Mosebetsi oa thobalano ho 16- ho ba lilemo li 21 Brithani (2016)

YBOP COMMENTS:

Phuputso ena e tlalehile litefiso tse latelang tsa mathata a ho kopanela liphate ho banna ba lilemo li 16-21 (dintlha tse tsoang ho 2010-2012):

  • Ha ba thahaselle ho kopanela liphate: 10.5%
  • Bothata bo fihlang qetellong: 8.3%
  • Bothata ba ho fihlella kapa ho boloka erection: 7.8%

Litefiso tse ka holimo ke e phahametseng haholo ho feta tse tlalehiloeng pele ho nako ea ho qalat. Mohlala, litheko tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile bakeng sa banna ba ka tlase ho 40 li ne li lula li tlalehoa joalo ka 2% lithuto tse entsoeng pele ho selemo 2000. Ho 1940s, e Tlaleho ea Kinsey e fihlile hore ho ata ha ED ho ne ho le joalo tlase ho 1% ho banna ba banyenyane ho feta lilemo tse 30. Litefiso tsa ED bakeng sa banna 21 e ka 'na eaba li haufi le 1%. Haeba li-6-8 tsa lilemo tsa selemo li nepahetse sena e ne e tla bontša hore ho na le keketseho ea 400% -800% ho ED ea banna ba lilemo li 16-21! Seo se boletse, litefiso tsa thuto ena li tlase haholo ho feta lithuto tse ling tsa morao-rao tse mabapi le bahlankana (haholoholo litefiso tsa ED). Bona tlhahlobo ena bakeng sa lintlha le lithuto tse ling tse ngata: Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016).

Lintlha tse seng kae li ka 'na tsa ikarabella bakeng sa tlaleho e tlase tlasa mathata a thobalano:

1) Hore na boitsebiso bo bokelitsoe joang:

"Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa lipotso lapeng ke moqoqo ea koetlisitsoeng, ba sebelisa motswako oa lipotso tse tobileng tse thusitsoeng ka khomphutha ba thusitsoeng ka kotloloho (CASI) bakeng sa lipotso tse thata"

Ho ka etsahala hore bacha ba ka ba tlase ho feta ho hlahella sefahleho sefahleho le lipotso tsa lapeng. Liphuputso tsa morao-rao tse fumaneng litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mathata a thobalano ho bacha e ne e le lipatlisiso tse sa tsejoeng inthaneteng. Ka mohlala, sena Thuto ea 2014 ho bacha ba Canada ba tlaleha hore 53.5% ea banna ba lilemo li 16-21 ba na le matšoao a bontšang bothata ba botona le botšehali. Ho se sebetse ha Erectile ho ne ho tloaelehile ka ho fetisisa (27%), ho lateloa ke takatso ea ho kopanela liphate (24%), le mathata a nang le orgasm (11%).

2) Phuputso e ile ea bokella lintlha tsa eona lipakeng tsa Phato, 2010 le Loetse, 2012. Ke lilemo tse 6-8 tse fetileng. Boithuto bo tlalehang keketseho e kholo ho ED ea bocha e hlahile ka lekhetlo la pele ho 2011.

3) Lithuto tse ling tse ngata li sebelisitse IIEF-5 kapa IIEF-6, e bonts'ang mathata a thobalano ka tekanyo, ho fapana le e bonolo e or Che (lilemong tse fetileng tsa 3) tse sebelisitsoeng pampiring e teng hona joale.


Journal ea Bophelo ba Bacha

E fumaneha Inthaneteng 3 August 2016

Kirstin R. Mitchell, Ph.D.a, b,, ,Rebecca Geary, Ph.D.c, Cynthia Graham, Ph.D.d, Soazig Cliftonc, Katherine H. Mercer, Ph.D.c, Ruth Lewis, Ph.D.a, e, Wendy Macdowall, M.Sc.a, Jessica Datta, M.Sc.a, Anne M. Johnson, MDc, Kaye Wellings, FRCOGa

doi: 10.1016 / j.jadohealth.2016.05.017

inahaneloang

morero

Matšoenyeho ka thobalano ea bacha a shebile tlhoko ea ho thibela litholoana tse kotsi joalo ka mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano le bokhachane bo sa reroang. Leha melemo ea pono e pharalletseng e ananeloa, lintlha tse mabapi le likarolo tse ling tsa thobalano, haholo ts'ebetso ea thobalano, ha li na thuso. Re batlile ho sebetsana le lekhalo lena ka ho lekanya bongata ba mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano, ho thusa ho batla le ho qoba thobalano ho bacha.

mekhoa

Phuputso e entsoeng ka sekhahla (Natsal-3) ea basali ba 15,162 le banna ba Brithani (tekanyo ea likarabo: 57.7%), ba sebelisa lipuisano tsa boipiletso ba li-computer. Lintlha li tsoa ho 1875 (71.9%) tsa thobalano, 'me 517 ha e sebetse ka thobalano (18.7%), ba nang le karolo ba lilemo li 16-21. Mehato e ne e le lintho tse se nang molekane ka mokhoa o tiisitsoeng oa ts'ebetso ea thobalano (Natsal-SF).

Results

Har'a barupeluoa ba lilemo li 16 ho isa ho tse 21 ba etsang thobalano, 9.1% ea banna le 13.4% ea basali ba tlalehile bothata bo sithabetsang ba thobalano bo nkileng likhoeli tse 3 kapa ho feta selemong se fetileng. E tloaelehileng haholo har'a banna e ne e fihla sehlohlolong ka potlako (4.5%), mme har'a basali ho ne ho le thata ho fihla sehlohlolong (6.3%). Ba fetang karolo ea boraro (35.5%) ea banna le basali ba 42.3% ba tlalehang bothata ba ne ba batlile thuso, empa hangata ho tsoa mehloling ea litsebi. Har'a ba neng ba sa ka ba etsa thobalano selemong se fetileng, ke feela> 10% ea bahlankana le baroetsana ba reng ba qobile thobalano ka lebaka la mathata a thobalano.

Nahanisisa

Mathata a mosebetsi oa thobalano a tlalehoa ke batho ba seng bakae ba bacha ba kopanelang liphate. Thuto e hlokahalang, mme tlhabollo e lokela ho ba teng, ho thibela ho hloka tsebo, matšoenyeho, le lihlong tse tsoelang pele bophelong bohle ba thobalano.

Keywords

  • Bacha;
  • Ho hōla ha motho e moholo;
  • Mathata a sebetsang ka thobalano;
  • Ho se sebetse ka thobalano;
  • Tlhokomelo ea thobalano;
  • Thuso ea ho batla;
  • Qoba ho kopanela liphate;
  • Ho ata;
  • Phuputso ea sechaba

Liphello le Tlatsetso

Boitsebiso bona ba sechaba bo tsoang Brithani bo bontša hore mathata a sebetsang ka thobalano a sithabetsang a tloaelehile ho bacha (ba lilemo li 16-21). Litšebeletsong tsa thobalano le litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano, litsebi li hloka ho amohela bohlokoa ba boiketlo ba thobalano le ho fana ka menyetla ea hore bacha ba buisane le ho buisana ka lithahasello tsa bona.

Thahasello ea litsebi litabeng tsa bacha tsa thobalano hangata e tsamaisoa ke ho ameha ho thibela likotsi tsa thobalano, haholo-holo bokhachane bo sa reroang le phetiso ea tšoaetso ea likobo. [1], [2] 'me [3] 'me, ka ho eketsehileng, ho kopanela liphate ka ntle ho thobalano. Mosebetsi oa boipheliso o fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha le bona ba amehile ka litaba tse amang boiketlo ba bona ba thobalano. Ba ka 'na ba tšoenyeha ka ho kopanela liphate kapa boitsebiso ba bona [4], ikutloa khatello ea sechaba ho lumellana le lintho tseo ba sa li rateng kapa tse bohloko [5], kapa ho loana khahlanong le mekhoa e etsang hore ho be thata ho lumela ho liphihlelo tseo e seng tsa bohlokoa [6] 'me [7].

Le ha litaba li mabapi le boithatelo, boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali le botumo ba botona le botšehali li tlalehiloe hantle, ha ho tsejoe hanyane ka mathata ao bacha ba ka bang le ona ka karabelo le thobalano. Lebaka le leng ke hobane mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano a nkuoa a le bohlokoa ho batho ba baholo. Ts'ebetso ea thobalano e hlalosoa e le bokhoni ba motho ba ho arabela ka thobalano kapa ho ba le monate oa thobalano [8] le mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano ke a sitisang tsena. Liphuputso tse atileng tsa baahi ba mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano hangata li kenyelletsa bankakarolo ba ka bang lilemo tse 16 kapa 18, empa hangata ba sebelisa mekhahlelo ea lilemo tse pharalletseng, ho fihlela lilemo tse 29 [9] mme ka seoelo se fanang ka lintlha tse tobileng ho bacha ba tlas'a lilemo tsa 24 [10], [11] 'me [12]. Liphuputso tse 'maloa li tsepamisitse maikutlo ka ho khetheha ha motho a se a le moholo,' me ha li sebelise lisebelisoa tsa sechaba ka kakaretso [13] 'me [14].

Ho na le tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ea hore bophelo bo botle ba thobalano bo lokela ho nkoa ka mokhoa o pharaletseng [15] 'me [16], le tlhaloso e akaretsang e amoheloang ke WHO-"boemo ba 'mele, maikutlo, kelello le boiketlo ba sechaba mabapi le thobalano" [17]-A lula a fumana chelete. Bacha, bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali bo kenyeletsa "monehelo o motle oa ho kopanela liphate, hammoho le ho fumana tsebo e amanang le ho qoba liphello tse mpe tsa thobalano" [18]. Ho na le bopaki ba hore lipakane tse amanang le khotsofalo ea thobalano le thabo li etsa hore ho be le likotsi tsa ho ipeha kotsing le mekhoa ea ho fokotsa kotsi [16] 'me [19]. Ka mohlala, tšabo e mabapi le ts'ebetso ea erectile har'a bahlankana e 'nile ea bontšoa hore e tlatsetsa ho hanyetsanang le tšebeliso ea likhohlopo [20] le ho sebelisoa ho sa lumellaneng [21]. Bophelo bo botle ba ho kopanela liphate lilemong tsa bocha bo amahanngoa le mekhoa ea ho fokotsa kotsi, joalo ka tšebeliso ea likhohlopo le ho itlosa bolutu ka thobalano [18], le ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho batho ba baholo e amahanngoa le boitšoaro ba kotsi [22]. Mesebetsi e sireletsang menyaka e ka ba e atlehileng haholo ho feta e hlokomolohang tšobotsi ena [16] 'me [23]. Ho haella ha litlaleho tsa ho kopanela liphate ho bacha ho fokotsa boiteko ba ho rarolla bophelo bo botle ba thobalano ka ho feletseng le ho matlafatsa tumelo ea hore mosebetsi oa thobalano le bophelo bo botle ha bo amane haholo le mehato e thibelang bacha [1] 'me [24].

Re kile ra tlaleha ka ho ata ha mathata a ts'oaetsano ea thobalano ho batho ba baholo ba lilemo li 16-74 ba sebelisang boitsebiso bo tsoang Palo ea boraro ea Phatlalatso ea Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali (Natsal-3) [22]. Mona, re sebelisa data e ts'oanang ho rarolla lekhalo la tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano (ho kenyelletsa le a bakang khatello ea maikutlo), ho thusa ho batla ka bophelo ba motho ba thobalano, le ho qoba thobalano ka lebaka la mathata, ho bacha ba lilemo li 16-21. Brithani.

mekhoa

Barupeluoa le tsamaiso

Re hlahisa tlhaiso-leseling ho tsoa ho bankakarolo ba lilemo li 16 ho isa ho 21 ho Natsal-3, e leng patlisiso e nang le monyetla oa ho etsa mohlala oa banna le basali ba 15,162 ba lilemo li 16-74 Borithane, ba botsitsoeng lipotso lipakeng tsa Loetse 2010 le Phato 2012. Re tsepamisitse maikutlo ho batho ba baholo ba pele. nako le methati ea pele ea mesebetsi ea thobalano pele bacha ba "lula" likamanong tse telele le litloaelong tsa thobalano. Re sebelisitse moralo oa mehlala e mengata, e kopaneng le e hlophisitsoeng, ka faele ea UK Postcode Address e le karolo ea mehlala le likarolo tsa postcode (n = 1,727) e khethiloeng e le karolo ea mantlha ea mehlala. Ka hara yuniti e ngoe le e ngoe ea mantlha ea sampole, liaterese tse 30 kapa tse 36 li ile tsa khethoa ka mokhoa o sa reroang, mme kahare ho lelapa ka leng, motho e moholo ea tšoanelehang o ile a khethoa a sebelisa gridi ea Kish. Kamora ho lekanya ho ikamahanya le menyetla e sa lekanang ea khetho, sampole ea Natsal-3 e ne e emetse batho ba Borithane ka bophara joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ke lipalo tsa Batho ba 2011 [25].

Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa lipuisano malapeng ke moqoqo ea koetlisitsoeng, ba sebelisa motsoako oa lifahleho tse bonngoeng ke k'homphieutha le lipuisano tsa ho buisana ka khomphutha (CASI) bakeng sa lipotso tse thata. Mofuputsi o ne a le teng mme o fumaneha ho thusa ha baithuti ba qetile CASI empa ba sa bone likarabo. Qetellong ea likarolo tsa CASI, likarabo li "koaletsoe" ka khomphuteng 'me li ke ke tsa khona ho buisana le moqoqo. Puisano e ile ea nka nako e ka etsang hora, 'me barupeluoa ba fumana £ 15 e le pontšo ea kananelo. Sesebelisoa sa lipatlisiso se ile sa etsa tlhahlobo e feletseng ea ts'oaetso le ho hlahloba [26].

Tekanyo ea kakaretso ea likarabo e ne e le 57.7% ea liaterese tsohle tse amohelehang (64.8% har'a barupeluoa ba lilemo li 16-44 lilemo). Tekanyo ea tšebelisano-'moho (palo ea ba arabelloang moo ba tšoanelehang ho buisana le moo ho ikopantseng ho ileng ha lumelloa ho kenya letsoho phuputsong) e ne e le 65.8%. Lintlha tsa mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso li hatisoa libakeng tse ling [25] 'me [27]. Natsal-3 e ile ea amoheloa ke Komiti ea Boikarabelo ba Lipatlisiso ea Oxfordshire A. Baithaopi ba ile ba fana ka tumello ea molomo bakeng sa lipuisano.

Liphello tsa liphello

Barupeluoa ba tlalehang thobalano ea ka botšehaling, ea molomo kapa ea ka morao le molekane a le mong kapa ho feta selemong se fetileng ba ile ba khetholloa e le "ba kopanelang liphate" mme ba botsoa hore na ba bile le lenane la mathata a robeli ka bophelo ba bona ba thobalano bo nkileng likhoeli tse 3 kapa ho feta nakong e fetileng. selemo. Tsena li ne li haelloa ke thahasello ea ho etsa thobalano, li hloka thabo thobalanong, li ikutloa li tšoenyehile nakong ea thobalano, li utloa bohloko 'meleng ka lebaka la thobalano, li sa utloe thabo kapa ho tsosoa nakong ea thobalano, ha lia ka tsa fihla sehlohlolong (ho ba le boiphihlelo) kapa ho nka nako e telele ho fihla sehlohlolong leha o ikutloa o thabile kapa o tsohile, o fihlile sehlohlolong (o kile oa ba le bothata) kapele ho feta kamoo o neng o ka rata, o ne a na le botshehadi bo ommeng bo sa thabiseng (a botsoa ke basali feela), mme a bile le bothata ba ho fumana kapa ho boloka tsoho (a botsoa ke banna feela) . Bakeng sa ntho ka 'ngoe, ba lumelletse (ba arabile e), barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa hore na ba ikutloa joang ka bothata (likhetho tsa karabelo: ha ba na khatello ea maikutlo; ba sithabetse hanyane; ba sithabetse maikutlo; ba sithabetse haholo). Re boetse re botile hore na ba bile le bothata bo bokae le hore na matšoao a hlahile hangata hakae (data e sa hlahisoang sengolong sena).

Barupeluoa bohle ba nang le boiphihlelo ba ho kopanela liphate (ba kileng ba ba le thobalano), ho sa tsotelehe thobalano ea bona selemong se fetileng, ba ile ba botsoa ho lekola bophelo ba bona ba thobalano ka kakaretso, ho kenyeletsoa le hore na ba qobile thobalano ka lebaka la mathata a thobalano ao ba a fumaneng kapa balekane ba bona. (lumela ka matla, lumela, ke lumellane kapa ke hana, hanana, hanana ka matla). Barupeluoa ba lumellanang ka matla kapa ba lumela ba ile ba hlahisoa ka lenane le le leng la mathata mme ba botsoa ho bonts'a hore na ke efe, haeba e teng, e ba bakileng ho qoba thobalano. Likarabo tse ling tsa karabelo li ne li le ka tsela e latelang: Likarabo tse ngata li ile tsa lumelloa. Barupeluoa le bona ba ile ba botsoa hore na ba ikutloa ba sithabetse kapa ba tšoenyehile ka bophelo ba bona ba thobalano ba sebelisa sekala sa Likert tse hlano. Kamora nako, bankakarolo ba ile ba botsoa hore na ba batlile thuso kapa likeletso mabapi le bophelo ba bona ba thobalano ho tsoa lenaneng lefe la mehloli selemong se fetileng, mme haeba ho joalo, ho khetha tsohle tse sebetsang. Likhetho tsena li ile tsa hlophisoa e le setho sa lelapa / motsoalle, bophatlalatsi / thuso ea hau (e kenyelletsa libaka tsa tlhaiso-leseling le tšehetso inthaneteng; libuka tsa lithuso / lipampitšana tsa tlhahisoleseling; lihlopha tsa lithuso; mohala oa thuso), le botsebi (ho kenyelletsa ngaka / lelapa ka kakaretso ngaka; bophelo bo botle ba thobalano / moriana oa genito-urinary / tleliniki ea mafu a likobo; ngaka ea mafu a kelello kapa setsebi sa kelello; moeletsi oa likamano; mofuta o mong oa tleliniki kapa ngaka), kapa ha ba so ka ba batla thuso. Lintho tsena li tsoa ho Natsal-SF; tekanyo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano e etselitsoeng ka kotloloho le ho netefatsoa hore e sebelisoe lipatlisisong tsena le tse ling tsa palo ea baahi. Tekanyo ea Natsal-SF ea lintho tse 17 e na le phumano e ntle (index e lekanang ea ho bapisa = .963; Tucker Lewis index = .951; motso o bolelang phoso e sekwere ea ho lekanyetsa = .064), e ka khetholla lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa kliniki le tsa batho ka kakaretso, mme e na le teko e ntle Ho tšepahala ho fetelletseng (r = .72) [22] 'me [28].

Tlhahlobo ea statistical

Litlhahlobo tsohle li entsoe ho sebelisoa mesebetsi e rarahaneng ea lipatlisiso tsa Stata (mofuta oa 12; StataCorp LP, College Station, TX) ho ikarabella bakeng sa boima, ho bokella le ho hlophisa data. Ts'ebetso e ne e lekanyelitsoe ho banna le basali bohle ba nang le boiphihlelo ba thobalano ba lilemo li 16-21. Ntho e sa sebetseng ho Natsal-3 e ne e le tlase (hangata e ne e le <5%, mme hangata 1% -3%), ka hona bakuli ba nang le tlhaiso-leseling ba ne ba qheleloa ka thoko tlhahlobisong. Har'a barupeluoa ba etsang thobalano (ba tlalehang bonyane molekane a le mong oa thobalano selemong se fetileng pele ho lipotso), re hlahisa lipalo-palo tse hlalosang tsa ho tlaleha ka mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano (a tšoarellang likhoeli tse 3 kapa ho feta selemong se fetileng), le karolo e sithabelitsoeng ke bothata ba bona. Re boetse re tlaleha karolo e batlang thuso ho tsoa mehloling e mengata, e hlophisitsoeng ka ho tlaleha bothata bo le bong kapa ho feta ba thobalano. Bakeng sa bankakarolo ba neng ba sa kopanele liphate selemong se fetileng, re tlaleha lipalo-palo tse hlalosang liphetho tse tharo: khotsofalo ea thobalano, khatello ea maikutlo ka bophelo ba thobalano, le ho qoba thobalano ka lebaka la bothata ba thobalano.

Results

Banna le basali ba bangata (72%) ba lilemo li 16-21 ba tlalehile hore ba na le molekane oa bona kapa ba bangata ba kopanelang liphate selemo se fetileng 'me kahoo ba arolelitsoe ka thobalano (banna ba 854 le basali ba 1,021). Tafole 1 e bonts'a palo ea banna bana ba tlalehang mathata a robeli a ts'ebetso ea thobalano a tšoarellang likhoeli tse 3 kapa ho feta selemong se fetileng. Karolo ea boraro ea banna bana (33.8%) e bile le bothata bo le bong kapa ho feta ba ts'ebetso ea thobalano (kholomo ea pele ea Tafole 1), 'me 9.1% e tlalehile bothata bo le bong kapa a mangata a sithabetsang a thobalano (kholomo ea bobeli); ho fana ka maikutlo a hore hara banna ba tlalehang bothata bo le bong kapa ho feta, feela kotara (26.9%) ba ikutloa ba sithabetse (kholomo ea boraro).

Tafole 1.

Boiphihlelo ba mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano, le khatello ea maikutlo ka mathata ana, hara bahlankana ba kopanelang liphate, ba lilemo li 16-21

% Ho tlaleha bothata ba mosebetsi oa thobalano


% Ho tlaleha bothata bo bong le bo bong le mahlomola ka eona


Ho ba tlaleha bothata bo bong le bo bong ba ts'oaetsano ea thobalano,% kapa ba tšoenyehile haholo ka eona


Li-denominatorsa

854, 610


854, 610


281, 204


liphesente tse

95% CI

liphesente tse

95% CI

liphesente tse

95% CI

Ha ba thahaselle ho kopanela liphate10.508.1-13.51.40.8-2.513.207.2-22.8
Ho se na thabo ka thobalano5.404.0-7.3.90.4-1.716.208.1-29.8
O ile a ikutloa a tšoenyehile nakong ea thobalano4.803.5-6.61.50.8-2.730.4017.9-46.6
Ho utloa bohloko ka 'mele ka lebaka la thobalano1.901.1-3.4.20.1-.911.302.5-39.1
Ha ho thabo kapa ho tsosoa nakong ea thobalano3.202.1-4.8.80.4-2.025.9011.5-48.4
Bothata ba ho fihla qetellong8.306.4-10.81.60.8-3.019.2010.5-32.4
E fihlile tlhōrō ka potlako haholo13.2011.0-15.74.503.2-6.334.2025.5-44.1
Bothata ho fumana / ho boloka erection7.806.0-10.23.302.2-4.942.1029.1-56.4
U na le phihlelo e le 'ngoe kapa tse ling tsa tsona33.8030.2-37.79.107.2-11.426.9021.5-33.0
O ne a batla thuso kapa keletso bakeng sa bophelo ba thobalano26.0022.9-29.5

CI = nako ea ho itšepa.

a

Denominator e fapana le bothata bo bong le bo bong ba thobalano kahare ena. Sebopeho se sa boima le se lekanngoeng se thathamisitsoeng ke sa ba nang le mathata a le mong kapa a mangata.

Litlhahlobo tsa lipapali

Har'a banna, ho fihla sehlohlolong ka potlako e ne e le bothata bo atileng haholo (13.2%). Ba fetang karolo ea boraro ea banna ba nang le bothata bona (34.2%) ba ile ba ikutloa ba tšoenyehile ka eona, e leng se etsang hore e be bothata bo tloaelehileng ho fetisisa har'a banna ba lilemo li 16 ho isa ho ba 21 ba etsang thobalano (4.5%). Ho thatafalloa ho fumana le ho boloka erection ho ne ho sa tlaleheloa hangata (7.8%), empa khafetsa ho baka khatello ea maikutlo (har'a 42.1%) mme ka hona e ne e le bothata ba bobeli bo sithabetsang ka ho fetesisa (ke 3.3% ea banna ba sehlopha sa lilemo). Leha ho hloka thahasello litabeng tsa botona le botšehali e ne e le bothata ba bobeli bo tlalehiloeng hangata (bo nang le boiphihlelo ba 10.5%), ke 13.2% feela ea banna ba tlalehang bothata bona ba neng ba sithabetse ke eona, mme ka kakaretso, 1.4% ba e bone e le bothata bo sithabetsang. Mathata a mararo a sithabetsang a tlalehiloe ke <1% ea bahlankana ba kopanelang liphate: bohloko, ho hloka thabo / ho tsosa takatso, le ho hloka thabo.

Tafole 2 e bonts'a palo ea basali ba bacha ba etsang thobalano ba tlalehang bothata bo bong le bo bong ba ts'ebetso ea thobalano, le ba nang le bothata, karolo eo e sithabetse maikutlo ka eona. Ka tlase ho halofo (44.4%) ea basali bana ba bile le bothata bo le bong kapa ho feta ba ts'ebetso ea thobalano e nkileng likhoeli tse 3 kapa ho feta selemong se fetileng, mme 13.4% ba tlalehile bothata bo sithabetsang; ho bolelang hore ho ba tlalehang bothata bo le bong kapa ho feta, ba ka tlase ho karolo ea boraro (30.2%) ba ne ba sithabetse.

Tafole 2.

Boiphihlelo ba mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano, le khatello ea maikutlo ka mathata ana, har'a basali ba bacha ba kopanelang liphate, ba lilemo li 16-21

% Ho tlaleha bothata ba mosebetsi oa thobalano


% Ho tlaleha bothata bo bong le bo bong le mahlomola ka eona


Ho ba tlaleha bothata bo bong le bo bong ba ts'oaetsano ea thobalano,% kapa ba tšoenyehile haholo ka eona


Li-denominatorsa

1,021, 553


1,021, 553


449, 242


liphesente tse

95% CI

liphesente tse

95% CI

liphesente tse

95% CI

Ha ba thahaselle ho kopanela liphate22.0019.3-25.05.304.0-7.024.0018.4-30.6
Ho se na thabo ka thobalano9.807.9-12.12.801.9-4.128.4019.8-39.0
O ile a ikutloa a tšoenyehile nakong ea thobalano8.006.3-10.22.801.9-4.134.7024.2-47.0
Ho utloa bohloko ka 'mele ka lebaka la thobalano9.007.3-11.03.202.3-4.535.9026.7-46.2
Ha ho thabo kapa ho tsosoa nakong ea thobalano8.006.2-10.12.501.6-3.931.6021.2-44.3
Bothata ba ho fihla qetellong21.3018.6-24.36.304.9-8.229.7023.4-36.9
E fihlile tlhōrō ka potlako haholo3.902.7-5.5.40.2-1.110.804.0-26.3
Ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang o omella ka botšehali8.506.7-10.62.201.5-3.426.2017.5-37.2
U na le phihlelo e le 'ngoe kapa tse ling tsa tsona44.4041.1-47.813.4011.3-15.930.2025.7-35.1
O ne a batla thuso kapa keletso bakeng sa bophelo ba thobalano36.3033.1-39.7

CI = nako ea ho itšepa.

a

Denominator e fapana le bothata bo bong le bo bong ba thobalano kahare ena. Sebopeho se sa boima le se lekanngoeng se thathamisitsoeng ke sa ba nang le mathata a le mong kapa a mangata.

Litlhahlobo tsa lipapali

Mathata a atileng haholo hara basali a ne a hloka thahasello ea thobalano (22.0%) mme ba na le bothata ba ho fihla sehlohlolong (21.3%), mme ana hape e ne e le mathata a sithabetsang ka ho fetesisa (5.3% le 6.3%, ka ho latellana). Mathata a atisang ho amahanngoa le khatello ea maikutlo e ne e le ho tšoenyeha nakong ea thobalano (34.7%), ho utloa bohloko 'meleng ka lebaka la thobalano (35.9%), le ho hloka thabo kapa ho tsosoa (31.6%), empa mathata ana a ne a sa tlalehe hangata, ho fella ka hore likhakanyo tsa bongata ba mathata a sithabetsang ka 2.8%, 3.2% le 2.5% ka ho latellana. Ho fihla sehlohlolong ka potlako ho ne ho sa tlalehiloe hangata (3.9%) mme ho bile le boiphihlelo ba ho sithabela ke basali ba 10.8% feela ba e tlalehang, ho felletseng ka ho ata ha kakaretso ea mahlomola a pele a <1%.

Har'a bacha ba neng ba kopanela liphate selemo se fetileng, banna ba 6.3% le 6.8% ba basali ba itse ba ile ba qoba ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la bothata ba ho kopanela liphate. Har'a banna ba bacha (Setšoantšo sa 1), mabaka a tloaelehileng haholo a ho qoba ho ne ho le thata ho fumana kapa ho boloka mohaho, ho fihla kapele ka potlako, le ho hloka thahasello (ho tlalehoa ke 26.1%, 24.4%, le 25.1%, ka ho latellana, ho bahlankana bohle ba neng ba re ba qobile thobalano). Har'a basali ba bacha (Setšoantšo sa 1), mabaka a tloaelehileng a ho qoba ke ho hloka thahasello (e tlalehiloeng ke 45.5% ea basali ba neng ba qoba ho kopanela liphate), ba lateloa ke ho hloka thabo, matšoenyeho le bohloko (tse tlalehiloeng ke 21.2%, 25.3% le 23.7% ka ho latellana, ea basali ba neng ba qoba ho kopanela liphate).

Mabaka a ho qoba ho kopanela liphate har'a bacha ba kopanelang liphate ...

Setšoantšo sa 1.

Mabaka a ho qoba ho kopanela liphate har'a bacha ba kopanelang liphate ba tlalehileng ho qoba ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la bothata ba ho kopanela liphate.

Mokhoa oa ho khetha

Ho batla thuso kapa keletso har'a barupeluoa ba kopanelang liphate

Ka kakaretso, 26% (22.9-29.5) ea banna ba kopanelang liphate le 36.3% (33.1-39.7) ea basali ba kopanelang liphate ba ne ba batla thuso mabapi le bophelo ba bona ba thobalano selemong se fetileng (motsotso oa ho qetela, Litafole 1 'me 2). Setšoantšo sa 2 e bontša hore na ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho hlahloba mehloli e sa tšoaneng, e fanoeng ke phihlelo ea bothata ba mosebetsi oa thobalano. Ba tlaleha bothata bo le bong kapa ho feta ba batla thuso ho bapisoa le ba tlaleha mathata (35.5% vs. 21% bakeng sa banna; p <.001 le 42.3% vs. 31.1%; p = .001). Moo bacha ba neng ba batla thuso, litho tsa malapa le metsoalle e ne e le mohloli o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa o lateloa ke mecha ea phatlalatso / ea thuso. Thuso ea setsebi e ne e batla e nyenyane haholo. Har'a bacha ba tlaleha bothata ba ts'ebetso ea thobalano, 3.6% (1.9-6.8) ea banna le 7.9% (5.8-10.6) ea basali ba ne ba buisana le litsebi ka bophelo ba bona ba thobalano selemong se fetileng.

Palo ea bacha ba batlang thuso kapa keletso mabapi le bophelo ba bona ba thobalano ka ...

Setšoantšo sa 2.

Ho iketsetsa bacha ba batlang thuso kapa keletso mabapi le bophelo ba bona ba thobalano ka phihlelo ea bothata ba mosebetsi oa thobalano le tekano. SF = ts'ebetso ea thobalano.

Mokhoa oa ho khetha

Ho tsieleha le ho qoba bacha ba sa kang ba kopanela liphate selemo se fetileng

Ka kakaretso, banna ba 262 le basali ba 255 ba ne ba e-ba le phihlelo ea ho kopanela liphate (ba kile ba ba le phihlelo ea thobalano) empa ha baa ka ba tlaleha ho kopanela liphate selemo pele ho puisano (Tafole 3). Banna ba bangata ho ba tšeletseng ba banna bana (17.4%) le ba ka bang leshome le metso e 'meli ho basali bana (12%) ba tlalehile hore ba tšoenyehile ka bophelo ba bona ba thobalano,' me ho pota e le 'ngoe ho 10 (10%) ea banna le basali ba re ba ile ba qoba ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la mathata a thobalano ao bona kapa molekane oa bona ba nang le 'ona. Ho ne ho se phapang pakeng tsa tekano ho tlaleho ea mahlomola kapa ho qoba.

Tafole 3.

Palo ea batho ba nang le bokooa ba ho kopanela liphate 16- ho ba lilemo li 21 ba tlaleha khathatso ka bophelo ba thobalano, khotsofalo le bophelo ba thobalano, le ho qoba ho kopanela liphate

banna


Women


Li-denominators

262, 165


255, 138


liphesente tse

95% CI

liphesente tse

95% CI

Ho tšoenyeha kapa ho tšoenyeha ka bophelo ba thobalano17.4012.8-23.412.008.3-17.2
Qoba thobalano ka lebaka la mathata a hau a thobalano kapa a molekane10.105.5-17.910.705.4-20.1
Khotsofatsoa ke bophelo ba thobalano34.6028.5-41.332.2026.2-38.7

CI = nako ea ho itšepa.

Litlhahlobo tsa lipapali

Puisano

Litaba tsena tsa sechaba tse emelang li bontša hore hoo e ka bang e le banna ba bacha ba 10 ba kopanelang liphate le e mong ho basali ba robeli ba kopanelang liphate ba tlaleha bothata ba ho kopanela liphate bo sithabetsang ka likhoeli tse 18NUMX kapa ho feta selemong se fetileng. Bothata bo atisang ho tlalehoa bo sithabetsang har'a banna bohle ba kopanelang liphate bo ne bo fihla kapele ka potlako (3%), 'me har'a basali ba bacha, ho ne ho le thata ho fihla qetellong (4.5%). Banna ba fetang karolo ea boraro le banna ba fetang ba bane ho basali ba 6.3 ba tlaleha hore bothata bo bong kapa bo bong ba thobalano bo ne bo batla thuso, empa hangata bo tsoa mehloling ea litsebi. Har'a ba neng ba e-s'o kopanele liphate le selemo pele ho puisano, e mong oa banna le basali ba bacha ba 10 ba itse ba ile ba qoba ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la mathata a thobalano.

Matla a thuto ena ke hore a thehiloe mofuteng o mongata oa batho ba thehiloeng molokong 'me o buisana le lekhalo la bohlokoa bopaking bo sebetsang mabapi le mathata a ts'oaetso ea thobalano har'a bacha. Le hoja tekanyo ea karabo ea phuputso e akaretsang (57.7%) e emela mohloli o ka sehloohong oa khethollo, tekanyo ea likarabo har'a batho ba 16- ho ba lilemo li 44 e ne e phahame, ho 64.8%. Re kile ra lemoha ho fokotseha ha morao-rao ka kakaretso lipalo tsa likarabo tsa lipatlisiso, hammoho le mekhoa e matla haholo ea ho li bala, 'me re boetse re hlokometse hore litekanyetso tsa rona tsa ho arabela li lumellana le lipatlisiso tse ling tsa sechaba tse kholo United Kingdom [25] 'me [27]. Leha ho le joalo, ho hloka toka ho tsitsitseng ho lumellana ho nka karolo hoa khoneha, 'me re sebelisitse litekanyo tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ho fokotsa khethollo ena (bona mekhoa). Lintho tse mabapi le mathata a ho kopanela liphate lia utloahala, 'me boitsebiso bo ikemetseng bo ka' na ba e-ba boemong ba ho hopola likhetho le tse tloaelehileng ho tlaleha tlase. Re ne re batla ho fokotsa likamano tsa tlaleho ka ho hlalosa mathata a ts'oaetso ea thobalano e le "mathata a tloaelehileng" [22], ka ho kenyelletsa lintho tse ncha [28], le ka ho sebelisa lipuisano tsa ho ipotsa lipuisano tsa k'homphieutha [25].

Ditaba tsa rona di bonts'a mathata a mosebetsi oa thobalano a tloaelehile sehlopheng sena sa lilemo. Ho hakanngoa ka boholo ba 16-ho banna le basali ba lilemo li 21 ba tlalehang mathata a sebetsang ka thobalano ha ba fokotsehe ho feta batho bohle ba Natsal-3, 41.6% bakeng sa banna le 51.2% bakeng sa basali [22]. Lithuto tse 'maloa tse thehiloeng ke baahi li kenyelelitse' me li tlalehile ka lihlopha tse nyenyane [10], [11], [12] 'me [29] le hoja ho bapisoa ho lekanyelitsoe ka ho fapana ha mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho arola lihlopha tse peli tsa thobalano le boima ba tsona. Phuputso ea morao-rao ea Canada [13], ka mohlala, o fumane hore 50% ea 16 ea thobalano le banna le basali ba lilemo li 21 e tlalehile bothata ba ho kopanela liphate, bao halofo ea eona e tlalehiloeng mahlomola a amanang le bona, le hoja mohlala o monyenyane, o se nang moelelo le phapang pakeng tsa tlhaloso e bontša tlhokahalo ea ho ba hlokolosi ka tlhaloso. Har'a bahlankana, khakanyo ea rona ea ho ata ha mathata a erectile (7.8%) e pakeng tsa 4.3% e fumanoeng thutong ea Australia ea 16 ea ho kopanela liphate - ho ba lilemo li 19 [10] le 11% har'a 16 ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali - ho bana ba lilemo li 24 ha ba ntse ba ithuta Portugal [12]. Tekanyo ea rona ea 13.2% bakeng sa ejaculation ea pele e batla e le tlaase ho feta thuto ea Australia (15.3%) le e tlase ho feta ho ithuta Sepotoketsi (40%). Har'a basali ba banyenyane, karolelano ea rona ea ho ata ha ho hloka thahasello (22%) le bothata ba ho finyella li-orgasm (21.3%) li fokotseha ho feta tse ithutang Australia (36.7% le 29%, ka ho latellana) le ho bapisoa le litefiso tsa hoo e ka bang 20% le 27% femaneng ea Seswedishe ea basali ba lilemo li 18-24 [11].

Ho 'nile ha boleloa hore karolo e itseng ea mathata ho bacha e hlaha ho tsoa ho "ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso" le hore e nyamela ha nako e ntse e feta ha bacha ba ntse ba itšepa le boiphihlelo. Ho ts'ehetsa sena, O'Sullivan et al. [13] e fumane hore ho bahlankana, nako e teletsana ea boiphihlelo ba thobalano e ne e amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e ntle ea erectile le khotsofalo e kholo ka thobalano. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, karolo ea batho ba baholo ba nang le mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano ba tlaleha matšoao a bophelo bohle, ka mantsoe a mang, matšoao a hlahileng nakong ea pele ea thobalano kapa pele ho ona mme a sa foleng [8] 'me [30]. Lintho tse 'maloa tse tlatsetsang mathateng a thobalano hangata li bopehile bongoaneng le bohlankaneng. Tsena li kenyelletsa thuto e sa lekaneng ea thobalano, bothata ba ho bua ka thobalano, ho tšoenyeha ka 'mele oa motho kapa tsa thobalano, le pherekano kapa lihlong mabapi le maikutlo a hae a thobalano kapa litakatso [31]. Mathata a ho kopanela liphate a ka boela a bonahatsa ntoa ea ho finyella likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse nepahetseng ka hare ho mekhoa ea mekhoa e metle ea boitšoaro, ka mohlala, ho amohela hore basali ba lokela ho lebella le ho mamella bohloko [5]. Tekano ea ho kopanela liphate ka makhetlo a mabeli moo basali ba hlahlojoang 'me banna ba putsoa ka takatso ea bona ea thobalano e bonahala ka ho khetheha e khahlanong le phetoho ea setso [32], le hoja lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontša phapang pakeng tsa bacha ba nang le mekhoa ena ea litloaelo ka likamano tsa bona [33].

Ho feta lilemo tse 25 ho tloha moqoqo oa Fine le McClelland [34] ka puo e lahlehileng ea takatso ea thuto ea ho kopanela liphate, bacha ba tsoela pele ho lemoha lekhalo litabeng tsa bona tse amanang le likamano tsa maikutlo tsa thobalano 'me hangata ba tlaleha hore ha ba na matla a ho laola likamano tsa thobalano. Litaba tsa Natsal-3 li bontša hore 42% ea banna le 47% ea basali ba lakatsa hore ba tseba haholoanyane ka litaba tsa bosodoma nakong eo ba neng ba ikutloa ba itokiselitse ho kopanela liphate, ho akarelletsa le banna ba ka bang 20% le 15% ea basali ba lakatsang hore ba tsebe ho etsa thobalano ho khotsofatsa haholoanyane [35]. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ka thuto e tsoakiloeng ho tloha New Zealand, liithuti tse lilemo li lilemo li 16-19 li behile "mokhoa oa ho etsa thobalano e le monate ho balekane ba babeli" le "maikutlo a likamano" har'a lihlooho tse hlano tse phahameng tseo ba lakatsang ho tseba ho eketsehileng mabapi le ho kopanela liphate ka sekolo thuto [24]. Ha bacha ba re ba batla ho bua ka menyaka, mekhoa e sa keneng ea ho kopanela liphate, le likamano tsa matla ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali, thuto ea thobalano ea sekolo e atisa ho hlokomoloha lihlooho tsena, litaba ho e-na le ho bonahatsa matšoenyeho a batho ba baholo ba nang le matla a bolaoli [36].

Ho kopa ho kenyelletsa menyaka ka thuto ea thobalano ha ho ncha [37]. Ho khutsa ka boiketlo ba botona le botšehali ho tsoa mehloling ea thuto ho tletse mehloli e meng e kang metsoalle le mecha ea phatlalatso; 'me, ho latela Natsal-3, hoo e batlang e le kotara ea bahlankana ba qotsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e le e' ngoe ea mehloli ea boitsebiso ka thobalano [35]. Le hoja basebelisi ba bang ba lemoha tšusumetso e nepahetseng bophelong ba bona ba thobalano [38], litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka lebisa litakatsong tse sa utloahaleng le tse kotsi tsa thobalano har'a bahlankana [39], ho ka 'na ha eketsa mathata a mosebetsi oa thobalano. Thuto ea ho kopanela liphate e ka etsa ho hongata ho hlahisa litšōmo, ho buisana ka monate, ho khothaletsa likamano tse loketseng tsa tekano, le ho hatisa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea puisano le tlhompho lipuisanong tsa ho loantša mathata a thobalano.

Karolo e tlase ea bacha ba nang le mathata a sithabetsang ba batlang thuso kapa keletso e ka 'na ea se ke ea e-ba le tšusumetso e matla. Thuso ea ho batla e tloaelehile, esita le har'a batho ba baholo ba nang le mathata a ho kopanela liphate [40]. Thuto ea ho kopanela liphate e ka thusa haholo ho sebetsana le mathata, (1) ka likhetho tsa tsebo; (2) ka ho khothatsa bacha hore mathata a tloaelehile le a utloahalang; le (3) ka ho matlafatsa mekhatlo ea litšebeletso tsa botsoalle. Bafani le bona ba lokela ho hlokomela hore bacha ba kenang litlhoko tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali (joalo ka ho etsa thobalano le mafu a likobo) ba ka 'na ba loana le mathata a amanang le thobalano ea bona. Ka lebaka la ho ata ha lithahasello tsena, ho ka 'na ha e-ba ho loketseng hore bafani ba qale puisano ka ho botsa ka mosebetsi oa thobalano ho latela tlaleho e tloaelehileng ea bakuli,' me lithuto tsa nakong e tlang li ka hlahloba molemo oa mokhoa ona.

Ntle le tlhaiso-leseling e tšepahalang mabapi le thobalano le boiketlo ba bacha, ho hloka tlhokomelo ea karolo ena ea bophelo ba bona ba thobalano ho ka nahanoa feela. Ho na le tlhoko e kholo ea lipatlisiso tse tsepamisitsoeng ke bacha tse hlahlobang boholo ba mathata, etiology ea bona le litlamorao. Haholo-holo, ho na le tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa litekanyo tse etselitsoeng litaba tsa bacha ka kotloloho.

Qetellong, haeba re lakatsa ho ntlafatsa boiketlo ba thobalano ho baahi, re hloka ho fihlela batho ka bomong le banyalani ha ba qala mesebetsi ea bona ea thobalano, ho thibela ho hloka tsebo, matšoenyeho le lihlong ho fetoha mathata a thobalano bophelo bohle. Lintlha tsa rona li fana ka tšusumetso e matla ea ho nka khato ena ea thibelo.

lumela hore baa fokola

Natsal-3 ke tšebelisano lipakeng tsa University College London (London, UK), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (London, UK), NatCen Social Research, Public Health England (eo pele e neng e le Health Protection Agency) le University of Manchester (Manchester, United Kingdom). Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo ho rala le ho etsa thuto; pokello, tsamaiso, tlhahlobo le tlhaloso ea litaba; le ho hlophisa, ho lekola kapa ho amohela sengoloa; le qeto ea ho fana ka sengoloa hore se phatlalatsoe. Bangoli ba leboha bankakarolo ba boithuto, sehlopha sa batho ba botsang lipotso ho tsoa NatCen Social Research, ts'ebetso le basebeletsi ba likhomphutha ba NatCen Social Research.

Lithuso tsa lichelete

Thuto e ne e tšehetsoa ke lichelete tse tsoang Lefapheng la Lipatlisiso la Bongaka (G0701757) le Trustcome Trust (084840), ka menehelo e tsoang ho Lekhotla la Patlisiso ea Moruo le Sechaba le Lefapha la Bophelo. Ho tloha ka Loetse 2015, KRM e ntse e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke Lekhotla la Lipatlisiso la Bongaka la UK (MRC); MRC / CSO Setsi sa Saense ea Sechaba le Bophelo ba Sechaba, Univesithi ea Glasgow (MC_UU_12017-11).

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Likhohlano tsa Thahasello: AMJ ke 'Musisi oa Trustcome Trust. Bangoli ba bang kaofela ba bolela hore ha ba na likhohlano tsa thahasello.

Lengolo le ngolisitsoeng ho: Kirstin R. Mitchell, Ph.D., MRC / CSO Lefapha la Boiketlo ba Bophelo bo Botle le Sechaba, Institute of Health le Wellbeing, Univesithi ea Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, Scotland G2 3QB, United Kingdom.

© 2016 Society bakeng sa Bophelo bo Botle le Meriana ea Bacha. E hatisoa ke Elsevier Inc.

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