Ho Fumana Monehelo oa Chelete ho Batho ba Nang le Bokooa ba Ntle le ba se Nang Tharollo ea ho ja Lijo (2013)

. Sengoloa se ngotsoeng; e fumaneha ho PMC 2014 May 1.

E hatisitsoe ka mokhoa o qetelle o hlophisitsoeng e le:

PMCID: PMC3686098

NIHMSID: NIHMS466498

inahaneloang

Background

Mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho etsa liphuputso tsa botenya o kenyelletsa ho tseba hore na manala a tlisoang ke lefutso ke eng e sa sebetseng ho batho ba batenya.

mekhoa

Batho ba batenya ba batenya ba leshome le metso e robong ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa bothata ba ho ja ka tsela e sa tloaelehang (BED) ba ile ba bapisoa le 19 bao e seng batho ba batona (OB) le lithuto tsa taolo ea 19 ha ba ntse ba etsa mosebetsi oa moputso / tahlehelo e tsamaisang likarolo tsa ho lebella le tsa sephetho nakong ea ts'ebetso ea matla a khoheli. monahano. Ho fapana ho ts'ebetsong ea tikoloho ho ile ha etsoa lipatlisiso ka lihlopha tsa BED, OB, le LC nakong ea tebello ea moputso / tahlehelo, tebello le tsebiso.

Results

E amanang le sehlopha sa LC, sehlopha sa OB se bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea "cortex" ea "ventral" ea "stralatal" le "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "". " Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sehlopha sa BED se amanang le sehlopha sa OB se bonts'itse mosebetsi o fokolang oa mekhatlo ea lefatše nakong ea tefo ea moputso / tahlehelo. Ha ho na phapang e ileng ea bonoa pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa BED le LC ho ventral striatum.

Nahanisisa

Heterogeneity e teng har'a batho ba batenya haholo mabapi le neural amanang le moputso / tahlehelo ea tahlehelo. Phapang e fapaneng ea lihlopha tse arohanang le botenya e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho kenella ka makhetlo a mangata ho ka ba bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng maano a thibelo le kalafo bakeng sa botenya.

Keywords: Ho itlopa joala ka lebaka la ho ja, fMRI, botenya bo ka pele, bohloka, ho tepella, moputso, ho kenella ka hare

Lisebelisoa tsa meputso ea Neural-ka tsamaiso ea tsona ea takatso ea lijo, boima ba 'mele le karabelo ea kalafo-li hlahisitsoe ke botenya (-). Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa batho ba batenya haholo li bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea khatello ea methapo ea kutlo le hyporesponsivity ha li arabela khalemelo ea lijo (-). Liphumano tsena tse neng li bonahala li sa lumellane li ka amana le maemo a mantlha ho batho ba batenya haholo (). Ho nona ho amana le mefuta e fapaneng ea boitsoaro bo bobe ba ho ja. Mohlala, lihlopha tse nang le botenya le bothata ba ho ja ka tsela e sa tloaelehang (BED) li fapana le tse nang le botenya bo amanang le botenya ka mefuta e mengata ea boits'oaro le ea kelello (). Khang ea hajoale e teng mabapi le tšebeliso ea "bokhoba ba lijo" litloaelong tsa ho ja; leha bafuputsi ba bang ba pheha khang ea ho hloka bopaki (), ba bang ba nahana hore moaho o shebahala o sebetsa haholo ho lihlopha tse batenya haholo, joalo ka BED (,).

Sephetho se shebahalang se sa lumellane se ka boela sa bonts'a liphoso tsa maemo a amanang ka botlalo le ts'ebetso ea sephetho (). Tebello ea moputso e hokahane le ts'ebetso ea ventral striatal (VS), athe ts'ebetso ea "cortex" ea pele ea kalafo e amana le tsebiso ea moputso kapa karolo ea sephetho sa ts'ebetso ea moputso (-). Lithuto tsa cue-cue tse etsang karohano e lebelletseng-e nyelisang li tlaleha karabelo e kholo ho VS, mpa ea bohareng, amygdala, le thalamus e amanang le likarolo tsa phepelo ea moputso ho batho ba phetseng hantle (,). Ts'ebeliso e ntle ea lijo e amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e kholo ho orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) le ho kenella ka mokhoa o hlakileng, le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng e bonoang ho batho ba batenya haholo (,,). Bophelong ba botenya, phapang e lebelletsoeng-e kopantseng e bohlokoa haholo, hobane ts'ebeliso ea matla e bonahala e susumetsoa ke ho saena ho lebelletseng ho e-na le tšebeliso ea 'nete ea lijo (). Ho lebella tebello ea moputso oa lijo ho hlahisoa e le sesosa sa ho ja ho feta batho ba batenya haholo (,).

Ho fihla joale, lithuto tsa neuroimaging tse khethollang ts'ebetso ea ho lebella / ea phepelo ho baahi ba nang le lijo tse sa sebetseng li fana ka liphetho tse thata. Oseese, o amanang le lean, batho ka bomong ba bonts'a tšebetso e eketsehang kaharepo ea mafu a bohlasoa le bohlasoa bo ka bonyenyane (IFG) nakong ea tebello ea lijo (). Leha ho le joalo, ho bulimia amanosa, bokuli bo khetholloang ke ho ja ho feta tekano, tebello ea lijo e amahanngoa le ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea pele le ho hloka ts'ebetso, ho amanang le batho ba sa jeng lijo tse sa jeng.). Ts'ebetso ea Striatal e amahanngoa le mesebetsi ea ho lokisa moputso (-,,), 'me likarabo tse fetotsoeng tsa striatal li amahanngoa le botenya le boima ba' mele; leha ho le joalo, leha lithuto tse ling li bonts'a mosebetsi o fokotsehileng ka mor'a ho ja lijo tse matlafatsang ho batho ba batenya, ba bang ba tlaleha ho arabela ka mokhoa o makatsang (,,,).

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lingoliloeng tse lemalloang li kenyelletsa liphumano tse shebahalang li sa thabise mabapi le ts'ebetso ea moputso, leha e le ho khetholla likarolo tsa tebello / tse kopanyang. Mohlala, ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea striatal e tlalehiloe ho itšetleha ka koae nakong ea ts'ebetso e lebelletsoeng (), athe likarabo tsa VS tse lebelletsoeng li hlokometsoe ka ts'ebeliso ea joala () le papali ea chelete (). Liphapang tsena li ka amana le mathata a itseng, ho nahanisisa ka mokhoa oa ho ithuta / oa ho hlahloba, boemo ba ho batla kalafo, kapa litlatsetso tsa VS; phapang e eketsehileng e ka amana le mefuta ea li-reinforcers (mohlala, tšebelisano-leseling / tse sa amaneng).

Leha lithuto tse ngata tsa morao-rao li hlahloba mekhoa ea moputso e amanang le paradigms ea cue ea lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata, ho na le tlhokahalo ea lipatlisiso mabapi le ts'ebetso ea meputso e seng lijo bakeng sa botenya.,). Ho utloisisa ts'ebetso ea moputso ka kakaretso ho botenya ho bohlokoa, hobane liphetoho tse tsamaellanang le moputso li ka bonts'a likotsi tsa ho ja tse se nang phepo. Phuputso ea morao-rao e sebelisitse matla a ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a matla a kelello (fMRI) ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea moputso oa chelete nakong ea tebello le ho fumana moputso / tahlehelo ho batho ba batenya ka ntle le BED le sehlopha se setle (LC). Boloetse ba ho ja bo fapana haholo le mefuta e meng ea botena le mathata a ho ja ho boits'oaro bo bongata ba 'mele, setšoantšo sa kelello, kelello le mafu a kelello (,,). Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale, ke liphuputso tse peli feela tse ntlafalitsoeng tse ileng tsa hlahloba likarolo tsa bophelo ba boitšoaro bona bo amanang le maemo ana a mang a feteletseng. Phapang ea pele ho barupeluoa ba BED ba boima ba 'mele e amanang le lihlopha tse boima haholo le tse se nang BED ka likarabo tsa cortex ea ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) litabeng tsa lijo (). Haufinyane, re hlokometse phapang ea ts'ebetso ea boko lipakeng tsa batho ba batenya ho feta ba nang le BED nakong ea ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello, sehlopha sa BED se bonts'a ts'ebetso e fokolang ea IFG, vmPFC, le insula ().

Ho etsa lipatlisiso tse ling hape ka ho fapana ha batho ba batenya le ba se nang BED, re sebelisitse mosebetsi o potlakisang tšebeliso ea chelete (MIDT) ho hlahloba moputso / tahlehelo ea tahlehelo (,,,,). Re ile ra nahana hore sehlopha sa BED se tla bontsa ho fokotseha ho arabela VS ka mekhahlelo e lebelletsoeng, athe sehlopha sa OB se tla bonts'a ts'ebetso ea VS e nyane le sehlopha sa LC. Re fetisitse maikutlo a hore, e lumellana le lithuto tsa fMRI ka bulimia (), nakong ea karolo ea sephetho sehlopha sa BED se tla bonts'a vmPFC, insula, thalamus, le ts'ebetso ea IFG e amanang le lihlopha tseo e seng tsa BED. Ho tšoana ho lihlopheng tsa BED le OB ho ile ha hlahlojoa, ho fanoa ka ho tšoana ho teng lipakeng tsa batho ba batenya mokhoeng oa neano oa ts'ebetso ea moputso.

Mekhoa le Lisebelisoa

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa ba kenyellelitse batho ba baholo ba 57 ba lilemo tsa 19-64 (ho bolela lilemo: 38.9, mosali oa 34), moo 64.9% (n = 37) e khethiloe e le Caucasian, 29.0% (n = 17) e khetholloa e le American American, 5.3% (n = 3) e khethiloe e le Native American, le 1.8% (n = 1) e khethiloe e le American American; 5.3% (n = 3) ba itsebahatse e le Hispanic, le 94.7% (n = 54) e tsejoa e se Letona-Spain. Tlhahisoleseling ea demographic e ho Lethathamo 1 le Tlatsetso ea 1. Age e ne e kenyellelitsoe joalo ka bo-ralitaba litlhahlobisong tsohle tsa sehlopha, ho fuoa liphapang tsa sehlopha ka lilemo le taolo bakeng sa litlamorao tse ka amanang le lilemo. Index ea 'mele ea boima ba' mele (BMI) sehlopheng sa BED e qalile ho 30.1 ho isa 44.1. Sehlopha sa OB se ne se kenyelletsa batho ba 19 ba nang le BMI ho tloha 30.4 ho 41.6 mme sehlopha sa LC se ne se e-na le batho ba 19 ba nang le BMI ho tloha 20.4 ho isa 24.6. Lihlopha tsa BED le OB li ne li sa fapana ka BMI, mme joalo ka ha ho lebeletsoe, lihlopha tsena li ne li na le li-BMI tse phahameng ho feta sehlopha sa LC.

Lethathamo 1 

Morupeluoa oa Lipalo-palo tsa Batho ba Kopaneng le BMI

Sehlopha se feteletseng sa BED se ne se na le barupeluoa ba batlang kalafo ea 19 ba ngolisitseng tlhahlobo e lekantsoeng ea tlhahlobo ea placebo e laoloang nako ea 4 ea khoeli le khoeli ea sibutramine le ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro ea tlhokomeliso ea boits'oaro, ba le bang kapa ba kopane. Kamora mehato ea motheo e hlalositsoeng mona, barupeluoa ba ile ba sebelisa protocol ea fMRI pele ba qala kalafo, e ileng ea fanoa bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 4. Mekhoa e tataisitsoeng ea DSM-5 ea BED (www.dsm5.org) e sebelisitsoe ho netefatsa hore batho bohle sehlopheng sa BED ba fihletse litekanyetso, empa ha ho batho ka bomong ba lihlopha tsa OB kapa LC ba nang le nalane kapa polelo ea hona joale ea ho itlopa joala kapa boits'oaro bo bong ba ho se tsitse.

Mehato

MIDT

Barupeluoa bohle ba phethile MIDT; mosebetsi le mekhoa ea liteko li hlalosoa kae kapa kae (,) le karolong ea Mekhoa ea Supplement 1.

FMRI Ho Fumana le ho Lekola

Litšoantšo li fumanoe ka lits'ebetso tsa Nokia TIM Trio 3T MRI (Nokia, Malvern, Pennsylvania). Mekhoa ea ho fumana litšoantšo le ho sekaseka e qaqisitsoe ho Supplement 1. Litšoantšo tse sebetsang li ile tsa ntlafatsoa pele ka SPM5 (Welcome Functional Imaging Laboratory, London, UK), e hlophisitsoe ka tloaelo ho template ea Montreal-Neurological-Institute mme e ntlafalitsoe ka 6-mm kernel e felletseng-ka halofo-e phahameng. Sekao sa maemo a pele se ile sa etsoa ka khatello e matla () ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea ba kantle ho naha (). Litekanyetso tsa filthara ea Motion le tse phahameng li kenyellelitsoe e le li-regressor tse ling tse se nang phaello. Sethala sa tlhahlobo sa Neuroelf (www.neuroelf.net) e sebelisitsoe tlhahlobisong ea litlamorao tsa maemo a tšohanyetso. Khalemelo bakeng sa papiso e ngata e ile ea etsoa ka Monte-Carlo simling (mohlala, AlphaSim), le mekhabo e kopaneng ea voxel le li-cluster ho etsa hore tekanyo ea phoso ea lelapa e be le phoso ea 5%. Ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko e amanang le ts'ebetso, re bapisitse: tebello ea phaello ea chelete khahlanong le tebello ea ho se be le phello ea chelete bakeng sa tebello (A1) le tebello ea tumello ea likarolo (A1Win le A2Win, ka ho latellana); 1) tebello ea tahlehelo ea chelete ha e bapisoa le tebello ea ha ho na liphetho tsa lichelete bakeng sa mekhahlelo ea A2 le A2 (A1Loss le A2Loss, ka ho latellana); 1) "Win" bapisoa le liteko tsa sephetho sa "Neutral" (OCWin); le 2) "Tahlehelo" khahlanong le liteko tsa sephetho sa "Neutral" (OCLoss). Bona Supplement 3 bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi le Balodis et al a. () e bonts'a sebopeho sa liteko. Ho hlahloba phapang pakeng tsa sehlopha, re bapisitse tšebetso lihlopheng tsa BED, OB, le LC nakong ea A1Win, A2Win, OCWin, A1Loss, A2Loss, le OCLoss ka bobeli t liteko. Ntle le phapanyetsano ea kelello eohle, ho ile ha etsoa lipatlisiso tsa 2 tikolohong ea thahasello. Tsena li sekaseka VS, 'me e hokahane le tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang lits'ebetsong tsa "meta" tsa lipotoloho tsa boko tse lebelletsoeng nakong ea tebello ea ts'usumetso ea chelete (Setšoantšo sa 2) () 'me e hokahanya ho akaretsa le li-bokono tsa nucleus (Setšoantšo sa 3) ().

Setšoantšo sa 2 

Maikutlo a Coronal mabapi le libaka tse khahlisang tsa mekhatlo ea boithabiso (ROI) ka lihokela tse tlalehiloeng ke Knutson le Greer (). (A) Libaka tse putsoa li bonts'a sebaka sa 5-mm se potolohileng stralatum ea ventral ka lehlakoreng le letšehali [−12, 10, −2] le lehlakore le letona la [10, 8, 2]. (B ...
Setšoantšo sa 3 

Pono ea Coronal ea li-ROI tsa kahare tsa naha tse nang le likhokahano tse thehiloeng ho liphetho tsa ho lokisa moputso ke Breiter et al a. (). (A) Matheba a maputsoa a bonts'a sebaka sa 6-mm se potolohileng potral striatum ka lehlakoreng le letšehali (−12, 7, −10) le ka ho le letona (12, 7, −10) ...

Results

Phapang ea A1 le liphetho tsa karabelo le mekhoa e lumellanang li fumaneha ho Supplement 1, e fuoe meeli ea sebaka le bohlokoa ba likarolo tsa A2 le OC lits'ebetsong tse tlatsetsang. Ntle le moo, ho lekantsoe lethathamo la tse kopanetsoeng tse kopantseng lihlopha tse batenya (lihlopha tsa BED + OB) li thathamisitsoe ho Tafole S2 ho Supplement 1. Liphapang tsohle tsa sehlopha li thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 1. Ho tse latelang, sephetho se hlakisa le ho hlalosa liphapang tsa sehlopha tse amanang le maikutlo a rona (ke hore, libaka tse nang le mathata a bophelo bo botle). Liphetho tsa litlhahlobo tse lebisang thahasellong li bonts'oa Litšoantšo 2 'me Le33.

OB Khahlano le LC

Sheba Setšoantšo sa 1A 'me Lethathamo 2.

Setšoantšo sa 1 

Phapang pakeng tsa sehlopha ho Monetary Incentive Delay Task libakeng tse ka thoko ho toropo tse nang le batho ba batenya ba nang le bothata ba ho ja ka tsela e feteletseng (BED) (n = 19), batho ba batenya haholo ntle le BED (OB) (n = 19), le papiso e nang le leeme (LC) (n = 19) sehlopha ho z = −17, ...
Lethathamo 2 

Phapang ea Sehlopha nakong ea MIDT

A2Win

Nakong ea A2Win, phapanyetsano ea OB-LC e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo ho IFG e nepahetseng e atoloha ho ea ho OFC le kahare ea thalamus e fihlang ho caudate e nepahetseng, VS (Setšoantšo sa 2C, Setšoantšo sa 3C), le hypothalamus.

A2Loss

Nakong ea A2Loss, phapano ea OB-LC e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e eketsehang ho IFG ea leqeleng e atoloha ka bobeli ho IFG, OFC, le vmPFC; gyrus e nepahetseng ea medial e ka pele e fetisetsang hamorao ho gyrus e bohareng le bohareng le IFG; 'me o ile a siea midbrain substantia nigra e atoloha kahare ho li-nucleus tse khubelu le lentiform.

OCWin

Nakong ea OCWin, lipapatso tsa OB-LC li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng karolong e ka letsohong le letšehali e feteletsang ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho gorus ea pele le ea pele.

OCLoss

Nakong ea OCLoss, lipapatso tsa OB-LC li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokolitsoeng ho li-gyrus tsa pele tsa letsoho ho fetela pele ho meru ea pele ho molumo le ea pele.

BED Khahlano le LC

Sheba Setšoantšo sa 1B 'me Lethathamo 2.

A2Win

Nakong ea A2Win, phapang ea BED-LC e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e eketsehang ho dorsal caudate ho fetela ho bohareng ba bohareng ba gyrus, insula, le claustrum le ka ho le letšehali Cingrate gyrus e fetela ho caudate (Setšoantšo sa 2D). Ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng e ile ea bonoa korong ea methapo ea methapo.

A2Loss

Nakong ea A2Loss, phapang ea BED-LC e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e eketsehang ho qhekella ho nepahetseng ho fihla ho IFG. Ts'ebetso e fokolisitsoeng haholo e ile ea bonoa ho girase e ka pele bohareng e fetela ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho ea pele.

OCWin

Nakong ea OCWin, BED-LC ha e bapisoa le BC-LC e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ho li-gyrus tse phahameng tsa nakoana tse kenellang ho insula, cingrate gyrus, le posterior cingulate; tlohetsoe tlaase parietal lobule e atoloha ho fihla litsing, gorus ea morao-rao, e phahameng / e bohareng ea moea, VS, caudate, gyrus ea postcentral, precuneus, cuneus, e phahameng / e bohareng ea occipital gyrus, le ba-male; bilateral anterior cingrate e atoloha hamorao ho le letona IFG, caudate, le claustrum; tse peli tsa pele medial frontal gyrus; le VS e nepahetseng

OCLoss

Nakong ea OCLoss, BED-LC ha e bapisoa e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng maemong a pele a boroa a fetela ka letsohong le letona la cingrate, "caterate" ea linaha tse peli, leqele la paracentral, gyrus ea letsoho le ka lehlakoreng le letona; letsoho le letona le phahameng la moea la nakoana le feteletsang ho li-gyrus tsa nakoana tsa moea, gyrus ea morao le ho tsitsisa; ho tloha ka letsohong le letšehali ho fetisetsoa ho li-gyrus tsa pele le tsa morao-rao; leqeleng le ka letsohong le letšehali le fetela ho puong e 'ngoe ea puo ea heno, "biluneal precuneus" le "cuneus"; le bohareng ba bohareng bo fetela ho thalamus le malense.

BED Khahlano le OB

Sheba Setšoantšo sa 1C 'me Lethathamo 2.

A2Win

Nakong ea A2Win, phapanyetsano ea BED-OB e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ho senetorm lense e atoloha kahare ho VS (Setšoantšo sa 2B, Setšoantšo sa 3B), hypothalamus, thalamus, caudate, putamen, le khubu ea "midbrain"; ka ho le letona cingrate gyrus e atoloha ka kotloloho ho ea morial / e phahameng ea pele ea gyrus; ho kenella ka ho le letona ho fetela ho pherekano ea nakoana ea nakoana; le ka letsohong le letšehali gyrus e fetela ho IFG.

A2Loss

Nakong ea A2Loss, phapang ea BED-OB e bontšitse tšebetso e fokotsehileng ho li-nucleus tse khubelu tsa midbrain ho fihla ho thalamus, VS e kopaneng, le substantia nigra; medial frontal gyrus e fetela ho li-gyrus tsa postcentral, cingrate gyrus, parietal lobule e tlase, gyrus ea morao-rao le gyrus e ka pele; ba tloheletsiang ho kenella ho ho fihlela gorus ea maemo a holimo; girase e bohareng e lebisang ho cingrate e ka ntle le "gyrus" e ka pele; 'me ka leqele le ka lehlakoreng le phahameng la fetela pele ho gyrus ea postcentral.

OCWin

Nakong ea OCWin, phapang ea BED-OB e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ho ts'ebetsong, lentiform nucleus, gypus ea para-hippocampal, cuneus, thalamus, le gyrus e phahameng ea nakoana; letsoho le letona le phahameng la moea la nakoana le kenellang ho insula, gyrus ea pele, le IFG; "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "Gyrus ea" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" Gyrus e tsoang pele ho "" "" "" "e fetela ho kantle ea cingrate, VS e kopaneng, le caudate; mme a tloha ka leqheka.

OCLoss

Nakong ea OCLoss, phapano ea BED-OB ha e supe ho se tšoane hoa lihlopha libakeng tsa mekhatlo ea lefatše ea machaba (Lethathamo 1 e thathamisa liphapang tsohle tsa sehlopha).

Puisano

Ho ile ha bonoa liphapang tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa BED, OB, le LC ka tsela tse netefalitseng likarolo tsa rona tse fapaneng: litabatabelo tse kholo tsa VS li ile tsa bonoa nakong ea mekhahlelo ea ho hloloa / tahlehelo ea A2 maemong a BED-OB (empa eseng a BED-LC); Papiso ea BED-OB nakong ea methati ena e senotse likarabo tsa VS tse lebelletsoeng ho BED, athe phapanyetsano ea OB-LC e bonts'itse likarabo tse phahamisitsoeng tsa VS ho OB. Lits'oants'o tsena li ne li tšoaretsoe bakeng sa liphapang tsa sehlopha mokhotlong, thalamus le amygdala, ho fana ka maikutlo a phapanyetsano ea ho hira batho ba amanang le / kapa ba khothaletso ea potoloho (,). Ts'ebetso ea sephetho ho barupeluoa ba BED e ne e amahanngoa le ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea pele le ea ts'ebetso ea bohloka mabapi le lihlopha tseo e seng tsa BED. Litlamorao tsa tlhaho le tsa bophelo bo botle li tšohloa mona mabapi le phapang pakeng tsa lipapatso tsa sehlopha nakong ea litebello tsa moputso le litholoana.

Ts'ebetso ea Tebello

E lumellana le litlatsetso tsa rona, ts'ebetso ea ho lebella e ne e amana le ho fokotseha hoa mesebetsi ea VS e kopanetsoeng ho BED e amanang le barupeluoa ba OB. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, phapang ea OB-LC e bontšitse ho hloa mekoa ha VS nakong ea karolo ena ho barupeluoa ba OB. Ntle le moo, ho supa ka mokhoa o fapaneng oa BED-OB ho bonts'oa ha ho bonahala bohareng ba mpa, amygdala, le thalamus-libaka tse neng li bonoa nakong e fetileng tsa tatellano ea lijo e le tse arabelang haholoanyane nakong ea litebello tsa meputso e phethahetseng (,). Liphetho, ka hona, li fana ka leseli la liphumano tse shebahalang eka lia phahama mabapi le bokhopo bo atamelaneng le botenya mme li hatisa bohlokoa ba ho khetholla lipakeng tsa maemo a tlase a botenya le linako tsa moputso tse lebelletsoeng. VS, haholo-holo li-bokellase tsa li-nucleus, e kentsoe ka matla ts'ebetsong ea moputso, haholoholo ha e amana le liphetoho mekhoeng ea boits'oaro e nepahetseng le boits'oaro bo lebisitsoeng ho sepheo (-). Liphumano tsa rona tsa karabelo e fokotsehileng ea karohano sehlopheng sa BED, se amanang le sehlopha sa OB, kahara likarolo tsohle tsa A2 win / lahleheloa ke maemo a fumanehang ka liphetho tsa MIDT bathong ba bang ba tšoauoeng ka mathata a taolo ea tšusumetso, ho kenyelletsa le ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea 'mele ea ho becha, ho senyeha / khatello ea kelello. , ts'epahalo ea joala, le nalane e ntle ea lelapa bakeng sa joala (,,,,). E ts'oanang le liphumano tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea ho becha -), hypoactivity e amanang le pele ho barupeluoa ba BED e ne e sa ts'oana haholo le maemo ho feta tekano. Ts'ebetso e fokolisang ea kereke e etsahetse maemong a lebelletseng le sephetho le maemo a ho hloloa le tahlehelo (Setšoantšo sa 1), e bonts'a ho BED mokhoa o akaretsang oa ts'ebetso e felileng ea ts'ebetso ea meputso le tahlehelo. Ntle le moo, phapang ea BED-LC le BED-OB e hlahisitse mokhoa o ts'oanang oa phapang lipakeng tsa sephetho ho MIDT, haholo libakeng tse sa tsebeng letho. Leha ho le joalo, liphapang tse fokolang libakeng tse nang le mathata nakong ea kemolo ea BED-LC li bonts'a hore sehlopha sa BED se ka khetholloa ka ho fetisisa ka liphetoho nakong ea mekhahlelo ea sephetho, athe sehlopha sa OB se khetholloa ka ho tšerehanya nakong ea maemo a lebelletseng.

Tokelo ea Litumellano tsa Ho Lemalla

Ts'ebetso e khethiloeng e lebelletseng e ka emisa mosetelletsi oa pele tlhahisong ea BED. "Moputso oa khaello ea moputso" o fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le ts'ebetso e fokolang ea moputso oa mantlha ba ka jella lijo kapa ba etsa boitšoaro bo tlatsetsang boitekong bo tlatselletsang ho khothaletsa tšebetso libakeng tsena (). Likarabo tse fetotsoeng tsa midbrain tse kenyelletsang nigra eaantianti ka bobeli ba likarolo tsa A2W le A2L maemong a BED-OB le phapanyetsano ea OB-LC li fana ka maikutlo a phetoho litseleng tsa dopaminergic neural. Ka sebele, VS, hypothalamus, thalamus, le cortex e etelletseng pele li emela libaka tse hloahloa tsa "mesocorticolimbic dopamine system", e lumellanang le karolo ea neurotransmitter ena ts'ebetsong ea moputso (,). Leha fMRI e sa khone ho hokahanya liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso ho dopamine, lithuto tse kopantsoeng tsa fMRI le positron emission tomography li bonts'a ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea dopaminergic libakeng tsa pele tsa cortical ka ha batho ka bomong ba lebelletse mme ba amohela meputso ea chelete (). Liphetoho tsa dopaminergic li bonoa ho BED (-), le tokollo ea dopamine ea driamine nakong ea ts'usumetso ea lijo e tsamaisana hantle le thibelo ea lijo (). Le ha ho le joalo, mohlala oa BED-hypo-active / OB-hyperactive dopaminergic o ka fetisa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso; Liphetoho li ka amana le mekhahlelo e itseng ea pherekano, e le hore hypersensitivity ea pele ea sistimi ena e ka fokotsoa ke phepo e matla ea lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata kapa tsoekere (-). Tumellanong le mohopolo oa ts'usumetso ea matla a ho hlohlelletsa, tšusumetso ea hedonic (ke hore, "ho rata") ea ts'ebetso ea phepelo e ka fokotseha kamora ho ts'ebeliso e ngata, athe karolo ea ts'usumetso (ke hore, "ho batla") e phahamisitsoe. Thutong ea hajoale, barupeluoa ba BED ba bontsitse ho fokotseha ha tebello e lebelletsoeng ho sehlopha sa OB litsing tsa lichelete; ho ka etsahala hore ho pepesehela litšebelisano tsa lijo (ka mantsoe a mang, menyetla ea mathata a itseng) ho ka eketsa ts'ebetso marangrang a marang-rang (stonto-striatal network ().

Ho fapana le sehlopha sa BED, liphapang tsa sehlopha sa OB-LC li ne li fumaneha haholo kahara likarolo tse lebelletsoeng. Liphumano ho sehlopha sa OB (se amanang le LC) sa "activC" se kopaneng sa medial / lateral, striatum, amygdala, le hippocampal nakong ea ts'ebetso e lebelletsoeng li lumellana le mekhoa e ts'oanang ea karabelo e boletsoeng nakong ea tlhahiso ea likhakanyo tsa lijo () le ho tšehetsa mohopolo oa tebello e kholo ea moputso sehlopheng sena.

Ts'ebetso ea Liphello

E lumellana le li-hypotheses tsa rona, barupeluoa ba BED ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng libakeng tsa pele le tse mahareng nakong ea mekhahlelo ea sephetho, e amanang le lihlopha tsa OB le LC. Liphumano tsena li tsamaellana le litlaleho tse felletseng le tse tlase tsa bulimia, moo batho ka bomong ba bonts'ang tšebetso e fokotsehileng maemong a ka pele a ka letsohong le letšehali la bohare, ho kenella le gyrus e nepahetseng ea letsoho nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea lijo tse fumanehang habonolo (). Ntle le moo, vmPFC le atrophy e nepahetseng ea "insula" li hokahane le etiology e phehellang ea ho ja ho tlangoa (). Likhethong tsena ka bobeli tsa BED-OB le BED-LC, ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea lefatše ka bobeli ho fetela ho IFG ho bonahala ho barupeluoa ba BED. Insula ke karolo ea "cortex" ea tatso ea mantlha empa e bohlokoa le ho lets'oao la homeostatic (-). Ka hona, liphetho li ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa ho fetolela moputso ka kakaretso ka BED. Tlhokomeliso e fetotsoeng ea puisano ka ho etsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso e kenelletseng, haholo-holo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea sephetho, e fana ka maikutlo a bokhoni bo sa nepahalang ba ho kenyelletsa leseli la moputso mabapi le boemo ba hona joale ba motho. Ntle le moo, IFG e amehile ka tšebelisano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea kelello le ts'usumetso nakong ea taolo ea thibelo (-); ka hona kakaretso e fokotsehileng ea IFG le ho saena ka mokhoa oa insula li ka ba le litlamorao tsa ho sa khaotseng tlala / lipontšo tsa ho satiety.

Matla, Meeli, le Tataiso ea Nako e Tlang

Ho tsebo ea rona, thuto ea hajoale ke lipatlisiso tsa pele tsa fMRI ts'ebetsong ea meputso e akaretsang ho pholletsa le meputso e fapaneng ea moputso le lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse batsi tsa botenya, ho kenyelletsa le tse nang le BED. Ts'ebeliso ea paradigm e sebetsanang le moputso lihlopheng tse batenya tse bonts'ang mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho ja e fana ka temohisiso e batsi mabapi le li-biomarkers tsa mofuta ka mong. Ka tsela ena, thuto ea hona joale e hlakisa likhakanyo tse khethehileng tsa neural tse amanang le mekhoa ea ho ja ho tsoa ho tse amanang le botenya. Ntle le moo, mosebetsi oa fMRI o fana ka monyetla oa ho hlahloba mekhoa ea methapo e amanang le mekhoa ea moputso / tahlehelo e ka khothaletsang mokhoa o itseng oa ho ja.

Boithuto ba hona joale bo lekanyelitsoe ke lintlha tse 'maloa. Palo e tlase ea banna ba neng ba le sehlopheng sa BED e ile ea thibela tlhahlobo ea phapang ea bong; Tsamaiso ea lipotso tsa ho ja lihlopheng tsohle e kanna ea supa litšobotsi tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa ho ja. Boithuto ba pejana bo tlalehile liphapang tse amanang le botebo ba BED ho sampole tsa bongaka le tsa sechaba (); ka hona, ho ka etsahala hore tlhaho e batlang phekolo e khetholle BED ho lihlopha tsa OB le LC. Tse ling tsa lipatlisiso tsa boko bohle ha li phele khalemelo ea Bonferroni e bolokiloeng lipapisong tse ngata tse amanang le methati e tšeletseng ea MIDT le lihlopha tse tharo tsa tlhahlobo tse hlahlojoang.

Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e ka boela ea lekola ho tšoana pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa BED le OB; thutong e kopanetsoeng ea thuto e hlahlobisisa ho hokahana libakeng tse ngata tsa bohloa le tse ka morao (Tafole S2 ho Supplement 1). Ntle le moo, ho bile le ho se lumellane hanyane pakeng tsa lihlopha tse batenya ho fetohang ha BED-LC le OB-LC. Libaka tse nang le "concordant" li hlahile haholo nakong ea mekhahlelo ea liphetho le libakeng tse ka morao tsa dorsal, ho kenyelletsa mosebetsi o fokolang oa posterior cingate, precuneus, le mosebetsi oa gyrus oa pele nakong ea mekhahlelo ka bobeli. Libaka tsena li na le tšusumetso tebello ea moputso le taolo ea tlhokomelo; mohlala, kamora pente ea kamorao e fanoa karolo ea ho supa phetoho ea tikoloho, ho kenyelletsa sephetho sa moputso, le ts'ebetso e eketsehang e tsamaellanang le liphetoho lipakeng tsa naha le lipakeng tsa tikoloho (). Ketsahalo e khethiloeng libakeng tsena lihlopheng tsa batho ba batenya haholo e bonts'a liphetoho tse hlokoang le ho susumetsa nakong ea ho fana ka maikutlo maemong a sephetho.

Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li boetse li lokela ho hlahloba liphapang tse amanang le bong, maemo a ho tsuba, le boitšoaro bo batlang batho ba batenya. Mohato o mong oa bohlokoa o tla kenyelletsa ho utloisisa hore na lits'ebetso tsena tsa neural li sebelisana joang le mekhoa ea homeostatic (,) hape hape li amahanya tsena le ho ba ho sa foleng / nako e telele ea botena le / kapa BED. Boithuto ba nako e telele bo ka fana ka khokahano ea nakoana lipakeng tsa liphetoho tsa boima ba 'mele le ts'ebetso ea moputso le ho tšoaea matšoao a likokoana-hloko a amanang le ho ja lijo tse tlang pele ho botenya. Leha moralo oa hona joale oa teko o ke ke oa khetholla hore na liphapang tsena ke sesosa kapa phello ea ho nona kapa ho itlopa lijo, leha ho le joalo li na le litlamorao tse kholo bakeng sa kalafo ea botena. Mekhoa ea phekolo e tsepamisitsoeng molemong oa ho matlafatsa tšebetso ea corticostriatal limbic e ka emela maano a bohlokoa a kalafo bakeng sa BED. Ka mokhoa o batsi, liphuputso tsena li bonts'a bohlokoa ba maano a bophelo bo botle ho laoleng lijo tse nang le tsoekere e ngata tse nang le tsoekere tse ka fetolang karabelo ho batho ba kotsing ea ho ja le ho nona haholo ().

Nahanisisa

Boithuto ba hajoale bo emela bohato ba bohlokoa ba ho hlahloba lihlopha tsa batho ba nang le botenya le li-correlates tsa boko ba tšebetso ea meputso e seng lijo. Liphumano tsa tšebetso e fokotseng ea cortico-striatal ho barupeluoa ba BED ka linako tsohle tse lebelletsoeng le tsa moputso tse amanang le OB le lihlopha tsa LC li khothaletsa ho hloa marang-rang a marang-rang a amehang ts'ebetsong ea moputso le ho ikatisa. Lintlha tsena li boetse li fana ka bopaki ba phetoho e tšoanang ea li-neurocircuitry tse tsamaisang moputso mathateng a mang a taolo ea tšusumetso, joalo ka ho becha ha methapo ea methapo le ts'ebeliso ea joala. Ho kenyelletsoa ha lihlopha tsa bobeli tsa BED le OB ho emela mohato oa bohlokoa ho sheba hore na boits'oaro bo rarahaneng bo kenya letsoho joang ho botenya. Ka kakaretso, liphumano tsa morao-rao li hlahisa likarolo tse sa tsoaneng tsa neural ho ts'ebetsong meputso e sa khetholloeng e khethollang li-subgroups tse ikhethang tsa batho ba batenya. Lintlha tsena li ka fana ka leseli mabapi le liphetho tse shebahalang li makatsa tsa ts'ebetso ea VS ho lipatlisiso tsa botenya.

 

Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng

lisebelisoa tse tlatsetsang

lumela hore baa fokola

Ts'ehetso e fanoe ke lithuso tse latelang: Lithuso tsa Sechaba tsa Bophelo (NIH) tsa R01-DA019039, P20-DA027844, P50-AA012870, R01-DA020908, R01-AA016599, RL1-AXXUM , le 017539K12 DK00167. Re leboha ka kananelo Scott Bullock, Jessica Montoya, Naaila Panjwani, Monica Solorzano, Jocelyn Topf, Katie VanBuskirk, Rachel Barnes le Robin Masheb bakeng sa thuso ea bona mabapi le projeke. Likateng tsa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho ke feela boikarabello ba bangoli 'me ha ho hlile ha li emetse maikutlo a semmuso a mekhatlo efe kapa efe ea lichelete.

Dr. Potenza o rerile le ho eletsa Boehringer Ingelheim; ho botsoa 'me o na le lithahasello tsa lichelete ho Somaxon; e fumane tšehetso ea lipatlisiso ho tsoa ho NIH, Veterans Administration, Mohegan Sun Casino, Setsi sa Naha sa Lipapali tse Ikarabellang le Setsi sa eona sa Patlisiso mabapi le Mathata a Ho becha, Forest Laboratories, Psyadon, Ortho-McNeil, Oy-Control / Biotie, le meriana ea GlaxoSmithKline; ba nkile karolo lipatlisisong, posong, kapa lipuisanong tsa mohala tse amanang le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi, mathata a ho laola maikutlo, kapa lihlooho tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle; a buisana le liofisi tsa molao le ofisi ea mosireletsi oa sechaba litabeng tse amanang le mathata a ho laola maikutlo; e fana ka tlhokomelo ea bongaka Lefapheng la Connecticut la Bophelo bo Botle ba kelello le Litšebeletso tsa Lithethefatsi Lits'ebeletso Lenaneo la Litšebeletso tsa Ho becha; ba entse tlhahlobo ea lithuso bakeng sa NIH le mekhatlo e meng; ho fuoa lipuo tsa thuto maemong a maholo, liketsahalo tse tsoelang pele tsa thuto ea bongaka, le libaka tse ling tsa bongaka kapa tsa mahlale; mme a hlahisa libuka kapa likhaolo tsa libuka bakeng sa baphatlalatsi ba litemana tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

 

Bangoli bohle ba bang ha ba tlalehe lithahasello tsa lichelete tse sa rateheng kapa likhohlano tse ka bang teng.

 

 

Lintho tse tlatsetsang tse boletsoeng sengoliloeng sena lia fumaneha inthaneteng ho http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.014.

 

References

1. Di Chiara G. Dopamine likhatellong tsa lijo le boits'oaro ba lithethefatsi: Na ke nyeoe ea thuto ea lapeng? Physiol Behav. 2005; 86: 9-10. [E fetotsoe]
2. Kelley AE, Baldo BA, Pratt WE, Will MJ. Corticostriatalhypothalamic circry le tšusumetso ea lijo: ho kopanya matla, ketso le moputso. Physiol Behav. 2005; 86: 773-795. [E fetotsoe]
3. Hloka AC, Ahmadi KR, Spector TD, Goldstein DB. Ho nona ho amana le mefuta ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e fetolang ho fumaneha ha dopamine. Ann Hum Genet. 2006; 70: 293-303. [E fetotsoe]
4. DelParigi A, Chen K, Salbe AD, Reiman EM, Tataranni PA. Phihlelo ea letsoalo la lijo le botenya: Phuputso ea positron emission tomography ea libaka tsa boko tse anngoeng ke ho latsoa lijo tsa metsi kamora ho itima lijo nako e telele. Neuroimage. 2005; 24: 436-443. [E fetotsoe]
5. Matsuda M, Liu Y, Mahankali S, Pu Y, Mahankali A, Wang J, et al. Mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa hypothalamic o arabelang ho kenella ha tsoekere ea glucose ho batho ba batenya. Lefu la tsoekere. 1999; 48: 1801-1806. [E fetotsoe]
6. Rothemund Y, Preuschhof C, Bohner G, Bauknecht HC, Klingebiel R, Flor H, et al. Ts'usumetso e fapaneng ea dorsal striatum ke takatso e phahameng ea khalori ea lijo tse susumetsoang ke batho ba batenya. Neuroimage. 2007; 37: 410-421. [E fetotsoe]
7. Stoeckel LE, Weller RE, Cook EW, 3rd, Twieg DB, Knowlton RC, Cox JE. Ts'ebetso e pharalletseng ea meputso ho basali ba batenya ho latela litšoantšo tsa lijo tse nang le khalori e phahameng. Neuroimage. 2008; 41: 636-647. [E fetotsoe]
8. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Thanos PK, Logan J, et al. Li-receptor tse tlase tsa dopamine striatal D2 li amahanngoa le metabolism ea mantlha lithutong tsa monokotsoai: Lintho tse ka 'nang tsa kenya letsoho. Neuroimage. 2008; 42: 1537-1543. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
9. Davis CA, Levitan RD, Reid C, Carter JC, Kaplan AS, Patte KA, et al. Dopamine bakeng sa "ho batla" le li-opioids tsa "ho rata": Papiso ea batho ba baholo ba batenya le ba sa jeng ho itlopa lijo. Ho Nona Haholo. 2009 (Selivera ea Chelete) 17: 1220-1225. [E fetotsoe]
10. Allison KC, Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Stunkard AJ. Ho itlopa joala ka lebaka la ho ja le ho ja bosiu: Tlhahlobo e bapisoang ea ho ja se nang le matla. Jonana Clin Psychol. 2005; 73: 1107-1115. [E fetotsoe]
11. Ziauddeen H, Farooqi IS, Fletcher PC. Ho nona le bokong: Mokhoa oo motho a lemalloang o leng matla ka oona? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012; 13: 279-286. [E fetotsoe]
12. Avena NM, Gearhardt AN, Gold MS, Wang GJ, Potenza MN. Ho lahlela lesea ka metsi a ho hlatsoa kamora ho hlatsuoa ha nakoana? Taba e ka 'nang ea hlaha ea ho leleka temallo ea lijo e thehiloe ho data e fokolang. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012; 13: 514. [E fetotsoe]
13. Gearhardt AN, White MA, Potenza MN. Ho itlopa joala ho ja le ho lemalla lijo. Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi ea Curr Rev. 2011; 4: 201-207. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
14. Berridge KC. Moputso oa lijo: Likotoana tsa brain tsa ho batla le ho rata. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996; 20: 1-25. [E fetotsoe]
15. Breiter HC, Aharon I, Kahneman D, Dale A, Shizgal P. Ts'ebetso ea ho nahana ka likarabo tsa neural ho lebella boiphihlelo le boiphihlelo ba phaello le tahlehelo ea chelete. Neuron. 2001; 30: 619-639. [E fetotsoe]
16. Knutson B, Adams CM, Fong GW, Hommer D. Tabatabelo ea ho eketsa moputso oa chelete ka boikhethelo ba hira li-nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci. 2001; 21 RC159. [E fetotsoe]
17. Knutson B, Fong GW, Bennett SM, Adams CM, Hommer D. Setereke se nang le lipina tsa mantlha tsa preortalal cortex li hlahisa litholoana tse khotsofatsang: tšobotsi e nang le fMRI e potlakileng e amanang le liketsahalo. Neuroimage. 2003; 18: 263-272. [E fetotsoe]
18. McClure SM, York MK, Montague PR. Likarolo tse ncha tsa neural tsa ts'ebetso ea moputso ho batho: Karolo ea sejoale-joale ea FMRI. Neuroscientist. 2004; 10: 260-268. [E fetotsoe]
19. O'Doherty JP, Deichmann R, Critchley HD, Dolan RJ. Likarabo tsa Neural nakong ea ho lebella moputso o moholo oa moputso. Neuron. 2002; 33: 815-826. [E fetotsoe]
20. Pelchat ML, Johnson A, Chan R, Valdez J, Ragland JD. Litšoantšo tsa takatso: Ts'usumetso ea takatso ea lijo nakong ea fMRI. Neuroimage. 2004; 23: 1486-1493. [E fetotsoe]
21. DM e nyane, Prescott J. Odor / kopanyo ea tatso le pono ea tatso. Brain Res. 2005; 166: 345-357. [E fetotsoe]
22. Stice E, Spoor S, Bohon C, Veldhuizen MG, DM e nyane. Kameho ea moputso o tsoang ho tatso ea lijo le litabatabelo tsa lijo tse lebelletsoeng ho botenya: Thutong ea maiketsetso e sebetsang ea makenete. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008; 117: 924-935. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
23. Epstein LH, Temple JL, Neaderhiser BJ, Salis RJ, Erbe RW, Leddy JJ. Matlafatso ea lijo, mofuta oa dopamine D2 receptor genotype, le matla a jang ho batho ba batenya le ba sa batloeng. Behav Neurosci. 2007; 121: 877-886. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
24. Roows A, Herman CP, Macleod CM, Smulders FT, Jansen A. Qalong a bona: Lijoa tse thibelang li lekola lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata? Takatso ea lijo. 2005; 44: 103-114. [E fetotsoe]
25. Bohon C, Stice E. Moputso o sa hlakoheng har'a basali ba nang le botlalo le bohloeki ba bulimia mothosa: Thutong ea maiketsetso e sebetsang. Int J Dis Disord. 2011; 44: 585-595. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
26. Breiter HC, Gollub RL, Weisskoff RM, Kennedy DN, Makris N, Berke JD, et al. Litlamorao tse mpe tsa cocaine tšebetsong ea kelello ea motho le maikutlo a hae. Neuron. 1997; 19: 591-611. [E fetotsoe]
27. Knutson B, Westdorp A, Kaiser E, pono ea Hommer D. FMRI ea ts'ebetso ea boko nakong ea mosebetsi oa ho lieha oa tšusumetso ea chelete. Neuroimage. 2000; 12: 20-27. [E fetotsoe]
28. Stoeckel LE, Kim J, Weller RE, Cox JE, Cook EW, 3rd, Horwitz B. Khokahano e atlehileng ea marangrang a moputso ho basali ba batenya. Brain Res Bull. 2009; 79: 388-395. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
29. Stice E, Yokum S, Bohon C, Marti N, Smolen A. Moputso karohano ea potoloho ea lijo li hakanyetse ho eketseha hoa boima ba 'mele: Litla-morao tsa DRD2 le DRD4. Neuroimage. 2010; 50: 1618-1625. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
30. Jia Z, Worhunsky PD, Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ, Stevens MC, Pearlson GD, et al. Boithuto ba pele ba likarabo tsa neural ho litheko tsa lichelete joalo ka ha li amana le sephetho sa kalafo ho latela ts'ebeliso ea koae. Psychology ea Biol. 2011; 70: 553-560. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
31. Beck A, Schlagenhauf F, Wustenberg T, Hein J, Kienast T, Kahnt T, et al. Ts'ebetso ea setho sa botšehali nakong ea tebello ea moputso e tsamaellana le ho qobelloa ke bokhoba ba joala. Psychology ea Biol. 2009; 66: 734-742. [E fetotsoe]
32. Balodis IM, Kober H, Worhunsky PD, Stevens MC, Pearlson GD, Potenza MN. Ketsahalo e khethiloeng ea pele nakong ea ts'ebetso ea meputso ea chelete le tahlehelo papaling ea papali ea chelete. Psychology ea Biol. 2012; 71: 749-757. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
33. Carnell S, Gibson C, Benson L, Ochner CN, Geliebter A. Neuroimaging le botenya: Tsebo ea hajoale le tataiso ea nako e tlang. Obes Rev. 2011; 13: 43-56. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
34. Stice E, Spoor S, Ng J, Zald DH. Kamano ea botenya ho feteletseng le ho lebella lijo moputso. Physiol Behav. 2009; 97: 551-560. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
35. Grilo CM, Hrabosky JI, White MA, Allison KC, Stunkard AJ, Masheb RM. Keketseho ea sebopeho le boima ba bothata ba ho ja sefuba le taolo e feteletseng: Ntlafatso ea moaho oa ho hlahloba. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008; 117: 414-419. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
36. Grilo CM, Masheb RM, White MA. Bohlokoa ba ho fetisa boleng ba sebopeho / boima ba bokuli ba ho ja ka bongata: Boithuto bo bapisoang le boima bo feteletseng le bulimia mothosa. Ho Nona Haholo. 2010 (Selivera ea Chelete) 18: 499-504. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
37. Schienle A, Schafer A, Hermann A, Vaitl D. Ho jeoa ke ho ja: ho fella ka maikutlo le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko ho litšoantšo tsa lijo. Psychology ea Biol. 2009; 65: 654-661. [E fetotsoe]
38. Balodis IM, Molina ND, Kober H, Worhunsky PD, White MA, Sinha R, et al. Litla-morao tse nang le methapo ea kutlo ea taolo ea ho itima lijo lijo tse tsamaeang le lipontšo tse ling tsa botena. Obesity (Silver Spring) ka khatiso [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
39. Andrews MM, Meda SA, Thomas AD, Potenza MN, Krystal JH, Worhunsky P, et al. Nalane ea malapa ka bo eona e nang le tšebeliso e mpe ea tahi e bonts'a phapang e fapaneng ea maikutlo a moputso o amanang le mabaka a ho se be teng. Psychology ea Biol. 2011; 69: 675-683. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
40. Ngola J, Schlagenhauf F, Kienast T, Wustenberg T, Bermpohl F, Kahnt T, et al. Ho se sebetse hantle hoa ts'ebeliso ea meputso e tsamaellanang le litakatso tsa joala ho batho ba lemaletseng joala. Neuroimage. 2007; 35: 787-794. [E fetotsoe]
41. Kober H, Mende-Siedlecki P, Kross EF, Weber J, Mischel W, Hart CL, et al. Tsela ea pele-pele e tsamaisa taolo ea kelello ea litakatso. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 107: 14811-14816. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
42. Wager TD, Keller MC, Lacey SC, Jonides J. Ho eketseha ha maikutlo lithutong tsa morao-rao ka ho sebelisa litlhaloso tse matla. Neuroimage. 2005; 26: 99-113. [E fetotsoe]
43. Knutson B, Greer SM. Tšitiso e lebelletseng: Li-coslates tsa Neural le litlamorao tsa khetho. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008; 363: 3771-3786. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
44. Kober H, Barrett LF, Joseph J, Bliss-Moreau E, Lindquist K, Wager TD. Ts'ebetso ea lihlopha le ts'ebelisano-mmoho ea cortical-subcortical ka maikutlo: Tlhahlobo ea meta-lithuto tsa neuroimaging. Neuroimage. 2008; 42: 998-1031. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
45. Chambers RA, Taylor JR, Potenza MN. Litla-morao tsa nts'etsopele ea kholo ea bongoana: Nako e mahlonoko ea ho lemalla tlhekefetso. Ke J Psychiatry. 2003; 160: 1041-1052. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
46. Carlezon WA, Jr, RA Wise. Ketso tse moputso tsa phencyclidine le lithethefatsi tse ling tse amanang le eona li bokellaneng ka khetla le kahare. J Neurosci. 1996; 16: 3112-3122. [E fetotsoe]
47. Haber SN, Knutson B. Potoloho ea moputso: Ho hokahanya anatomy ea maemo a holimo le likhopolo tsa batho. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010; 35: 4-26. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
48. Ito R, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. Taolo e fapaneng ea boitšoaro ba cocaineseeking ka li-nucleus e bokella mantlha le khetla. Nat Neurosci. 2004; 7: 389-397. [E fetotsoe]
49. Scheres A, MP ea Milham, Knutson B, Castellanos FX. Ventral striatal hyporesponsiveness nakong ea tebello ea moputso ho chidwideficit / hyperactivity disorder. Psychology ea Biol. 2007; 61: 720-724. [E fetotsoe]
50. Strohle A, Stoy M, Wrase J, Schwarzer S, Schlagenhauf F, Huss M, et al. Ho lebella moputso le litlamorao ho banna ba baholo ba nang le tlhokomelo ea bofokoli / khatello ea kelello. Neuroimage. 2008; 39: 966-972. [E fetotsoe]
51. G. GJ, G. G. N., G. G. N., G. G. N., G. Dopamine ea boko le botenya. Lancet. 2001; 357: 354-357. [E fetotsoe]
52. Fiorillo CD, Tobler PN, Schultz W. Discodcoding ea menyetla ea meputso le ho hloka botsitso ke li-dopamine neurons. Mahlale. 2003; 299: 1898-1902. [E fetotsoe]
53. Robbins TW. Neuromodulation ea lik'hemik'hale ea mesebetsi ea pele-e phahameng ho batho le liphoofolo tse ling. Brain Res. 2000; 133: 130-138. [E fetotsoe]
54. Dreher JC, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Kohn P, Berman KF. Liphetoho tse bang teng mananeong a midbrain dopaminergic ea tsamaiso ea moputso oa motho. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2008; 105: 15106-15111. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
55. Shinohara M, Mizushima H, Hirano M, Shioe K, Nakazawa M, Hiejima Y, le ba bang. Mathata a ho ja a nang le boits'oaro ba ho ja haholo a amahanngoa le karolo ea 3'-UTR VNTR polymorphism ea lefapha la lipalangoang tsa dopamine. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2004; 29: 134-137. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
56. Davis C, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Carter J, Reid C, Curtis C, et al. Boikutlo ba moputso le mofuta oa D2 dopamine receptor gene: Boithuto ba Casecontrol ba bothata ba ho ja. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 32: 620-628. [E fetotsoe]
57. Davis C, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Carter J, Reid C, Curtis C, et al. Dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) e amanang le khatello ea takatso ea lijo bakeng sa methylphenidate lithutong tse laolang taolo ea ho ja. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007; 32: 2199-2206. [E fetotsoe]
58. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Maynard L, Jayne M, Fowler JS, Zhu W, et al. Dopamine ea Brain e amahanngoa le mekhoa ea ho ja ho batho. Int J Dis Disord. 2003; 33: 136-142. [E fetotsoe]
59. Davis C, Strachan S, Berkson M. Boikutlo ba ho putsa: Litlamorao tsa ho nona le ho nona ho feta tekano. Takatso ea lijo. 2004; 42: 131-138. [E fetotsoe]
60. Avena NM, Bocarsly ME, Hoebel BG, Gold MS. Ho pheta-pheta palong ea tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le ho nona ho feta tekano: Litlamorao tsa "ho lemalla lijo." Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi XrUMX; 2011: 4-133. [E fetotsoe]
61. Garber AK, Lustig RH. A na lijo tse potlakileng li lemaletse? Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi ea Curr Rev. 2011; 4: 146-162. [E fetotsoe]
62. Woolley JD, Gorno-Tempini ML, Seeley WW, Rankin K, Lee SS, Matthews BR, et al. Ho itlopa joala ho tsamaisana le "orbitofrontal-insular-striatal atrophy" ea "demotrate" ea methapo. Neurology. 2007; 69: 1424-1433. [E fetotsoe]
63. Paulus MP. Liphetoho tse nkang liqeto lithutong tsa mafu a kelello — li ​​fetotsoe tšebetsong ea homeostatic? Mahlale. 2007; 318: 602-606. [E fetotsoe]
64. Paulus MP, Rogalsky C, Simmons A, Feinstein JS, Stein MB. Ho eketsa ts'ebetso ho "insula" e nepahetseng nakong ea ho nka liqeto tse nkang likotsi ho amana le ho qoba ho senya le neuroticism. Neuroimage. 2003; 19: 1439-1448. [E fetotsoe]
65. DM e nyane. Leka ho emeloa molemong oa batho. Sebaka sa Sebopeho sa Brain. 2010; 214: 551-561. [E fetotsoe]
66. Robbins TW. Ho fapanyetsana le ho emisa: Mekhabiso ea "Fronto-striatal substrates", modulello ea methapo ea kutlo le litlamorao tsa kliniki. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007; 362: 917-932. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
67. Dillon DG, Pizzagalli DA. Thibelo ea ketso, monahano, le maikutlo: Tlhahlobo e ikhethileng ea neurobiological. Appl Prev Psychol. 2007; 12: 99-114. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
68. Padmala S, Pessoa L. Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa kelello le tšusumetso nakong ea karabelo ea karabelo. Neuropsychologia. 2010; 48: 558-565. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
69. Grilo CM, Lozano C, Masheb RM. Morabe le ho khetha mehlala ho bothata ba ho ja: Basali ba batšo ba batlang kalafo ba na le litšobotsi tse fapaneng ho feta ba sa batleng. Int J Dis Disord. 2005; 38: 257-262. [E fetotsoe]
70. Pearson JM, Heilbrner SR, Barack DL, Hayden BY, Platt ML. Posterior cingulate cortex: Boitšoaro bo tloahelang ho bo fetohela lefats'eng le fetohang. Trends Cogn Sci. 2011; 15: 143-151. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
71. Jastreboff AM, Potenza MN, Lacadie C, Hong KA, Sherwin RS, Sinha R. index index ea mmele, lintlha tsa metabolic, le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso nakong ea khatello ea maikutlo le ho se nke lehlakore: Phuputso ea FMRI. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011; 36: 627-637. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
72. Jastreboff AM, Sinha R, Lacadie C, Hong KA, Sherwin RS, Potenza MN. Ho hanyetsa insulin ho batho ba batenya haholo ho ntlafatsa likarabo tsa corticolimbicstriatal mefuteng ea lijo tse lakatsehang. Tlhokomelo ea lefu la tsoekere. 2013; 36: 394-402. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
73. Gearhardt AN, Grilo CM, DiLeone RJ, Brownell KD, Potenza MN. Na lijo li ka lemalla? Bophelo bo botle sechabeng le litlamorao tsa melaoana. Ho lemalla. 2011; 106: 1208-1212. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]