Ho khotsofatsa le ho se sebetse ha erectile: tlhaloso e akaretsang (2008)

Hypogonadism le dysfunction ea erectile: kakaretso.

thuto e felletseng - pdf

Koranta ea Asia ea Andrology (2008) 10, 36–43; doi:10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00375.x

Nilgun Gurbuz, Elnur Mammadov le Mustafa Faruk Usta

Karolo ea Andrology, Lefapha la Urology, Sekolo sa Bongaka sa Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey

Sengoloa: Ngaka ea Mustafa Faruk Usta, Karolo ea Andrology, Lefapha la Urology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Kampus 07070, Antalya, Turkey. Fekse: + 90-242-237-6343. Lengolo-tsoibila: [imeile e sirelelitsoe]; [imeile e sirelelitsoe]

inahaneloang

Ho batho androgen e theoha e hlahisoa e le setšoantšo sa tliliniki e kenyelletsang takatso e fokotsehileng ea thobalano, bokhoni bo fokotsehang ba ho ikatisa, ho lieha kapa ho se be teng kahare le ho fokotsa thabo ea thobalano. Ho kenyelletsa moo, liphetoho mokhoeng oa ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, ho fokotseha ho ba hantle, mokhathala, khatello ea maikutlo le ho se ts'oanehe ho boetse ho amana le ho haella ha androgen. Karolo e mahlonoko ea li-androgens kholisong, kholo, le botsitso ba botoneng e amohetsoe hohle. Le ha ho le joalo, phello e tobileng ea androgens ho erectile physiology e ntse e sa reroa, lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa liteko li atisitse kutloisiso ea rona mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa androgens le ts'ebetso ea erectile. Boithuto ba preclinical bo bonts'itse hore ho haelloa ke androgen ho lebisa ho penile ea lithane tsa methapo le liphetoho lipakeng tsa methapo ea botona. Ho feta moo, khaello ea androgen e bakile ho bokella mafura a nang le lisele le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea liprotheine ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo le methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo (eNOS le nNOS), le mofuta oa phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5). Ka leseli la lingoliloeng tsa morao-rao, re ikemiselitse ho hlahisa phello e tobileng ea androgens mehahong, nts'etsopele le botsitso ba linoko tsa penile le phokotso ea mmele ea erectile. Furhermore, ho ea ka lithuto tsa tliliniki re phethela tsa aetiology, pathophysiology, prevalance, diagnosis le khetho ea kalafo ea hypogonadism ho banna ba tsofetseng.

Keywords:

testosterone, physiology ea erectile, matšoao a morao a ho qala hypogonadism
[

References

  1. Krause W, Mueller U, Mazur A. Ho lekanya maemo a steroid mathe phuputsong e thehiloeng ho baahi ea bophelo, maemo a bongaka, lenyalo, bophelo ba thobalano le boemo ba lihormone ho banna ba tsofetseng: thuto e ka khonehang. Monna ea tsofetseng 2002; 5: 203–15. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  2. Morales A, Buvat J, Gooren LJ, Guay AT, Kaufman JM, Tan HM, et al a. Likarolo tsa Endocrine tsa ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna. J Thobalano Med 2004; 1: 69-81. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  3. Saad F, Grahl AS, Aversa A, Yasin AA, Kadioglu A, Moncada I, et al a. Litlamorao tsa testosterone ts'ebetsong ea erectile: se boleloang ke kalafo ea ho se sebetse ha erectile. BJU Int 2007; 99: 988–92. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  4. El-Sakka AI, Hassoba HM. Ho felloa ke matla ha lilemo ho bakuli ba nang le ho se sebetse ha erectile. J Urol 2006; 176: 2589–93. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  5. Foresta C, Carretta N, Rossato M, Garolla A, Ferlin A. Karolo ea li-androgens ts'ebetsong ea erectile. J Urol 2000; 171: 2358-62. | Sehlooho se | ChemPort |
  6. Aversa A, Isidori AM, De Martino M, Caprio M, Fabrini E, Rocchietti-Hlakubele M, et al a. Androgens le penile erection: bopaki ba kamano e tobileng lipakeng tsa testosterone ea mahala le cavernous vasodilation ho banna ba nang le ho se sebetse ha erectile. Kliniki ea Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 53: 517–22. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  7. Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman Monghali. Litlamorao tsa botsofali ho li-testosterone kaofela le li-testosterone tsa mahala ho banna ba phetseng hantle. Baltimore Longitudinal Study ea Botsofali. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 724-31. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  8. Morley JE, Kaiser FE, Pery HM III. Liphetoho tsa longitudinal ho testosterone. Luteinizing hormone le follicle e susumetsang hormone ho banna ba baholo ba phetseng hantle. Metabolism 1997; 46: 410–3. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  9. Araujo AB, Esche GR, Kupelian V, O'Donnell AB, Travison TG, Williams RE, et al a. Ho ata ha khaello ea matšoao ea androgen ho banna. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4241-7. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  10. Makhsida N, Shah J, Yan G, Fish H, Shabsigh R. Hypogonadism le metabolic syndrome: se boleloang ke kalafo ea testosterone. J Urol 2005; 174: 827-34. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  11. Kratzik CW, Schatzl G, Lunglmayr G, Rücklinger E, Huber J. Phello ea lilemo, index ea boima ba 'mele le testosterone ho se sebetse ha erectile. J Urol 2005; 174: 240–3. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe |
  12. Kaplan SA, Meehan AG, Shah A. Ho fokotseha ho amanang le lilemo ho testosterone ho mpefala haholo ho banna ba batenya haholo ba nang le lefu la ts'oaetso. Litlamorao ke life bakeng sa ketsahalo e batlang e phahame ea ho se sebetse ha erectile ho bonoang ho banna baa?. J Urol 2006; EA-176 (4 Pt 1): 1524-7; puisano 1527-8. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  13. Guay A, Jacobsen J. Kamano lipakeng tsa maemo a testosterone, lefu la ts'oaetso (ka mekhoa e 'meli), ho hanyetsa insulin ho palo ea banna ba nang le ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile. J Ho Kopanela Liphate ka 2007; 4 (4 Pt 1): 1046-55. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  14. Zohdy W, Kamal EE, Ibrahim Y. Ho haella ha Androgen le likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa penile duplex ho banna ba batenya haholo ba nang le ho se sebetse ha erectile. J Ho Kopanela Liphate ka 2007; 4: 797-808. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe |
  15. Montorsi F, Oettel M. Testosterone le likhetho tse amanang le boroko: kakaretso. J Thobalano Med 2005; 2: 771-84. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  16. Traish AM, Guay A. Na li-androgens li bohlokoa bakeng sa li-penile erections ho batho? Hlahloba bopaki ba bongaka le ba pelehi. J Thobalano Med 2006; 3: 382-407. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  17. Traish AM, Goldstein I, Kim N. Testosterone le ts'ebetso ea erectile: ho tloha lipatlisisong tsa mantlha ho isa ho paradigm e ncha ea kliniki bakeng sa ho laola banna ba nang le bothata ba androgen le ho se sebetse ha erectile. Eur Urol 2007; 52: 54-70. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe |
  18. Keast JR, Gleeson RJ, Shulkes A, Morris MJ. Litla-morao le ho holofala ha testosterone ho terminal axon density le polelo ea neuropeptide ho rat vas deferens. Neuro-science 2002; 112: 291-398.
  19. Giuliano F, Rampin O, Schirar A, Jardin A, Rousseau JP. Taolo ea Autonomic ea penile erection: modulation ke testosterone ho rat. J Neuroendocrinol 1993; 5: 677-83. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  20. Rogers RS, Graziottin TM, Lin CM, Kan YW, Lue TF. Intra-cavernosal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) le ente e amanang le vaerase e sebelisanang le kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea VEGF e thibela le ho khutlisa ts'oaetso ea venogenic erectile likhoto. Int J Imp Res 2003; 15: 26-37. | Sehlooho se | ChemPort |
  21. Suzuki N, Sato Y, Hisasue SI, Kato R, Suzuki K, Tsukamato T.Phello ea testosterone khatellong ea intracavernosal e hlahisitsoeng ke ts'usumetso ea tlholeho ea sebaka sa hae sa pele le methapo e meholo ea likhoto tsa banna. J Androl 2007; 28: 218–22. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  22. Lugg JA, Rajfer J, Gonzales-Cadavid NF. Dihydrotestosterone ke eona androgen e sebetsang ho boloka penile erection e kenang ka har'a rat. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 1495-501. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  23. Seo SI, Kim SW, Paick JS. Litholoana tsa androgen ho penile reflex, karabelo ea erectile ho ts'usumetso ea motlakase le ts'ebetso ea penile NOS ho rat. Asia J Androl 1999; 1: 169-74. | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  24. Schirar A, Bonnefond C, Meusnier C, Devinoy E. Androgens modulate nitric oxide synthase Messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the neurons of he main pelvic ganglion ho rat. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 3093-102. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  25. Zhang XH, Morelli A, Luconi M, Vignozzi L, Filippi S, Marini M, et al a. Testosterone e laola polelo ea PDE-5 le karabelo ea vivo ho tadalafil ho rat corpus cavernosum. Eur Urol 2005; 47: 409-16. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  26. Morelli A, Filippi S, Mancina R, Luconi M, Vignozzi L, Marini M, et al a. Androgens e laola phospodiesterase mofuta oa 5 polelo le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ho corpora cavernosa. Endocrinology 2004; 146: 2253-63. | Sehlooho se | ChemPort |
  27. Armagan A, Kim NN, Goldstein I, Traish AM. Kamano ea karabelo ea likhalo lipakeng tsa testosterone le ts'ebetso ea erectile: bopaki ba boteng ba monyako o boima. J Androl 2006; 27: 517-26. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  28. Traish AM, Park K, Dhir V, Kim NN, Moreland RB, Goldstein I. Litlamorao tsa ts'oaetso le phetoho ea androgen ts'ebetsong ea erectile ka mofuta oa mmutlanyana. Endocrinology 1999; 140: 1861-8. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  29. Shen ZJ, Zhou XL, Lu YL, Chen ZD. Phello ea khaello ea androgen ho sebopeho sa penile. Asia J Androl 2003; 5: 33-6. | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  30. Tlokotsi AM, Toselli P, Jeong SJ, Kim NN. Pokello ea Adipocyte ho penile corpus cavernosum ea mmutlanyana o nang le 'mele: mokhoa o ka bang teng oa ho se sebetse ha venoocclusive khaellong ea androgen. J Androl 2005; 26: 242-8. | E fetotsoe |
  31. Bhasin S, Taylor WE, Singh R, Artaza J, Sinha-Hikim I, Jasuja R, et al a. Mechini ea litlamorao tsa androgen popehong ea 'mele: lisele tsa mesenchymal pluripotent ha a ntse a shebile ketso ea androgen. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003; 58: M1103-10. | E fetotsoe |
  32. Singh R, Artaza JN, Taylor WE, Gonzales-Cadavid NF, Bhasin S. Androgens e hlohlelletsa phapang ea myogenic le ho thibela adipogenesis ho C3H 10T1 / 2 lisele tsa pluripotent ka tsela e amoheloang ke androgen. Endocrinology 2003; 144: 5081-8. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  33. Corradi LS, Goes RM, Carvalho HF, Taboga SR. Thibelo ea 5alphaKetsahalo ea -reductase e etsa hore ho be le phapang pakeng tsa "stromal" le "boreleli" ho "gerbil ventral prostate" ea motho e moholo. Phapang 2004; 72: 198-208. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  34. Zhang XH, Filippi S, Morelli A, Vignozzi L, Luconi M, Donati S, et al a. Testosterone e khutlisetsa ho se sebetse ha erectile e bakoang ke lefu la tsoekere le karabelo ea sildenafil mefuteng e 'meli ea liphoofolo e nang le lefu la tsoekere. J Thobalano Med 2006; 3: 253-64. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  35. Cohan P, Korenmann SG. Ho se sebetse ha Erectile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 2391–4. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  36. Jannini EA, Screponi E, Carosa E, Pepe M, Lo Guidice F, Trimarchi F, et al a. Ho haelloa ke thobalano ho tsoa ho ho se sebetse ha erectile ho amahanngoa le phokotso e fetolehang ea serum tstosterone. Int J Androl 1999; 22: 385–92. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  37. Becker AJ, Ückert S, Stief CG, Scheller F, Knapp WH, Hartmann U, et al a. Maqhubu a Cavernous le systemic testosterone maemong a fapaneng a penile ho banna ba phetseng hantle le bakuli ba nang le ho se sebetse ha erectile. Urology 2001; 58: 435-40. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  38. Carani C, Scuteri A, Marrama P, Bancroft J. Litlamorao tsa testosterone Administartion le pono e tsosang takatso ea ho ts'oaroa ha bosiu bosiu ho banna ba tloaelehileng. Horm Behav 1990; 24: 435-41. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  39. Aversa A, Isidori AM, Spera G, Lenzi A, Fabbri A. Androgens ntlafatsa cavernous vasodilation le karabelo ho sildenafil ho bakuli ba nang le ho se sebetse ha erectile. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003; 58: 632-8. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  40. Cunningham GR, Hirshkowitz M. Thibelo ea steroid 5 alpha-reductase e nang le finasteride: Litokiso tse amanang le boroko, potency le libido ho banna ba phetseng hantle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 1934-40. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  41. Tosti A, Pazzaglia M, Soli M, Rossi A, Rebora A, Atzori L, et al a. Tlhatlhobo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano le index ea machabeng ea ts'ebetso ea erectile lithutong tse nkang finasteride bakeng sa androgenetic alopecia. Arch Dermatol 2004; 140: 857-8. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  42. Rosen RC, Giuliano F, Carson CC. Ho se sebetse ka thobalano le matšoao a tlase a ho ntša metsi (LUTS) a amanang le benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Eur Urol 2005; 47: 824-37. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI |
  43. Peters CA, PC ea Walsh. Phello ea nafarelin acetate, e luteinizing-hormone-e lokollang hormone agonist, ho benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Eng J Med 1987; 317: 599-604. | ChemPort |
  44. Eri LM, Tveter KJ. Polokeho, litla-morao le bakuli ho amohela hormone ea luteinizing e khutlisetsang hormone agonist leuprolide ha a phekola benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 1994; 152: 448-52. | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  45. Schiavi RC, Schreiner-Engel P, Mandeli J, Schanzer H, Cohen E. Botsofali bo botle le ho se sebetse ha banna ka thobalano. Ke J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 766-41. | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  46. Cunningham GR, Karacan I, Ware JC, Lantz GD, Thornby JI. Kamano e pakeng tsa serum testosterone le maemo a prolactin le nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) ho banna ba se nang matla. J Androl 1982; 3: 241-7.
  47. Kwan M, Greeleaf WJ, Mann J, Crapo L, Davidson JM. Sebopeho sa ketso ea androgen mabapi le thobalano ea banna: Phuputso e kopaneng ea boithuto ba boithuto ho banna ba hypogonadal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 557-62. | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  48. Schiavi RC, White D, Mandeli J. Pituitary-gonadal e sebetsa nakong ea boroko ho banna ba tsofetseng ba phetseng hantle. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1992; 17: 599-609. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  49. Liu PY, Yee B, Wishart SM, Jimenez M, Jung DG, Grunstein RR, et al a. Litlamorao tsa testosterone ea nako e khuts'oane ho robala, ho hema le ho sebetsa ho banna ba baholo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 3605–13. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  50. Guay AT, Jacobsen J, Perez JB, Hodge MB, Velasquez E. Clomiphene e eketsa litekanyetso tsa testosterone tsa mahala ho banna ba nang le hypogonadism ea bobeli le ho se sebetse ha erectile: Ke mang ea sa etseng molemo le ea sa ruang molemo? Int J Imp Res 2003; 15: 156-65. | Sehlooho se | ChemPort |
  51. Tancredi A, Reginster JY, Schleich F, Pire G, Maassen P, Luyckx F, et al a. Thahasello ea khaello ea androgen ho banna ba tsofetseng ba lipotso tsa lipotso tsa ADAM o khetholla hypogonadism ho baithaopi ba banna ba tsofetseng. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 151: 355-60. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  52. Heinemann LA, Saad F, Heinemann K, Setereke sa Thai. Na liphetho tsa sekala sa Banna ba Tsofetseng (AMS) li ka bolela esale pele tsa sekala sa ho lekola khaello ea androgen? Monna ea tsofetseng 2004; 7: 211-8. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  53. Corona G, Mannucci E, Petrone L, Balercia G, Fisher AD, Chiarini V, et al a. ANDROTEST: Puisano e hlophisitsoeng e matlafatsang ho hlahloba hypogonadism ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate. J Thobalano Med 2006; 3: 706–15. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe |
  54. Nieschlag E, Mauss J, Coet A, Kicovic P.Plasma le maemo a androgen ho banna kamora tsamaiso ea molomo ea testosterone kapa testosterone undeconate. Acta Endocrinologica 1975; 79: 366-74. | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  55. Schulte-Beerbühl M, Nieschlag E. Ho bapisoa ha testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, hormone ea luteinizing, le follicle e tsosang li-hormone serum kamora ho kenngoa ka testosterone enanthate kapa testosterone cypionate. Fert Steril 1980; 33: 201-3.
  56. Behre HM, von Rckardstein S, Kliesch S, Nieschlag E. Phekolo ea nako e telele ea banna ba hypogonadal ba nang le testosterone e fetisisang ho feta lilemo tse 7-10. Kliniki ea Endocrinol 1999; 50: 629-35. | Sehlooho se | ChemPort |
  57. Dobs AS, Meikle W, Arver S, Sanders SW, Caramelli KE, Mazer NA. Pharmacokinetics, ts'ebetso, le polokeho ea sistimi e ntlafalitsoeng ea testosterone transdermal ha e bapisoa le liente tsa biweekly tsa testosterone enanthate bakeng sa kalafo ea banna ba hypogonadal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3469-78. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  58. Wang C, Cunningham G, Dobs A, Iranmanesh A, Matsumato AM, Synder PJ, et al a. Kalafo ea testosterone ea nako e telele (AndroGel) e boloka litlamorao tse ntle ts'ebetsong ea thobalano le maikutlo, boima bo mafura le mafura, le letsoalo la masapo a masapo ho banna ba hypogonadal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2085-98. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  59. Korbonits M, Slawik M, Cullen D, Ross RJ, Stalla G, Schneider H, et al a. Papiso ea testosterone bioadhesive buccal system, striant, e nang le sekhomaretsi sa testosterone ho banna ba hypogonadal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2039-43. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  60. Schubert M, Minnemann T, Hübler D, Rouskova D, Christoph A, Oettel M, et al a. Testosterone undeconate ea mesifa: likarolo tsa pharmacokinetic tsa popo ea testosterone nakong ea kalafo ea banna ba nang le hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 5429-34. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  61. Jain P, Rademaker A, McVary K. Testosterone tlatsetso bakeng sa ho se sebetse ha erectile: liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea meta. J Urol 2000; 164: 371-5. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  62. Morales A, Johnston B, Heaton JP, Lundie M. Testosterone tlatsetso bakeng sa ho hloka matla ha hypogonadal: tlhahlobo ea mehato ea biochemical le sephetho sa kalafo. J Urol 1997; 157: 849-54. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  63. Buvat J, Lemaire A. Ho hlahlojoa ha Endocrine ho banna ba 1 022 ba nang le ho se sebetse ha erectile: bohlokoa ba bongaka le leano le bolokang chelete. J Urol 1997; 158: 1764-7. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  64. Wang C, Swedloff RS, Iranmanesh A, Dobs A, Snyder PJ, Cunningham G, et al a. Sehlopha sa Boithuto sa Testosterone Gel. Transdermal testosterone gel e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano, maikutlo, matla a mesifa le likarolo tsa sebopeho sa 'mele ho banna ba hpogonadal. J Kliniki Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2839-53. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  65. Isidori AM, Giannetta E, Gianfrilli D, Greco EA, Bonifacio V, Aversa A, et al a. Litla-morao tsa testosterone mabapi le ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho banna Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005; 63: 381–94. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  66. Yassin AA, Saad F. Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho banna ba nang le hypogonadism ea morao-rao ba tšoaroang ka testosterone feela. J Ho Kopanela Liphate ka 2007; 4: 497-501. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  67. Kalinchenko SY, Kozlov GI, Gontcharov NP, Katsiya GV. Oral testosterone undeconate e fetola ho se sebetse ha erectile ho amanang le lefu la tsoekere ho bakuli ba sa sebetseng kalafo ea sildenafil citrate feela. Monna ea tsofetseng 2003; 6: 94-9. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  68. Shabsigh R, Kaufman JM, Steidle C, Padma-Nathan H. Boithuto bo sa sebetseng ba gel ea testosterone e le kalafo e thusang ho sildenafil ho banna ba hypogonadal ba nang le ho se sebetse ha erectile ba sa arabeleng sildenafil feela. J Urol 2004; 172: 658-63. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  69. Greenstein A, Mabjeesh NJ, Sofer M, Kaver I, Matzkin H, Chen J. Na sildenafil e kopaneng le gel ea testosterone e ntlafatsa ho se sebetse ha erectile ho banna ba hypogonadal bao testosterone e tlatsetsang kalafo feela e hlōlehileng? J Urol 2005; 173: 530–2. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ISI | ChemPort |
  70. Yassin AA, Saad F, Diede HE. Phekolo ea ho kopanya le testosterone le tadalafil ho bakuli ba hypogonadal ba nang le erectile dysfunction ba sa arabeng tadalafil e le monotherapy (ka Sejeremane). Blickpunkt DER MANN 2003; 2: 37-9.
  71. El-Sakka AI, Hassoba HM, Elbakry AM, Hassan HA. Prostatic antigen e khethehileng ho bakuli ba nang le hypogonadism: phello ea phetolo ea testosterone. J Thobalano Med 2005; 2: 235-40. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |
  72. Saad F, Kamischke A, Yasin A, Zitzmann M, Schubert M, Jockenhovel F, et al a. Boiphihlelo bo fetang ba lilemo tse robeli ka nalane ea testosterone e sebetsanang le nako e telele e sa sebetseng. Asia J Androl 2007; 9: 291-7. | Sehlooho se | E fetotsoe | ChemPort |