Na ho na le Lijo Tseo U ka li Lemallang? - Karabo. (2014)

Front Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 7; 5: 38. Doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2014.00038.

Sengoliloeng sa morao tjena (1), Dr. Rippe o totobatsa hore lingaka tsa bophelo ba bophelo li hloka ho theha likhothaletso tsa tsona ho bopaki bo hlakileng ba saense le hore sena se thatafatsoa ke taba ea hore tlhaiso-leseling ea saense e sotha hangata mme taba ka linako tse ling e ferekanngoa le bopaki. Sena se kenyelletsa, mohlala, hore likamano lipakeng tsa tse fapaneng tse fumanoang lithutong tse bohareng li hlahisoa e le likamano tsa mabaka kapa hore litloaelano lipakeng tsa lintho tse fumanehang lithutong tsa lefu la lefutso hangata li ferekantsoe ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa boraro.

Sengoli se bontša mehlala e 'maloa ea liphumano tse atisang ho hlalosoa hampe le ho hlahisoa e le lintlha tsa' nete, leha bopaki bo teng bo hloka ho hlahlojoa ka hloko. Tsena li kenyelletsa mehopolo ea hore (a) tsoekere e baka botenya, (b) lijo tse itseng lia lemalla, (c) lijo tse itseng li baka mofetše, (d) boikoetliso ha bo sebetse bakeng sa ho theola boima ba 'mele, le hore (e) ho na le khokahano ea ho baka lipakeng tšebeliso ea tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere.

Ke nahana hore mongoli o fana ka ntlha ea bohlokoa ea ho pheha khang ea hore bopaki ba mahlale hangata bo khopamisoa ke bafuputsi kapa boralitaba le hore bafuputsi le litsebi lefapheng la boits'oaro ba bophelo bo botle ba tsoelapele ho hlokomela ho lekola se fumaneng lipatlisiso. Le ha ke lumellana le boholo ba polelo e boletsoeng sengolong seo, ke boetse ke nahana hore tse ling tsa tsona ka mohopolo oa hona joale oa ho lemalla lijo o tiisa hore ho tla ba le puisano e tebileng.

Ho nepahala ha Mehlala ea Liphoofolo

Taba ea pele, ho boletsoe hore "boholo ba phehisano e amanang le lijo le bokhoba ba tahi bo thehiloe ho […] dintlha tsa liphoofolo" le hore mehlala eo "e ka etsisoa hampe bathong ha ho tluoa tšebeliso ea lijo." lipapatso tse bonts'ang tšebeliso e joalo ea tšebeliso ea tsoekere le phetoho ea methapo ea kutlo ka mor'a libeke tse 'maloa ho fihlela tsoekere ka nako e telele (2). Lithutong tsena, litoeba, mohlala, lijo tse haelloang bakeng sa 12h ebe o na le phihlello ea lab chow kapa tsoekere ea 12h. Hangata liphapang tsena li nyatsuoa ka hore ke tsa maiketsetso, ka hona, li na le boleng bo tlase bakeng sa ho etsa inferefere ka tlhekefetso ea tsoekere bathong.

Leha ho le joalo, ke pheha khang ea hore li-paradigms tsena li tsamaisana hantle le mokhoa oa ho ja oa batho ba itseng. Mohlala, batho ba nang le bulimia manthaosa (BN) ba ja ho itlopa lijo, empa ha ba iphepe lijo tse se nang ho itlopa joala.3, 4). Ka mantsoe a mang, takatso ea lijo e ka thibeloa letsatsi lohle, 'me ea lateloa ke ketsahalo ea ho itlopa lijo (hangata e kenyelletsa khalori e phahameng, mohlala, tsoekere e phahameng, lijo) mantsiboea. Pale e tšoanang ea ho ja e ka bonoa ho batho ba bang ba amehileng ka boima ba lekang ho fokotsa lijo tseo [ba li jang] ”5)], leha e sa bonts'e likarolo tse hlabang ka botlalo. Ho akaretsa, mefuta ea liphoofolo ehlile ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tšibollo ea litheko tsa lijo mme lithuto tsa batho li haelloa ho ts'ehetsa liphetho tse ling tse fumanoang lithutong tseo. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho fumana lijo nako le nako o ka tšoana le oa ho ja batho ba bang ka boits'oaro bo bobe ba ho ja kapa bo sa senyeheng.

Bopaki ba Tlatsetso ea Lijo bo Thehiloe ho DSM-5

Taba ea bobeli, ho phehisanoa hore "ho na le bopaki bo fokolang haholo ba ho lemalla lijo" bo thehiloeng ho litekanyetso tsa DSM-5 tsa bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (SUD). Lingoloa tse ngata moo ho buisanoang ka mohopolo oa bokhoba ba lijo o bua ka maemo a ho itšetleha ka lintho ka ho DSM-IV. Ho 2013, DSM-5 e ile ea phatlalatsoa mme mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea SUDs joale e kenyelletsa matšoao a eketsehileng a 4 [matšoao a 11 ka kakaretso (6)].

Ho ea ka tsebo ea ka, ke phuputso e le 'ngoe feela e ileng ea hlahloba lintlha tse ncha tsa DSM-5 mabapi le boitšoaro ba ho ja hona joale. Thutong eo (7), ho ile ha etsoa lipuisano tse hlophiselitsoeng hanyane ka hanyane, likarabo tsa tsona li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka nepo. Liphetho li bonts'itse hore barupeluoa ba batenya ho feta tekano ba nang le bothata ba ho ja ka mokhoa o feteletseng (BED), le ka tekanyo e nyane haholo le ba se nang BED, ba fihletse lintlha tse felletseng tsa SUD. Leha barupeluoa ba sa kopane ka makhetlo a mararo ho a mane a mecha, bongata ba bona bo ile ba kopana le bona ho lakatsa, kapa takatso e matla kapa takatso ea ho sebelisa ntho eo. Ke 'nete hore lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsena ha lia lokela ho hlalosoa ka ho fetelletseng kaha' nete ea tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng e nang le halofo e belaela ebile boholo ba sampole bo ne bo le nyane. Ntle ho pelaelo, lithuto tsa nako e tlang li hlokahala ka potlako hore ho hlahlojoe hore na mokhoa o mocha oa DSM-5 SUD o ka fetoleloa ho boits'ebetso ba ho ja le hore na litekanyetso tseo li kopana le batho ba kenang ho ja kapa ho ja ho feta bakeng sa lipuisano tse hlakileng haholoanyane (bona Meule le Gearhardt , e romelletsoe]]. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlakola ho lekana ha litekanyetso tse ncha tsa DSM-5 mabapi le tšebeliso ea litheko tsa lijo ho tloha pele ho bonahala ho se na toka.

Liphatlalatso tsa Tlhatlhobo ea Lijo Liseleng tse fapaneng tsa Boima

Taba ea boraro, sengoli se fana ka maikutlo a hore "Yale Food Addiction Scale [(YFAS) Ref. (8)] Litekanyetso li ka se be tse loketseng ho khetholla 'makhoba a lijo' 'ho latela taba ea hore batho ba batenya haholo ha ba fihlelle melaoana eo, empa karolo e kholo ea lithuto tse boima le tse tlase e sa sebetse. Ho joalo, lithuto tse sebelisang tekanyo ena li fumane litekanyetso tsa tlhaselo ea lijo tse ka bang 5-10% sechabeng kapa mehlaleng ea baithuti le ka 15-25% mehlaleng e feteletseng (9, 10). Bathong ba batenya haholo kapa batho ba nang le BED, litekanyetso tsa ho ata li pakeng tsa 30 le 50% (9, 10).

Leha ho le joalo, ke hobaneng ha lipatlisiso tsee li hanana le bonnete ba YFAS? Ka maikutlo a ka, e mpa e bonts'a hore boima ba 'mele ke tekanyo e fosahetseng ha u bua ka bokhoba ba lijo. Maemong a mangata, botenya ke phello ea tšebeliso e matla ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea tšebeliso ea matla holim'a tšebeliso ea matla (11). Ebile, phoso ea likhalori tsa "caloric" ho batho ba batenya ho feta e ka karolelano <0.0017% ka selemo (12). Boitšoaro ba ho ja ho batho ba joalo ka sebele ha bo tšoane le bokhoba empa bo amana le mekhoa ea ho ja joalo ka makhulo or ho ja ho se na kelello. Sebakeng seo, bokhoba ba tahi bo bapisoa haholo le ho ja ho ja joalo ka ho BED kapa BN (13, 14) 'me ke sona se fumanoang ka ho sebelisa YFAS (15, Meule et al., E romelletsoe). Ho phethela, khopolo ea hore bokhoba ba lijo bo ka ikarabella bakeng sa litheko tse phahameng tsa botona le hore botena bo ikemetseng ka bo eona bo emela boits'oaro bo bobebe bo felile (15, 16) mme YFAS e kentse letsoho tlhokomelong ena. Ho fapana le moo, bokhoba ba lijo bo amanang le mekhoa ea ho itlopa lijo le YFAS - leha e kanna ea se loke - e bonahala e le sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo se thusang maemong ana.

Tlatsetso ea Lijo le Botsoalle ba Kelello

Taba ea bone, khang e 'ngoe ke hore "lithuto tsa ho nahana ka bokamoso […] ha li tšehetse mohlala oa ho lemalla." Sena se ipapisitse le tlhahlobo e mpe ea Ziauddeen le basebetsi mmoho (16), eo le eona e ileng ea tšohloa ka khang (17-19). Ka ho qaqileng, bangoli ba fumane hore lithuto tsa kelello tsa bongo tse kenyelletsang tlhahiso ea lijo tsa batho ba batenya ba nang le kapa ba se nang BED ha li lumellane. Leha ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kelello lithutong tse joalo e atisa ho amana le libaka tsa pele, tsa maoto kapa tsa parisano, ho kenya letsoho libakeng tse ikhethang ho fapana ho feta lithuto. Ntle le moo, leha ho na le ho ts'oana ha karabo ea boko ho lijo le lithethefatsi, ho bontšitsoe phapang e kholo (20).

Leha ho le joalo, likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa lefats'e li ile tsa bonoa tlhahlobisong ea meta (21). Ho se lumellane lithutong tsa ho nahana ka bokong ka karolo e itseng ho tsamaisoa ke heterogeneity ea disampole tse ithutoang. Mohlomong, lithuto tsa nako e tlang tse batlisisang mokhoa oa ho lemalla lijo li lokela ho kenyelletsa batho ba fumanang tlhahlobo ea tahi ea lijo (mohlala, ho sebelisa YFAS) le sehlopha sa taolo ea batho ba sa fumaneng tlhahlobo ea tahi ea lijo. Kahoo, ho kanna ha ba le mabaka a ho etsa qeto ea hore lithuto tsa neuroimaging ha li tšehetse mokhoa oa ho lemalla lijo, hobane lithuto tse ngata tse neng li le teng li ne li sa hlophisoa ka ho khetheha ho etsa lipatlisiso ka sena.

Bohlokoa le Litla-morao tse ka tlase tsa Mochini oa Tlatsetso ea Lijo

Qetellong, mongoli o phethela ka hore "boholo ba phepo e amanang le lijo e bonoang ka bongaka e ka hlalosoa le ho alafshoa ntle le ho hohela, 'me maemong a mang ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho lemalla ho ka lebisa ho tšebelisong e amanang le lijo." e kenyelletsa kotsi ea hore mohlomong o ka baka sekhobo se secha (22, 23) kapa ho tlosa tlhokomelo hole le boikarabello ba motho ka melaoana ea boima ba mmele joalo ka ho ba le ts'ebetso ea mmele (24, 25). Ho feta moo, kalafo ea kelello ea morao-rao ea BED e hlile e atlehile haholo (26) mme, ka hona, e kanna ea se ke ea hloka ho fetoloa ho latela mohlala oa bokhoba ba lijo.

Leha ho le joalo, ho boetse ho fumanoe hore mohopolo oa bokhoba ba lijo o na le pono e ntle ho feta sechaba ha o bapisoa le joala kapa tšebeliso ea koae le hore lebitso la tlatsetso ea litheko tsa lijo le ka fokotsoa ke khethollo ea setjhaba ho feta litumelo tse ling.22, 23, 27). Ho feta moo, litlaleho tsa linyeoe li teng, tse bonts'a hore ho fana ka sebopeho sa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi ho ka ba molemo ho batho ba bang, mohlala, ba loantšanang le ho haelloa ke boima ba 'mele le ho ja (28, 29) kapa mathata a ho ja a kang BN (30). Kahoo, mofuta oa ts'oaetso ea lijo o ka ba molemo maemong a mang mme o ka se hlokehe kapa o ka ba le mathata a tlase ho ba bang. Leha ho le joalo, ho etsa liqeto tse hlakileng ha ho khonehe.

fihlela qeto e

Khopolo ea hore mefuta e meng ea ho ja ho feta tekano e ka emela boitšoaro bo bobe le hore lijo tse ikhethileng li ka ba le tšebeliso ea litheko li builoe ka lingoliloeng tsa mahlale ka lilemo tse mashome (31). Ho li-2000, thahasello ea saense mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa lijo e eketsehile haholo molemong oa seoa sa botenya le ho phahama ha lithuto tsa neuroimaging (32). Ka bomalimabe, "phehisano ena e sebetsa ka matla ho bophatlalatsi le sechabeng mme e ntlafalitsoe ka mokhoa o seng molaong" (1) (leq. 5). Ke lumellana ka mokhoa o hlakileng le sengoli hore (a) litlaleho tsa mecha ea litaba ha li sebetsane ka nepo le mohopolo oa khang ea ho lemalla lijo, (b) lipatlisiso tse ngata tse tsoang liphuputsong tsa liphoofolo ha li e-so phetoe lithutong tsa batho, (c) botenya ha bo emetse tlatsetso ka bo eona , (d) lithuto tsa monahano oa boko ha li lumellane, le hore (e) bohlokoa kapa litheko tse ka tlase tsa mohopolo oa ts'ebeliso ea lijo kalafong kapa litabeng tsa bophelo bo botle li ntse li sa hlaka. Leha ho le joalo, tseo ke litaba tse ka etsahalang ho ithutoa lithutong tse tlang. Kahoo, e ke ke ea e-ba le lebaka le nepahetseng ho qhela khopolo ea ho lemalla lijo e thehiloe ho data e lekanyelitsoeng (18).

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