Int J Impot Res. 2002 Dec;14(6):422-32.
Prins J1, Blanker MH, Bohnen AM, Thomas S, Bosch JL.
inahaneloang
Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng e ile ea etsoa mabapi le ho ata ha erectile dysfunction (ED) bathong ka kakaretso. Ho ile ha fumanoa lithuto tse ileng tsa tlaleha litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha ED ho bongata ka kakaretso. Re sebelisa lenane la mekhoa le ntlafalitsoeng ka mokhoa o ikhethang, boleng ba mekhoa ea lithuto tsena bo ile ba hlahlojoa mme lintlha tsa litefiso tsa ho ata tsa tlosoa. Re supile lithuto tsa 23 tse tsoang Europe (15), USA (5), Asia (2) le Australia (1). Lethathamong la rona la lintlha tsa 12, ntho ea boleng ba mekhoa e thehiloe ho 5 ho isa 12. Ho ata ha ED ho tloha ho 2% ho banna ba ka tlase ho 40 y ho 86% ho banna 80 y le ba baholo. Papiso pakeng tsa tlhaiso ea data e atisoa ke phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lithuto, haholo ts'ebelisong ea lipotso le litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa ED. Re hatella bohlokoa ba ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseling eohle e hlokahalang ha re fana ka tlaleho ka tlhaelo-pele ea ED. Ho feta moo, ho lokela ho etsoa lithuto tsa machabeng ho netefatsa ho ata ha 'nete ea linaha tsa linaha tsohle.
PMID: 12494273
DOI: 10.1038 / sj.ijir.3900905
Selelekela
Patlisiso ea Epidemiological mabapi le ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile dysfunction (ED) e ntse e hola ka potlako 'me lithuto tse mabapi le ho ata ha ED ho baahi ka kakaretso li sa tsoa hatisoa. Kamora nako, litlhahlobo tse 'maloa tse senang tsamaiso li akaretsitse likhetho ho lithuto tsena.1,2,3,4,5 Le ha boholo ba litlhahlobo tsena li fihlela qeto ea hore ho ata ha ED ho fapana pakeng tsa lithuto, tlhaloso ea litlhahlobo tsena e sitisoa ke mathata a mangata. Taba ea pele, mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa khetho ea lingoliloeng ha e hlahisoe ho e 'ngoe ea litlhahlobo, bobeli, ha ho fanoe ka maikutlo mabapi le bonnete ba lithuto tse arohaneng,' me ea boraro, ha ho tsotelloe hanyane litlhaloso tsa ED tse sebelisitsoeng. Liphoso tsena li tsamaisana le tse fumanoeng litlhahlobisong tsa mafu a sethepu lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lipatlisiso.6 Ho hlakisa ho ata ha ED ho bongata ka kakaretso, ho ile ha etsoa liphuputso ka tatellano moo ho ileng ha tsepamisa maikutlo ho boleng ba lithuto le boleng ba lithuto. Bakeng sa sepheo sena, lenane la litekanyetso bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea nnete ea lithuto tse atileng li thehiloe.
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
Leqheka la ho batla
Ka December 2001, patlisiso e entsoe ho tloha 1966 ho fihlela ka December 2001 sebakeng sa polokelo ea Medline le Psychinfo o sebelisa mantsoe a latelang: [impotence OR erectile dysfunction OR sex dysfunction] LE [bongata ka kakaretso AU ea sechaba kapa e thehiloeng ke sechaba OR lefu la seoa]. Lintho tsohle li ne li batloa ho sebelisoa 'Masimo ohle'. Patlo ea lingoliloeng e ne e lekanyelitsoe lipuong tsa Senyesemane le Sedache.
Litlhaku le litlolo tsa lingoloa tse phatlalalitsoeng li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka boikemelo (ke JP le MHB) ho tseba bohlokoa ba lingoliloeng. Mongolo o mong le o mong o ne o khethiloe e le 'ho kenyelletsa', 'ho hloka botsitso' kapa 'ho khetholloa'. Maemong a ho se lumellane pakeng tsa bahlahlobisisi bao ba babeli, ho ile ha lumellanoa ho rarolla qabang eo. Kamora sena, lintlha tse qheletsoeng ka thoko li ne li se li sa nkuoe. Manane a litšupiso a lingoliloeng tse kenyellelitsoeng a ile a hlahlojoa ho bona hore na ho na le lithuto tse ling tse sa fumaneheng Medline kapa lethathamong la litsebi tsa kelello.
Khetho ea lithuto
Lithuto tse kenyelelitsoeng li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka botlalo (ke JP le MHB) ho etsa likhetho tsa ho qetela tsa lithuto bakeng sa tlhahlobo. Ho tšoaneleha e ne e le lithuto tse nang le moralo oa lipatlisiso tsa karolo e akaretsang kapa lithuto tsa sehlopha sa basali tse neng li kenyelletsa banna ba tsoang bathong ka kakaretso mme ba tlaleha datha ea mantlha mabapi le litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha erectile dysfunction. Lipampiri tse neng li entsoe ka litlatse tse tlotsitsoeng feela li ne li sa tloheloa.
Tlhahlobo ea boleng ba mokhoa
Kahlolong ea boleng ba mokhoa oa ts'ebetso likarolo tse peli tsa bonnete ba tsona li bohlokoa: netefatso ea kantle e amana le ts'ebetso ea sephetho sa ho ithuta ho baahi ba bang, athe netefatso ea kahare e bolela tekanyo e nepahetseng ntle le phoso e sa reroang. Kaha ha ho na lenane la litekanyetso bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba lithuto tse atileng ho fumaneha, lenane le ile la etsoa (bona Lethathamo 1), e kenyelletsang lintho tse tšeletseng ho netefatso ea kahare, lintho tse tšeletseng ho netefatsa kantle le lintho tse tharo ho tsebo. Lintho tsa morao-rao ha li kenyelelitsoe tekanyetsong ea boleng ba mekhoa empa li fana ka pontšo ea tlhahiso ea litlaleho. Lintho tsohle li filoe lintlha tse ntle kapa tse mpe ka boikemelo (ke JP le MHB) mme bohlokoa ba tsona bo ne bo sa lekantsoe. Bakeng sa mabaka a khonehang, tlhahlobo ea boleng e ne e sa etsoa tlasa maemo a boima. Ha ho sa lumellanoe, tumellano e ile ea fihleloa.
Lethathamo la 1: Litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba mekhoa ea lithuto tse atileng
Tlhaloso ea data
Ba sebelisa liforomo tse lekantsoeng, bahlahlobisisi ba babeli (JP le MHB) ka boithatelo ba ile ba ntša leseli le tlhahisoleseling lithutong tsa motho ka mong. Ha ho ne ho sa fanoe ka tlhahisoleseling kapa tlhaiso e sa lekanyetsoang ka sengateng seo, re ne re batla database ea Medline bakeng sa lipampiri tse ling thutong e le ngoe ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling e eketsehileng, re sebelisa mabitso a bangoli kapa lihlopha tse ikhethang tsa thuto. Bakeng sa mabaka a khonehang, ha ho boiteko bo entsoeng ho ikopanya ka ho toba le bangoli ba lipampiri tse hatisitsoeng.
Papiso ea lithuto
Mokhoa oa lithuto ka o mong o ile oa bapisoa ho bona hore na ho bapisoa ha sekhahla sa litekanyetso ho tla ba ho loketseng ebile ho na le moelelo.
Results
Khetho ea lithuto
Patlo ea mantlha e hlahisitsoeng ka tatellano ea 581, eo 63 e ileng ea khethoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e felletseng, ho kenyelletsa le 11 e neng e sa fumanehe e neng e sa fumanehe. Cheke ea lethathamo la lipampiri tsena e hlahisitse lintlha tse ling tsa 39, 'me 30 e ile ea khethoa hore e hlahlojoe ka botlalo. Kahoo, litemana tsa 93 li ile tsa hlahlojoa hore li tšoanelehe. Ho tsena, lipampiri tsa 47 li ile tsa siuoa ka mabaka a latelang: ho haella ha data ea mantlha (n= 25, eo 13 eo ho eona e neng e le lingoloa tsa tlhahlobo), palo ea lipatlisiso e sa tsoe ho bongata ka kakaretso (n= 8), pampiri e ne e na le li-abstract feela (n= 2), pampiri e ne e se na tlhahisoleseling ho ED (n= 8), ha ho na lintlha tse ling (n= 1), ha e fumanehe (n= 3). Lipampiri tse leshome li tsoa Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS); ho tsena, ho ne ho sebelisoa lipampiri tse 'ne ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling eohle e hlokahalang; tse ling tse tšeletseng ha lia fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e tlatselletsang tlhahlobisong ena. Sengoloa se le seng se fumanoe se na le tlhaiso-leseling e eketsehileng mabapi le lithuto tse khethiloeng. Qetellong, datha e tsoang ho lipampiri tsa 40 e fane ka tlhahisoleseling ho lithuto tsa 23.7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46 Ke lithuto tse peli feela ho tsena tse khethiloeng ka mokhoa oa ho lekola lenane la litšupiso.
Tlhahlobo ea boleng ba mokhoa
Lethathamo 2 e bonts'a liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea boleng. Ka karolelano, lintho tsa 4.5 (li-1-6) tse sebetsang ka ntle li ile tsa fumaneha li le ntle, joalo ka 4.3 (mofuta 2-6) ka bonnete ba kahare. Ke lithuto tse peli feela tse fumanehileng li nepahetse bakeng sa litekanyetso tsohle tsa bonnete ba 12;40,41,45 leha ho le joalo, ha ho nahanoa ka potso e le 'ngoe ho ED, lithuto tsena ka bobeli li ile tsa nyonya hampe linthong tse peli (h 'me i) of netefatso ya kahare.
Tafole 2: Tlhahlobo e phatlalalitsoeng ea selemo le tlhahlobo ea boleng ba lithuto tse khethiloeng
Tlhaloso ea palo e khethiloeng ea lithuto
Tlhaloso ea palo ea baahi e kenyelelitsoeng lithutong tse khethiloeng e fuoa Lethathamo 3. Lithutong tsa 11, litekanyetso tsa ho tšoaneleha ha lia ka tsa hlalosoa. Ha ho na tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le lingoli e neng e fumaneha lithutong tsa 11, athe lithutong tse hlano tse ithutoang lintlha tse ikhethileng li fumanoe ho (sampole ea) ba sa ngolang mangolo; lithuto tse ling tse supileng li bapisa litšobotsi tsa motho ea nkang karolo litlalehong tsa kantle ho naha, rejista ea baahi ba mantlha kapa litšobotsi tsa bankakarolo ba pele. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, ka lebaka la mokhoa oa ho etsa sampole (stratified on Continence state), palo ea lipatlisiso e ne e sa khone ho akaretsoa sechabeng seo barupeluoa ba khethiloeng ho sona.7
Tafole 3: Tlhaloso ea palo ea batho ba fumanehang lithutong tse khethiloeng
Pokello ea data lithutong tse khethiloeng
Lethathamo 4 e thathamisa mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng ho fumana data mabapi le ts'ebetso ea erectile le litlhaloso tse sebelisitsoeng ho ED. Lithutong tsa 17 ho ile ha sebelisoa liphuputso tsa lipotso tse ikarabellang, lithuto tse tšeletseng li sebelisitse tlhahlobo ea lipotso, 'me lithutong tse hlano mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng e ne e sa boleloa.
Lethathamo la 4: Mokhoa o sebelisitsoeng ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile dysfunction, tlhaloso le litekanyetso tsa ho ata
Ho ile ha sebelisoa lipotso tse fapaneng ho lekola ED ho baahi. Makala ana a lipotso a ne a e-na le potso e le 'ngoe ho ED,7,8,9,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,22,23,24,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,40,41,42,43,44,45 kapa letoto la lipotso ho ED moo lintlha tsa kakaretso li nkiloeng teng.39,40,41,45
Lithutong tse peli, ho sebelisitsoe mekhoa e 'meli ho khetholla ED, ke hore, potso e le' ngoe ho ED le lipotso tse kholo.40,41,45 Ho MMAS, ho ile ha sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ho lekola ho hloka tharollo ho tsoa likarabo ho isa ho lipotso tse sa hlaka mabapi le thobalano.10 Litlalehong tsa pele ho ED, sampole ea urological e sebelisitsoe ka morero ona ('mokhoa oa kliniki'),10 athe litlalehong tsa morao-rao tse mabapi le data e telele, ho sebelisoa sampole ka boeona ('mokhoa oa MMAS').12 Mekhoa ena e 'meli e hlahisitse litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa tšoaetso.12
Tlhaloso ea ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile
Ha ho na tlhaloso ea ED e boletsoeng tlalehong e le 'ngoe, athe lithuto tse' ne li hlalosoa e le 'ho hloka matla', 'me lithuto tse tharo li hlalositse' erectile hard ',' erectilerema 'kapa' mathata a erection '. Lithutong tse setseng tsa 16 ho ile ha fanoa ka tlhaloso ea ED (bona Lethathamo 4).
Bokapele ba ho hlohlona ha erectile
Litefiso tsa prevalence li ne li fapana haholo (Lethathamo 4). Lithuto tsohle li bonts'itse keketseho ea bongata le botsofaling. Lithutong tse peli ha ho fanoe ka litlatsetso tse ikhethang tse amanang le lilemo.8,9,26 Litefiso tsa prevalence bakeng sa banna ba ka tlase ho 40 y ba tsofetse (ho tlalehiloe lithutong tse tšeletseng) ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 9%. Tekanyo ea ho ata ha banna ba baholo ho feta 70 y (e tlalehiloe lithutong tsa 13) e tloha ho 10 ho isa 71%, athe banna ba baholo ho feta 80 y (e tlalehiloe lithutong tse tharo) ho ata ha 18 ho 86%.
Ho bapisa ka ho otloloha ho teng ka bongata ho bile teng liparong tse peli feela tsa lithuto. Ho tlalehiloe liphihlelo lithutong tsa Olmsted County Study (OCS)14,15,16 le tlhahlobo ea Majapane32 li ne li batla li tšoana 'me li bontšitse keketseho e kholo ea tšoaetso kamora lilemo tsa 70. Phatlalatso e tlalehiloeng Leicestershire (UK)23 li ne li phahame haholo bakeng sa lihlopha tsa botsofe (60-69 le 70-79 y) ho feta tse tsoang ho Krimpen aan den IJssel (The Netherlands);43,44 ka papiso ena, lithutong tsa maDutch likarolo tsohle tsa boima ba ED li ne li kopane, hobane thuto ea UK ha e fane ka tlhahisoleseling ka mekhahlelo e thata ea thata ea ED.
Puisano
Ena ke tlhahlobo ea pele e hlophisitsoeng ea lingoliloeng tse lebisang tlhokomelo ho ateng ea ho senyeha ha erectile bathong ka kakaretso. Pejana, tlhaiso-leseling e neng e fumaneha tšimong ena e neng e hola ka potlako ea ho batla bocha e ne e khutsufalitsoe ka tsela e seng joalo.1,2,3,4,5,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54 kapa ntle le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho bongata ka kakaretso.55 Ka ho khetheha, ha ho na tlhahisoleseling mabapi le khetho ea lithuto tse kenyelelitsoeng1,2,3,4,5,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54 mme bonnete ba lithuto tse kenyelelitsoeng ha boa ka ba tšohloa ke bangoli.1,2,3,4,5,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55 Phuputsong ea hajoale, ho fanoa ka kakaretso ea lingoliloeng tse fumanehang 'me ho hlahisoa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba lithuto ka bomong, ho latela litaelo tse reriloeng tsa ho tlaleha litlhahlobo tse hlophisitsoeng.56,57
Khetho ea lithuto le tlhaiso ea data
Ke lithuto tse peli feela tse fumanoeng ka lethathamo la litšupiso, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore leano la ho batla la mantlha le ne le lekane. Boithuto bo tlalehiloeng libukeng bo ne bo sa kenyelletsoa tlhahlobo ea hajoale. Re nkile qeto ea ho se ikopanye le bangoli ba lithuto tse khethiloeng kaha sena se ka hlahisa khethollo; Bangoli ba lithuto tsa morao-rao ho ka ba bonolo ho ikopanya le bona, 'me tlhaiso-leseling e ka fumaneha habonolo ho feta ho tsoa lithuto tsa khale. Ka kakaretso, re lumela hore tlhahisoleseling e lokela ho fumaneha habonolo hore e sebelisoe ke babali ba lingoloa.
Tlhahlobo ea boleng ba mokhoa
Kaha ha ho na lenane la litekanyetso bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba mokhoa oa lithuto tse atileng ho fumaneha, re thehile lenane le joalo le ipapisitse le likhopolo tsa kelello le maikutlo a tloaelehileng (Lethathamo 1), e ka sebelisetsoang tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ea maemo a atileng bathong ka kakaretso.
Phapang e entsoeng pakeng tsa tse sebetsang le tse sa sebetseng ho latela lintlha tse akaretsang, le tšebeliso ea lintlha tse khaotsoeng ha li qholotso. E lokela ho hlokomeloa, leha ho le joalo, hore tse ling tsa lithuto tse khethiloeng li na le lipalo tse ngata tse mpe (Lethathamo 2). Ka boeona, thuto e kanna ea nepahala, empa haeba tlaleho e sa nepahala, ho bapisoa le lithuto tse ling le ts'ebeliso ea eona ho tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng, ho tla thibeloa.
Ntle le tlhahlobo ea boleng ka kakaretso, ho ka etsoa litlatsetso tse 'maloa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea bonnete, joalo ka boemeli ba palo ea batho ba ithutang (ntho d litekong tsa boleng). Lithutong tsa 11, sekhahla sa karabelo se ne se le tlase ho 70% mme data e sa lekaneng e ne e fumaneha ho boemeli ba sechaba. Ho lithuto tsena tse peli, tekanyo e tlase ea karabelo e ka hlalosoa ka boiteko bo matla bo hlokahalang ho tsoa ho barupeluoa kapa ho kenyelletsoa ha mehato e meng.23,31,32 Ho makatsang ke hore, lithutong tse tšeletseng, ha ho na tlhahisoleseling e fanoeng nakong ea thuto.
Litlhaloso tsa ED le lipampiri tsa lipotso
Leha bangoli ba fapaneng ba bua ka litlhaloso tsa tumellano ea ED - 'ho khona ho fihlela le ho boloka mohopolo o lekanetseng ho etsa thobalano e khotsofatsang'58-Ka litlalehong tsa bona, ke ba babeli feela ba sebelisitseng litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha palo.36,37,38 Moralo oa leqephe la lipotso o ka susumetsa sekhahla sa litekanyetso tse fumanoang ho sona; mohlala, tekanyo ea tekanyetso ea ED ho Cologne ED Potso ea lipotso e na le lipotso tse hlano tse amanang hantle;39 lintlha tse ntle holima potso e le 'ngoe li ka bolela lintlha tse ntle potsong e ngoe. Ntle le moo, tekanyo ea lintlha tse lekantsoeng la ED e kenyelitse potso mabapi le bokhoni ba ho fihlela orgasm;39 moaho ona o ka baka tsitsipano e kholo ea ho ata ha ED.
Ts'ebeliso ea sampole ea urological bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso ho MMAS e lebisitse ho ho eketseha ho atileng ha lefu la ED, le hlalositsoeng pampiring ea morao thutong ena.12 Karolong e telele ea thuto ea MMAS, potso e le 'ngoe ho ED e ile ea eketsoa lethathamong la lipotso, ea hlahisoa ke litekanyetso tse tlase, haholo-holo bakeng sa ba sa leka-lekanang ho ba matla.12,13
Lithutong tsa 14, ho ile ha sebelisoa potso e le 'ngoe ho fumana tlhahisoleseling mabapi le ts'ebetso ea erectile; leha ho le joalo, ha ho na lipotso tsena tse ileng tsa netefatsoa ka molao. Haufinyane, lithuto tse peli li bontšitse hore potso e le 'ngoe ho ED e ka sebelisoa lipatlisisong tsa lefu la seoa, empa mokhoa o hlakileng oa potso e joalo ha oa ka oa tšohloa.13,45 Leha ho le joalo, re nahana hore, ha e hlalositsoe hantle, lipotso tse le 'ngoe tse sebelisitsoeng lithutong tse ling li fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng.
Ho bapisoa ha litefiso tsa ho ata
Tlhahlobo ea hajoale e bonts'a hore lipalo tse tlalehiloeng tsa ED li fapana haholo le hore ho na le phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lithuto. Ka hona, ha ho hlake hore na ana a pharalletseng a fapaneng a bontša phapang ea 'nete lipakeng tsa linaha kapa phapang ea mekhoa. Ka maikutlo a rona, phapang e kholo ea mokhoa, haholo-holo litlhaloso tse fapaneng tse sebelisitsoeng, e sitisa papiso e tobileng ea litekanyetso tsa ho ata tse tlalehiloeng lithutong tse ngata. Ke lithuto tse fokolang feela tse ka bapisoang ka tsela e nang le morero.
Mohlala, meralo e ts'oanang ea OCS le thuto ea Majapane li lumella papiso ho etsoa.14,15,16,31,32 Litlalehong tsa OCS,14,15,16 leha ho le joalo, ha ho fanoe ka litekanyetso tse tobileng tsa ho ata ha ED, ntle le kabo ea likarabo tsa lipotso tse ikhethang tlalehong e kopaneng ea lithuto tsena ka bobeli.32 Re nkile litlatsetso tse tsoang tlalehong ena ea morao-rao: hore 44% (109 ho tsoa 245) ea banna bana ho tlalehiloe hore ba na le 'maqheka ha ho nako efe kapa efe'.32 Ho makatsang ke hore ts'oaetso ena ha e lumellane le tlaleho ea pejana eo ho eona bangoli ba reng 'liperesente tsa lithuto tse ileng tsa khona ho ba le li-erections hanyane kapa ha ho le e 'ngoe ea nako li eketsehile… ho feta kotara ea banna ba lilemo li 70 kapa ho feta'14
Lithuto tse tsoang Leicestershire (UK) le Krimpen aan den IJssel (The Netherlands) li sebelisitse moelelo o tšoanang le lipotso bong ba monna lipotso tsa lipotso).23,44 Phapang lipapaling tsa likotsi le maikutlo a fapaneng a bothata li ka kenya letsoho ho se khotsofatseng ho atileng ha tlaleho ea ED lipakeng tsa banna ba lilemo li 60 le ho feta; ho hlokahala lithuto tse ling hape ho hlalosa liphapang tsena.
Pejana ho ne ho fihleloe qeto ea hore litekanyetso tse tlase haholo Spain (ha li bapisoa le data ea MMAS) li ka hlahisoa ke liphapang tsa pono ea ED litsong tse fapaneng.45 Ka maikutlo a rona leha ho le joalo, ho se tšoane hona ho bakoa haholo ke ho se tšoane lipotsong tse sebelisitsoeng (bona Lethathamo 3).
Liphetho tse 'maloa li ka hlahisoa ke tlhahlobo ena e hlophisitsoeng ea lingoliloeng mabapi le ho ata ha ts'ebetso ea erectile bathong ka kakaretso. Taba ea pele, tlhaiso-leseling e litlalehong tse ngata ha e ea lekana ho fana ka datha e nepahetseng mabapi le sekhahla sa keketseho, ka hona e ke ke ea akaretsoa kapa ea sebelisoa ho fihlela sephetho sa ho bapisoa le lithuto tse ling. Taba ea bobeli, mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng ho fumana tlhahisoleseling mabapi le ts'ebetso ea erectile e fapana haholo. Phapang litlhaloso (tse tsoang liphatlalatsong tse fapaneng tsa lipotso) ke tsona tšitiso ea mantlha ea ho bapisa lits'oants'o tse tlalehiloeng. Taba ea boraro, lithutong tse ts'oanang, tlhaiso-leseling e ikhethileng mabapi le lilemo tse ikhethang le ho teba ha litekanyetso tse ikhethang tsa ED li haella, joalo ka ha ho na le leseli le mabapi le ho hlonama ka lihlahisoa tsena tsa ho ithuta.
Ha re fana ka tlaleho ka palo e hlahang ea ED, re hatella bohlokoa ba ho hlalosa tlhaiso-leseling eohle e nepahetseng bakeng sa tlhaiso ea data. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho ikemisetsa ho hlakisa hore na phapang e tlalehiloeng ka palo e hlahisoa ke phapang ea mekhoa feela, kapa e ka hlahisoa ke mabaka a setso kapa a mang. Lithuto tse kholo tsa machabeng tsa cohort li bonahala li na le moralo o nepahetseng ho rarolla lipotso tsena, empa ho sekaseka tlhaiso-leseling e fumanehang lithutong tse fumanehang, joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe tlhahlobisong ena, le eona e ka ba e loketseng.
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Liteboho
Bangoli ba leboha Mofumahali Arianne Verhagen ka litlhaloso tsa hae tsa mokhoa le litlhahiso mabapi le buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho.
Boitsebiso ba Mongoli
Litšebelisano
- Lefapha la Tloaelo e Akaretsang, Univesithi ea Erasmus Rotterdam, Netherlands
- J Prins
- , MH Blanker
- , AM Bohnen
- & S Thomas
- Lefapha la Urology, Univesithi ea Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- J Prins
- & JLHR Bosch
Mongoli ea tšoanang
Ngollano ho MH Blanker.
Litokelo le tumello
Ho fumana tumello ea ho sebelisa dikahare hape ketelong ena TokeloLink.
Mabapi le sengoloa sena
Nalane ea phatlalatso
E amohetse
12 February 2002
E hlalositsoe
06 June 2002
e hatisitsoeng
13 December 2002
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900905
Kopanela sehlooho sena
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