Dorsal Striatal Dopamine, Khethollo ea Lijo le Bophelo Pono ea Batho (2014)

PloS One. 2014; 9 (5): e96319.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2014 May 7. doi:  10.1371 / journal.pone.0096319

PMCID: PMC4012945

J. Bruce Morton, Mohlophisi

Sehlooho sena se bile teng e boletsoeng ke lihlooho tse ling ho PMC.

inahaneloang

Ho fihla joale, ke liphuputso tse fokolang tse ileng tsa hlahloba mekhoa ea methapo e tšehetsang liphapang tsa motho ka mong mabapi le khetho ea lijo ho batho. Mona re lekola hore na dopamine ea dorsal striatal dopamine joang, joalo ka ha e lekantsoe ke triter ea positron emission tomography (PET) [18F] fluorometatyrosine (FMT), e lumellana le ho nka liqeto tse amanang le lijo, le index ea 'mele (BMI) ho 16 boima ba' mele ho batho ba batenya haholo. Re fumana hore PET FMT dopamine synthetase e tlamang e ka kopanyang li-BMI e phahameng, khetho e kholo bakeng sa lijo tse nkoang li "phetse hantle", empa le litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lijo. Liphumano tsena li tiisa karolo ea dorsal striatal dopamine boits'oarong bo amanang le lijo mme e fana ka leseli mabapi le ho rarahana ha liphapang tsa batho ka bomong ha ba rata lijo.

Selelekela

Sechaba sa sejoale-joale se pota-potiloe ke mefuta e mengata ea lijo le likhetho tse fapaneng, tseo karolo e 'ngoe ea tsona e tlatsetsang ho eketseheng ha batho ba fetang boima ba' mele United States. . Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e ka sehloohong ea tšebetso ea methapo e tšehetsang liphapang tsa batho ka bomong ha e utloisisoe hantle. Batho ba bang ka tlhaho ba theha litakatso tsa bona tsa lijo ho boleng ba lijo tse bapisoang le boleng ba tatso ea lijo, 'me vmPFC e bontšitsoe e bapala karolo litekanyetsong tsa sepheo tse amanang le ts'usumetso ea "bophelo bo botle" le " latsoa ” . Ntle le moo, ho na le phapang e pharalletseng ea kahlolo ea batho kahare ea likhalori le "bophelo bo botle" ba lijo , 'me liphuputso li bonts'a lijo tse "nang le phepo" tse ntle haholo ha li bapisoa le lijo tse nkoang li se "phepo", leha li na le phepo e lekanang , .

Dorsal striatal dopamine e bontšitsoe e bapala karolo ea ho susumetsa lijo ka mefuta ea batho le ea liphoofolo , , , leha ho le joalo kamano e pakeng tsa dopamine le takatso ea lijo kapa litakatso ho batho ha e so ka e hlahlojoa ka botlalo. Ho feta moo, lithuto tse sebelisang li-ligm tsa PET tse kopanyang li-receptor tsa dopamine li bontšitse khokahano le BMI, leha ho le joalo, ho tse peli tse ntle hape e mpe lintlha, mme ha se lithuto tsohle tse fumanang mekhatlo ea bohlokoa (bakeng sa tlhahlobo. Bona ). Hape, ka lebaka la sebopeho sa li-ligand tsena tsa PET tse itšetlehileng ka mofuta oa tlhahiso ea dopamine ea endo native, ho thata ho hlalosa likamano lipakeng tsa striatal dopamine le BMI. Ho tlama dopamine receptor e ka tlase ho ka emetse li-receptor tse fokolang tse teng tsa dopamine (ke hore kamano e seng ntle pakeng tsa PET binding le BMI, joalo ka ha e fumanoe ho ), kapa ho tlama dopamine receptor e tlamang ho ka emisa ho lokolloa hoa maqhubu a maqhubu a dopamine, ho lumella li-receptor tse fumanehang moo ligand ea PET e ka kopanyang (ka mohlala, kamano e ntle pakeng tsa ho tlama le BMI, joalo ka ha e fumanoe ho ). Ho tlatselletsa lithuto tse fetileng tse sebelisitseng li-ligands tsa PET tse kopanyang li-dopamine receptors, mona re sebelisitse tekanyo e tsitsitseng ea bokhoni ba syntynaptic dopamine synthesis ka matla a PET lig [18F] fluorometatyrosine (FMT) e ithutoang haholo mefuteng ea batho le ea liphoofolo , , , .

Morero oa thuto ea rona e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa kamano lipakeng tsa dorsal striatal PET FMT dopamine synthesis methane le BMI le ho ithuta hore na mehato ena ea PET FMT dopamine e ka tsamaellana joang le liphapang tsa motho ka mong. Re ile ra kholoa hore PET FMT dopamine synthet e tlamang e tla lumellana le BMI e phahameng, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ke mosebetsi o fetileng . Re boetse ra bolela esale pele hore batho ba nang le "dopamine" e tlase ea tlhaho ba tla ba le khetho e kholo bakeng sa lijo (ke hore, lijo tse "phetseng hantle" le "tse sa pheleng hantle") ha li bapisoa le batho ba nang le dopamine e phahameng ea striatal le hore maikutlo a bophelo ba motho ka boeena a lintho tsa lijo le tsona li ka susumetsa ratang.

Mekhoa le Lisebelisoa

Lihlooho

Baithuto ba mashome a mararo a metso e meraro ba phetseng hantle, ba ka letsohong le letona ba neng ba amohetse scop synthesis scann ea PET FMT ba ile ba memeloa ho nka karolo lithutong tsa boitšoaro bo hlahisitsoeng mona mme ba sa fuoe tsebo ea pele ho thuto, ba tsebisoa feela hore ho kenyelletsa ho etsa liqeto tse thata. Ho li-33 tsena, lithuto tsa 16 li lumellane ho nka karolo (8 M, 20-30) ea lilemo. BMI ((boima ba li-kilograms) / (bophahamo ba limilimithara) N2) e ne e baloa bakeng sa lithuto tsohle (mefuta: 20.2-33.4, e nang le li-1 tseese, boima ba 4 bo feteletseng le li-11 tsa boima ba 'mele). Lihlooho li ne li se na nalane ea tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, mathata a ho ja, khatello e kholo ea maikutlo le mathata a ho tšoenyeha. Bafo ba boetse ba botsoa hore na ba phela hantle haholo, ba futsanehile, ba itekanetse hantle kapa ba phetse hantle. Bohle ba tlalehiloe ba maemong a akaretsang a bophelo bo botle haholo 'me ha ba sa ja kapa hona ho theola boima ba' mele. Boemo ba sechaba le sechaba (SES) bo ile ba bokelloa ho tsoa ho batho ka bomong ba sebelisang tekanyo e nolofalitsoeng ea Barratt ea boemo ba sechaba (BSMSS) .

Boitšoaro ba Melao

Lihlooho tsohle li fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo 'me li lefelletsoe ho nka karolo ho latela tataiso ea setheo ea komiti ea melao ea boitšoaro ea lehae (University of California Berkeley (UCB) le Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Komiti ea Ts'ireletso ea Barupeluoa ba Batho (CPHP) le Lawrence Berkeley National Diboto tsa Tlhatlhobo ya Setheo sa Laboratori (IRB). Li-CPHP tsa li-UCB le tsa LBNL le li-IRB li amohetse ka kotloloho lithuto tse hlahisitsoeng mona

Phumano ea data ea PET le tlhahlobo

P imaging ea PET le ho kopanya ha FMT li entsoe Lawrence Berkeley National Laborator, joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe pele . FMT ke karoloana ea monko o monate oa L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), enanthate e etsang dopamine eo mosebetsi oa eona o tsamaisanang le bokhoni ba methapo ea kutlo ea dopaminergic ho kopanya dopamine mme e bontšitsoe e le sesupo sa bokhoni ba syntopic dopamine synthesis . FMT e hlahisitsoe ke AADC ho [18F] fluorometatyramine, e nang le oxidized ho [18F] fluorohydroxyphenylacetic acid (FPAC), e lula li-terminals tsa dopaminergic mme e bonahala likhatisong tsa PET FMT. Ka hona, lets'oao la matšoao ho maqhubu a PET FMT le bontšitsoe hore le ka bapisoa le [18F] fluorodopa , eo ho eona ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e tsamaellanang haholo (r = 0.97, p <0.003) e nang le protheine ea striatal dopamine maemong a bakuli ba kamora lefu, joalo ka ha e lekantsoe ke mekhoa e phahameng ea ts'ebetso ea mokelikeli oa mokelikeli (HPLC) . Ho feta moo, ha ho bapisoa le [18F] fluorodopa, FMT hape ha se sebopeho sa O-methylation mme ka hona e fana ka litšoantšo tse phahameng tsa lerata ho feta [18F] fluorodopa . Ntle le moo, litekanyo tsa FMT li bontšitsoe hore li tsamaellana ka kotloloho le mehato ea dopamine mefuteng ea lefu la Parkinson .

Sekepe se ne se entsoe ka 9AM-12PM kapa 1PM-4PM. Ho lieha ho tloaelehileng pakeng tsa ho fumana data ea synthet ea PET FMT le datha tsa boits'oaro e ne e le lilemo tsa 2.37 ± 0.26, ho bapisoa le ho lieha ho tlalehiloeng thutong e fetileng ho tsoa ho lab ea rona e sebelisang PET FMT . Le ha ho lieha hona ho sa lokele, thuto e entsoeng ke Vingerhoets et al. e bontšitse hore striatal Ki e amanang le presynaptic dopamine ke tekanyo e tsitsitseng, ho ba le monyetla oa 95% oa ho lula kahare ho 18% ea boleng ba eona ba mantlha kahare ho lithuto tse nang le phepo ka nako ea 7-time. Ka hona, mehato ea FMT, e ts'oanang le [18F] fluorodopa , ho nahanoa hore e bonts'a lits'ebetso tse tsitsitseng (ke hore, sebopeho sa synthetiki) mme ka hona ha e amehe haholo ka liphetoho tse amanang le mmuso. Ntle le moo, BMI e ne e sa fapana haholo pakeng tsa ho nkuoa hoa PET le boits'oaro ba boitšoaro (phetoho e tloaelehileng ho BMI: 0.13 ± 1.45, T (15) = 0.2616, p = 0.79, liteko tse nang le marang-rang a mabeli a marang-rang. Hape, lithuto tsohle li ile tsa hlahlojoa bakeng sa liphetoho tsa mokhoa oa bophelo ka nako ho tloha tlhahlobo ea ho qetela (ke hore, phetoho ea ho ja le ho ikoetlisa / ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi, ho tsuba kapa ho nooa, boemo ba bophelo ba kelello kapa ba bongaka). Kamora nako, phetoho ho BMI ho tloha nakong ea sekaseka sa PET FMT ho ea litekong tsa boits'oaro le nako e seng e fetile pakeng tsa scan ninete ea PET le liteko tsa boits'oaro li sebelisitsoe joalo ka liphapang tse ngata tsa tlhahlobo ea data.

Lits'oants'o tsa PET li ne li etsoa ka kh'amera ea LG ECAT-HR PET (Knoxville, TN). Hoo e ka bang 2.5 mCi ea tšebetso e khethehileng ea FMT e ile ea kenngoa e le bolus ho methapo ea antecubital mme tatelano e matla ea phihlello moleng oa 3D e fumanoe nako eohle ea 89 min scan. Litšoantšo tse peli tse phahameng tsa li-anatomical (MPRAGE) li ile tsa fumanoa ho motho e mong le e mong ea nkang karolo ho Motorola 1.5 T Magnetom Avanto MRI scanner (Motorola, Erlangen, Jeremane), ba sebelisa coil ea 12-channel ea li-coil (TE / TR = 3.58 / 2120 ms; voxel size = 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm, likhechana tsa 160 axial; FOV = 256 mm; nako ea ho hlahloba ∼9 metsotso. Li-MPRAGE tsena li ile tsa kenyelletsoa ho fumana setšoantšo se le seng se nang le liqeto tse phahameng, se neng se sebelisoa ho hlahisa libaka tse khahlisang tsa "caudate" le "cerebellum" (ROI).

ROI ea leqeleng le ka ho le letona ea caudate le cerebellum (e sebelisoang e le sebaka sa litšupiso, joalo ka lithutong tse fetileng ) li ne li huloa ka letsoho ho scan ninemanga ea motho e mong le e mong ea "anatomical MRI" e sebelisang FSLView (http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/), joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe pele . Ho ts'epahala kahare ho pakeng le kahare ho ne ho le kaholimo ho 95% (ho tsoa litekanyetsong tse entsoeng ke litho tse peli tsa lab). Ho qoba ho silafatsoa ke letšoao la FMT ho tsoa ho dopaminergic nuclei, ke likarolo tse tharo feela tsa bohlasoa tsa litaba tse bohlooho li kenyellelitsoeng sebakeng sa litšupiso tsa "cerebellar". Kamora ho ngolisa ka kopanelo sebakeng sa PET FMT, ke li-voxel feela tse nang le monyetla o kaholimo oa 50% oa ho bua leshano ho li-ROI tse ileng tsa kenyelletsoa ho netefatsa monyetla oa taba e phahameng ea bohlooho.

Litšoantšo tsa PET FMT li ile tsa hlophisoa bocha ka algorithm e laetsoeng ho phahamisa litšepe tse nang le boima ba eona, ea hasanya ho lokisoa, ho tsamaisoa le ho ntlafatsoa ka 4 mm ka bophara ba halofo e lekanang ea kernel, ho sebelisoa Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8 (SPM8) (www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/). Scanolo ea MRI ea anatomical e ne e hlophisitsoe hantle ho ea ho setšoantšo se boleloang sa liforeimi tsohle tse lekantsoeng lenaneong la PET FMT u sebelisa FSL-FLIRT (http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/, mofuta 4.1.2). Re sebelisa lenaneo la ho hlaka litšoantšo la Patlak , , Ki litšoantšo, tse emelang palo ea tracer e bokelletsoeng bokong bo amanang le sebaka sa ts'upiso (cerebellum) ,, tloaelo e tloaelehileng ho tlhahlobisong ea PET ho fokotsa lerata le ka bakoang ke lerata ho tsoa ho data ea PET). Ki boleng bo fumanoe ka thoko ho ROD ea boits'ebetso le ho le letona le mekhatlo e ne e thathamisitsoe lipakeng tsa Ki litekanyetso, BMI, le mekhoa ea boits'oaro. Ntle le moo, ho tloha ka lilemo le thobalano li bontšitsoe li na le phello ho tlamo ea FMT , , likamano lipakeng tsa FMT le BMI li ile tsa lokisoa bakeng sa lilemo le thobalano (hammoho le liphetoho life kapa life ho BMI ho tloha nakong ea PET scan ho ea tekong ea boits'oaro) ka taolo ea lintho tse fapaneng peakanong ea Pearson.

Litaba tsa boitšoaro

Baithuto ba ile ba kopuoa ho ja lijo tse tloaelehileng, empa eseng tse boima haholo hora pele ho nako ea tlhahlobo. Bakeng sa ho khothaletsa ho latela kopo ena, linako tsa liteko li ile tsa hlophisetsoa kamora linako tse tloaelehileng tsa lijo (ke hore, 9AM, 2PM le 7: 30PM), 'me nako ea lijo tsa ho qetela e tlalehiloe. Lintho tse jeoang pele ho tlhahlobo le nako e setseng ho tloha lijong tsa ho qetela tse jeoang ho fihlela litekong tsa liteko li ile tsa tlalehoa, (joalo ka ha ho hlahisoa ke mehloli www.caloriecount.com le lijo le mefuta e fapaneng e tlalehiloeng ke motho ka mong. Ho netefatsa hore tlala ha e na ho susumetsa mosebetsi, re boetse re lekanya tlala le botlalo ka sekala sa analog .

Litšoantšo tsa lisebelisoa tse mashome a robeli tsa lijo li sebelisitsoe moo lithuto li ileng tsa botsoa ho lekanya lintho tse ho li-3 li-block tse arohaneng tse thehiloeng ho 1) takatso, 2) healthness le 3) ho latsoa ka har'a lenaneo la E-Prime Professional (Psychology Software Tool, Inc., Sharpsburg, PA, USA) (bona Setšoantšo sa 1). Bakeng sa ho theha mosebetsi ka lipalo tse lekaneng tsa lijo tse phetseng hantle, tse se nang phepo le tse sa jeleng paate, re qalile re theha boleng ba bophelo bo botle bakeng sa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lijo tse mashome a robeli ka ho abela palo e lekantsoeng, ea sepheo sa -3 (e seng kotsi haholo) ho + 3 ( a phetseng hantle haholo) ho lijo ka seng tse thehiloeng ho sehlopha sa lengolo (ho tloha ho F-minus (ho se phetse hantle haholo) ho ea ho A-plus (bophelo bo botle haholo) le tlhaiso-leseling ea phepo e tsoang mohloling oa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang www.caloriecount.com. Meqolo ena ea mangolo e kenyelletsa lintlha tse 'maloa (ke hore, khalori, ligrama ea mafura, fiber joalo-joalo)' me e thathamisitsoe ho e le mokhoa oa "likhetho tsa ho ja ka mokhoa o phetseng hantle," joalo ka ha ho boletsoe webosaeteng. Joale re lekanya mosebetsi ka lipalo tse lekanang tsa bophelo bo botle (ke hore lijo tse nang le lipalo tsa 2 kapa 3, joalo ka litholoana le meroho), re sa nke lehlakore (ke hore, lijo tse nang le lintlha tsa 1 le −1, joalo ka li-saltine crackers) le lintho tse se nang phepo (ke hore, lijo tse nang le sepheo se sengata sa −2 kapa −3 joalo ka li-candy tse sebetsitsoeng haholo).

Setšoantšo sa 1  

Mosebetsi oa Boitšoaro.

Lihlooho li ile tsa botsoa pele ho lekanya hore na li “batla” kapa li “batla” ntho e ngoe le e ngoe hakae (sekala sa 1 (ba sa batleng ka tieo) ho 4 (batla ka matla), eo ho buuoang ka eona temaneng eohle e le "ratang", polelo e tsamaellanang le lingoliloeng . Ntho ea lijo e tla hlaha 'me sehlooho se ne se tla ba le metsotsoana ea 4 ho se araba,' me se ile sa lekanya lintho tsohle tse mashome a robeli tsa lijo pele se fetela litsing tsa "bophelo bo botle" le "tatso" (bona ka tlase). Hobane batho ba na le bokhoni ba ho fetola likhetho tsa lijo ba sa itšetleha feela ka tatso ea lijo tse itseng, empa hape le ka maikutlo a bophelo bo botle , re mpa re kopile taba hore e lekanye hore na ba ka batla lijo tse kae kapa ba fumana lijo tse lakatsehang 'me mokhoa oa ho khetha o lula o hlahisoa pele. Boitekong ba ho fumana hore na sehlooho se ratoang ke lijo li hlahisitsoe hakae, ba ile ba bolelloa hore ba tla fumana lijo tse tsoang mosebetsing qetellong ea tlhahlobo ho latela litekanyetso tsa bona tsa "ho lakatsa". Baithuto le bona ba ne ba sa tsebe lithutong tse tlang le tsa boraro (tse hlalositsoeng ka tlase), ba ne ba tla botsoa hore ba ahlole hore na ba fumane ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e loketseng hakae.

Botong ba bobeli, lithuto li ile tsa lekanya hore na ba utloile lintho tse mashome a robeli hakae li le lijo tse phetseng hantle kapa tse sa phetseng hantle (−3 bakeng sa ho se be kotsi haholo ho 3 bakeng sa bophelo bo botle haholo) le setulong sa boraro, hore na ba fumane lijo tse mashome a robeli hakae (−3 for not hohle le monate ho 3 bakeng sa monate haholo). Taolo ea li-block tsena e ne e lumellana le lithuto tsohle, kaha re ne re sa batle ho susumetsa litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle ka tatellano ea taelo. Baithuto ba ile ba tsebisoa hore litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle le tatso li ke ke tsa ama ntho eo ba tla e fumana ho latela likarabo tsa bona ho "desirability" block. Re khethile tekanyo ea lintlha tsa 6 bakeng sa bophelo bo botle le boleng ba tatso ho lumella maikutlo a fapaneng a tatso / pono ea bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa tekanyetso ea "ho se nke lehlakore" e tsamaellanang le −1 le + 1, athe 4-point rate of desirability / preference block e bonts'a feela lijo tse khethiloeng kapa tse sa khethoang. Mosebetsi oohle o nkile metsotso e ka bang 25. Litho li ile tsa botsoa qetellong ea mosebetsi haeba ho na le lintho tsa ho ja tse neng li sa sebetse tse ka 'nang tsa lebisa karabong eo. Lithuto tsohle li tlaleha ho tloaelana le lijo mme lintho tsohle li fuoe litekanyetso bakeng sa li-block tsohle tse tharo ke lithuto tsohle.

Dopamine ka har'a dorsal striatum e bontšitsoe hore e na le setsoalle se matla ho khothalletseng lijo , , . Ho ba le tatso le eona e tsamaisana haholo le takatso ea lijo, hobane batho ba bangata ba rata lijo tseo ba li fumanang li le monate . Hobane ho na le mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng eo u ka e khethang, tatso le lithibelo tsa bophelo bo botle tse ka hlahlojoang, ho felisa lipapiso tse ngata le monyetla oa ho hokahana ka moea, ho latela lingoliloeng tsena, re ile ra hlahloba palo ea lijo tse neng li ikhethile ka mokhoa oo 1 e neng e rata ka 'ona. , e monate ebile e bonoa e "phetse hantle" le 2) e rata, e monate ebile e lemohuoa e "se phetseng hantle". (Lintho tse ratoang pele tse thathamisitsoeng e le 3 kapa 4 ka har'a "desirability" block; dintho tse monate tse lekantsoeng joaloka 2 kapa 3 ka har'a "tastiness" block; lemoha lintho tse "phetseng hantle" tse lekantsoeng e le 2 kapa 3 'me li lemohile lintho tse "seng kotsi" tse lekantsoeng joalo ka as2 kapa −3 mo setsung sa "healthness". Tlhahlobo ea kamora ho hoc e boetse e fuputse tekanyo ea lijo tse nkoang li "phetse hantle" - "tse se nang bophelo", palo ea lintho tse khethiloeng tse "phetseng hantle" tse neng li sa khethoa hantle joalo ka bophelo bo botle (mohlala, lintho tse khethiloeng tseo motho ka mong a li lekantseng li phetse hantle) tlosa ntho e lekantsoeng ka mokhoa oo a ratang ka oona o neng o le phetse hantle ho latela sepheo sa bophelo bo behiloeng. (Mohlala, haeba taba e lekantsoeng "li-crackers" e le lijo tse fumanehang tse nang le phepo e ntle ea 3 (e phetseng hantle haholo) le lintlha tse pakiloeng tsa bophelo bo botle e ne e le 1 (e se nang lehlakore-e phetseng hantle), e ne e ka baloa e le lijo tse hlokoang tse sa pheleng hantle tse neng li sa phele hantle.

Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso

Mehato e mengata e fapaneng e sebelisitsoeng ho leka likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli e ikhethileng e itšetlehileng ka eona: 1) e ratoang, e monate ebile e lemohuoa e phetse hantle le 2) lijo tse ratoang, tse monate le tse nkoang li se na phepo, le mefuta e ikemetseng: litekanyetso tsa PET FMT tse nepahetseng, litekanyetso tsa PET FMT tsa caudate, BMI, lilemo, thobalano, maemo a moruo le moruo, liphetoho life kapa life ho BMI lipakeng tsa PET le liteko tsa boits'oaro le nako e fetileng lipakeng tsa PET le liteko tsa boits'oaro ho SPSS mofuta 19 (IBM, Chicago, Ill., USA), ka kenyelletso ea phapano e ikemetseng ea mofuta o behiloeng ho p <0.05 mme e sa kenyelelitsoe le p> 0.1. Sekhahla se nahanoang sa "bophelo bo botle" -o- "bo sa pheleng hantle" se ne se hokahane haholo le phapanyetso e itšetlehileng ka lintho tse khethiloeng tse "phetseng hantle" tse ratoang (r = 0.685, p <0.003), ka hona, re ne re sa khone ho kenya mofuta ona ka har'a mofuta. Leha ho le joalo, likhokahano tsa Pearson, tse lokisitsoeng bakeng sa lilemo, thobalano le liphetoho life kapa life tsa BMI, li sebelisitsoe ho leka likamano tse otlolohileng lipakeng tsa caudate PET FMT le 1) BMI, 2) e lemohuoa e le "bophelo bo botle" - ho isa "bo sa pheleng" le 3) likhalori ea lintho tse ratoang, tse tsamaisoang ka mofuta oa SPSS 19 (IBM, Chicago, Ill., USA). Re boetse ra lekola kamano lipakeng tsa boleng ba mantlha ba PET FMT dopamine, palo ea lijo tse khethiloeng tse "phetseng hantle" tse sa nkoang li phetse hantle ke lintlha tse baliloeng, le lintho tse khethiloeng tse nkoang li phetse hantle ke lintlha tse baliloeng mohatong- mofuta o bohlale oa khatello ea maikutlo. (Palo ea lijo tse khethiloeng tse "phetseng hantle" tse khethiloeng li sa phethoa e le tse phetseng hantle ka lintlha tse baliloeng, 'me lintho tse ratoang tse lekantsoeng li phetse hantle ke lintlha tse baliloeng li ne li sa tsamaellane haholo (r = 0.354, p = 0.23). Re boetse ra lekoa haeba ho ne ho na le kamano lipakeng tsa phetoho ho BMI le mefuta e itšetlehileng ka eona: litekanyetso tsa PET FMT tsa letsohong le letšehali le le letona, litekanyetso tsa SES, lilemo, thobalano, nako lipakeng tsa ho nahana ka PET le liteko tsa boits'oaro, palo ea lijo tse khethiloeng tse "phetseng hantle" le lijo tse khethiloeng tse "sa pheleng" li sebelisa mohato Lintlha li bonts'oa e le Pearson r-values.

Results

Kamano lipakeng tsa PET FMT dopamine synthesis values ​​le BMI

Pele re ile ra leka hore na kamano ea bohlokoa e teng lipakeng tsa boleng ba caudate PET FMT dopamine synthesis le litekanyo tsa BMI ho batho ka bomong ba 16 (batho ba maemo a tlase ho isa bohareng / ba batenya haholo). Re fumane khokahano e mpe e mpe lipakeng tsa boleng ba poudate PET FMT dopamine synthesis le BMI, e nang le batho ba phahameng ba BMI ba nang le "dopamine syntase" e tlase.Setšoantšo sa 2A: Litšoantšo tse tala tsa PET FMT tsa batho ba phahameng (ka ho le letšehali) le ba tlaase (ka ho le letona) BMI; Setšoantšo sa 2B: caudate ka ho le letona, r = UM0.66, p = 0.014, caudate ea leqeleng: r = −0.22, p = 0.46 (eseng ea bohlokoa (ns)), e laoloang bakeng sa lilemo, thobalano le liphetoho life kapa life ho BMI ho tloha PET FMT dopamine synthesis scan ho ea boits'oaro ba boitšoaro ).

Setšoantšo sa 2  

Dorsal striatal dopamine le BMI.

Kamano pakeng tsa boleng ba PET FMT dopamine synthesis le khetho ea lijo

Lintho tse lekantsoeng lijo tse mashome a robeli tsa li-3 li-block tse arohaneng ho latela pono ea tsona ea 1) takatso, 2) healthness le 3) tastness ea ntho e ngoe le e ngoe ea lijo (bona Setšoantšo sa 1). Hoo e ka bang 50% ea lintho e ne e phetse hantle ebile e se bophelo bo botle, joalo ka ha e hlophisitsoe ke tlhaiso-leseling ea bophelo bo botle (Bona Mekhoa le Lisebelisoa). Dopamine ka har'a dorsal striatum e bontšitsoe hore e na le setsoalle se matla ho khothalletseng lijo , , , ha thepa ea hedonic e le lijo pakeng tsa methapo e meng ea methapo , . Leha ho le joalo, tatso ea tatso e tsamaisana haholo le takatso ea lijo, hobane batho ba bangata ba rata lijo tseo ba li fumanang li le monate . Mona re boetse re fumana hore tatso le tatso li tsamaellana haholo, ka hore lintho tse khethiloeng le tsona li lekantsoe li le monate (r = 0.707, p <0.002).

Ka hona, ho lekola hore na temoho ea bophelo bo botle e ka susumetsa joang ho nka liqeto tse amanang le lijo, re sebelisitse mehato e mengata ea mehato e mengata ho etsa likamano lipakeng tsa phapano e itšetlehileng ka palo ea lijo tse nkoang e le tse ratoang, tse monate le tse nkoang li phetse hantle le mefuta e ikemetseng. ea FMT ka caudate e ka letsohong le letšehali le ka ho le letona, BMI, lilemo, bong, SES, phetoho ho BMI ho tloha nakong ea PET scan ho ea tekong ea boits'oaro le nako e fetileng ho tloha nakong ea PET ho ea tekong ea boits'oaro. Likhakanyo tsa maiketsetso tsa PET FMT dopamine tse nepahetseng li kenya letsoho haholo ho mofuta oa khatello bakeng sa palo ea lintho tse ratoang, tse monate tse nkoang li phetse hantle (Beta: -0.696; t (15) = -3.625, p <0.003, Setšoantšo sa 3), ha mefuta eohle e ikemetseng e ne e sa kenyelelitsoe ho mohlala e le e seng ea bohlokoa (t (15) <1.216, p> 0.246). Hape re lekile khopolo-taba ea hore palo ea lintho tse khethiloeng, tse nkoang li "sa phele hantle" le tsona li tla bonts'a kamano le mefuta ena e ikemetseng, empa ha ho na phapano e ikemetseng e kentsoeng ka har'a mohlala e le ea bohlokoa (F <2.7, p> 0.1). Kahoo, batho ka bomong ba nang le boleng bo tlase ba caulate PET FMT dopamine synthesis ba na le likhetho tse kholo bakeng sa lijo tse nkoang li "phetse hantle" empa li sa nkoe e le "tse sa lokang" lijo.

Setšoantšo sa 3  

Dorsal striatal dopamine le boits'oaro bo amanang le lijo.

Kamano lipakeng tsa PET FMT boleng ba dopamine synthesis le pono ea bophelo bo botle ba lihlahisoa tsa lijo

Re khothalelitse hore kamano lipakeng tsa boleng bo kopanyang ba PET FMT dopamine synthesis le khetho ea lintho tse nahannoeng li "phetse hantle" e ka ba ka lebaka la phapang e fapaneng le pono ea bophelo bo botle ba lihlahisoa tsa lijo. Leha re iqapetse mosebetsi ka tekanyo e hakanyetsoang ea 1∶1 ea lijo tse se nang phepo e nepahetseng, batho ba fapaneng ka bongata ka pono ea bona ea bophelo bo botle ba lintho, ka litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle ho isa linthong tse sa pheleng ho tloha 1.83∶1 ho 0.15∶1. Ka hona, joalo ka tlhahlobo ea kamora ho hoc, re fuputse likamano lipakeng tsa li-dopamine tsa PET FMT tse nepahetseng le karo-karolelano ea lintho tse utloiloeng li "phetse hantle" 'me ra fumana khokahano e mpe ea bohlokoa (r = −0.534, p = 0.04) , ka boleng bo tlase ba PET FMT dopamine synthesis, e lumellanang le linomoro tse kholo tsa lintho tse nkoang li le "phetseng hantle" ha li bapisoa le "tse sa phetseng hantle".

Ka hona re sebelisitse moelelo o hlophisitsoeng o bohlale oa methati ho fuputsa likamano lipakeng tsa caetate tsa PET FMT le ho rata lijo tse nkoang li sa phetse hantle (joalo ka ha ho laetsoe ke lintlha tse baloang, bona mekhoa), Le khetho ea lijo tse phetseng hantle joalo ka ha ho khethiloe ke lintlha tse baliloeng. Re fumane kamano e bohlokoa lipakeng tsa likhakanyo tsa maiketsetso tsa PET FMT dopamine le khetho bakeng sa lijo tse nkoang li phetse hantle empa e se tse nepahetseng (Beta: -0.631, t (15) = -3.043, p <0.01), empa ha ho na kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa PET FMT dopamine ea caudate boleng ba mantlha le khetho bakeng sa lijo tsa 'mankhonthe tse baliloeng hantle (t (15) = -1.54, p> 0.148), e bonts'a khetho ea lijo tse "nkoang li phetse hantle" tse amanang haholo le batho ba tlase ba FMT. Ntle le moo, ho ne ho se na kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa likhakanyo tsa maiketsetso tsa PET FMT dopamine le likhalori tse tloaelehileng tsa lintho tse ratoang (r = 0.288, p> 0.34), e bontšang hore batho ba tlase ba PET FMT dopamine synthesis batho ba ne ba sa fapane le likhalori tsa lijo tse ratoang.

Hape ha rea ​​fumana kamano efe kapa efe lipakeng tsa phetoho ea boleng ba mantlha ba BMI le PET FMT dopamine, SES, lilemo, thobalano, nako lipakeng tsa ho nahana ka PET le liteko tsa boits'oaro, palo ea lijo tse khethiloeng tse "nang le phepo" kapa lijo tse khethiloeng tse "sa pheleng" (p> 0.1).

Nako ea seboka sa liteko, nako e fetileng ho tloha lijong tsa ho qetela, le palo ea likhalori tse jeoeng lijong tsa ho qetela ha ea ka ea amana haholo le mehato efe kapa efe ea boits'oaro (p> 0.13). Litekanyo tsa tlala le botlalo li ne li sa tsamaisane le efe kapa efe ea boits'oaro (p> 0.26).

Puisano

Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso kamanong lipakeng tsa endo native caudate dopamine synthesis, BMI le boitšoaro bo amanang le lijo. Re fumane hore li-dopamine tsa dopamine tse tlase tse lekantsoeng ke PET FMT dopamine synthesis e kopantsoeng le 1) kholo ea BMI le 2) li ratoang haholo bakeng sa lijo tse "nkoang". Re boetse re fumane kamano lipakeng tsa boleng bo tlase ba PET FMT dopamine synthet le boleng bo fetang ba bophelo bo botle ba lisebelisoa tsa lijo, hammoho le khokahano ea bohlokoa le lijo tse hlokoang tse "phetseng hantle" tse neng li hlile li sa phele hantle. Ha rea ​​fumana kamano e bohlokoa lipakeng tsa PET FMT dopamine synthesis le litaba tse tloaelehileng tsa khalori ea lijo tse ratoang.

Patlisiso e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho rata le ho nka lijo tse se nang phepo ho feta ke tse peli tse kenyang letsoho ho matlafatseng boima le BMI e phahameng (Litsi tsa Taolo ea Mafu le Ts'ireletso; http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html). Ho khahlisang, re fumane tse fokolang tsa dorsal striatal dopamine syntlator li kopantsoe le lipalo tse ngata tsa lijo tse ratoang, tse nkoang e le "tse phetseng hantle". Le ha ho kopanya hona ho ke ke ha bolela ho ferekana, ho fumana hona ho supa phapang ea nako ea thoko ho dorsal striatal dopamine synthetic e ka karolo ea bona karohanong ea ho fapana ha lijo bakeng sa lijo. Mona re fana ka maikutlo a hore boleng bo tlase ba PET FMT dopamine synthesis, bo emetse dopamine e tlase, eo ka lebaka la tšusumetso e ntle, e lumellang ho phatloha ho hoholo ha phasic mme mohlomong o fetole karabelo ea lijo lijong. Aka mehla, liphapang tsena tsa dorsal striatal dopamine li ka ama ts'ebetso ea ts'usumetso ea gustatory ho somatosensory cortex, joalo ka ha phuputso e fetileng e bontšitse ts'ebetso e fetotsoeng libakeng ka bobeli tsa dorsal striatal le somotosensory tse nang le tšebeliso ea lijo ho batho ba kotsing ea ho ba motenya. . Dopamine e tlase ea dorsal striatal dopamine e ka boela ea baka likamano pakeng tsa dorsal striatum le dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), joalo ka ha ho khothaletsoa ke lipatlisiso tsa rona tsa morao-rao . Tka hona, re nahana ka mekhoa e amanang le dopamine e amanang le dopamine e ka susumetsa karohano ea pono ea bophelo bo botle ka ho hokahana le ts'ebetso ea somatosensory (ka mantsoe a fetotsoeng maikutlo a tatso) kapa mohlomong le khokahano le DLPFC, e bonts'itsoeng e bapala karolo ea tekolo ea khetho ea pele e neng e khethoa dintho . Monahano oa ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a khoheli o sebelisang (fMRI) o ka hlakisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea mekhoa ea ho fapana ha lijo le khetho ea boleng ba bophelo.

Qalong, re ne re boletse esale pele hore batho ba nang le dorsamine e tlase ea dorsal e tla ba le khetho e kholo ea lijo (ke hore, ba rata lintho tse ngata tse ikhethileng e le "tse phetseng hantle" le "tse sa phetseng hantle"), ha li bapisoa le batho ba nang le dopamine e phahameng ea dorsal. Leha ho le joalo, sepheo se seng sa thuto ea rona e bile hore boleng ba lijo tse matlafatsang (ke hore, maikutlo a eketsehang a bophelo bo botle), empa eseng litaba tsa lijo tse khethiloeng kapa khetho ea lijo tse hlalositsoeng hantle, li ne li amana haholo le lefutso. dorsal striatal dopamine mehato. Ka hona, tlhaloso e le 'ngoe ea liphuputso tsa rona tsa kamano ea bohlokoa le lijo tse nkoang e le tsa "bophelo bo botle" e kanna ea ba hore lijo tse nkoang li "phetse hantle" li lokafatsoa joalo ka ha li ratoa. Hona ho ka ba joalo haholo hobane thuto ea rona e entsoe ka boomo kamora linako tsa lijo ha takatso ea lijo e le tlase. Ka hona, lithuto li ne li e-na le khetho e kholo bakeng sa lijo tse "phetseng hantle" tse nkoang li le holimo le ha li ne li khotsofetse ebile li sa lapa ka nako eo. Liphuputso tsa nako e tlang tse batlisisang kamano lipakeng tsa lefu la tsoalo le tsoalo le khetho ea lijo linaheng tse lapileng le tse sated li tla tiisa khopolo ena.

Ho ka boela ha boleloa hore pono ea bophelo bo botle e hloka ho pepesetsoa le boiphihlelo ka lintho tsa lijo ho fumana boleng ba bophelo bo botle, mme e kanna eaba ke taba ea hore phapang ea mokhoa oa ho ja e susumetse kapa ea fetola lisosa tsa dorsamine tsa dorsamine. Ntle le moo, phapang ea ho tloaelana le lijo e kanna ea hlahisoa ke phapang ea khetho ea lijo kapa lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto li ile tsa tlaleha qetellong ea mosebetsi hore li tloaelane le lintho tsohle tsa lijo (bona mekhoa). Le ha re sa ka ra etsa lipatlisiso ka phapang ea lijo, ka boomo re ile ra hlahlobisisa litaba tse neng li sa je ka nako ea thuto. Ho kenyelletsa moo, lithuto tsohle li ne li le nyane (lilemo tsa 19-30) ntle le nalane ea mathata a ho ja mme ba ikala joalo ka karolelano ea bophelo bo botle. Re boetse re lekotse boemo ba moruo le maemo 'me ha rea ​​ka ra fumana tšusumetso. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le litšusumetso tse ling tsa tikoloho lithahasellong tsa lijo tseo ka ntle ho dopamine li ka hlahlojoang ho ea pele lithutong tse tlang.

Re kholoa hore phapang e poteletseng ea pono ea bophelo bo botle e ka kenya letsoho ho eketseha ha BMI ha nako e ntse e feta, kaha ho tlalehiloe hore keketseho e nyane ea ts'ebeliso ea "caloric" letsatsi le leng le le leng (ebang e nkuoa e le "e phetseng hantle" kapa "e sa phetseng hantle") e tlatsetsa ho matlafatseng boima ba 'mele ka kakaretso . Leha re sa fumane kamano lipakeng tsa BMI le pono ea bophelo bo botle mona, mohlomong ka bongata ba BMI, tekanyetso e phahameng ea bophelo bo botle ba lisebelisoa tsa lijo e ka phatlalatsoa haholoanyane lithutong tse phahameng tsa BMI. Ho haella ha rona ha liphumano tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa BMI le boits'oaro bo amanang le lijo ho kanna ha fana ka maikutlo a hore dopamine ea morao-rao e amana haufi le boits'oaro bo amanang le lijo ho fapana le BMI ka boeona e le phenotype, kaha BMI e susumetsoa ke lintlha tse fapaneng tse rarahaneng mme e kanna ea se ke ea bolela esale pele hantle ya boitshwaro kapa diphetho tsa neuroimaging (bona bakeng sa tlhahlobo). Ha rea ​​ka ra fumana ba bang ba liphihlelo tsa phetoho ea BMI ea nako e fetang pakeng tsa ho fumana PET le liteko tsa boitšoaro, leha phetoho ea BMI bakeng sa lithuto e ne e le nyane mme e sa fapana haholo pakeng tsa lintlha tsa nako. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa nakong e tlang li sebelisang mehato ea PET FMT dopamine synthesis, hammoho le khetho ea lijo le mehato ea pono ea bophelo bo botle, ho baahi ba nang le phallo ea BMI e kholo e tla ba ntho e ntle haholo.

Ho tlatselletsa lithuto tse fetileng tse sebelisang li-ligands tsa PET tse kopanyang li-dopamine receptors, re sebelisitse tekanyo ea bokhoni ba dopamine synthesis mme re bonts'a hore tlhahiso ea dopamine e tlase ho dorsal striatum (ke hore, caudate) e tsamaellana le BMI e phahameng. Leha ho lokela ho hlokomeloa, ka lebaka la sebopeho sa thuto ea rona, re ke ke ra phethela ka nepo lebaka kapa kamano ea sepheo sa litekanyetso tsa mantlha tsa dorsal striatal FMT dopamine e tsamaellanang le BMI e phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, boithuto ba rona bo sebelisitse boima ba 'mele ho ba le batho ba feteletseng / ba nonneng haholo (ke hore, bao eseng ba boitšoaro bo bobe), ka hona litholoana tsa rona li ka fana ka maikutlo a hore mehato e tlase ea dorsal striatal presynaptic dopamine e ka tsamaellana le tekano mabapi le botena. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ka etsahala hore ebe taba ea hore subregulation ea presynaptic dopamine ka hara caudate e etsahetse ka lebaka la BMI e phahameng haholo, kaha ho bontšitsoe hore ho saena ha dopaminergic ho fokotsehile ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e kholo ea lijo mefuteng ea liphoofolo. , , 'me ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ea lijo hangata e amahanngoa le phaello ea boima bo isang BMI e phahameng. Leha re ne re sebelisa batho ba nang le palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea BMI thutong ea rona, mohlomong e nkoang e le meeli ea thuto, ha e le hantle re fumana litholoana le ho feta hobane kamano lipakeng tsa PET FMT dopamine synthet le BMI e teng ntle le ho kenyelletsa batho ba boitšoaro bo bobe haholo. Ho feta moo, leha boholo ba rona ba sampole (n = 16) bo ne bo le boholo ho feta kapa bo ka bapisoa le boholo ba mehlala e meng lithutong tsa PET FMT (, , ), ho pheta liphumano tsa rona ka boholo ba sampole e kholo le palo e pharaletseng ea BMI ho ne ho ka hlahisa sephetho sa rona mme re ka fumana likhetho tse kholo bakeng sa lijo tse se nang phepo tse lumellanang le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa PET FMT dopamine, tse neng li sa fumanoe thutong ea rona.

Ka kakaretso, le ha tsamaiso ea li-neurotransmitter li kenella ho fepa le ho laola boima ba 'mele , boithuto ba rona bo fumana karolo ea dorsal striatal dopamine lithahasellong tsa lijo le pono ea bophelo bo botle ho batho. Lithuto tse lebelletsoeng nakong e tlang tse sebelisang mehato ea PET e amanang le dopamine li khahla haholo ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na dopamine ea morao-rao, hammoho le phapang e amanang le boits'oaro bo amanang le lijo, e ka lumellana joang le ho fetoha ha boima ba 'mele ho batho.

Tlhaloso ea lithuso

Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe ka chelete e ngata ke lithuso tsa NIH DA20600, AG044292 le F32DA276840, le Tanita Healthy Weight Community Fsoci. Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo morerong oa ho ithuta, ho bokella data le ho hlahlobisisa, qeto ea ho phatlalatsa, kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.

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