Lipuo tsa Scientific 5Nomoro ea sengoloa: 10041 (2015)
Doi: 10.1038 / srep10041
MohloloLitholoana tsa litapole tse senang lijo li kenya lijo ka bongata lipapatsong tse fepisitsoeng, tse amanang le ho feto-fetoha ha sistimi ea moputso oa boko le lipotoloho tse ling. Mona, re bonts'a hore ho ja lijo tsa likhoto ka bongata ho bakoa ke karo-karolelano ea mafura / carbohydrate e lekaneng. Joalo ka litapole tsa litapole, motsoako oa isocaloric mafura / carbohydrate o susumetse ts'ebetso eohle ea ts'ebetso ea kelello ea likhoto, e amang lipotoloho tse amanang le mohlala oa moputso / ho lemalla, empa palo ea libaka tse fetotsoeng le boholo ba molumo o ne o le tlase ha o bapisoa le lijo tse senang lijo ka boeona.
Selelekela
Ho fumaneha ha lijo ka bongata ka bongata ho ka lebisa ho hedonic hyperphagia, ho re, ho eketsa matla a mangata, ka lebaka leo, phaello e phahameng ea 'mele ka lebaka la phetoho ea mokhoa oa ho ja lijo1. Ho baka tšebeliso ea lijo ka bongata bo fetang ho ts'oenyeha, ho lokela ho ameha lintlha tse ngata tse eketsang matla a homeostatic le satiety ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho supa ea mokhoa o sa sebetseng oa homeostatic2. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe pejana, tšebeliso ea lipitsa tsa litapole tse bobebe e hlophisa ka matla ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea moputso oa boko ho likhabiso tsa ad libitum tse fepisitsoeng. Ho kenyelletsa moo ho lebisa ts'ebetsong e fapaneng haholo ea libaka tsa boko tse laolang ho ja lijo, ho satiety, ho robala le ho etsa lintho tse ling.3. Boithuto ba boitšoaro bo netefalitse hore ts'ebeliso ea matla le ts'ebetso e amanang le phepelo e phahameng e ile ea phahamisoa ha lichifi tsa litapole li le teng3. Le ha tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ea lijo e rarahane haholo ho feta taolo ea lithethefatsi, litlamorao tse ling tsa methapo ea methapo ea kutlo, mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea bongo, le litlamorao tsa boits'oaro li tšohloa ka phehisano.4,5,6,7. Ho potoloha ha boko ho amehang ho matlafatsoa ke tšebeliso ea lijo ka mora thibelo, empa hape le ka lebaka la lijo tse matlafatsang haholo8,9,10. Ka kakaretso, lijo tse fumanehang habonolo li na le khalori e phahameng le / kapa li na le mafura le / kapa lik'habohaedreite. Ka hona, ho nahanoa hore matla a lijo e ka ba eona ntho ea bohlokoa e bakang phepelo ea lijo ho feta tekano e hlahisang boima bo phahameng mme, qetellong, boteng11,12.
Phuputso ea morao-rao ea boits'oaro e senotse hore mafura le lik'habohaedreite ke tsona lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa bohlokoa tsa limolek'hule tsa lijo tse bobebe13. Ho feta moo, bokaholimo ba matla a li-chip tsa litapole bo boholo (94%) bo khetholloa ke se nang le mafura le lik'habohaedreite. Ka hona, ho ka nahanoa hore mecha ea matla ke eona e tsamaisang hedonic hyperphagia maemong a litapole tsa litapole. Ka lebaka leo, re ile ra etsa liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea boitsoaro ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa ho ja lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata le lik'habohaedreite le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa methapo ea matla a matla a kelello ho fuputsa phetoho ea tšebetso ea boko bohle bo kentsoeng literekeng.
Liphetho le puisano
Bakeng sa liteko tsa ho rata, phofo e tloaelehileng ea chow (STD) e ile ea eketsoa lijong tsa teko e 'ngoe le e' ngoe (1: 1) ho kenyelletsa tšusumetso ea thepa ea psychanoleptic (Setšoantšo sa 1a)13. E ne e kile ea bontšoa pele hore tatellano le nako ea likarolo tsa liteko ha e a susumetsa sephetho13. Qalong, tšebeliso ea lijo tse amanang le beng ka motho e ile ea eketseha ka mafura a ntseng a eketseha, ka hona, matla a lijo tsa liteko tse nang le phepo e ngata ka sebopeho sa mafura a 35% le li-carbohydrate tsa 45%. Likahare tse nang le mafura a mangata, leha ho le joalo, li lebisitse ho fokotseheng hoa lijo (Setšoantšo sa 1a). Hobane mafura a na le matla a phahameng a matla ho feta lik'habohaedreite, liphumano tsena li bonts'a hore se kahare ha se matla feela a khothalletsang lijo ha ho likhakanyo tse sa ameng letho. Ho makatsang ke hore, karolelano ea mafura / lik'habohaedreite karolelano ea lijo tse ntle haholo tsa teko li batla li tšoana hantle le popi ea litapole (Setšoantšo sa 1a). E ntse e lokela ho hlahlojoa haeba sephetho se kaholimo se ka atolosoa ho lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lijo ka tekanyo e tšoanang ea mafura / carbohydrate joalo ka chokolete kapa lijo tse ling tse senang lijo.
Setšoantšo sa 1: (a) Ketsahalo ea lijo tsa liteko tse nang le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa mafura / lik'habohaedreite ho kenya lijo tse eketsehileng nakong ea tlhahlobo ea lijo tsa tlhahlobo ea nako e khutšoane (metsotso ea 10) litekong tse khethoang tse peli.
Phapang ea tšebeliso ea matla ka lijo tsa teko ka ho fapana ha e bapisoa le setifikeiti (mafura a 17.5%, lik'habohaedreite tsa 32.5% le 50% STD) li bonts'oa e le tlatsetso e lekanyelitsoeng ea lijo tse tlisoang ke tlhahlobo ea lijo le liteko tsa lijo (ho bolela ± SD). Ka tlase, sebopeho sa lijo tsa liteko se bonts'itsoe 'me moelelo o ratehang haholo o bapisoa le sebopeho sa lichifi tsa litapole. (b) Ho etsa phepelo ea matla le ts'ebetso e amanang le phepelo e amanang le phepelo nakong ea matsatsi a 7 ea tlhaiso ea lijo ea tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele. Lintho tsena ka bobeli li bonts'oa ka ho its'etleha ha bona lijong tsa tlhahlobo [standard chow (STD) kapa motsoako oa 35% mafura le 65% lik'habohaedreite (FCH)] mohatong oa thupelo (TP) le manganese phase (MnP) nakong ea 12 / Metsotso e 12 ea leseli / lefifi ho feta matsatsi a 7. Lintlha li bonts'a palo ea ± SD ea liphoofolo tse 16 ka masakeng a mane matsatsing a 4 a latellanang. Ntle le moo, lintlha tse tsamaellanang tsa lipalo-palo li thathamisitsoe (** p <7, *** p <0.01, ns = not important).
Haufinyane re bontsitse hore ts'ebeliso ea likhase tsa litapole ho ad libitum e fepa likhoto haholo modulates ts'ebetso eohle ea boko haholo-holo e amang potoloho ea meputso le lits'ebetso tse amanang le ho ja lijo, boroko le ts'ebetso ea locomotor3. Ka hona, thuto e teng hona joale e fuputse phello ea karo ea mafura / lik'habohaedreite tsa lijo tsa tlhahlobo mehloling ena. Bakeng sa morero ona, likhoto tsa ad libitum li ile tsa pepesetsoa lijo tsa teko tse nang le mafura a 35% le li-carbohydrate tsa 65% (FCH) joalo ka mofuta oa isocaloric (565 vs. 535 kcal / 100 g) bakeng sa li-chip tsa litapole. Sehlopha sa taolo se amohetse STD e tsamaeang ka matla. Kamora nako, liphetoho phetohong eohle ea ts'ebetso ea boko nakong ea phepelo e tlalehiloe ke menahano e ntlafalitsoeng ea matla a matla a manganese (MEMRI)14,15 joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe pele3. Ho latela sebopeho sa boithuto se bonts'itsoeng Feiga. 1b, mohato oa boikoetliso (TP) o fanang ka lijo tsa papatso ea tlhahlobo e lateloang ke karolo e mahareng ntle le lijo tsa liteko (matsatsi a supileng ka 'ngoe). Pele ho tekanyo ea MEMRI, motsoako oa manganese chloride o ne o tsamaisoa ke lipompo tsa osmotic ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho hlahisa ts'ebetso e kopaneng ea boko matsatsing a supileng a latelang. Nakong ea karolo ena ea manganese (MnP), likhoto li ne li khutlisitse monyetla oa ho fumana lijo tsa liteko tse seng li ntse li tsebahala. Metsi a tloaelehileng a pellet chow le a pompo a ne a le teng ka lipapatso ho pholletsa le thuto eohle (Feiga. 1b). Sesebelisoa sena sa tlhahlobo se bapisa ho kenella ha matla le mokhoa o mong le o mong oa ts'ebetso ea boko ba lihlopha tsena ka bobeli mme se ile sa fella ka matla a phahameng a matla a matla sehlopheng sa FCH nakong ea TP le MnP ka leseli hammoho le potoloho e lefifi ea letsatsi ha e bapisoa le taolo (Feiga. 1b). Ntle le moo, ho ile ha baloa tšebetso ea locomotor ea likhoto tse le 'ngoe haufi le bahlahisi ba lijo. Ho fapana le lits'oants'o tse ling tsa terene, joalo ka teko e bulehileng ea ho lekanya ts'ebetso le ho tšoenyeha ka ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso e amanang le phepelo e lekantsoeng thupelong ea hona joale, e mpa e bonts'a boits'oaro bo batlang lijo. Ketsahalo e amanang le ho fepa e amanang le ho fepa, leha ho le joalo, e ile ea phahamisoa hanyane feela ha FCH e ne e fumaneha sebakeng sa FD ea phofo nakong ea potoloho e lefifi ea TP (bolela mosebetsi oa locomotor [bala] STD 205 ± 46, FCH 230 ± 41, n = 4, p = 0.0633 ) le MnP (bolela mesebetsi ea locomotor [lipalo] STD 155 ± 24, FCH 164 ± 17, n = 4, p = 0.2123) (Feiga. 1b). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, phihlello ea litapole tsa litapole e lebisitse ho ts'ebetso e kholo haholo e amanang le ho fepa ha e bapisoa le sehlopha se le seng sa taolo ea STD nakong ea potoloho e lefifi3, e neng e le bohlokoa ka bobeli ho TP (ts'ebetso ea moaho oa motlakase [lipalo] STD 205 ± 46, litapole tsa litapole 290 ± 52, n = 4, p <0.001) le MnP (moelelo oa tšebetso ea locomotor [lipalo] STD 155 ± 24, likhase tsa litapole 197 ± 29, n = 4, p = 0.0011). Kahoo, ho ka fihlela qeto ea hore karo-karolelano ea mafura / k'habohaedreite e khetha ho hlaka ha litapole tsa litapole, empa hore boitšoaro ba ho fepa bo boetse bo susumetsoa ke likarolo tse ling tsa lijo tse bobebe. E lula e le likhopolo-taba, leha ho le joalo, haeba liphapang tsena li amana le "ho batla" - le "ho rata" likarolo tsa ho ja lijo16.
Ts'ebetso eohle ea ts'ebetso ea boko ka MEMRI e senotse liphapang tse kholo ts'ebetsong ea libaka tsa boko ka ts'ebetso ea FCH ha e bapisoa le STD (Feiga. 2a, b, Feie. 3moqolo oa pele, Lethathamo 1). Liphetho tsa hona joale li ne li bapisoa le lipatlisiso tsa pejana tsa MEMRI tsa modumo ea sebopeho sa ts'ebetso ea boko nakong ea ho ja li-potato chips vs. STD tlasa maemo a ts'oanang.3. Lintlha tsa pele li thathamisitsoe khorong ea bobeli ea Lifeiga. 2 'me 3. Le ha FCH e ne e na le mafura a tšoanang le mafura / lik'habohaedreite le matla a batlang a lekana a bapisoa le litapole tsa litapole, FCH e ile ea kenya ts'ebetso palo e nyane haholo (33) ea libaka tsa boko haholo ka tsela e fapaneng le STD ho feta litapole tsa litapole (libaka tsa 78, Feie. 2). Liphello li ile tsa fumanoa lihlopheng tse sebetsang tse amanang le moputso le bokhoba ba tsona (Setšoantšo sa 3a, ho ja lijo (Feiga. 3b), robala (Feiga. 3c), le ts'ebetso ea locomotor (Feiga. 3d). Setšoantšo sa 2b e bonts'a setšoantšo se akaretsang sa libaka tsohle tsa boko tse fapaneng ka ho fapanyetsana litlamorao tsa FCH le litapole tsa litapole, ka ho fapana, le tsa STD. Ntle le moo, phetoho e bakileng ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, ho latela, ts'oaetso ea manganese e bonts'ang ts'ebetso ea neuronal, e fapana ka mokhoa o nepahetseng mabapi le tšebeliso ea FCH vs STD ha e bapisoa le litapole tsa litapole vs. STD (Feie. 3, molala oa boraro). Li-nucleus accumbens li nkoa e le sebopeho sa mantlha sa moputso17. Ts'ebeliso ea FCH e lebisitse ts'ebetsong e kholo ea 7.8-fold ho e 'ngoe ea tse' ne tse kenyellelitsoeng, subregion ea mantlha ea hemisphere e setseng. Keketseho ea likhetla tsa khetla le "sub subionion" ea hemisphere e nepahetseng e ne e se ntho ea bohlokoa.Setšoantšo sa 3a). Ho ja litapole tsa litapole tlasa maemo a tšoanang le hona ho lebisitse tšebetsong e phahameng ka ho fetesisa kaholimo-limo oa motheo oa li-nucleus accumbens. Ha ho bapisoa le FCH, leha ho le joalo boemo ba ts'ebetso ts'ebetsong ena bo ne bo phahame habeli. Ha ho fapana le FCH, lisebelisoa tse ling tse tharo li ile tsa kenngwa tšebetsong haholo ha li bapisoa le taolo (Setšoantšo sa 3a). Ka hona, ho ka fihlela qeto ea hore FCH e kenya ts'ebetsong lits'ebetso tsa moputso bokong, empa ka phello e nyane ho feta litapole tsa litapole. Qeto ena e bonts'oa le likarolo tse ling tsa moputso / ts'ebetso ea bokhoba ba ts'ebetso, e ileng ea matlafatsoa haholo ke ts'ebetso ea litapole tsa litapole le FCH, joalo ka moalo oa "stria terminalis" (hemisphere ea letsohong)17,18, subiculum ea dorsal19, kapa prelimbic cortex (hemisphere ea ka letsohong le letšehali)20. Likarolo tse ling tsa boko, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha lia ka tsa angoa haholo ke tšebeliso ea FCH, leha e le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa potoloho ea meputso mme li entsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka mokhoa oa ho ja li-chips tsa litapole, joalo ka sebaka sa ventral pallidum, sebaka sa sepheo sa ventral, kapa le Caudate putamen (Lethathamo 1)3.
Setšoantšo sa 2: (a) Libaka tsa boko tse sebetsang hantle haholo (motsoako oa 35% mafura / 65% carbohydrate (FCH) vs chow chow (STD) le litapole tsa litapole vs. STD3) ke tlhahlobo ea morphometric e thehiloeng ho voxel e behiloeng mohlala bakeng sa likhechana tse tharo tse bonts'itsoeng bokaholimo ba khubung ea rat.
Lintlha tsa bokahohle ba mafura a sehlopha sa lijo / lik'habohaedreite (FCH, kholomo e ka letsohong le letšehali) li tšoantšoa le liphetoho phetohong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e hlahisoang ke lichifi tsa litapole tlasa maemo a ts'oanang (bocha bo tsoang ho Hoch et al a. 20133, kholomo e nepahetseng). (b) Phano ea 3D ea libaka tse fapaneng haholo tsa ts'ebetso tsa boko tse bonts'itsoeng ponong ea axial le sagittal (35% mafura / 65% tlhatlhobo ea lijo tsa motlakase FCH vs. STD, kholomo ea leqele, le litapole tsa litapole vs. STD, kholomo e ka letsohong le letona, e hlahlojoe ho tloha Hoch et al a. 20133). Li-sphere tse khubelu li tšoantšisa libaka tsa boko tse nang le libaka tse tlase, tse khubelu tsa likarolo tse khubelu tse nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng kamora ho ja lijo tse fapaneng tsa liteko tsa FCH kapa litapole tsa litapole3, e ngoe le e ngoe e bapisoa le STD. Boholo ba likhamphani bo bontša maemo a bohlokoa (a manyane: p ≤ 0.05, mahareng: p ≤ 0.01, e kholo: p ≤ 0.001, n = 16).
Setšoantšo sa 3: Libaka tsa boko tse abeloang lihlopha tse sebetsang (a) "moputso le tahi", (b) "ho ja lijo", (c) "ho robala", le (d) "ts'ebetso ea locomotor" ka leano la sagittal la rat boko bo nang le phapang e fapaneng haholo (p <0.05) ea manganese mehahong ea boko ea lib libum e fepehileng likhoto tse nang le phihlello e eketsehileng ho 35% ea mafura / 65% ea lijo tsa tlhahlobo ea k'habohaedreite (FCH, kholomo ea pele) kapa likhase tsa litapole tsa lijo tse bobebe (e hlahlojoang ho tloha Hoch et al a. 20133, khoele ea bobeli).
Li-rectangles tse khubelu li tšoantšetsa libaka tsa boko tse sebelisitsoeng haholo ke li-chips tsa litapole kapa FCH, ka bobeli khahlanong le powdered standard chow (STD), li-rectangles tse putsoa ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boko tse nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng ka lebaka la ho kenella ha phofo ea STD khahlanong le li-chips tsa litapole kapa FCH. Likhutlo tse tharo tse hokahantsoeng le likhutlo tse setseng le / kapa ka ho le letona li supa lefats'e la phapang e kholo. Likhutloana tse se nang likhutlo li emetse likarolo tsa boko bo bohareng. Karolo ea boraro e bonts'a phetoho e fokolang ea lijo tse bobebe le FCH, ka ho latellana, khahlanong le STD (*** p <0.001, ** p <0.01, * p <0.05, n = 16). Motsoako oa Acb: sebaka sa mantlha sa li-nucleus accumbens; Acb shell: sebaka sa khetla sa nucleus accumbens, Arc: arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, BNST: bed nucleus ea stria terminalis, CgCx: cingulate cortex, CPu: caudate putamen (stratium), DS: dorsal subiculum, Gi: gigantocellular nucleus, GPV: ventral pallidum, HyDM: dorsomedial hypothalamus, HyL: lateral hypothalamus, IlCx: infralimbic cortex, InsCx: insular cortex, IP: interpeduncular nucleus, LPBN: lateral parabrachial nucleus, LPGi: lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, LRt: lateral reticular nucleus, MCx1: mantlha , MCx2: motor motor cortex, OrbCx: orbital cortex, PCRt: parvicellular reticular nucleus, PnO: pontine reticular nucleus oral, PrlCx: prelimbic cortex, PTA: pretectal area, PVN: paraventricular thalamic nucleus anterior, Raphe: raphe nucleus, Septum: septum , Sol: pampitšana e le mong, Teg: tegmental nuclei, thMD: mediodorsal thalamic, VS: ventral subiculum, VTA: ventral tegmental area, ZI: zona incerta.
Lethathamo la 1: Z-Scores tsa libaka tse fapaneng tsa boko tse sebetsang ka bongata ha li bapisoa le likhoto tse nang le phihlello ea maemo a tloaelehileng feela kapa motsoako oa mafura le lik'habohaedreite le litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa lipalo-li-n, X =UMNX.
Liphetho tse tšoanang li ka hlahisoa ke ho hlahlojoa ha lipotoloho tsa boko tse amanang le takatso ea lijo. Mohlala, dorsomedial hypothalamus, septum esita le paraventricular thalamic nucleus, e ileng ea kenngoa ts'ebetsong nakong ea ho ja FCH le litapole tsa litapole, e ka hokahana le taolo ea tšebeliso ea lijo21,22. Empa hape, FCH e ile ea hloleha ho fetolela likarolo tse ling tsa liserekisi tse satiety, tse neng li entsoe ka lipompong tsa litapole, tse kang arcuate hypothalamic nucleus kapa seterata se le mong. Ntle le moo, matla a ts'ebetso a ne a le tlase ka FCH ho feta ka litapole tsa litapole, tse neng li bonts'oa, ka mohlala, ke ts'ebetso ea 2.3-fold e phahameng haholo ea ts'ebetso ea matla a pholeicular thalamic anterior (Feiga. 3b). Lintlha tsena li fana ka tlhahiso ea hore FCH e hlophise likarolo tsa boko tse amanang le tšebeliso ea lijo ka mokhoa o fapaneng le STD, e leng tšusumetso e ka hlahisoang ke matla a phahameng a matla ka FCH (Feiga. 1b).
Takatso ea FCH e boetse e lebisitse ho ho fokotsoa ka matla ha likarolo tsa boko tse amanang le boroko. Likarolo tse ling tsa boko li ile tsa fokotsoa ke FCH feela joalo ka incerta (Feiga. 3c), athe libaka tse ling li ne li sa ntlafatsoe feela ke litapole tsa litapole, joalo ka nyooko ea letsoho. Le ha meaho e robeli e amanang le boroko e ne e fetotsoe ke FCH mme e le ngoe le motso o mong ke litapole tsa litapole, phello ea lijo tse peli tsa teko e bonahala e le maemong a tšoanang. Hobane sephetho sena se ne se sa lebelloa, nako ea ho robala ha e lekanyetsoe thutong ea hona joale hore ha e hlake, haeba mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa FCH o kenyellelitsoeng oa lipotoloho tsa boroko o lumellana le modumo oa boitšoaro ba ho robala.
Libaka tsa boko tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea methapo le ho sisinyeha ka kakaretso ha lia ka tsa susumetsoa haholo ke takatso ea FCH ha e bapisoa le STD (Feiga. 3d, kholomo ea pele). Sena se tsamaisana le boits'oaro ba boitšoaro boo FCH e ileng ea bo qobella ts'ebetso e nyane e nyane empa e se phahameng haholo ea lijo e amanang le STD (Feiga. 1b). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ile ha bonts'oa hore ts'ebetso ea likarolo tsa sistimi ea koloi ka har'a likhoto tsa likhoto tse nang le phihlello ea litapole tsa litapole e ne e tsamaea le mosebetsi o phahameng o amanang le phepelo e amanang le phepelo.3.
Ha e hlake hantle hore na mokhoa o bonoang oa ts'ebetso o amana le hedonic hyperphagia. Ha ho bapisoa le lijo tsa lapeng tse fumanehang ka tlung, tse laoloang ke boemo ba matla ba phoofolo, ho ja lijo tsa hedonic ho kopantsoe le moputso o hlahisoang ke lijo tse ling.23. Kaha tšebeliso ea lijo tsa hedonic ha e amane haholo le litlhoko tsa matla, hangata e lebisa ho hyperphagia. Ho hlahisitsoe mehlala e hlalosang li-neural correlates tsa hedonic hyperphagia. Mohlala, Berthoud, o fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ja lijo tsa lapeng ho amana le li-circuits tse nang le leptin tse kenyelletsang boholo ba li-arcuate nucleus le khubu ea seterata se le seng, empa hape li kenyelletsa libaka tse ling tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsa libaka tsa hypothalamic, joalo ka senotlolo sa paraventricular kapa li-nucleus li bokella23,24. Taolo ena ea homeostatic ea ho ja lijo e kanna ea eketsoa ke matšoao a meputso a kang likarolo tsa ho rata le ho batla25. Ho rata lijo ho ne ho amana le ho emisoa ke 'mu-opioid ka har'a nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, parabrachial nucleus le nucleus ea seterata se le seng.24, athe ho batla lijo ho ne ho amana le sisteme ea dopamine sebakeng se potolohileng ka methapo, li-nucleus bokella, cortex ea pele, amygdala le hypothalamus. Kenny o boetse a hatisa tlatsetso ea cortex ea insular, e lokelang ho boloka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le lijo tsa hedonic hape e ka amana le ho lakatsa10. Ho fapana le sebopeho sa ts'ebetso ea boko se kopantsoeng le ho ja lipitsa tsa litapole, ke libaka tse fokolang feela tsa libaka tsena tse amanang le hyperphagia ea hedonic tse hlileng li susumetsoang ke tšebeliso ea FCH. Ka hona, liteko tse eketsehileng tsa boitšoaro li hlokahala ho fuputsa hore na khetho ea FCH e hlile e tsamaisana le hyperphagia.
Ho fihla joale, ha ho hlake hore na likarolo tsa limolek'hule tsa litapole tsa litapole li ikarabella bakeng sa litlamorao tse matla tsa phetoho ea phepo ea lijo tsa tlhahlobo. Kaha sehlahisoa se nang le letsoai, empa se sa anngoeng ntle le kenyelletso ea tatso se sebelisitsoe, letsoai, tatso, le liprotheine tse nyane li bile teng ntle le likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa mafura le lik'habohaedreite. Ntle le moo, liphetoho tsa limolek'hule tse etsahalang nakong ea ts'ebetso li tlameha ho nahanoa. Ho ile ha bontšoa pele hore tatso ea letsoai e kenyelletsa polelo ea Fos ka har'a lisekhe tse bokelloang ke likhoto. Ho ja letsoai ho liphoofolo tse sa felloang ke matla, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha hoa ka ha lebisa ho kengoa ts'ebetsong ha sebopeho sena sa tsamaiso ea moputso26. Ho feta moo, ho tlalehiloe hore tšebeliso ea letsoai ka lijo tse tiileng ho e-na le hoo e bile le phello e khathollang likhotong27. Ka hona, ha ho bonahale eka letsoai e ne e le mochini o ka sehloohong oa tsamaiso ea moputso oa boko litekong tsa hona joale. Teko e entsoeng pele ea likhetho tse peli e kentsoeng pele e se e ka sebeletsa ho tsoela pele ho hlahloba tšusumetso ea likarolo tse ling tsa litapole tsa tatso ea lijo.
Re phethela ka tlhaiso-leseling ea rona ea boits'oaro hore tekanyo ea mafura le lik'habohaedreite, empa eseng matla a felletseng a matla, ke tsona tse hlalosang ka ho hlaka hore ho na le monyetla oa ho ja lijo tse bobebe nakong ea liteko tsa nakoana tse peli tsa khetho ea litoeba. Ntle le moo, ho kenella ha motsoako oa FCH, hoo e batlang e le lisakerete tsa litapole, ho kenyellelitse matla a mangata lipapatsong tsa ad libitum tse fepisitsoeng, tse neng li tsamaisana le ts'ebetso e fapaneng haholo ea likarolo tsa boko tse amanang le moputso, ho ja lijo le boroko. Ho kenella ha litapole tsa litapole tlasa maemo a tšoanang ho lebisitse ho palo e kholo ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso liaparong tsena hape le phetoho e hlakileng e phahameng haholo ha e bapisoa le STD. Kahoo, ho tloha ka mokhoa oa ho nahana, ho ka fihlela qeto ea hore boholo ba matla feela ke qeto e lekanyelitsoeng ea mehloli e metle ea lijo tse senang lijo. Le ha karolelano ea mafura le lik'habohaedreite tsa litapole tsa litapole e bonahala e khahla haholo, ho ka khothaletsoa hore li-limolek'hule tse ling li teng ka har'a lijo tsena tse se nang phepo, tse fetolang tšebetso ea lipotoloho tsa boko, haholo ts'ebetso ea moputso, le ho feta le ho lebisa ho eketseheng ha lijo ho batla boits'oaro.
mekhoa
Melao ea boits'oaro
Boithuto bona bo ile ba etsoa ho latela likeletso tsa Tataiso ea Tlhokomelo le Ts'ebeliso ea Liphoofolo tsa Laboraro tsa Setsi sa Naha sa Bophelo. Protocol e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Litekanyetso tsa Tlhahlobo ea liphoofolo tsa Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (Regierung Mittelfranken, Palo ea tumello: 54-2532.1-28 / 12).
Teko ea ho rata
Liteko tsa preference li ile tsa etsoa joalo ka ha ho ne ho hlalositsoe hararo ka letsatsi nakong ea potoloho ea leseli bakeng sa metsotso ea 10 e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e nang le phetisetso ea 20-36 ka kakaretso ka lijo tsa tlhahlobo khahlano le sebui13. Lenaneo lena la liteko le fana ka lintlha tse lekaneng tsa tlhahlobo ea lijo. Liteko li entsoe ka likhoto tsa 8 tsa banna tsa Wistar (likhomo tsa 2 tse nang le liphoofolo tsa 4 e mong le e mong, 571 ± 41 g, e rekiloeng ho Charles River, Sulzfeld, Jeremane) mme ea hlahisoa hape ka 10 malebe a Sprague Dawley (likhomo tsa 2 tse nang le liphoofolo tsa 5 ka 'ngoe, boima ba 543 ea pele ± 71 g, e rekiloe ho Charles River, Sulzfeld, Jeremane), e neng e koetliselitsoe tlhahlobo. Kahoo, palo ea liphoofolo tse ileng tsa etsa tlhahlobo ka 'ngoe e ne e le 18 mme palo ea likhomo 4 (likhatiso tse' ne tsa tlhaho). Teko e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e phetoa makhetlo a 5-6 le sehlopha ka seng sa liphoofolo. Likhoto tsohle li ne li bolokiloe mochineng oa 12 / 12 h o lefifi / o bobebe. Likhoto li ne li na le phihlello ea li-pellets tse tloaelehileng (Altromin 1324, Lage, Jeremane, 4 g / 100 g mafura (F), 52.5 g / 100 g carbohydrate (CH), 19 g / 100 g protein (P) ho kenyeletsa le ho lekola lijo le ho tlanya lipapatso tsa lipompo tsa metsi ho pholletsa le thuto eohle. Lijo tse lekiloeng tse nang le litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa F (oli ea sonobolomo, e rekiloeng lebenkeleng le leholo la lehae) le CH (maltodextrin, dextrin 15 ho starch ea poone, Fluka, Jeremane), e tsoakiloeng le 50% powdered STD li sebelisitsoe ho bapisa tšebetso e lokelang ho kenyelletsa lijo tse ngata. . STD e nang le metsi e ile ea eketsoa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea ts'ebeliso ea litemana le maikutlo. Joaloka lijo tsa liteko bakeng sa liteko tsohle tsa boitšoaro bo botle, motsoako oa 50% powdered STD, 17.5% F, le 32.5% CH e sebelisitsoe, e nang le sebopeho se ts'oanang sa F / CH joalo ka 50% litapole tsa STD mme e sebelisitsoe joalo ka mofuta. mohlala oa litapole tsa litapole tsa 50% ho STD pele13. Ntle le moo, re lekile lijo tse entsoeng ka 50% powdered STD ka keketso ea motsoako o latelang oa F le CH (% F /% CH): 5 / 45, 10 / 40, 17.5 / 32.5, 25 / 25, 30 / 20, 35 / 15, 40 / 10, 45 / 5, le 50 / 0. Ha ho nahanoa ka sebopeho sa 50% STD, lijo tse hlahisoang li fumanehile ka botlalo (% F /% CH) 20 / 59, lijo tse ling tsa liteko 7 / 71, 12 / 66, 20 / 59, 27 / 51, 32 / 46, 37 / 41, 42 / 36, 47 / 31, le 52 / 26. Likateng tsa likarolo tsohle tse ling tsa STD ea phofo joaloka protheine (9%), fiber (3%), kapa liminerale (molora, 3.5%) li ne li lula li le lijong tsohle tsa liteko.
Karolelano ea matla e itšetlehileng ka lijo tse tlisoang tsa tlhahlobo e ne e baloa ka ho ata ha lijo tse tlatsoang ka bongata le lijo tse nang le matla a fapakaneng. Tlatsetso e lekanyelitsoeng ea lijo tsa teko e le ngoe ho lijo tsa tlhahlobo tse kenngoeng le tlhaiso e ne e baloa ka ho arola palo ea lijo tse tlisoang ke tlhahlobo ka kakaretso ea lijo le tlhahlobo.
Rekoto ea data ea boits'oaro bakeng sa tšebeliso ea matla le tšebetso e amanang le ho fepa
Lintlha tsa boitšoaro li tlalehiloe joalo ka ha li hlalositsoe pele3. Ka bokhutšoanyane, tšebeliso ea lijo tsa teko e ne e lekantsoe letsatsi le leng le le leng mme matla a ho bala a ne a baloa ka ho ata ha bongata ba lijo tse entsoeng ka teko tse nang le matla a teng. Ts'ebetso e amanang le ho fepa e amanang le ho fepa e ne e hlakotsoe ka litšoantšo tsa webcam tse neng li nkuoa metsotsoana e meng le e meng ea 10 ho tloha kaholimo ho cage. Palo e le 'ngoe e hlalositsoe e le "rat e le' ngoe e bonts'a ts'ebetso ea locomotor haufi le phepelo ea lijo". Bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa lipalo-palo tsa baithuti (li-ta-tiles tse peli) li ne li etsoa ho sebelisoa boleng ba bohlokoa (tšebeliso ea matla kapa tšebetso e amanang le phepo) nakong ea matsatsi a 7 (TP kapa MnP) ka koleche (n = 4 cage, with 16 rats in whole sehlopha ka seng).
Rekoto ea sebopeho sa tšebetso ea boko ka MEMRI
Maleke a Male Wistar (boima ba 'ona 261 ± 19 g, e rekiloeng ho Charles River, Sulzfeld, Jeremane) e bolokiloeng moleng oa 12 / 12 h e lefifi / e bobebe e ne e arotsoe ka lihlopha ka bobeli. Lihlopha tsena ka bobeli li ne li na le phihlello ea ho lumelloa ke lipapatso tsa standard pellets (Altromin 1324, Altromin, Lage, Germany) nakong eohle ea thuto.
Sehlopha se le seng (n = 16, boima ba 'mele ba' mele 256 ± 21 g) se amohetse STD (Altromin 1321) le sehlopha se seng (n = 16, boima ba 'mele ba 266 ± 16 g) se fumane motsoako oa 35% F (oli ea soneblomo, e rekiloe lebenkeleng le rekisang thepa ea lehae) le 65% CH (maltodextrin, dextrin 15 ho starch ea poone, Fluka, Taufkirchen, Jeremane) ka ho eketsehileng ho li-pellets tse tloaelehileng. Boithuto ba hona joale bo ne bo tsamaisoa ka tsela e ts'oanang le thuto e phatlalalitsoeng pele ka li-chip tsa litapole3, e le hore sehlopha se tšoanang sa taolo se ka sebelisoa ho lumella papiso e phahameng ea litekanyetso tsa data.
MEMRI (ho 4.7 T Bruker MRI e sebelisang tatellano e ntlafalitsoeng e lekantsoeng e lekantsoeng ea Fourier change (MDEFT)) e sebelisitsoe ho tsebisa ts'ebetso ea boko ka qeto e ntle ea 109 × 109 × 440 μm (bakeng sa lintlha tse ling tsa Hoch et al a. 20133). Hobane kutloisiso ea MEMRI e tlase ha e bapisoa le liteko tsa ho rata, lijo tsa liteko li hlahisitsoe nako e telele. Lirekoto li hloka ho tsepamisa mohopolo o tebileng oa moemeli ea nang le chefo e ka ba chefo, e tlang bokong lihora tse 'maloa feela ka mor'a kopo. Ho qoba litlamorao tse mpe tsa 'mele le boitšoaro ba liphoofolo ka lebaka la ente ea mofuta oa manganese chloride ho litekanyetso tse lekaneng tekanyo ea MEMRI, lipompo tsa osmotic li sebelisitsoe bakeng sa bonolo, empa ho e-na le ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebeliso e sa lekanyetsoang ea manganese. , e bokelletseng libakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea boko nakong eohle ea nako ea tlhahlobo ea lijo ea matsatsi a 728. Moralo oa ho ithuta, ho lokisa lipompo tsa osmotic, litekanyetso tsa litekanyo tsa MRI, ts'ebetso ea data hammoho le ho rekota lijo le lijo tse amanang le phepelo li kile tsa hlalosoa pejana.3. Litekanyetso tsa mantlha tsa bohlooho ba MRI tsa boko bo arotsoeng ka phoofolo li ne li ngolisitsoe ke mochine o sa sebetseng oa ho ngolisa3. Ho ipapisitsoe le li-database tsena tse ngolisitsoeng tlhahlobo ea morphometric e thehiloeng voxel e entsoe mme lipalo tsa lipalo li ile tsa bonoa. Liteko tsa T-based Score based Student li ile tsa etsoa ho bona phapang e kholo ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea boko. Bakeng sa pono ea 3D ea ho ajoa ha likarolo tsa boko tse sebetsang ka mokhoa o fapaneng ka ho fetesisa, re ne re emetse sebopeho se seng le se seng sa boko joalo ka karolo ea matla a khoheli. Lihokela li ne li tsoa ho atlas ea bongo ea 3D ea dijithale. Radius ea sekala se seng le se seng e ne e sebelisetsoa ho khouta bohlokoa ba eona le kh'outu e matla ea shading phapang ea mosebetsi ho STD.
Tlhahisoleseling e 'Ngoe
Tsela ea ho qotsa sehlooho sena: Hoch, T. et al a. Tekanyo ea mafura / carbohydrate empa eseng matla a khoheli a khethang ho ja lijo tse bobebe hape e thusa likarolo tsa moputso oa boko. Sci. Rep. 5, 10041; doi: 10.1038 / srep10041 (2015).
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o
Liteboho
Boithuto ke karolo ea morero oa Neurotrition, o ts'ehetsoang ke Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Mafapha a FAU. Ntle le moo, re leboha Christine Meissner bakeng sa ho bala buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho.
Boitsebiso ba Mongoli
Litšebelisano
1. Yuniti ea Khemistri ea Lijo, Lefapha la K'hemistri le Khemisi, Setsi sa Emil Fischer, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Jeremane
o Tobias Hoch
o & Monika Pischetsrieder
2. Setsi sa Teko le Tleliniki ea Clinical Pharmacology le Toxicology, Setsi sa Emil Fischer, Fryrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Jeremane
o Silke Kreitz
Lena Horne
3. Mochini oa Tsebiso ea Mohlala, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Jeremane
o Simone Gaffling
4. Sekolo sa Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Jeremane
o Simone Gaffling
Menehelo
O tsebisitse le ho hlophisa liteko: THMPAH O entse liteko: THAH A sekaseka datha: THSKSGAH A fetolela ya data TMPAH Contribured reagents / materials / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo: AHMP Ngola pampiri: THMPAH
Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng
Bangoli ha ba phatlalatse lithahasello tsa lichelete.
Mongoli ea tšoanang
Ngollano ho Monika Pischetsryer.
;