Na ho Hlakola ha Dopaminergic ho Etsa Hore Motho a se ke a Sebetsoa ho Batho ba Nang le Botenya? (2016)

. 2016; 10: 514.

E phatlalalitsoe marang-rang 2016 Oct 14. Doi:  10.3389 / fnhum.2016.00514

PMCID: PMC5063846

inahaneloang

Ho nona haholo ho tsamaisana le ho ikoetlisa 'meleng, ho eketsang litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle ba botena. Leha ho na le tumellano e pharalletseng eo batho ba nang le botenya lokela ikoetlisa haholoanyane, ho na le mekhoa e fokolang ea ho eketsa boikoetliso ho batho ba nang le botenya. Ho haelloa hona ho bonahala kutloisisong ea rona e fokolang ea lisosa le limolek'hule tsa ho se sebetse ho nona. Re nahana hore ho senyeha ha pontšo ea dopamine ho tlatsetsa ho se sebetseng ho batho ba nang le botenya, joalo ka ha ho na le mathata a ho sisinyeha a khale joalo ka lefu la Parkinson. Mona, re lekola mela e 'meli ea bopaki bo tšehetsang khopolo-taba ena: (1) ho pepeseha ho sa feleng lijong tse nang le phepelo ea' mele ho hokahane le ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso ea dopamine synthesis, release, and receptor, haholo-holo ho striatum, le (2) striatal dopamine is hlokahala bakeng sa taolo e nepahetseng ya motsamao. Ho khetholla likokoana-hloko tsa ho se sebetse ho ka lebisa ho mekhoa e atlehang ea ho eketsa boikoetliso ho batho ba nang le botenya, hape ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea hore na hobaneng ho le thata ho batho ba nang le botenya ho fetola maemo a bona a ho ikoetlisa.

Keywords: botenya, dopamine, boikoetliso, ho ikoetlisa, ho phahamisa 'mele, lefu la Parkinson, mathata a motsamao

Selelekela

Ho nona ho amana le phokotso ea tlhahiso ea makoloi, eo hangata e bitsoang "ho se sebetse hantle 'meleng (Tudor-Locke et al., ; Bouchard et al., ), leha kamano ena e le lebaka e lula e le ntlha ea ngangisano (Simon et al., ; Haskell et al., ; Dwyer-Lindgren et al., ; Swift et al., ). Leha ho le bohlokoa ba ho ikoetlisa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle, ho na le mekhoa e fokolang e sebetsang ea ho eketsa maemo a ho ikoetlisa ho batho ba nang le botenya, e lebisang bafuputsi ba bang ho fihlela qeto ea hore, "hajoale ha ho na lipuisano tse thehiloeng ho bopaki tse ka ntlafatsang le ka botsitso ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. ketso ea batho ba baholo ba batenya ho feta tekano ”(Ekkekakis et al., ). Ntlha ena e bonahala kutloisisong ea rona e fokolang ea li-cellular le limolek'hule tsa ho se sebetse hantle hoa mmele ho batho ba nang le botenya. Re lumela hore kutloisiso ea selefounu ea ke hobane'ng ha botenya bo amana le ho se ikoetlise 'meleng ho hlokahala ho utloisisa,' me qetellong ho fetole kamano pakeng tsa botenya le ho se sebetse. Tlhahlobisong ena, re etsa tlhahiso ea hore ho senyeha ha dopamine ea lefu la pelehi ho kenya letsoho ho se sebetseng 'meleng ka botenya, joalo ka mathata a motsamao oa khale joalo ka lefu la Parkinson.

Striatum ke sebopeho se ka pele se laolang motsamao, hammoho le maemo a ho ithuta le a maikutlo. Ho na le mefuta ea mantlha e kholo ea seleng ho "striatum", "e otlolohileng" le "tsela e sa tobang" ea "tsela" ea "spiny neurons" e fapaneng, hammoho le lihlopha tse ngata tsa li-interneurons. li-dMSN le li-iMSN li bonts'a mokhoa o ikhethang oa polelo ea protheine, sepheo sa projeke, le ts'ehetso ea mesebetsi e fapaneng ea boits'oaro (Alexander le Crutcher, ; DeLong, ; Gerfen et al., ; Graybiel et al., ; Le Moine le Bloch, ; Obeso et al., ;; Setšoantšo Figure1A) .1A). li-dMSN li hlahisa mokhathala oa Gsdopamine e sa tsoakoang D1 receptor (D1R), ha li-iMSN li bua ka inhibitory Gidopamine e sa tsoakoang D2 receptor (D2R; Gerfen et al., ). Dopamine e ka nolofalletsa motsamao ka ho tlama ho D1R le ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea li-DMSN, kapa ho tlama ho D2Rs le ho thibela tlhahiso ea li-IMSNs (Sano et al., ; Buch et al., ; Durieux et al., ; Kravitz et al., ). Ka tsela ena, ho saena ka dopaminergic ho laola ho theoha hoa lets'oao la li-dMSN le li-IMSN, le sephetho sa koloi. Re nolofalitse puisano ena molemong oa tlhahlobo ena, empa ts'ebetso ea striatal e boetse e susumetsoa ke likarolo tse ling tsa mathata (Mink, ; Calabresi et al., ). Mohlala, dorsal striatum hangata e hokahana le taolo ea makoloi, ha ventral striatum e hokahane le ts'usumetso le motsamao o etsoang ka thata (Mogenson et al., ; Voorn et al., ; Kreitzer le Malenka, ).

Setšoantšo sa 1 

Li-circal tsa basal ganglia maemong a bonolo le a botenya. (A) Li-neuron tsa "Striatal neurons li romela" likhakanyo ho 'mele oa bohareng ka tsela e otlolohileng kapa tsela e sa tobang. Schematic e phetoa maemong a lehloa (ka ho le letšehali) le a batenya (ka ho le letona) ho bontša dopaminergic e tlalehiloeng ...

Bohlokoa ba dopamine bakeng sa taolo e nepahetseng ea motsamao bo bonahala ho mathata a methapo. Likhopolo tsa Hypokinetic joalo ka lefu la Parkinson ke litholoana tsa lefu le fokolang haholo la striatal dopamine (Hornykiewicz, ), athe linaha tse nang le khatello ea maikutlo tse kang bipolar mania li amahanngoa le tse ngata haholo (Logan le McClung, ). Lithethefatsi tse eketsang tokollo ea dopamine (mohlala, amphetamine) li eketsa tlhahiso ea motor (Schindler le Carmona, ) le li-antoponist tsa dopamine (tse sebelisitsoeng ka tliliniki ho fokotsa likarolo tsa manic) hangata li baka ho senyeha ha koloi joalo ka litla-morao (Janno et al., ; Parksepp et al., ). Manolo a liphatsa tsa lefutso liphoofolong a tšehetsa karolo ea phetisetso ea dopamine ka taolo ea makoloi, kaha litoeba tse haellang tsa dopamine li fokolitse motsamao (Drago et al., ; Xu et al., ; Baik et al., ; Kelly et al., ; Beeler et al., ), athe tseo li-receptor tsa dopamine tse oxpxpress dopamine li nang le khatello e matla (Ikari et al., ; Ingram et al., ; Dracheva et al., ; Thanos et al., ; Trifilieff et al., ). Haholo-holo, phokotso ea mofuta oa sele ea D2R ho li-iMSN e fokotsa ts'ebetso e bulehileng ea masimo, e bonts'a ho lekana ha D2R ho laola ts'ebetso ea 'mele, ka ho laola tlhahiso ea li-IMSNs (Anzalone et al., ; Lemos et al., ). Ka bokhutšoanyane, dopamine ea striatal e khothaletsa ho tsamaea liphoofolong, ka lebaka la liketso ho li-neuron tsa eona tse emisitsoeng.

Ho nona haholo ho tsamaisana le ho fokola ha mosebetsi oa dopamine. Ho senyeha ho tlalehiloeng ho kenyelletsa ho haella ha dopamine synthesis le tokollo, hammoho le liphetoho ho li-striatal dopamine receptors. Ha liphetoho lipakeng tsa phetisetso ea DA e tsamaisoa hangata ho amanang le ts'ebetso ea moputso (Kenny et al., ; Volkow et al., ), re kholoa hore mathata ana a ka fokolisa khokahano lipakeng tsa botenya le ho se ikoetlise 'meleng. (Figure1B1B).

Ho nona haholo le ho ikoetlisa

Kamano e sa lumellaneng pakeng tsa ho nona ka boima ba 'mele le ho ikoetlisa e bonoe bathong (Hemmingsson le Ekelund, ; Chaput et al., ; Hjorth et al., ), li-primates tse seng tsa motho (Wolden-Hanson et al., ), liphoofolo tse ruiloeng (Morrison et al., ), le litoeba (Jürgens et al., ; Bjursell et al., ). Sebopeho sa mefuta ea sefapano kamanong ena se bonts'a hore ke ketsahalo e bolokiloeng e ka 'nang ea hlaha molemong oa ntlafatso ea ho boloka matla ka nako ea caloric e fetelletseng, e leng boemo bo sa tloaelehang tlholehong. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a kajeno a ho se ikoetlise 'meleng ho mpefatsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa botenya, ho eketsa kotsi ea lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere (Al Tunaiji et al., ; Bao et al., ; Bouchard et al., ). Ho ka etsahala hore ho se sebetse hantle hoa 'mele ho tla pele,' me ka hona ho kenya letsoho, ho fumana boima ba 'mele (Jürgens et al., ; Haskell et al., ). Ka sebele liphoofolo tse nang le litekanyo tse phahameng tsa boikoetliso ba 'mele li itširelelitse ka mokhoa o fapaneng khahlanong le botenya bo tlisoang ke ho ja (Teske et al., ; Zhang et al., ). Le ha phapang e teng lipakeng tsa maemo a ts'ebetso e kanna ea kenya letsoho kamanong lipakeng tsa botenya le ho ikoetlisa 'meleng, seleng sa cellular e ntse e sa hlaka ke hobane'ng ha batho ba nang le botenya ha ba sebetse.

Karolo ea mathata a ho utloisisa kamano ena e tsoa tlhahisong e atileng ea lintho tse peli tse fapaneng. Mohlala, boima ba ho tloaela ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o feteletseng bo thibela ho sisinyeha ha mmele le mesifa mme bo eketsa bohloko bo kopaneng, bo ka etsang hore ho be thata haholo hore batho ba tsamaee (Belczak et al., ; Muramoto et al., ). Leha ho le joalo, boima bo le bong ha bo bonahale bo lekane ho hlalosa ho se sebetse hantle meleng ho batho ba nang le botenya. Bafuputsi ba bangata ba hlokometse litekanyetso tsa ho ikoetlisa ka linako tsohle tsa ho theola boima ba 'mele, ho bona hore na maemo a ho ikoetlisa a eketseha ha batho ba theola boima ba' mele, 'me ba na le litlamorao tse fokolang tse fokotsang ho tsofala ho feteletseng. Ho makatsang ke hore ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele hangata ho tsamaisana le ea fokotseha, mme ha e eketsehe, ts'ebetsong ea 'mele (de Boer et al., ; de Groot et al., ; Martin et al., ; Redman et al., ). Liphetho tsena li hlalositsoe mabapi le liphetoho tsa metabolic, ha 'mele o batla ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa matla ho lefella litšenyehelo tsa caloric tse hlahisoang ke lijo. Leha ho le joalo, ha lithuto li ne li hlahlojoa nakong ea ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ho fihlela selemo, maemo a ho ikoetlisa a ne a ntse a sa eketsehe kaholimo ho litekanyetso tsa pele ho lijo (Camps et al., ). Liphetho tse tšoanang li tlalehiloe kamora ho buuoa ka mpeng. Leha e le boima ba 'mele bo boholo (> 30 kg), litekanyo tse sa lekanyetsoang tsa boikoetliso ha lia eketseha ho bakuli ba fumaneng opereishene e fetang ea mpa, esita le likhoeli tse 12 kamora tlhoro ea boima ba' mele (Bond et al., ; Ramirez-Marrero et al., ; Berglind et al., , ). Boithuto ho liphoofolo bo ts'ehetsa liqeto tsena, kaha tahlehelo ea boitseko e boetse e amahanngoa le ho fokotseha, mme ha ho eketsehe, mesebetsing ea 'mele (Sullivan le Cameron, ; Morrison et al., ; Vitger et al., ). Re etsa qeto ea hore boima ba ho tloaela ho sebelisa maemo a mangata ha bo hlalose ka ho lekaneng kamano e pakeng tsa botenya le ho ikoetlisa 'meleng. Ho fapana le moo, bopaki bo fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ikamahanya le maemo ho tlisoang ke botena ho tsoela pele ho kenya letsoho ho se ikoetlise 'meleng, le kamora ho theola boima ba' mele. Le ha liphetoho tsena li ka kenyelletsa litaba tsa motsamao o sa fetoheng manonyeletsong kapa mesifa, rea kholoa hore ho potoloha ka koloi bokong le hona ho na le tlatsetso e kholo. Ka ho khetheha, re nahana hore khaello ea dopaminergic signaling e kenya letsoho phokotsong e phehellang ea ts'ebetso ea 'mele ka botenya.

Ho ts'ehetsa hape sephetho sa hore boima ba ho tsebahala ka ho hlaka ha bo hlalose ka nepo ho se ikoetlise 'meleng ka botenya, ha se lihlopha tsohle tsa liphoofolo tse batenya, kapa batho ba nang le botenya, ba nang le maemo a tlase a ho ikoetlisa. Le lithutong tse tlaleha bofokoli ho dopamine ea striatal, maemo a ho ikoetlisa a lula a sa ntlafatsoe (Davis et al., ). Ho fumanoe lintho tse tšoanang tse fumanoeng tlas'a maemo a laoloang ho batho. Phuputsong ea beke ea 8 eo ho eona lithuto li neng li fepuoa haholo ke likhalori tsa 1000 ka letsatsi, lithuto li ile tsa eketsa haholo ts'ebetso ea tsona ea boits'oaro, le ha li fumane karolelano ea lik'hilograma tsa 4.7. Bangoli ba ile ba hokahanya keketseho ena mochini oa ho hlatsoa matla a mangata ho boloka boima ba 'mele (Levine et al., ). Keketseho e ts'oanang ea ho ikoetlisa e tlalehiloe phuputsong e fetang ea beke ea 8, leha ho na le phaello e atileng ea boima ba ligrama tsa 5.3 (Apolzan et al., ). Le ha ho ikoetlisa 'meleng e le sesosa sa ho nona haholo bathong ba bangata, ho na le phapang e batsi ntlheng ena. Ho fapana hona e ka ba tsela e 'ngoe ea ho utolla botebo ba kamano ea lipakeng tsa boikoetliso le botenya.

Ho nona le ho sitisoa ha tlhahiso ea dopamine le tokollo

Letlotlo la lipatlisiso tsa liphoofolo le hlalositse liphetoho tse teng tsamaisong ea dopamine ka botenya. Boholo ba liphuputso tse fumanehang ka litoeba tsa monokotšoai li shebile phetiso ea dopamine ka har'a nucleus accumbens (NAc), e lulang setulong sa cyral mme e kenya letsoho ho sisinyeheng ka matla (Salamone et al., ; Schmidt et al., ). Ho ipapisitsoe le karolo ena, NAc e kanna ea bohlokoa haholo ho hlalosa ho haella ha boikoetliso bo mafolofolo ba ho nona haholo (Ekkekakis et al., ). Nako e telele ad libitum lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata li fokotsetse tonic dopamine ho NAc ea litoeba (Carlin et al., ) hammoho le phetoho ea dopamine ho NAc ea likhoto (Davis et al., ). Phokotso ena e ikhethileng e ne e fapane le ea ho bapisoa le maemo, joalo ka likhoto tse fepang lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata le tsona li fokotsehile ka tlhahiso ea dopamine (Davis et al., ). Le ha ho ja ka bobeli le ho ja mafura a mangata ho ile ha eketsa dopamine ea phasic ho NAc ea likhoto tse nang le mafura, litoeba tse nang le mafura li bile le karabelo e fositseng lijong tsena (Geiger et al., ). Ho pepeseha ho sa feleng ho ka hlokahala bakeng sa bofokoli ho ho saena hoa phasic dopamine, kaha ho bonoa ho latela 6, empa eseng 2, libeke tsa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (Cone et al., ). Ho tšoana le liphapang tse bonoeng tokollong ea phasic dopamine ho NAc ea liphoofolo tse motenya, likhoto tse neng li ts'oaroa hore li natefeloe ke boima ba mmele li fokolitse likarabo tsa dopaminergic ka bobeli chow (Geiger et al., ) le lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (Rada et al., ).

Khaello e kaholimo ea ho lokolloa ha dopamine e ka hlalosoa ke liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tse amehang ho kopaneng le metabolism ea dopamine. Libaka tsa Midbrain dopamine ho kenyelletsa le sebaka saantiantia nigra le sebaka se kenellang hare sa moea (VTA) li fana ka bolulo bo ka sehloohong ba dopaminergic ho striatum (Setšoantšo. (Figure1) .1). Khopolo ea tyrosine hydroxylase, enzymme e fokotsang litekanyetso ho dopamine synthesis, e fokotsehile ho VTA ea litoeba e fepa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (Vucetic et al., ; Carlin et al., ). Hape, sena se ne se sa itšetleha ka poloko ea mafura, joalo ka litlamorao tse ts'oanang li ile tsa bonoa ho litoeba tse fepiloeng lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (Li et al., ). Kameho ea lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata ho co-acetyl methyl transferase (COMT), enzyme ea bohlokoa e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho senyeha ha dopamine ha e hlake, 'me lithuto tse tlalehang ekaba li fokotsehile (Carlin et al., ) kapa ha e fetohe (Alsio et al., ; Vucetic et al., ) polelo kamora ho natefeloa ke ho ja haholo. Ho khahlisang ke hore ho batho, li-polymorphisms tse fanang ka ts'ebetso e tlase ea li-monoamine-oxidase (enzyme e 'ngoe e ka sehloohong e ikarabellang bakeng sa dopamine e nyenyefatsang) e hokahane le botenya (Camarena et al., ; Ducci et al., ; Hloka et al., ). Ka kakaretso, bopaki bo ts'ehetsa liqeto tse peli: (1) ho pepesetsoa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata ho ka sitisa tlhahiso ea dopamine le ho lokolloa ha dopamine le ho e sebetsa, empa (2) heterogeneity e teng hara litlaleho tsena, e bonts'a hore tshusumetso ea lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata ho dopamine Sisteme e thata ebile e ka hlaha ka tsela e fapaneng hara batho ba fapaneng.

Ho nona le ho se sebetse hantle ha li-receptor tsa dopamine

Bafuputsi ba bangata ba hlokometse liphetoho liphoofolong tsa dopamine ho batho ba nang le botenya. Batho ba nang le bonyane kopi e le 'ngoe ea drd2 Taq1A allele e fokolisitse ho fumaneha ha kelello ea D2R ea ~ 30-40% (Noble et al., ; Thompson et al., ) le ho ata ha botenya (Blum et al., ;; Stice et al., , ;; Davis et al., ; Carpenter et al., ). Kamano e fapaneng pakeng tsa botenya le ho fumaneha ha D2R, e nahannoeng ka positron emission tomography (PET), le eona e tlalehiloe bathong. Sena se tlalehiloe pele ke Wang et al. () mme e ne e tšehelitsoe qalong ke ba bang (Volkow et al., ; de Weijer et al., ; Kessler et al., ; van de Giessen et al., ). Leha ho le joalo, lihlopha tse ling tse 'maloa li ile tsa sitoa ho etsa tlhahiso ena (Dunn et al., ; Caravaggio et al., ; Cosgrove et al., ; Karlsson et al., , ; Tuominen et al., ), kapa o fumane mekhatlo e hanyetsang libakeng tse fapaneng tsa striatum (Guo et al., ). Ho khahlisang, Guo le basebetsi-mmoho ba hlokometse kamano e mpe pakeng tsa index ea 'mele ea boima ba' mele (BMI) le D2R e tlama feela ho "ventral striatum" e ka amanang le ho sisinyeha ka matla (Salamone et al., ; Schmidt et al., ). Menyetla e 'maloa e kanna ea baka karohano har'a lithuto tsa D2R le BMI. Li-radio-ligands tse fapaneng tsa D2R li ile tsa sebelisoa har'a lithuto tsena, tse ka kopanyang ka mokhoa o fapaneng D2R kapa D3Rs (Gaiser et al., ). Liphetoho lentsoeng la dopamine modumo li ka ama bokhoni ba ho tlama (Horstmann et al., ). Qetellong, lintlha tsa liteko tse kenyelletsang nako ea kamora ho ja lijo kapa ho fapana ka se le seng lipakeng tsa lithuto li ka kenya letsoho phapanyetsanong e hlokometsoeng (e nyane et al., ).

Lithuto tsa liphoofolo li hokahane khafetsa le ho senyeha ho D2Rs ho botona, ka tlhahlobo ea mRNA (Mathes et al., ; Zhang et al., ), protheine (Johnson le Kenny, ; Adams et al., ), le li-receptor binding (Huang et al., ; Hajnal et al., ; Thanos et al., ; Michaelides et al., ; van de Giessen et al., , ; Narayanaswami et al., ). Ho khahlisang, likhoto tse bolokiloeng ho lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (empa eseng tsoekere e phahameng) le tsona li ne li e-na le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa D2R ho li-ventral (empa eseng dorsal) striatum (Adams et al., ), e ts'ehetsang qeto ea hore ho pepesetsoa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata e kanna ea ba tšenyo ea nako ea dopaminergic dysfunction ho feta ho ithusa ka boima ba 'mele (van de Giessen et al., ). Ho fihla hajoale, ha ho na mosebetsi o phatlalalitsoeng o hlahlobisitseng litloaelano lipakeng tsa D1-mofuta dopamine receptors (D1Rs) le botenya ho batho, kahoo tlhahlobo ea liphetoho tse ka bang teng mona e lekanyelitsoe ho palo e nyane ea lithuto tsa liphoofolo. D1R mRNA e ne e fokotsehile ho likhoto tse feteletseng tse amanang le taolo ea lean (Vucetic et al., ; Zhang et al., ), ha thuto e 'ngoe e tlaleha ho fokotseha ha li-D1Rs feela ho likhoto tsa basali (Ong et al., ). Re phethela ka hore ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea D2Rs e bonahala e le phetoho ea bohlokoa ho boteng, leha ho na le phapang e kholo literekeng tsa D2R har'a lithuto le batho ka bomong. Ka bomalimabe, lithuto tsa D1R ha li na nako ea ho etsa liqeto tse matla mabapi le kamano ea tsona le botena.

Na liphetoho tse bang teng tšebetsong ea dopamine lia fola?

Ha ho hlake hore na liphetoho tse hlahisitsoeng ho dopamine ho batho ba nang le botenya li ntse li tsoela pele ka mor'a ho theola boima ba 'mele. Lithuto tse 'maloa tse teng ka sehlooho sena li supa hore liphetoho tse bang teng dopaminergic ha li khone ho fetoha,' me ka linako tse ling li mpefatsa le ho feta. Lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata li ile tsa fokotsa maemo a li-enzyme tse 'maloa tse kenyelletsang tlhahiso ea dopamine ho VTA le NAc,' me ho fetola litoeba tsena tse nang le mafura a mangata ho baka mafolofolo le ho feta liphatlalatsong tsena tsa li-enzyme (Carlin et al., ; Sharma et al., ). Liphuputso tse peli tsa PET tsa ho nahana ka PET li tlaleha ho haelloa ke ho hlaphoheloa ha D2R e tlamang ho latela ts'ebetso ea Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surge (RYGB) bathong, e 'ngoe e bonts'a ho fokotseha le ho feta ha tlama (Dunn et al. ; de Weijer et al., ). Phuputso e nyane ea basali ba bahlano e tlalehile ho hlaphoheloa ha nakoana bakeng sa D2R e tlamang 6-libeke ka mor'a RYGB (Steele et al., ). Keketseho ea ho tlama ha D2R e boetse e tlalehiloe nakong ea thibelo ea lijo le liphetoho tse amanang le boima lithutong tse feteletseng (Thanos et al., ). Le ha data e mabapi le sehlooho sena e haelloa, ho bonahala eka liphetoho tse hlahisoang ke ho ja lijong tsa dopamine bonyane li phehella ho latela boima ba 'mele. Tumellanong le sephetho sena, maemo a ts'ebetso ea 'mele a lula a le tlase ho batho ba nang le botenya, esita le likhoeli ka mor'a tlhoro ea ho fokotsa boima ba' mele (Bond et al., ; Likampo et al., ; Ramirez-Marrero et al., ; Berglind et al., , ). Hape, palo e nyane ea lithuto tsa sehlooho sena e tiisa liqeto tse tiileng, 'me e hatisa tlhokahalo ea lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le phetoho ea liphetoho tsa dopaminergic ho batho ba nang le botenya.

Ho nona le ho se sebetse hantle mmeleng: liqeto

Ho pepesetsoa nako e telele ea ho ja lijo tse nang le "obesogenic" ho amana le liphetoho maemong le tšebetso ea 'mele le dopaminergic. Liphetoho tse susumetsoang ke lijo lijong tsa dopamine li kanna tsa lekana ho hlalosa nts'etsopele ea ho se ikoetlise 'meleng ho batho ba nang le botenya. Kutloisiso e eketsehang ea liphetoho tse amanang le botenya ho dopamine le lits'ebetso tse amanang le tsona li ka ts'ehetsa mekhoa e thehiloeng ke bopaki bakeng sa ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele ho batho ba nang le botenya. Ntle le moo, kutloisiso e joalo e ka senola liphallelo tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa tikoloho ho dopaminergic dysfunction, le ho se sebetse 'meleng, boteng.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

AK, TO, le DF ba ile ba amohela mohopolo ona mme ba ngola le ho hlophisa buka ena e ngotsoeng ka letsoho.

Khohlano ea polelo ea thahasello

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

lumela hore baa fokola

Mosebetsi ona o tšehelitsoe ke lenaneo la lipatlisiso tsa NIH Intramural. Re leboha Kavya Devarakonda bakeng sa maikutlo a hae mabapi le buka ena e ngotsoeng ka letsoho.

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