholo.
Bafuputsi ba boetse ba ithutile litoeba tseo ho tsona gene e neng e fokotsehile ho li-neuron tsa D2. Ha litoeba tseo li sithabetsoa, li ile tsa bonts'a matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha bafuputsi ba ntlafatsa maemo a Slc6a15 ho li-neuron tsa D2, litoeba li ile tsa bontša karabelo e tsitsitseng khatello ea maikutlo.
Ka mor'a moo, Dr. Lobo o ile a sheba batho ba nang le nalane ea khatello ea maikutlo le ba neng ba ipolaile. Ho bokellane ba bokase ba methapo ena, mofuta oa gene o ile oa fokotsoa. Sena se bontša hore khokahano lipakeng tsa gene le boitšoaro li fetela ho litoeba ho batho.
Ha ho hlake hantle hore na Slc6a15 e sebetsa joang bokong. Dr. Lobo o re e ka sebetsa ka ho fetola maemo a methapo ea kelello bokong, khopolo eo e nang le bopaki bo tsoang liphuputsong tse ling. O re lipatlisiso tsa hae li ka qetella li lebisitse ho kalafo tse lebisitsoeng ho Slc6a15 e le mokhoa o mocha oa ho phekola khatello ea maikutlo.
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