Mathata. 2011 Jul; 106 (7): 1214-5; puisano 1219-20. Doi: 10.1111 / j.1360-0443.2011.03373.x.
mohloli o moholo
Lefapha la Psychiatry, Univesithi ea Florida, K'holejeng ea Bongaka, Setsi sa McKnight Brain, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Tlaleha maikutlo ka
Na lijo li ka lemalla? Bophelo bo botle sechabeng le litlamorao tsa melaoana. [Tlatsetso. 2011]
'Tlatsetso ea lijo' e phatlalalitsoe e le sesosa se seng sa lefu la botenya [1-4]. Ena e bile sehlooho se hanyetsanang, 'me ba bangata ba ipotsa hore na ho loketse kapa ho na le mabaka a ho arola lijo, e leng ntho eo kaofela ha rona re hlokang ho e sebelisa e le hore re phele, ka lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso, tseo ka kakaretso li nkoang hammoho le' bathusi ba bang ba tlholeho ' joalo ka thobalano, ho fapana haholo le papali ea chelete, joala le lithethefatsi tse seng molaong. Leha ho le joalo, ho bile le bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha bo tšehetsang mohopolo oa 'ho lemalla lijo'. Lithuto tsa kalafo, ho qala ka laboratoring ea Bart Hoebel Univesithing ea Princeton, li bonts'itse hore likhoto tse jang tharollo ea tsoekere li hlahisa boits'oaro le liphetoho tse ngata bokong tse ts'oanang le litlamorao tsa lithethefatsi tse ling tsa tlhekefetso [5,6], ho kenyeletsoa le ho khaotsa ho tlohang ha naloxone [7], 'me ba bang ba bontšitse liphetho tse tlatselletsang tse fanang ka maikutlo a ho se sebetse hantle ho amanang le ho lemalla likhoto tse jang haholo lijo tse hlabosang [8]. Lithuto tsena li tšehelitsoe ke lipatlisiso tsa bongaka tse bontšang ho ts'oana le litlamorao tsa boima ba 'mele kapa botenya le lithethefatsi tse hlekefelitsoeng litsamaisong tsa boko ba dopamine, hammoho le ponahatso ea boits'oaro bo bonts'ang bokhoba [9-12].
Gearhardt le basebetsi-'moho le eena [13] ba botsa potso e latelang ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsapele kutloisiso ea rona ea 'ho lemalla lijo': haeba ho lemalla lijo ke ntho ea nnete, re lokela ho etsa eng ka hona? Ba sebelisa mehlala ho seo re ithutileng sona boitekong ba ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea koae, bangoli ba bua ka mekhoa e ka ba teng ho fokotsa tšebeliso e matla ea lijo tse "phefumolohang" tse tlatsetsang bothateng. Lipapatso, ho fumaneha, bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le mehato e amanang le litšenyehelo li buisanoa, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ipakile e atlehile ka koae le joala. Haeba mehato ena ea leano e ka fokotsa ts'oaetso ea botena le ts'okelo ea eona ea bophelo bo botle, e ka ba tsa bohlokoa haholo, hobane litlamorao tse mpe tsa botena li atile haholo ho feta tsa koae.
Gearhardt et al. shebana le tlhoko ea lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ho utloisisa litlamorao tse hlahisoang ke likarolo tsa "lijo tse matlafatsang" holima nts'etsopele ea bokhoba ba tahi. Ka sebele, ho bohlokoa hore bafuputsi ba ntlafatse polelo e amanang le thuto ea 'tlatsetso ea lijo'. Ka ho hlakileng, ha se lijo tsohle tse tla ba likhetho tsa bokhoba: Gearhardt et al. ba pheha khang ea hore lijo tse "hyperpalatable" tse nang le mafura, tsoekere le / kapa letsoai, tseo hangata li nang le motsoako oa li-ingredient tse ngata, li ka ba le menyetla e meholo ho feta ea lijo tsa setso tse kang litholoana, meroho le protheine e holang. Re tseba ho tsoa lithutong tsa boitšoaro ba ho fepa hore limatlafatsi tse fapaneng li ka ama li-neuropeptide tse khethehileng tsa boko le li-system tsa neurotransmitter [14,15]. Ho sa le joalo, lithuto tsa pele ho tsa bophelo li fana ka maikutlo a hore tsoekere e ngata ho feta tekano e hlahisa mekhoa e mengata e ts'oanang le ho lemalla ha e bapisoa le mafura a mangata haholo [5]. Ho boetse ho na le phepo e nepahetseng phepong eo lingaka tse ling tsa meriana li nang le eona ho fokotsa ho nona haholo [16,17]. Kahoo, tsebo e eketsehileng ea hore na likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lijo li kenya tšebetsong ts'ebetso ea bokhoba joang e tla ba bohlokoa ho nts'etsapele lipuisano tse reretsoeng batho ba bonts'ang matšoao a 'tlatsetso ea lijo' Ho feta moo, litlhare tsa meriana li ka rereloa ho fokotsa litlamorao tse matlafatsang tsa lijo tse 'matlafatsang', ho fapana le ho lapa kapa ho ja ka bohona. Sena se ka hlahisa paradigm ea kalafo eo ho eona phokotso ea boima ba 'mele e ka itšetlehang ka ho fokotsa matlafatso le ho ikamahanya le lijo tse itseng.
Qetellong, Gearhardt et al. ba nkile mohopolo o phehisanang, empa o le bohlokoa ebile o ntse o hlaha 'me ba o tlisitse ka pele ho rona hore re nahane ka boemo ba lefatše ka bophara. Le ha 'ho lemalla lijo' ho hlile ho sa hlalose botenya bohle, ho bonahala eka thahasello e kholo eo batho ba bangata ba nang le eona ea ho ja, ka mabaka a mang ntle le tšebeliso ea matla, e fana ka maikutlo a hore ha e sa phela feela bakeng sa ho pholoha. Ka palo e ntseng e phahama ea batho ba nang le botenya, ba bangata bao e leng bana, re hloka ho qala ho nahana ka mekhoa e meng ea tloaelo ho loants'a boemo bona bo bolaeang le bo theko e boima. Mohlomong "bokhoba ba lijo" bo tla kenella litlamong tse ling ntle le lithethefatsi, joalo ka ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano le papali ea chelete.
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