Metsoako. 2014 Dec 31;7(1):223-38. doi: 10.3390/nu7010223.
inahaneloang
Khopolo ea bokhoba ba lijo (FA) ke karolo ea bohlokoa e tlatsetsang ho holiseng botenya ho bongata ka kakaretso; leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoehale ka phapang ea li-hormone le tsa ho ja lipakeng tsa botenya le ntle le FA. Ka hona, sepheo sa thuto ea rona e ne e le ho hlahloba li-biomarker tse ka bang teng, ho kenyelletsa lihormone le li-neuropeptide tse fapaneng, tse laolang takatso ea lijo le metabolism, le likarolo tsa phepo tse ka khethollang botenya le ntle le FA. Ho batho ba baholo ba 737 ba hapiloeng ho tsoa bathong ba Newfoundland ka kakaretso, ba lemaletseng lijo le batho bao eseng li-addiction tsa batho ba batenya haholo (FAO, NFO) ba lekanang le lilemo, thobalano, BMI le boikoetliso ba 'mele li ile tsa khethoa. Kakaretso ea li-neuropeptide tsa 58, li-hormone tsa gut, lihormone tsa polypeptide le li-adipokine li ile tsa lekanngoa ka serum e potlakileng. Re fumane hore sehlopha sa FAO se na le maemo a tlase a TSH, TNF-α le amylin, empa maemo a holimo a prolactin, ha a bapisoa le sehlopha sa NFO. Karolelano ea khalori e felletseng (boima ba 'mele ka kilo), ho ja mafura a mangata (ka g / kg boima ba' mele, ka BMI le liperesente tsa mafura a kutu) le lipalo tsa khalori ea liperesente tse tsoang mafura le lik'habohaedreite (g / kg) li ne li phahame kahara sehlopha sa FAO ha se bapisoa le sehlopha sa NFO. Lithuto tsa FAO li jele tsoekere e ngata, liminerale (ho kenyelletsa sodium, potasiamo, calcium le selenium), mafura le likarolo tsa ona (joalo ka saturated, monounsaturated le trans mafura), omega 3 le 6, vithamine D le gamma-tocopherol bapisoa le sehlopha sa NFO. Ho tsebo ea rona, ena ke thuto ea pele e bonts'ang phapang lipakeng tsa lihormone le lijo tse nang le limatlafatsi tse fokolang lipakeng tsa batho ba batenya ba khethiloeng ka ntle le bokhoba ba lijo. Se fumanoeng se fana ka leseli ka har'a mekhoa eo FA e ka kenyang botenya.
1. Selelekela
Ho nona ke boemo bo nang le litšebeliso tse ngata [1] hape e emetse seoa se hlokang tlhokomelo e potlakileng [2]. Canada, batho ba baholo ho feta a le mong ho ba bane ba batenya haholo3], mme profinse ea Newfoundland e na le e 'ngoe ea litheko tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa naheng (kamora Northwest Territories le Nunavut) [3,4]. Ho nona ho bakoa ke lintho tse ngata, ho kenyeletsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, tšebetso ea endocrine, mekhoa ea boitšoaro le litekanyetso tsa tikoloho [5]. Ho tlalehiloe hantle hore ho nena ho feteletseng ha likhalori ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho holiseng botona6]. Phuputsong e fetileng mabapi le baahi ba Newfoundland ka kakaretso, laboratori ea rona e ile ea fumana hore ho tlola tekano ka ho feteletseng, ho hlalosoang e le "ho lemalla lijo" ke Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) [7,8], e baka haholo botena ba motho [9]. Ntle le moo, matšoao a kliniki a ho lemalla lijo a hlalosoang ke YFAS a amana haholo le boteng ba botena [9]. Ho lemalla ho nkoa e le bothata ba kelello bo nang le motheo o hlakileng oa neuro-endocrine; leha ho le joalo, ts'oaetso ea lijo e ntse e sa hlalosoe e le bokuli bo ikemetseng ho Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) V [10,11]. Hoa tšoana le ho lemalla lithethefatsi, bokhoba ba lijo bo lahleheloa ke taolo holim'a tšebeliso ea lijo leha ho bile le litlamorao tse mpe tse amanang le botenya.12,13]. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore ba na le bothata ba ho leka khafetsa ho fokotsa lijo, hape ba sitoa ho ila mefuta e meng ea lijo kapa ho fokotsa tšebeliso [12].
Ho batho, taolo ea phepelo ea lijo e ipapisitse le mokhoa o thata oa ho fana ka maikutlo o laoloang ke tlala le lipontšo tsa satiety [5,14,15]. Matšoao ana a hlahisoa bokong, linama tse poteletseng le / kapa litho ka lits'oants'o tse peli tse tlatselletsang, ho kenyelletsa litsela tsa homeostatic le hedonic [5,15,16,17]. Tsela ea hedonic kapa taelo e thehiloeng moputsong e amana le tsela ea mesolimbic dopamine, e khothalletsoang tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le tšebeliso ea lijo tse matlafatsoang haholo [15]. Bopaki bo bonts'itse hore ho lokolloa ha dopamine ho hokahanya moputso oa lijo, o nang le tšenyo e ngata lithahasellong tsa lijo [15,18]. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tsela ea homeostatic e laola matla a lekanang lipakeng tsa boko le liphaephe (mohlala, tšilo ea lijo le lithaelese tsa adipose) [14,17,19,20]. Sena se bolela hore ho ipapisitse le paballo ea matla le tlhoko ea kelello ea lijo, kelello e eketsa kapa ea fokotseha takatso ea lijo ka ho toloka li-signal tsa neuronal le li-hormone tse amohetseng bofokoli ba sebopeho [15,20,21]. Ka hona, litseleng tsena ka bobeli, palo e kholo ea li-neurotransmitters (dopamine, cannabinoids, opioids, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) le serotonin), neuropeptides (α-MSH, β-endorphin, cortisol, melatonin, neurotensin, orexin A, oxytocin le ntho P, joalo-joalo) le lihormone (lihormone tsa ka mpeng, lihormone tsa boemo bo holimo le li-adipokine) lia ameha, tse ngata tsa tsona li ka bonoang le ho serum [17,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. Ho khahlisang, liphuputso tse ngata li hokahantse lihormone le li-neuropeptide le lefu la hona joale la botena [21,24,31,32]. Ho feta moo, thutong ea rona e boletsoeng pejana mabapi le baahi ba kakaretso ba Newfoundland, re tlalehile hore batho ba lemaletseng lijo ba jere peresente e phahameng ea likhalori tse tsoang mafura le protheine [9]. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela tsebo eohle ea rona, ha ho na thuto e teng mabapi le phapang ea takatso ea taolo ea li-hormone lipakeng tsa ho ba lekhoba la tahi le ntle le ts'ebeliso ea lijo.
Ho feta moo, ho tlalehiloe hore macronutrients e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boteng, boitšoaro bo kang bokhoba le litlamorao tsa metabolic [33,34,35]. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na lipatlisiso tse fumanehang ka sebopeho sa lihormone le liphapang tse ka bang teng lipakeng tsa limatlafatsi tse matla le tse nyane lipakeng tsa ho lemalla joala kapa lijo ntle le tšebeliso ea lijo, tse tla ba bohlokoa ho sibolla hore na bokhoba ba lijo bo qala joang. Kahoo, sepheo sa thuto ea morao-rao ke ho hlahloba li-biomarker tse ka 'nang tsa khetholla ho ba lekhoba la lijo tse ngata ntle le tšebeliso ea lijo ka ho lekanya le ho bapisa lihormone tse fapaneng le li-neuropeptides tse laolang takatso ea lijo le metabolism le litabatabelo tsa phepo ea phepo e nepahetseng lihlopheng tsena ka bobeli.
2. Karolo ea liteko
2.1. Polelo ea Boitšoaro
Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke Lekhotla la Boitlamo ba Litekanyetso tsa Bophelo (HREA), Univesithi ea Sehopotso sa Newfoundland, St. John, Canada, ka Khoutu ea Boitsebiso ea Projeke #10.33 (letsatsi la morao-rao la tumello: 21 Jan 2014). Barupeluoa bohle ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng le e nang le tsebo.
2.2. Mohlala oa ho Ithuta
Phuputso ea ho lemalla lijo e na le lithuto tsa 737 tse hapiloeng ho tsoa ho kakaretso ea Newfoundland le Labrador (NL). Har'a bona, lithuto tsa 36 li ile tsa kopana le litekanyetso tsa ho lemalla lijo ka Yale Food Addiction Scale. Lintho tse nang le index ea boima ba 'mele (BMI) ea 25 kg / m2 kapa ka tlase ba ne ba qheletsoe ka thoko (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO): e kholo ho feta 25 e khetholloa e le boima bo feteletseng;36]). Kamora ho khetholloa, lithuto tsa 29 li ile tsa siuoa hore li hlahlojoe. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lithuto tsa 29 tse se nang lithethefatsi tse feteletseng kapa tse feteletseng (NFO) li ile tsa khethoa tsa ba tsa tsamaisoa ka lilemo, thobalano, BMI le boikoetliso ba 'mele. Lintlha tsohle e ne e le karolo ea palo ea baahi CODING (Maloetse a Rarahaneng ho baahi ba Newfoundland: Tikoloho le Genetics) [37,38] mme ba hiroa ho tsoa profinseng ea Canada ea Newfoundland le Labrador ba sebelisa lipapatso, ba beha lipampiri le molaetsa oa molomo. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa e ne e le: (1) lilemo> lilemo tse 19; (2) ea hlahetseng NL le lelapa le neng le lula NL bonyane meloko e meraro; (3) o phetse hantle ntle le mafu a tebileng a ts'oaetso, pelo le methapo; le (4) ha a ima nakong ea boithuto.
2.3. Mehato ea Anthropometric
Boima ba 'mele le bophahamo li ne li lekantsoe kamora nako ea ho itima lijo ea 12-h. Lintho li ile tsa imeloa ho 0.1 (kg) e haufi le koana ka seaparong se tloaelehileng sa sepetlele ka sethala sa litekanyetso (Health O Meter, Bridgeview, IL, USA). Stadiometer e tsitsitseng e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya bolelele ho 0.1 e haufi (cm). BMI e ne e baloa ka ho arola boima ba barupeluoa ka li-kilometre ke bolelele ba bophahamo ba hae ka mita (kg / m2). Lithuto tsena li ne li thathamisitsoe e le boima bo feteletseng / obese (BMI ≥ 25.00) e thehiloeng ho BMI ho latela melao ea WHO [36].
2.4. Tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa 'mele
Litekanyo tsa sebopeho sa 'mele ho kenyeletsoa boima ba' mele le boima ba 'mele bo ile ba lekanngoa ho sebelisoa matla a mabeli a X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Lunar Prodigy; GE Medical Systems, Madison, WI, USA). Litekanyo li entsoe maemong a supine kamora ho itima lijo tsa 12 h, mme liperesente tse felletseng tsa mafura a mmele (BF%) le mafura a kutu ea boleng (TF%) a ne a khethiloe [37].
2.5. Tlhahlobo ea Tlatsetso ea Lijo
Tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba tahi ea lijo e ne e thehiloe ho YFAS [7,9]. Potso ena e na le lintho tsa 27 tse lekolang mokhoa oa ho ja likhoeling tse fetileng tsa 12. YFAS e fetolela Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV, Text Revision (DSM-IV TR) litekanyetso tsa ts'ebeliso ea thepa mabapi le boitšoaro ba ho ja (ho kenyeletsoa matšoao, joalo ka matšoao a ho amohela, ho ba kotsing ea mesebetsi ea sechaba, mathata a ho fokotsa kapa ho laola tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, joalo-joalo) ka ho sebelisa DSM-IV TR. Sekala se sebelisa mokhoa o kopaneng oa likhetho tsa Likert le likhetho tsa dichotomous. Mekhoa ea ho lemalla lijo e fihlelletsoa ha matšoao a mararo kapa ho feta a le teng likhoeling tse fetileng tsa 12 mme ho senyeha ho tebileng kapa khatello ho teng. Khetho ea likhetho tsa Likert e sebelisetsoa lipalo tsa matšoao a bokhoba ba lijo (mohlala, mamello le ho ikhula), ho tloha ho 0 ho ea ho matšoao a 7 [7,13].
2.5.1. Tlhahlobo ea Liphetoho tsa Lijo
Li-macronutrients (liprotheine, mafura le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata le li-micrutrient tsa 71 nakong ea likhoeli tse fetileng tsa 12 li ile tsa hlahlojoa li sebelisa Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) [39]. Barupeluoa ba bontšitse tšebeliso ea bona e akaretsang ea lenane la lintho tse tloaelehileng tsa lijo, likhoeling tse fetileng tsa 12. Palo ea lijo tse ling le tse ling tse khethiloeng li ne li fetoloa hore e be boleng ba letsatsi le leng le le leng ba ho ja. Tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi le leng le le leng la lijo tse jeoang e ile ea kenngoa ho NutriBase Clinical Nutrition Manager (software ea 9.0; CyberSoftInc, Phoenix, AZ, USA), le tšebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea li-macro- le manyolo a manyane a manyane li ne li hlahisoa [9,40,41].
2.5.2. Serum Metabolism e Laola Hormone le Tekanyo ea Neuropeptides
Khokahano ea lihormone le li-neuropeptides tse akaretsang tsa 34 li lekantsoe ke matla a amanang le matla a bead a thehiloeng ka matla a sefahleho a sebelisa sisteme ea MAGPIX (Millipore, Austin, TX, USA) kapa a sebelisa enzyme-e kopantsoeng immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (ALISEI QS, Radim, Italy) (Ho sebelisa serum ea ho itima lijo hoseng). Li-hormone tsa Gut (amylin (kakaretso), ghrelin (mafolofolo), leptin, tsoekere e akaretsang e tšoanang le peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), pancreatic peptide YY (PYY), e hokahanyang peptide. (C-peptide) le glucagon), lihormone tsa "pituitary polypeptide" (prolactin, li-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hormone ea adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), hormone ea follicle-activation (LF), luteinizing hormone (LH) , hormone ea ho hola (GH) le lihomone tsa qoqotho tse susumetsang qoqiso ea hau (TB)), li-adipokines (adiponectin, lipocalin 2, resistin, adipsin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) le TNF-α) le li-neuropeptides (alpha-melanocyte-susumetsang) hormone (α-MSH), β-endorphin, cortisol, melatonin, neurotensin, orexin A, oxetocin, ntho ea P, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) le pouide e amanang le Agouti (AgRP) e ne e lekantsoe ka makhetlo a mabeli. matla a maholo a sefahleho a nang le matla a sefahleho a nang le matla a sefahleho a nang le matla a sefahleho a nang le matla a sefahleho. Sistimi e ne e lekantsoe pele ho ts'ebeliso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka tekanyetso ea tlhahlobo ea MAGPIX, 'me ts'ebetso e netefalitsoe ka lisebelisoa tsa netefatso ea ts'ebetso ea MAGPIX. Software ea Milliplex Analyst e sebelisitsoe bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea data. Ntle le moo, khatello ea ho itima lijo ea neuropeptide Y (NPY) e lekantsoe le mokhoa oa ELISA (Millipore Corporation Pharmaceuticals, Billerica, MA, USA). Mefuta eohle e lekantsoeng ea li-hormone le neuropeptide e ne e le kaholimo ho kutlo ea methapo. Ntle le moo, ho ne ho se na / tšebelisano e ke keng ea lekanngoa lipakeng tsa li-antibodies tsa mohlahlobi le tlhahlobo efe kapa efe ea lipalo tse ling.
2.5.3. Serum Lipids, Glucose le Tekanyo ea Insulin
Likhakanyo tsa k'holeseterole ea serum ka kakaretso, cholesterol e phahameng, density lipoprotein (HDL) le glucose li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Synchron reagents ka mohlahlobi oa Lx20 (Beckman Coulter Inc., Fremont, CA, USA). K'holeseterole ea low-density lipoprotein (LDL) e ile ea baloa ka tse latelang: cholesterol-HDL-TG / 2.2 e senang palo kaofela. Serum insulin e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea immunoassay (Immulite; DPC, Los Angeles, CA, USA). Ntle le moo, boemo ba insulin ea insulin bo ile ba lekanyetsoa ho sebelisoa mohlahlobi oa immunoassay (Immulite; DPC, Los Angeles, CA, USA) [42,43].
2.5.4. Tlhahlobo ea Ketsahalo ea 'Mele le Li-covariate tse ling
Potso ea Baecke ea ho ikoetlisa e sebelisitsoe ho lekola ho ikoetlisa. Potso ena e lekola ts'ebetso ea 'mele e sebelisa matšoao a mararo, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi, papali le boikhathollo. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba tlatsa liforomo ho hlahloba nalane ea bongaka, palo ea batho (bong, lilemo le lelapa), boemo ba bokuli, tšebeliso ea koae le tšebeliso ea meriana [44,45].
2.6. Tlhahlobo ea Statistical
Litlhahlobo tsohle tsa lipalo li ile tsa phethoa ho sebelisoa SPSS, mofuta oa 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Lintlha li hlahisoa e le mokhoa oa "deviations" oa mehleng. Baithuti tHo ile ha sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea liteko tsa morao-rao ho fuputsa phapang lipakeng tsa mefutafuta e lekantsoeng lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba joala ba joala le jo bo sa jeng lijo. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo eohle, liteko tsa lipalo li ne li le mahlakore a mabeli mme boemo ba alpha bo behiloe ho 0.05.
3. Liphetho
3.1. Litšobotsi tsa 'Mele le Palo e potlakileng ea Serum Lipids, Glucose le Insulin
Demographic, li-serum lipids tse potlakileng, boemo ba glucose le insulin le litšoaneleho tsa mmele tsa barupeluoa li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo 1 (papatso e thehiloe ho BMI). Ha ho na phapang e kholo bakeng sa liphapang tse boletsoeng pejana lipakeng tsa sehlopha sa batho ba lemalloang haholo ke botenya / ba batenya (FAO) le lihlopha tsa NFO.
3.2. Papiso ea Metabolism e Laolang Li-Hormones le Neuropeptides ho FAO le NFO
Tekanyo ea lihormone tsa Serum e ne e bapisoa le phapanyetsano ea lijo tse tlisoang ke ho lemalla lijo tse ngata haholo kapa tse batenya le tse seng lijong.Lethathamo 2). Sehlopha sa FAO se ne se na le boemo bo tlase haholo ba amylin, TNF-α le TSH le boemo bo phahameng ba prolactin, ha bo bapisoa le sehlopha sa NFO (p <0.05).
3.3. Papiso ea li-Macronutrients le li-Micronutrients li-pakeng tsa FAO le Lihlopha tsa NFO
Kakaretso ea likhalase tsa "khalori" le "macronutrients" tse jeoang tse hlahisitsoeng ka gram e felletseng le gram e le ngoe ka boima ba 'mele, BMI,% BF le% TF li bonts'itsoe Lethathamo 3. Karolelano ea khalori ka karolelano ea boima ba 'mele e ne e phahame haholo sehlopheng sa FAO. Tekanyo ea ho kenella ha lik'habohaedreite ka kilo e le 'ngoe ea boima ba' mele, mafura a jeoang (ka kilo ea boima ba 'mele, ka BMI, liperesente tsa mafura a trunk) le lipalo tsa khalori ea mafura li ne li phahame haholo bokhobeng bo lemaletseng lijo ha bo bapisoa le lijo tse se nang lijo. lithuto tse lemalloang haholop <0.05).
Ntle le moo, litheko tse bobebe tsa micronutrient tse hlahisitsoeng e le gram ka boima ba 'mele ka kilo li ne li bapisoa pakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli (Lethathamo 4). Ka kakaretso, FAO e jele tsoekere e ngata haholo ea lijo, liminerale, ho kenyelletsa sodium, potasiamo, calcium le selenium, mafura, a mafura a mangata, mafura a trans, monounsaturated, omega 3, omega 6, vithamine D le gamma-tocopherol ho feta NFO sehlopha.
4. Puisano
Ka kakaretso, lintlha tsa endocrine li na le karolo ea bohlokoa joaloka takatso ea taolo ea li-signature. Palo e kholo ea lihomone e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fepa melaoaneng [15,16,17,24]. Ho hlobaela ho itseng maikutlong a lihomo tse boletsoeng kaholimo ho ka baka ho nona haholo, ka hona, ho ba le botenya [16,24]. Ho khahlisang, ho tšoana ho teng ha liphetoho tsa lihormone ho fumanoe lipakeng tsa botena le bokhoba ba tahi ea lithethefatsi [10,18]. Ho latela etiology, botenya ke lefu le rarahaneng mme le ka bakoa ke mabaka a mangata a liphatsa tsa lefutso le tikoloho. Joalokaha re boletse pejana, ho lemalla lijo e ka ba ntho ea bohlokoa e lebisang bothateng ba lefu le ikhethang la etiology [9]. Ho latela tsebo eohle ea rona, thuto ena ke ea pele ea ho leka ho paka mohopolo oa hore botenya bo nang le ts'ebeliso e hlakileng ea lijo bo ka bonts'a mokhoa o ikhethang oa ho ja le litloaelo tsa li-hormone.
Ho fumanoa ha pele thutong ea morao-rao e ne e le boemo bo tlase ba serum ba TSH le boemo bo phahameng ba prolactin ho litheko tsa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata ha li bapisoa le batho ba lemaletseng joala ba sa jeng lijo. Lithuto tse 'maloa tse thehiloeng ho baahi li bontšitse mokhatlo oa bohlokoa oa BMI o nang le maemo a TSH le prolactin [46,47,48,49,50]. Liphumano tse tsoang liphuputsong tsa rona tsa morao-rao li bonts'a hore ho hlonama ho kopaneng ha TSH le prolactin e kanna ea eba tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea li-hormone ho boteng le bothateng ba lijo ho fapana le bothateng bo akaretsang. Lintlha tse tsoang liphuputsong tse 'maloa li bontšitse hore boemo ba serum TSH e ka ba letšoao la joala, opium le ho itšepa ha koae le ho ts'oara [51,52,53]. Kamano e mpe e mpe lipakeng tsa boemo ba TSH le takatso ea joala e tlalehiloe lithutong tse itšetlehileng ka joala [51], mme boemo bo tlase haholo ba TSH bo fumanoe ho basebelisi ba opium ha bo bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle [54]. Ho nkuoa mmoho le seo re se fumaneng hona joale, boemo bo tlase ba ho potoloha ha TMA ha bo amane feela le joala, opium le ts'ebeliso ea koae, empa hape le ts'ebeliso ea tahi ea lijo. Motsoalle oa bohlokoa oa prolactin ho batho ba lemaletseng lijo tse nang le botenya le lintlha tse tsoang lithutong tse ling tsa bokhoba ba tahi, heroin le bokhoba ba koae bo nang le "prolactin" e phahameng [51,55,56,57,58] e fana ka maikutlo a matla a ho nka karolo ha potolohileng ea prolactin le ts'oaetso ea lijo, joalo joalo.
Phello e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa thutong ea morao-rao ke boemo bo tlase ba serum TNF-α sehlopheng sa batho ba lemaletseng lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata ha se bapisoa le sehlopha sa batho ba lemaletseng joala ba se nang lijo. Boemo ba TNF-α hangata bo phahame ho batho ba batenya ho bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle [59]. TNF-α e tsejoa e le anorexigenic cytokine, e fokotsang takatso ea lijo. Ho nahanoa hore liketso tse senyehileng tsa TNF-α li ka lebisa ho feteletseng [32]. Ho ile ha tlalehoa hore maemo a ho potoloha ha TNF-α a fetotsoe ho lino tse tahang, ba sebelisang koae le koae le lithethefatsi tsa opiate. Ntle le moo, ho khothalelitsoe hore TNF-α e ka ba tlhahlobo e ntle ea tlhahlobo ea litlhare bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso [60,61,62,63,64,65]. Ka sebopeho sa phoofolo, TNF-α e hlahlobiloe e le sepheo sa kalafo se ka ba teng ho thibela tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le ho eketsa monyetla oa ho khaotsa. [61]. Liphumano tsa hajoale tsa mokhatlo oa batho ba tlase ba TNF-α le ts'ibollo ea lijo li monate haholo ebile li ikhethile. Ho na le monyetla o mongata oa lipontšo tsa litlolo tsa lijo tse batenya ho fapana le palo e eketsehang ea TNF-α ho batho ba batenya.
Thutong ea hona joale, re boetse re lekantsoe li-serum neuropeptides tse laelang takatso ea lijo. Li-neuropeptides li entsoe ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ebile li bolokiloe tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng; leha ho le joalo, maemo a li-neuropeptide tse ling a ka bonoa tsamaisong ea potoloho ea potoloho [22,23,25,26,27,28,29,30]. Litla-morao tsa maemo a neuropeptide le tsona li fumanoe ho batho ba nang le lithethefatsi tse ling le botenya [66,67,68,69,70]; leha ho le joalo, thutong ena, ha ho phapang e kholo boemong ba li-neuropeptide tse lekantsoeng tse fumanoeng lipakeng tsa liithuti tse lemaletseng joala le tse seng lijong.
Phello ea boraro ea bohlokoa thutong ea morao-rao e ne e le boemo bo tlase ba serum amylin ho batho ba lemaletseng lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata ha ba bapisoa le batho ba lemaletseng joala ba senang lijo. Hona ho bonahala e le tlaleho ea pele mabapi le khokahano ea amylin le tšebeliso ea joala kapa mefuta efe kapa efe ea litlolo. Ha ho hlaka sethaleng sena haeba boemo bona bo tlase ba li-amylin tse potileng e le pontšo ea boemo ba bokhoba ba lijo kapa feela e le phetoho ea bobeli ka lebaka la lintlha tse ling. Phuputsong e sa hlophisitsoeng ea crossover ho baimana ba phetseng hantle ba 10 ba jang lijo tse le 'ngoe tse phahameng ho carbohydrate kapa mafura, ho bontšitsoe hore amylin e anngoe ke lipina tsa macronutrient tsa lijo, kaha boemo ba amylin bo ne bo le kholo kamora lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata ho bapisoa le mafura a mangata. lijo [71]. Thutong ena, ho ja mafura a mangata haholo ho ne ho le teng bathong ba litheko tsa lijo tse batenya, tse ka bang le boikarabello bo itseng ba serum amylin e tlase.
Thutong ea rona e fetileng, re fumane hore batho bohle ba lemaletseng lijo, ho sa tsotelehe boemo ba botenya, ba ja liperesente tse ngata tsa likhalori tse tsoang mafura [9]; litholoana tse tšoanang li ile tsa boela tsa fumanoa ka setsing sa batho ba lemaletseng lijo tse tahiloeng. Ho ja mafura a mangata haholo ho ile ha tšehetsoa ke ho fumana hore batho ba lemaletseng lijo tse ngata haholo ba ja lik'hilojule tse fetang kilofo e le 'ngoe ea boima ba' mele, lik'habohaedreite tse boima ba kilo le boima ba 'mele bakeng sa boima ba' mele ka kilogram e le 'ngoe (le BMI le liperesente tse) mafura a kutu). Ka lekhetlo la pele, re boetse re ithutile liphapang tse ka bang teng lipakeng tsa li-micronutrients tsa 71 lipakeng tsa li-addiction tse seng lijong le tse seng lijong. Tumellanong le seo re se fumaneng nakong e fetileng, re fumane hore batho ba lemaletseng lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata ba ja mafura a mangata haholo: ba tšerellelitsoe, ba monosaturated, ba nang le poly-saturated le mafura, omega 3 le 6, vithamine D, gamma tocopherol le dihydrophylloquinone (mohloli o ka sehloohong khoebong. Lijo tse bobebe tse lomositsoeng le lijo tse halikiloeng [72]) bapisoa le batho ba lemaletseng joala haholo bao eseng lijo. Ntle le moo, batho ba lemaletseng joala ka bongata haholo ba ja sodium le tsoekere haholo. Ka hona, ha ho kopantsoe hammoho, data e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba lemaletseng lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata ba ka ja lijo tse matlafatsang tse tsebahalang hore li na le mafura a mangata, tsoekere le letsoai (sodium).
Phuputsong e teng hona joale, YFAS le Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) li ile tsa sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea tšebeliso ea tahi ea lijo le ho lekanya phepelo ea limatlafatsi likhoeling tse fetileng tsa 12. Litekanyetso tsena le litekanyetso tseo ba thehiloeng ho tsona li netefalitsoe bathong ba fapaneng [7,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76]. YFAS ke sesebelisoa feela se fumanehang bakeng sa ho fumana ts'oaetso ea lithethefatsi tsa lijo. Ho sebelisa mokhoa ona ho ka thusa ho khetholla lihlooho tse tloaetseng ho ja lijo tse matlafatsang tse tsoang ho ba lahlehetsoeng ke taolo ea boits'oaro ba bona ba ho ja [7,9]. Leha ho le joalo, kaha lipotso tse boletsoeng ka holimo li tlaleha, ho na le tšekamelo ea ho ikarabella.
Ho hloka ho bontšoa hore tšenyo ea lijo ke lefu le rarahaneng, 'me ho ameha lintlha tse ngata ho etiology. Maemo a kelello, a joalo ka matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo, a ka bakang ho fokotseha ha TSH, prolactin le TNF-α, ha a ka a hlahlojoa thutong ea hona joale [77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84]. Phuputso e amanang le ena e bontšitse hore ho bakuli ba lemaletseng joala, ho bontšitsoe hore li-axoth tsa "hypothalamic-pituitary" li ka ba le bokhoni ba ho lebisa ho tšoenyeheng kapa ho sithabela maikutlo, ho ka amang boemo ba TSH [51].
Thutong ea hona joale, mofuta o sebetsang oa ghrelin o ile oa lekanngoa. Leha ho le joalo, inhibitor e ikhethileng ha ea ka ea eketsoa nakong ea pokello ea mohlala, ka hona, e ke ke ea qheleloa ka thoko hore karolo ea ghrelin e kanna ea senyeha. Kaha lisampole tsohle ka mor'a ho ts'oaroa mali li kentsoe hang ka leqeng nakong eohle ea liteko tsohle, re lumela hore litšila tsohle li ka ba fokolang, hobane li-enzyme tse silafatsang ghrelin li ke ke tsa ba le ts'ebetso e ngata mochesong ona o batang oa lehloa.
Khalemelo bakeng sa papiso e ngata ha e e-so etsoe, kaha thuto ena ke boithuto ba bo-pula-maliboho 'me mealo e mengata e ne e lekantsoe. Ho feta moo, boholo ba sampole bo nyane haholo ka lihlopha tsena ka bobeli. Leha ho le joalo, e mong le e mong oa bona o ne a tšoere hantle lihlopheng ka bobeli bakeng sa bong, lilemo, BMI le boemo ba boikoetliso ba 'mele, bo neng bo tla fokotsa heterogeneity ea lihlooho le ho eketsa matla a lipalo ho bona phapang e teng liphoofolong tse ngata lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. Leha ho le joalo, mekhatlo e meholo ea batho ba fapaneng e lokela ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa tseo re li fumaneng.
5. Liphello
Ho ea ka tsebo ea rona, ena ke thuto ea pele e fumaneng liphapang tse fapaneng likarolong tse ngata, ho kenyeletsa le litekanyetso tsa li-hormone le takatso ea phepo e nepahetseng, lipakeng tsa batho ba lemaletseng lijo tse ngata haholo le batho ba lemaletseng joala ka tsela e feteletseng. Liphumano li fana ka bopaki ba bohlokoa ba ho khothaletsa kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea mochini oa ho lemalla lijo le karolo ea ona ho holiseng botenya.
lumela hore baa fokola
Re leboha haholo menehelo ea baithaopi bohle ba nkang karolo. Re boetse re lakatsa ho leboha Hong Wei Zhang le ba sebetsang le rona lipatlisisong. Boithuto bona bo tšehelitsoe ke chelete ea ts'ebetso ea Canada ea Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) le Canada Foundation bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Innovation (CFI) ho ea ho Sun.
Menehelo ea Mongoli
Pardis Pedram ke mongoli oa pele: ho hokahanya pokello ea data, ho lekanya maemo a lihormone, ho sekaseka tlhaiso-leseling le ho toloka sephetho, hammoho le ho hlophisoa ha sengoloa. Guang Sun o ne a e-na le boikarabello bo akaretsang ba saense morerong oa ho ithuta, tlhaiso-leseling ea data le tlhahlobo ea libuka.
Likhohlano tsa Thahasello
Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa thahasello.
References
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