Psychol e ka pele. 2016; 7: 61.
E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2016 Feb 2. doi: 10.3389 / fpsyg.2016.00061
PMCID: PMC4735728
Ines Wolz,1,2,† Ines Hilker,1,† Roser Granero,2,3 Susana Jiménez-Murcia,1,2,3 Ashley N. Gearhardt,5 Carlos Dieguez,2,6 Felipe F. Casanueva,2,7 Ana B. Crujeiras,2,7 José M. Menchón,1,3,8 'me Fernando Fernández-Aranda1,2,4,*
inahaneloang
Sepheo: Phuputso e teng hona joale e etselitsoe ho fuputsa hore na bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho ja ba fapana ka litšobotsi tse itseng tsa botho ho latela tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea tšibollo ea lijo (FA) le ho fumana mohlala oa ho bolela bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho ja ba sebelisa maemo a botho le ho se ts'oanelehe.
mekhoa: Bakuli ba makholo a mabeli a mashome a robeli a metso e robeli, ba nang le bothata ba ho ja, ba itlalehang ho FA, ho hloka matla, botho, ho ja le psychopathology ka kakaretso. Bakuli ba ile ba aroloa ka lihlopha tse peli, ho latela sephetho se nepahetseng kapa se fosahetseng ho tlhahlobo ea FA. Ts'ebetso ea phapang e sebelisitsoe ho bapisa mekhoa lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. Bohato ba morao-rao ba ho nka likhato tsa binary bo ile ba sebelisoa ho fumana mohlala oa ho ba teng ha FA.
Results: Bakuli ba nang le FA ba ne ba itaola ho feta tekano, le ho potlaka ho hobe le ho hloka mamello ho feta bakuli ba sa tlaleheng ho lemalla. Monyetla oa FA o ka boleloa esale pele ka ho hloka tšohanyetso ho hoholo, ho itšetleha haholo ka moputso, le ho haella pele ho boitokisetso.
fihlela qeto ena: Bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho ja ba nang le mathata a eketsehileng a ho phehella mesebetsi ho fihlela qetellong le ho tsepamisa maikutlo lipakaneng tsa nako e telele ho bonahala ba ka ba le menyetla ea ho ja haholo.
Selelekela
Ho fihlela joale ha ho na tumellano e hlakileng mabapi le potso haeba FA e le mohopolo o nepahetseng le o hlokahalang, ka ho khetheha sebakeng sa li-ED. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lijo li ithutile ho sebelisoa mehlala ea liphoofolo, ho fana ka bopaki ba hore tšebeliso ea tsoekere - le ho tse ling hape tsa lijo tse phahameng tsa mafura - e ka lebisa mekhoeng ea ho lemalla, e ts'oanang le lintho tse ling tsa tlhekefetso (Teegarden le Bale, 2007; Avena et al., 2008, 2012; Khauta le Avena, 2013). Lijo tse matlafatsang, tse khetholloang ka tsoekere e ngata, mafura le letsoai li ka tlatsetsa ho batho (Gearhardt et al., 2011a; Davis, 2014; Schulte et al., 2015). Ntle le sena, mekhoa ea neuroimaging e hlahisitse leseli holim'a li-neural amanang le FA, hammoho le ho tšoana pakeng tsa ho ts'epahalla lintho tse itseng le boits'oaro bo tšoanang le ba ho ja ho batho ho latela boleng ba moputso le boleng bo khothalletsoang ba susumetso (Gearhardt et al., 2011b; Volkow et al., 2012; Davis et al., 2013; Smith le Robbins, 2013; Imperatori et al., 2014). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ts'ebetso ea ho haha ea FA e bonahala e apareloa ke maikutlo a tloaelehileng a ho ja, a bitsoang, a hlabang, mme ho bonahala a e-na le collinearity ka mokhoa o tebileng oa ho ja ho sa pheleng. Ntle le moo, potso e ngata e botsoang ke hore na thepa e kenelletseng lithahasellong tsa lijo tse itseng (ho itšepa 'mele kapa mokhoa oa ho ja) ka bobeli (boits'oaro ba kelello) li bapala karolo e kholo ho hlalosang lijo tse lemalloang, ka hona ho hlalositsoe poleloana ea "tšebeliso ea ho ja" ho hatisa karolo ea boits'oaetso ba matšoao ana (bona Hebebrand et al., 2014 bakeng sa tlhahlobo). Sena se bonts'a tlhokeho ea lipatlisiso tse ngata mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa kelello tse thehiloeng ho FA.
Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) e hlahisitsoe ho 2009 ka sepheo sa ho sebelisa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebeliso ea thepa ka ts'ebeliso ea bone ea ntlafatso ea Diagnostic le Statistical Manual ea Mathata a kelello (DSM; Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013) ho ho ja boits'oaro (Gearhardt et al., 2009a). Ho tloha nts'etsopele ea sesebelisoa sena sa pele se netefalitsoeng bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro bo lemalloang ho lijo, palo ea likhatiso tse mabapi le FA e bile le kholo e sa khaotseng (Gearhardt et al., 2011a). Ho DSM-5, khaolo ea bokhoba ba joala e se e hlophisitsoe bocha, ho kenyelletsa hona joale eseng mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi, empa hape le bokhoba ba boitshwaro. FA e ka kenyeletsoa sehlopheng sena se secha litlhahlobisong tsa DSM tsa nakong e tlang.
Tlhahlobo ea meta ho kenyelletsa lithuto tsa 23 tse sebelisang YFAS e tlaleha ho ata ha FA ea 19.9% ho disampole tsa batho ba baholo ho tloha ho boima bo tloaelehileng bo phetseng hantle, botenya, ho ea BED, le BN, moo ho fumanoeng tekanyo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho fihla ho 100% (Pursey et al., 2014). Phuputsong e sa tsoa etsoa e sebelisang YFAS ho bakuli ba ED, 72.8% ea sampole e phethahalitse litekanyetso tsa FA ha li bapisoa le 2.4% ea taolo e phetseng hantle, bakuli bao ba ED ba tlalehang FA ba bonts'a ho teba ha boemo ba ED le psychopathology e akaretsangGranero et al., 2014). Haeba bakuli ba ED ba nang le 'nete ba sena' nete 'me ba se na' nete ba fapana ka mekhoa ea mantlha ea kelello, joalo ka botho le litšusumetso, mekhoa e tsepameng ea kalafo e ka ba molemo. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le khaello ea lingoliloeng tse hlalosang bofokoli ba botho bo ka tlas'a FA.
Mohopolo, hore litšobotsi tsa botho bo kenelletseng lits'ebetsong tsa bokhoba le tsona li ka kenya letsoho ho ED, ha se mohopolo o mocha mme o netefalitsoe ke data ea empiric (Davis le Claridge, 1998; Lent le Swencionis, 2012). Bakuli ba ED ba na le monyetla o moholo ho feta taolo e phetseng hantle ea ho sebelisa lintho tse lemalloang joalo ka koae, empa le lithethefatsi tse seng molaong (Krug et al., 2008), e ts'ehetsang maikutlo a "botho bo lemalloang." Leha ho le joalo, ho ka etsahala hore mokhatlo ona o hlalositsoe ke bakuli ba phethisang litekanyetso tsa FA, ho fapana le ho ba tloaelo ho bakuli bohle ba ED. Ho nka hore FA e bapisoa le lithahasello tse ling (litheko le / kapa boitšoaro), ho ka lebelloa hore, kamora ho laola li-subtypes tsa ED, bakuli ba nang le tlhahlobo e ntle ea FA ba tla ba le litšobotsi tse ts'oanang le tsa motho ea ts'oanang le tse sa phethiseng mekhoa ea YFAS bakeng sa FA.
Tlhahlobo ea morao-rao mabapi le mocheso ho ED (Atiye et al., 2015) e bonts'a thibelo e tebileng ea ts'oaetso ho mefuta eohle ea ED ha e bapisoa le taolo, ho batla ho holimo ho bakuli ba BN, ho phehella ho hoholo ho AN, BN le tse ling tse sa hlalosoang ho ja kapa ho fepa mathata (OSFED), 'me ha ho na phapang ea ho ts'epahalla moputso lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa bakuli le taolo. . Ntle le moo, mefuta eohle ea bakuli ba ED e fumanoe e le lintlha tse tlase ho itataisa ho feta taolo e phetseng hantle (Fassino et al., 2004). Ha ho bapisoa, boemo ba motho bo fumanehang ho batho ba nang le mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi le tseo e seng lintho tse amanang le lithethefatsi, e leng bothata ba papali ea chelete, bo bontša lintho tse tšoanang empa hape le phapang: ho batla ho hongata haholo le ho itaola ho tlase ho tlalehiloe ka mokhoa o fetelletseng bakeng sa lithethefatsi tse fapaneng (Le Bon et al., 2004; Pedrero Pérez le Rojo Mota, 2008) le litlatsetso tse sa amaneng le lithethefatsi (Alvarez-Moya et al., 2007), thibelo ea likotsi ka ho fapana e ka fapana ho ea ka ntho e sebelisitsoeng (Schneider et al., 2015) le thobalanong (Clinton et al., 2004; Claes et al., 2012a; Granero et al., 2014). Ha ho bapisoa lits'oants'o tsa boits'oaro (bothateng ba papali ea chelete, ho reka ka mokhoa o qobelloang) ho BN, ho batla ho hongata haholo ho amana haholo le sehlopha sa pele, athe ho itaola ho tlase ho amana le lihlopha ka bobeli mme ho itšetleha ka moputso ha ho amane ka ho hlaka le a mang a lihlopha (Alvarez-Moya et al., 2007; Jiménez-Murcia et al., 2015). Thibelo e kotsi ka kakaretso e phahame lihlopheng ka bobeli tsa bongaka, empa e kanna ea ba mofuta o ikhethileng oa bong, e nang le litekanyetso tse tlase ho banna ho feta ho basali.Alvarez-Moya et al., 2007; Claes et al., 2012a).
Hobane ho susumetsoa ke tšobotsi ea bohlokoa e tloahelehileng bathong le lithahasellong tsa lithethefatsi (Lawrence et al., 2009; Alvarez-Moya et al., 2011; Kaiser et al., 2012; Jiménez-Murcia et al., 2013; Ochoa et al., 2013; Torres et al., 2013; Di Nicola et al., 2015), maemo a phahamisitsoeng a ka boela a amahanngoa le FA. Leha ho le joalo, ho susumetsoa ho phahameng ho boetse ho fumanoe ho bakuli ba ED (Davies et al., 2009; Claes et al., 2012b, 2015), ka hona ho hlokahala litlhaloso tsa hore na correlate ena e amana le ED ka kakaretso, kapa haeba e amana ka kotlolloho le jwaloka joala. Lithutong tse sebelisang mehato e fapaneng ea boits'oaro (UPPS, Barratt Impulsivity Scale) lipalo tsa baithuti, ho susumetsoa haholo ho ne ho amana le lintlha tse phahameng ho YFAS (Davis et al., 2011); ka ho hlaka, ho hloka tšohanyetso, ho hloka mamello (Murphy et al., 2014; Li-Pivarunas le Conner, 2015) le ho susumetsoa ke tlhokomelo (Meule et al., 2012; Raymond le Lovell, 2015), ha motlakase o tsamaeang le ho sa hlophiseheng o ne o amana le FA ho o mong feela (Raymond le Lovell, 2015) tsa lithuto tsena. Mabapi le mesebetsi ea thibelo ea karabo ea boitšoaro, FA e ne e sa amane ka botlalo le ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi (Meule et al., 2012, 2014a). Liphetho tsena li bonts'a hore poleloana e le "ho qobelloa" e boletsoe ka mekhoa e fapaneng le e nang le meelelo e fapaneng, e ka hlalosang litholoana tse fapaneng tsa litlaleho tsa ho itlhahisa ha ho bapisoa le mesebetsi ea boits'oaro e tsamaeang le boitšoaro (Li-Cyders le coskunpinar, 2011; Meule et al., 2014a) mme e bonts'a Tlhaloso e hlakileng ea moaho ona ea hlokahala. Ho tse latelang, ho potlaka ho tla hlalosoa ho latela mohlala oa bohlano ba sebopeho (Cyders et al., 2007) ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse haelloang ke boitokisetso, ho hloka mamello, ho batla maikutlo, ho potlaka le ho potlaka.
Morero oa thuto e teng hona joale e ne e le (1) ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na bakuli ba ED ba fapana ka litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa botho ho latela tlhaiso e ntle ea FA ho latela YFAS; le (2) ho fumana mohlala oa ho bolela bakuli ba 'nete ho bakuli ba ED ba sebelisa methati ea botho le ho ba le mathata. Haholo-holo, ho qala ho tsoa ho lingoliloeng tse mabapi le litšobotsi tse lemalloang tsa botho, ho ile ha nahanoa hore bakuli ba ED ba nang le FA ba tla ba le ho batla ho sa tloaelehang, ho itaola ka tsela e tšoanang, ho itšetleha ka moputso le ho qoba ho senya kotsi (1a), le ho potlaka ho hoholo le ho hloka mamello ho feta ED bakuli ba se nang FA (1b). Morero oa bobeli o ne o bonahala haholo; ka hona, ha rea ka ra etsa li-hypotheses tse ikhethang tseo ho tsona lintho tse fapaneng li ka hlalosang FA hantle.
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
barupeluoa ba
Barupeluoa (n = 278, banna ba 20) ba hapuoe ho tloha ho phetisetso e latellanang ho ea ho Lefapha la ED la Lefapha la Psychiatry la Bellvitge University Hospital nakong e kengoang ho tloha ka la XXUMUMX ho fihlela ka Hlakubele 2013. AN (n = 68) BN (BN)n = 110), BEDI (n = 39), le OSFED (n = 61) bakuli ba ile ba qala ho fumanoa ho ea ka DSM-IV-TR (Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2000) mekhoa ka Puisano ea Tleliniki e hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa mathata a DSM Diserals-I (Pele et al., 1996), e tsamaisoang ke litsebi tsa kelello le litsebi tsa mafu a kelello. Matšoao a DSM-IV a ile a ntlafatsoa hape post hoc ho sebelisa mekhoa ea morao-rao ea DSM-5 ho netefatsa hore na lefu le tšoaetso le bonts'itse mekhoa ea hona joale ea ho hlahloba (Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013). Bona Lethathamo Lethathamo11 bakeng sa litaba tsa boiketlo ba sechaba, bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e eketsehileng mabapi le litšobotsi tsa mohlala bona Litafole tse tlatsetsang S1 'me S2.
Tlhahlobo
Yale ea Tlatsetso ea Tebello ea Lijo ea Yale-Spanish Spanish -YFAS-S (Gearhardt et al., 2009b; Granero et al., 2014)
YFAS e lekanya FA e sebelisa lintho tsa 25 tse abetsoeng sekala se supileng, e bua ka litekanyetso tse supileng tsa tebello ea lintho tse hlalositsoeng ke DSM-IV: (1) mamello, (2) ho tlosoa, (3) ntho e nkuoeng ka bongata / nako ea nako nako ho feta kamoo ho neng ho reriloe, (4) takatso e sa khaotseng / boiteko bo sa atlehang ba ho fokotsa, (5) nako e ngata e sebelisitsoeng ho fumana thepa, (6) mesebetsi ea bohlokoa e fuoeng ho fumana thepa, (7) ts'ebeliso e ntse e tsoela pele ho sa na le mathata a kelello / a mmele (Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2000). YFAS e fetoletsoe ka Sepanishe mme ea netefatsoa ho batho ba baholo ba Spain le ba ED, ka lintlha tse nepahetseng le tse tšepahalang (Granero et al., 2014).
Bakeng sa litlhahlobo tse latelang, re sebelisitse "lintlha tse felletseng tsa FA," tse bonts'ang palo ea lits'ebeletso tse tlatselitsoeng, kapa sephetho se nepahetseng le se bapisoang le tlhahlobo e mpe. Haeba bonyane lintlha tse tharo ho tse supileng li fihletsoe nako ea likhoeli tsa 12 tsa ho qetela mme motho eo a ikutloa a le betere mme / kapa a utloa bohloko ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlalositsoeng, sena se bitsoa "lintlha tse ntle tsa tlhahlobo ea YFAS." YFAS sampole ea rona e ne e le hantle, Cronbach's α = 0.92.
Scale-UPPS e Behang Karabe ea UPPS-PWhiteside le Lynam, 2001; Cyders et al., 2007)
UPPS-P e lekanya likarolo tse hlano tsa boitšoaro bo sa potlakiseng ka ho itlaleha mabapi le lintho tsa 59: ho potlaka le ho hloka ts'ebetso (tloaelo ea ho etsa lintho ka lepotlapotla ha ho qoqoa ka maikutlo a monate kapa khatello ea maikutlo), ho hloka mamello (ho sitoa ho lula u tsepamisitse mohopolo mosebetsing), ho hloka boitokiso (tloaelo ea ho etsa lintho ntle le ho nahana ka litlamorao tsa ketso) le takatso ea maikutlo (tloaelo ea ho batla lipale le liphihlelo tse monate). Phetolelo ea Sepanishe e bonts'a ho ts'epahala (Cronbach's α pakeng tsa 0.79 le 0.93) le bonnete ba ka ntle (Verdejo-García et al., 2010). Ho ts'epahala joalo ka ha ho lekantsoe ke Cronbach's α bakeng sa UPPS-P mohlaleng oa lipatlisiso ho tloha ho tse ntle haholo (ho potlaka ho sa tsotelleng α = 0.83) ho ea ho tse ntle (ho potlaka ha iti = 0.91).
Phetoho ea mocheso oa mocheso le sebopeho-tlhahlobo-Revised-TCI-R (Cloninger, 1994)
TCI-R ke leqephe la lipotso la 240-e itlotsang le lekanyang botho bo ka bokhutšoaane ba 'mele le likarolo tse tharo tsa sebapali. Methapo ea mocheso ke tšireletso e kotsi (e thibelitsoeng, e nang le ts'ebetso vs. e mafolofolo, e tsoang); ho batla ntho e ncha (ho shebana le matšoao a moputso, ho qobelloa ke ho qhekella, ho bonts'a maikutlo); ho its'episa ka moputso (botsoalle, boiketlo ba sechaba sechabeng vs. motho ea thata, ea sa tsotelleng sechabeng) le phehella (mamello, ho rata maemo kapa ho se sebetse, ho ferekanya). Sebopeho se akaretsa ho itataisa (ho ikarabella, ho tataisoa ke sepheo le ho se sireletsehe, ho kenella); tšebelisano-mmoho (e thusang, e matlafatsang vs. e mabifi, e mabifi) le boiphetolo (ho nahanisisa, unconventional vs. ho laola, ho rata lintho tse bonahalang). Potso ea mantlha le Sepanishe sa lipotso tse ntlafalitsoeng li netefalitsoe mme li bonts'a thepa e ntle ea psychometric (Cloninger, 1994; Gutiérrez-Zotes et al., 2004). Phokotso ea kahare bakeng sa TCI-R mohlaleng oa lipatlisiso e tsoa ho tse ntle haholo (ho batla bo-ralitaba ba batla α = 0.80) ho ea ho tse ntle (ho qoba ho senya α = 0.91).
E-na le bothata ba ho ja ba sa jeng litheohelang - 2-EDI-2 (Garner et al., 1983)
EDI-2 ke lipotso tse fanang ka tlaleho ea 91 tse hlahlobang litšobotsi tsa AN le BN ka methapo e kholo bakeng sa ho fokola, bulimia, ho se khotsofale, 'mele, ho se sebetse hantle, ho se tšepe motho ka mong, tlhokomeliso e mabapi le kutloisiso, tšabo ea kholo ea ho hola, ts'ebetso ea melaoana le ts'usumetso ho se sireletsehe sechabeng. Sekala sena se netefalitsoe ho baahi ba Spain (Garner, 1998), ho fumana tumellano ea kahare ea α = 0.63.
Lethathamo la Lets'oao la Matšoao 90-Revised-SCL-90-R (Derogatis, 1994)
SCL-90-R ke lipotso tse ipolelang tse lekanyang khatello ea kelello le psychopathology ka lintho tsa 90. Lintho li tsamaisoa ka matšoao a robong a matšoao: ho ikhetholla, ho qhekella, maikutlo a motho, ho tepella maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho hlonama, ho tšoenyeha ka phobic, maikutlo a paranoid le psychoticism. Kakaretso ea lefats'e (Global Severity Index, GSI), ke index e sebelisoang haholo ea mahlomola a psychopathological. SCL e netefalitsoe sampole ea Sepanishe e fumanang botsitso bo kahare ba α = 0.75 (Derogatis, 2002).
Boitšoaro ba Boitšoaro le Lithahasello tsa Litlhare
Ho becha, kleptomania, ho utsoa le ho reka litšebeliso le tšebeliso e mpe ea joala, tšebeliso ea koae (ho tsuba bonyane letsatsi le letsatsi) le lithethefatsi (tšebeliso ea bophelo ba lithethefatsi tse ling ntle le joala le koae) li ile tsa hlahlojoa tlhahlobong ea bongaka e entsoeng ke litsebi tsa kelello le mafu a kelello ba nang le boiphihlelo tšimong ea boits'oaro bo bobebe.
Tsamaiso
Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke komiti ea boitšoaro ea lehae mme e entsoe ho ea ka Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Kamora hore barupeluoa ba saene tumello e nang le tsebo, ba ile ba hlahlojoa mme ba fumanoa ho ngaka ea ED ea Sepetlele sa Univesithi ea Bellvitge ke litsebi tsa kelello le litsebi tsa mafu a kelello, ba ileng ba etsa lipuisano tse peli tsa sefahleho ka sefahleho. Puisano ea pele e fane ka leseli mabapi le matšoao a hona joale a ED, antecedents le lintlha tse ling tsa psychopathological tsa phaello. Puisano ea bobeli e ne e e-na le tlhahlobo ea psychometrical, le boima (tlhahlobo ea index ea boima ba 'mele le sebopeho sa' mele) le tlhaiso ea ho ja (ka litlaleho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tse phethetsoeng hae ka lijo, lipompong, le ho itlopa lijo).
Tlhahlobo ea Boitsebiso
Litlhahlobo tsa lipalopalo li ile tsa etsoa le SPSS20 bakeng sa lifensetere. Kaha lilemo li fapana haholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha le ED subtype e tsejoa ho susumetsa monyetla oa FA (Granero et al., 2014), lipapatso tsena tse peli li kentsoe e le li-covariate. ANOVA, e fetotsoeng ke lilemo tsa bankakarolo le ED subtype, e sebelisitsoe ho bapisa mekhoa ea TCI-R le lipapatso tse hlano tsa UPPS-P pakeng tsa barupeluoa ba arotsoeng ka lihlopha tse peli tsa FA (lintlha tse ntle le tse mpe tsa tlhahlobo).
Mabapi le ya tlhaiso-leseling, tlhahlobo ea lipalopalo e ile ea etsoa bakeng sa lithuto tse nang le tlhaiso-leseling e felletseng ka sesebelisoa ka seng (mokhoa o bohlale oa bobeli). Palo ea tlhaiso-leseling e ne e le tlase haholo thutong ena: ho ne ho se na lintlha feela tse tsoang lenaneng le le leng la SCL-90R (bakeng sa mokuli a le mong sehlopheng sa YFAS-negative), TCI-R (hape bakeng sa mokuli a le mong sehlopheng se seng se sebetsang sa YFAS) le li-UPPS tse robeli (bakuli ba babeli ba YFAS-negative le bakuli ba tšeletseng ba sehlopha se nepahetseng sa YFAS).
Bohato ba "stepwise" ba ho nka sebaka sa marang-rang bo ile ba sebelisoa ho fumana mokhoa oa ho bonts'a sephetho sa "tlhahlobo e ntle ea YFAS ea tlhahlobo" (lintlha tse fetang tse tharo tse phethiloeng le bohlokoa ba tleliniki), ho nahanoa ka lithibelo tse tharo: karolo ea pele e kenyellelitsoe le ho beha balekane ba bona thobalano, lilemo le subtype ea diagnostic, block ea bobeli e ile ea khetha sekala sa TCI-R ka bo eona ka tšibollo ea bohlokoa ho phapang e ts'epahalitsoeng, 'me block ea boraro ea khetha likala tsa UPPS-P ka tlatsetso e kholo. Bokhoni ba bolebelli ba block e 'ngoe le e' ngoe bo ile ba lekanngoa ka ho eketseha ha sekhahla sa NagelkerkeR2 ho lekana le molemo oa ho lekana oa mohlala oa ho qetela ka tlhahlobo ea Hosmer le Lemeshow (Hosmer et al., 2013). Ka lebaka la lipapiso tse ngata tsa lipalo, Bonferroni-Finner khalemelo e kenyelelitsoe ho qoba keketseho ea liphoso tsa Type-I. Tekanyo ea boholo ba phello ea lipapiso tse nang le moelelo le tekanyo e entsoe ka 95% nako e kenang ea likhakanyo le Cohen's-d coeffanele (boholo bo lekaneng ba phello e ne e nahanoa bakeng sa |d| > 0.50 le boholo ba litlamorao tse phahameng bakeng sa |d| > 0.80).
Results
Mocheso, sebopeho le litšusumetso tse teng ho batho ba nang le mamello ho lijo ntle le tšebeliso ea lijo
Lethathamo Lethathamo22 e bonts'a sephetho sa ANOVA ha se bapisoa le mocheso le sebopeho (TCI-R) le tšusumetso (UPPS-P) litsoantso tse ngata lipakeng tsa bakuli ba nang le lintlha tse ntle tsa tlhahlobo ea YFAS, e fetotsoeng ke lilemo le li-subtype tsa ED. Tlhahlobo e entsoe ka mehato e 'meli. Mohatong oa pele "paramente e ntle ea" YFAS screening lintlha "e entsoeng ke ED-subtype e kenyellelitsoe ho ANOVA ho lekola hore na liphapang pakeng tsa batho ba nang le lintlha tse ntle le tse mpe tsa tlhahlobo ea YFAS li ne li amana le li-subtypes tse fapaneng tsa ED. Kaha nako ena ea tšebelisano e ne e se ea bohlokoa lipalo, e ne e sa kenyelletsoa ka ntle ho mohlala mme litlamorao tsa "lintlha tse ntle tsa YFAS" li ile tsa hakangoa le ho tolokoa. Liphetho li bonts'a bakuli ba ED ba nang le tlhahlobo e ntle ea FA ha ba bapisoa le bakuli ba se nang FA ba na le boits'oaro bo tlase (p <0.01), ha a ntse a batla mokhoa o mocha (p = 0.915)p = 0.08) le ho itšetleha ka moputso (p = 0.56) ha e fapana haholo pakeng tsa lihlopha. Bakeng sa setšoantšo sa boemeli le lipapiso tse tloaelehileng, bona setšoantšo sa tlatsetso S1.
Ho bile le phapang e kholo phokotso ea lithuso tsa lithuso tsa UPPS-P (UPPS-P)p <0.05) le ho potlaka ho fosahetseng (p <0.001), e nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng ho bakuli ba FA ha e bapisoa le bakuli ba se nang "lintlha tse ntle tsa tlhahlobo ea YFAS" (bona Lethathamo Lethathamo22). Ho haelloa ke boitokisetso, ho batla maikutlo le ho potlaka ho nepahetseng ha hoa ka ha fapana joaloka ts'ebetso ea FA.
Bokgoni ba Bofetoheli ba Botho Tlhalosong ea Tlatsetso ea Lijo
Lethathamo Lethathamo33 e kenyelletsa mohlala oa ho qetela oa ho ba teng ha lintlha tse ntle tsa tlhahlobo ea YFAS. Thibelo ea pele, ho kenyelletsa thobalano ea covariates, lilemo, le subtype ea ho hlahloba, e fumane bokhoni ba pele ba ho lekanya bo lekanang le R2 = 0.22. Kopanong ea bobeli, tekanyo ea moputso oa TCI-R le boemo ba ho itaola li ile tsa khethoa 'me tsa ts'oaroa, ka keketseho ea tekanyetso e lekanang le R2 = 0.08, ha mekhoa e meng ea TCI-R e ne e sa hlalose phapang e ngoe. Boemong ba boraro, ho haella ha UPPS-P ea tlhaiso-pele ea maemo le litekanyetso tse mpe tse potlakileng ho kenyellelitsoe, 'me keketseho e ncha ea bokhoni ba ho rera e ne e le R2 = 0.08, ha lingoloa tse ling tsa UPPS-P li sa ka tsa eketsa matla a ho hlalosa a eketsehileng. Moetso oa hoqetela oa hoqetela o fumanehang karolong ea boraro ea mohopolo oa lintho tse bonts'ang, o bontša hore kamora ho ikamahanya le thobalano, lilemo, le ED subtype, menyetla ea "tlaleho e ntle ea YFAS ea tlhahlobo" e eketseha ka lintlha tse phahameng mokhoeng oa ho tšepa moputso le sekala se sebe sa ho potlaka. le lipalo tse tlase tsa tlhokeho ea tekanyo ea boitokisetso pele ho tšohanyetso ho ka bonoa e le moetapele ea matla oa FA. Moetso ona o fihlelletse botle (liteko tsa Hosmer-Lemeshow: p = 0.408).
Puisano
Morero oa rona oa pele e ne e le ho bona hore na bakuli ba ED ba nang le FA ba fapana ka litšobotsi tsa botho ha ba bapisoa le bakuli ba ED ntle le FA, kamora ho laola bakeng sa li-subtypes tsa ED le lilemo. Bokapele ba FA bo holimo ho ED (Gearhardt et al., 2013; Granero et al., 2014; Meule et al., 2014b), mohlaleng oa rona oa sampole 74.8% ea bankakarolo ba fihletse litekanyetso tsa FA. Ba nang le comorbid FA ehlile ba bonts'a boemo bo ikhethileng ba botho, leha e ne e fapane le e neng e lebelletsoe ho tsoa ho lingoliloeng tse mabapi le “litšobotsi tse lemalloang.” FA e ne e sa amane le boleng bo phahameng ba ho batla bocha, empa e le feela ho itaola ho tlase (1a). Mabapi le ho ts'oaroa, ts'ebetso ea hore bakuli ba ED ba nang le FA ba ka ba le ho hloka mamello ho hoholo le ho potlaka ho fokolang ho tšehelitsoe ke data ea rona (1b).
Ho itaola ho tlase ho fumanoe e le tšobotsi e tšoanang bathong ba nang le mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi le tseo e seng lintho tse amanang le lithethefatsi, 'me ho bonahala ho khetholla batho ba hlaselehang habonolo ho hlaolela mekhoa e lemalloang ea boitšoaro (Alvarez-Moya et al., 2007; Schneider et al., 2015). Ho bakuli ba ED, ho itaola ho tlase le hona ke tšobotsi eo motho a bang le eona (Fassino et al., 2002; Cassin le Von Ranson, 2005; Alvarez-Moya et al., 2007), empa ba nang le FA ba bonahala ba tšoailoe haholoanyane ntlheng ena. Ts'ehetso e eketsehileng ea sephetho sa rona e fanoa ke thuto e 'ngoe (Bégin et al., 2012), e ileng ea hlahloba phapang lipakeng tsa basali ba boima bo feteletseng / ba batenya ho feta ba nang le FA mme ba fumana hore basali ba nang le FA ba ne ba ts'oana le basali ba nang le bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ho feta basali ba senang FA, haholoholo mabapi le ho susumetsoa le ho itaola.
Patlisiso e bontšitse hore thibelo ea likotsi e tloaelehile ho li-subtypes tsohle tsa ED mme e phahame haholo ho bakuli ha ho bapisoa le taolo (Cassin le Von Ranson, 2005; Lilenfeld et al., 2006; Atiye et al., 2015). Thutong ea rona, lihlopha ka bobeli tsa ED li ne li e-na le boleng bo fetang litekanyetso tsa baahi ka kakaretso (bona setšoantšo sa tlatsetso S1), empa ha ho setsoalle se bohlokoa se fumanoeng pakeng tsa ntho ena e bohale le sekhahla se phahameng sa FA. Ho ea ka datha ena, ka hona re ka hlakisa hore bakuli ba phahameng ho FA ba bonahala ba na le mathata a ho feta sepheo le ho ikarabella (joalo ka ha ho lekantsoe ho itaola) ha ho bapisoa le bakuli ba ED ba senang FA, empa lihlopha tsena ka bobeli li tšoana le tšitiso ea boitšoaro le sechabeng. le tshabo ya ho se tshepehe (jwaloka e lekantswe ka thibelo e mpe). Boits'oaro bo tlase ho bakuli ba phahameng ho FA e fana ka maikutlo a hore sehlopha sena ha se khone ho sebetsa hantle; hona ho ka ipakela mathata a ho fetola boits'oaro ba 'nete le litlhoko tsa tikoloho le ho lula tumellanong le lipheo tsa motho ka nako e le' ngoe. Bakuli ba ikokobelitseng ho itlhokofatsa ba ka ba ba beha molato le ho se tšepahale, e leng se ka lebisang mathateng a kopaneng le sehlopha sena sa bakuli.
Liphetho tsa thuto ena li boetse li supa hore bakuli ba tlalehang litekanyetso tsa ho ja tse lemalloang ba na le mathata a ho phehella mesebetsi ho fihlela qetellong le ho tsepamisa maikutlo lipakaneng tsa nako e telele, haholoholo ha ba le maemong a hlobaetsang. Sena se bonahatsoa ke ho hloka mamello e kholo le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho potlaka ebile ho tsamaellana le sephetho se tlalehiloeng bakeng sa batho bao e seng baoki (Murphy et al., 2014; Li-Pivarunas le Conner, 2015). Hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela hore bakuli ba FA ba bonts'a ho qhekella ho phahameng ho amanang le taolo ea mpe maikutlo (joalo ka ha a lekantsoe ka ho hloka ts'ohanyetso), empa o se bonts'e boleng bo phahameng ho impulsivity e amanang le litholoana tse ntle tse maikutlo (joalo ka ha a lekantsoe ka ho potlaka ha nako). Maikutlo a fosahetseng a ka supa ho se utloane pakeng tsa litlhoko tsa motho le maemo a hona joale, ao ho leng thata ho a amohela ka batho ba nang le khatello e matla (Cyders le Smith, 2008). Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore bakuli ba nang le FA ba ikutloa ba le khatello e matla ea ho nka khato hang hang ha ba na le maikutlo a fosahetseng ho e-na le ho mamella ho fihlela motsotso o loketseng haholoanyane ho fetoha. Kaha tlhokahalo ka boeona hangata e ke ke ea phethahala hang-hang, ho ts'oaroa ha lijo tse nang le moputso ho ka bonoa e le mokhoa oa ho baleha maikutlo ana a sa mamelleheng ka mekhoa e meng, eo - ho latela ts'ebetso e lebelletsoeng - e kanna ea eba lithethefatsi kapa boitšoaro bo bong.Fischer et al., 2012; Torres et al., 2013). Patlisiso e fetileng e bontša hore FA e amana le mathata a taolo ea maikutlo (Gearhardt et al., 2012; Li-Pivarunas le Conner, 2015), e lumellanang le sephetho liketsong tse susumetsang tse amanang le maemo a mabe a maikutlo.
Ka ho sa lebelloang, bakuli ba ED ba nang le FA ha baa ka ba bontša maemo a phahameng a bocha ba ho batla ha ba bapisoa le bakuli ba ED ba se nang FA. Ka kakaretso, ka hona, ho bonahala eka mokhoa oa ho khotsofatsa takatso (ho batla moputso), o boletsoeng ke ho batla ho haelloang / maikutlo ha o fapane pakeng tsa bakuli ba ED ba nang le boits'oaro bo bobe ba ho ja. Sena se supa hore FA joalo ka ha e hlahlojoa ke YFAS e amana haholo le ho hloka matlafatso, e tsamaellanang le sephetho sa thuto ea pele ho barupeluoa ba tloaelehileng ba boima (Meule le Kübler, 2012). Ho bile le tlhahiso ea hore maikutlo a ho batla a maikutlo a ka amana le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tseo e seng tsa bongaka, ho fapana le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tahiTorres et al., 2013), e neng e tla hlalosa hore na hobaneng bakuli ba nang le FA ba sa bonts'e maemo a phahameng a maikutlo / ho batla bocha.
Mabapi le sepheo sa bobeli sa thuto, boleng bo holimo ho ts'epahalo ea moputso, tšohanyetso e mpe le ho hloka taolo-pele le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa ho itataisa hammoho li hlalositse ka 15% ea phapang ea ho ba le tlhahlobo e ntle ea FA ho feta thobalanong, lilemo , le tlhaiso ea bohlasoa, le ha ho potlaka ho ne ho sa sebetse hantle e ne e le moetapele oa bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa mme a fokotsa matla a ho hakanya a lingoloa tse ling ho fihlela litlamorao tse nyane haholo. Ho fihlela joale, lintlha tse kotsing ea ho utloa bohloko tsa FA li thehiloe ka mehlala e fapaneng, mohlala, baithuti (Murphy et al., 2014; Li-Pivarunas le Conner, 2015), basali ba batenya haholo ba nang le mathata a ho ja ho feta tekano (Bégin et al., 2012) kapa ho bakuli ba ED (Gearhardt et al., 2013; Granero et al., 2014; Meule et al., 2014b), empa ha ho na lipatlisiso tse hlokometseng hore na ke eng e neng e ka ba kholo ea batho ba kotsing ea ho hlahisa FA. Mohlala oa rona oa ho bolela esale pele o fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le tšekamelo e phahameng ea ho sebetsa ka lepotlapotla ho maikutlo a mabe ba hlaseleha habonolo bakeng sa FA mme ba ka rua molemo ka mokhoa o itseng oa ho phekola matšoao a FA.
Ho bohlokoa ho hopola semelo sa thuto ea rona; ka nepo re ke ke ra fihlela qeto ea hore na litšobotsi tsa motho tse fumanoeng li amana le matšoao a FA li tla pele kapa li atlehile matšoao a FA, kapa haeba bobeli ba bona ba na le lebaka le le leng. Ho hlokahala mosebetsi o eketsehileng ho netefatsa likamano lipakeng tsa bolepi ba pele ba FA ho bakuli ba ED. Ntho e 'ngoe e fokotsang thuto ena boholo ba sampole e nyane, haholo bakeng sa bakuli ba banna, ka hona litholoana tsa bong ho FA li lokela ho hlahlojoa lithutong tse tlang ka matla a mohlala a phahameng. Ntle le moo, thuto ea rona e kenyelletsa feela tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea ho itlaleha ea FA, e ka phethoang ka mehato ea ho lakatsa, liteko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le liteko tsa ho ja tsa boits'oaro lithutong tse tlang.
Mabapi le YFAS, bothata bo ka sehloohong ke litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa lefu la bakuli ba AN, ho bonahala e le phetoho. Leha ho le joalo, ha re sheba "lintlha tse felletseng" li phethiloe (bona Lethathamo Lethathamo11), ho bonahala eka bakuli ba AN ba na le palo e nyane ea lintho tse felletseng tse phethisitsoeng ha li bapisoa le BN le BED; hona ho ka bontša karolo e 'ngoe bothata ba mekhoa ea YFAS e felisitsoeng. Ntle le sena, liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore litekanyetso tse phethisoang hangata ho bakuli ba AN ke "mesebetsi ea bohlokoa e fuoeng" (60.3%) le "ba sa khone ho fokotsa / ho emisa" (89.7%) (bona Lethathamo la tlatsetso S3). Tse ling tsa lintho tsa YFAS, joalo ka tse lahlela ho "mesebetsi ea bohlokoa e fuoeng" le "ho senyeha kapa khatello ea maikutlo" li ka sebetsa ho AN ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ho bakuli ba leng bongata bo bongata, ka lebaka leo sehlopha sena sa bakuli le sona se phahame haholo ho tsena. mekhoa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, subscale "e sa khone ho fokotsa kapa ho emisa" e bonahala e sa utloisisehe hantle ke bakuli ba AN, mohlomong ka lebaka la maikutlo a bona a ho ja haholo. Sena se ka sebetsoa litlhahlobisong tse tlang tsa tekanyo ena mme se lokela ho hopoloa ha ho sebelisoa YFAS sehlopheng sena sa bakuli.
Ho kile ha etsoa tlhahiso ea hore FA e ka ba index ea ho teba ha ED (Davis, 2013; Gearhardt et al., 2014). Boitsebiso bo haufi bo fana ka maikutlo a hore bakuli ba ED ba nang le FA ntle le ho bonts'a matšoao a matla haholoanyane ba ka fapana le ba se nang FA ka boleng ba moputso oo ba o lebelletseng ho tsoa ho lijo. Sebakeng sa ho natefeloa ke boleng ba lijo tse matlafatsang, bakuli ba ED ba iphahamisang ho FA haholo ba sebelisa lijo ho laola maikutlo a bona a mabe. Ho ka fetisoa taba ea hore kamano e lipakeng tsa maemo a mabe a maikutlo le takatso ea lijo e tsamaisoa ke litšobotsi le mathata a ho tsepamisa mohopolo lithutong tsa mantlha kapa lipakaneng tsa motho.
Ho ntlafatsa mokhoa o hlalositsoeng oa khatello ea maikutlo le thibelo ea likarabo, koetliso ea maano a ho laola maikutlo joalo ka ho amohela maemo a maikutlo e ka ba thuso (Murakami et al., 2015). Bohlokoa ba ho kopanya mosebetsi ho maikutlo le bokhoni ba taolo ea maikutlo maikutlong a kelello bo finyeletse tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha lilemong tse fetileng (Kahl et al., 2012; Tšepahalang et al., 2015), le mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo bakeng sa bakuli ba ED e se e hlahisitsoe. Mohlala o mong ke Koetliso ea Tsebo ea Kelello le Emotion Skills (CREST), e nang le bongoli bo bokhutšoaane bo sebetsanang le taolo ea maikutlo le temoho (Chelete et al., 2011; Tchanturia et al., 2015), moo bakuli ba ithutang ho khetholla lipakeng tsa maikutlo a fapaneng mme ba rutoa ka ts'ebetso ea puisano ea maikutlo a mabe. Bakuli ba nang le tloaelo ea ho ja-joala joalo ka lithethefatsi ba ka rua molemo ho mofuta ona oa thupelo; seo re se fumaneng thutong ea rona se boetse se fana ka maikutlo a hore ho sebetsa ka boitšoaro bo nang le boleng ho bohlokoa ho bakuli ba nang le FA. Ntle le moo, sehlopha sena sa bakuli se ka rua molemo molemong oa ho ithuta ho mamella maikutlo a mabe ka ho sebelisa maano a mang ntle le ho ja lijo mme ka tsela ena ba ka fokotsa ho its'epaha ha bona ka lijo / ho ja e le hore ba laole maemo a mabe a maikutlo .
Motheo oa kelello oa ho ja-joala joalo ka ha o bapisoa le ED feela, mohlala, bohlokoa bo bonts'itsoeng sebopeho sa 'mele, maikutlo a amanang le lijo, molaoana oa maikutlo, o lokela ho hlahlojoa haholoanyane lithutong tsa kamoso. Ke maemo afe le maemo a maikutlo a lebisang ho jang lijo tse sa laoleheng sehlopheng se seng le se seng le kutloisiso tse tsamaeang le boitšoaro bona li ka fuputsoa lithutong tsa liteko kapa lithutong tsa nakoana tsa tlhahlobo ea tlhaho.
Menehelo ea Mongoli
IW le IH li kentse letsoho moralo oa mosebetsi, ho fumana le ho hlalosetsa lintlha. RG o ne a ikarabella bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo le ho ngola likarolo tsa lipalo tsa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. SJ-M, AG e kentse letsoho ho tsamaisa le ho toloka liteko tsa kelello tsa thuto ena. CD, FC, AC, JM, FF-A e nkile karolo moqomong oa thuto. Bangoli bohle (IW, IH, RG, SJ-M, AG, CD, FC, AC, JM, FF-A) ba kentse letsoho ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi ka mokhoa o hlakileng, a lumella hore sengoloa sa ho qetela se phatlalatsoe mme ba lumela ho ikarabella bakeng sa likarolo tsohle tsa mosebetsi ho netefatsa hore lipotso tse amanang le ho nepahala kapa bots'epehi ba karolo efe kapa efe ea mosebetsi li hlahlojoa ka nepo le ho rarolloa.
Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso
Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ha ho se na kamano efe kapa efe ea khoebo kapa ea lichelete e ka nkuoang e le khohlano e ka bang teng lipapatsong. Mohlahlobuisisi Özgür Albayrak le Moqapi ea tsamaisang Astrid Müller ba phatlalalitse kamano ea bona e kopanetsoeng, 'me Editing e tsamaisang e re tšebetso e ntse e fihlella maemo a tlhahlobo e ntle le e nepahetseng.
khutsufalitsoeng
| AN | anorexia nervosa |
| ANOVA | tlhahlobo ea phapang |
| bethe | ho itlopa joala ho ja |
| BN | bulimia mothosa |
| DSM | Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello |
| ED | bothata ba ho ja |
| FA | lijo tse lemalla lijo |
| OSFED | mathata a mang a boletsoeng kapa a ho ja |
| TCI | boits'oaro bo botle le boits'oaro |
| YFAS | Yale Food Addiction Scale |
Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe
Lithuso. Ts'ehetso ea lichelete e amohetsoe ho tsoa ho Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria -FIS (PI14 / 290) mme e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke FEDER - mokhoa oa ho aha Europe. IW e tšehelitsoe ke tumello ea pele ea AGAUR (2014FI_B 00372). CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) le CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERsam), ke maano a bobeli a INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III. Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo morerong oa ho ithuta, pokello ea lintlha le tlhaiso-leseling, qeto ea ho phatlalatsa, kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.
Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng
The Supplementary Material bakeng sa sehlooho sena se ka fumaneha Inthaneteng ka: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00061
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