Ho noa ho tlōla, ho tlola botenya, le ho ba le dopamine (2010)

ACS Chem Neurosci. May 19, 2010; 1 (5): 346-347.

E phatlalalitsoe online May 19, 2010. Doi:  10.1021 / cn100044y

PMCID: PMC3368677

Eya ho:

inahaneloang

Liphetho tse ncha ho likhoto li bonts'a hore ho fetella ka matla ho ka lebisang ho khaotseng ho potolohong ea moputso oa boko. Ho khahlisang, bofokoli bona bo tšoana le ba bokhoba ba lithethefatsi.

Dopamine ea neurotransmitter e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa potolohong ea moputso oa boko. Ho ja lithethefatsi tse lemalloang haholo tse kang koae ho baka keketseho ea litekanyetso tsa dopamine bokong ba maoto le matsoho ho kenyelletsa matla a boitšoaro bo amanang le ona (1). Boithuto ba morao-rao bo boetse bo fana ka leseli mabapi le karolo ea ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea ho fepa batho ba batenya. Haholo-holo, lithuto tsa positron emission tomography li bontšitse hore striatal dopamine D2 li-receptors li fokotseha ho batho ba batenya haholo ha ba bapisoa le D2 litefiso tse tsoang ho balekane ba bona ba leaner (2). Ntle le moo, ho boetse ho bontšitsoe hore batho ba batenya ho feta tekano ba tloaetse ho ja ho feta tekanyo bakeng sa maikutlo a bokhopo ba maikutlo bo ferekanyang (3). Khaello e makatsang ea lets'oao la dopamine le boetse le bonoe ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi. Hobane ho ja ho feta tekano ho boetse ho tsamaisoa ke thabo le ho qobelloa ho tsoela pele ho sa na le litlamorao tse mpe, joalo ka ho lemalla lithethefatsi, ho nahanoa hore e kenyelletsa dopamine neurotransmission. Leha ho le joalo, hore na ke mefokolo ena ho D2 receptor e tšoaeang botenya ba koloi kapa hore na batho ba batenya ho feta tekano ba na le bofokoli ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle ke potso.

Johnson le Kenny (4) qala ho utloisisa physiology ea ho ja ka thata ka ho ithuta boitšoaro ba likhoto ka phihlello ea lijo tsa mafura a mangata. Hona joale ba fumana hore potoloho ea moputso oa boko e kenyelletsang ho fetoleng ts'ebeliso e feteletseng e tšoana le potoloho e amanang le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (4).

Karolong ea pele ea liteko, likhoto tse batlang li lekana le boholo ba tsona li ile tsa lokisetsoa tšebetso ea moputso oa bongo. Ka bokhutšoanyane, li-elektrone tse susumetsang li ile tsa kenngoa ho hypothalami ea morao. Likhoto li ile tsa lumelloa ho hlaphoheloa lits'ebetsong tsa bongaka le maemong a motheo a ts'usumetso ea motlakase e hlokahalang bakeng sa likhoto ho fetolela lebili ho tlalehiloe. Tekanyo ea ho hlohlelletsa, kapa moputso o tsitsitseng oa moputso, e ne e batla e lekana bakeng sa likhoto tsohle. Ka mor'a moo, bangoli ba ile ba arola liphoofolo ka lihlopha tse tharo. Bakeng sa matsatsi a 40, sete ea pele ea likhoto e ne e na le phihlello ea laboratori e tloaelehileng; karolo ea bobeli e ne e khona ho fumana chow le nako e le 'ngoe ea ho ja lijo tse “tloaelo ea ho pheha lijo tse matlafatsang” tse kang bacon, soseji le likuku; karolo ea boraro e ne e atolositse mokhoa oa ho fumana lijo le mafura a mangata. Ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, likhoto tse nang le phihlello e kholo ea lijo tse nang le matla a mangata li ile tsa fumana boima bo habeli ho feta ba likhoto tse neng li khona ho fumana chowon kapa chow le lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata. Ntle le moo, likhoto tse nang le phihlello e kholo lijong tse matlafatso li hloka ho hlasimolla lebili, e leng letšoao la khaello ea moputso oa boko hape le amanang le mefuta ea bokhoba ba lithethefatsi.

Ka mor'a moo, bangoli ba ile ba ngola hore na ho nona ho feta tekano ho na le tšusumetso ho D2 maemo a receptor ho striatum. Ho etsa sena, bangoli ba pheta liteko tsa ho fepa ntle le ho kenyelletsa li-electrodes. Hape, likhoto li ile tsa aroloa ka lihlopha tse tharo tse neng li khona ho fumana chow feela, chow le ho fumana lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata, kapa chow le ho fihlella lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata. Kamora ho khetholoha ho tebileng ho boima ba 'mele lipakeng tsa likhoto tsa chow-feela le ho fihlella ho pharaletseng ho hlokometsoe, ba ile ba bolaoa e le hore ba hlahlobe maemo a D2 li-receptors metsing a li-striatal. Tlhahlobo ea immunoblot e senotse hore boima ba 'mele ba likhoto bo amana hantle le boemo ba D2 li-receptors. Ka mantsoe a mang, moferefere o matla, o theola letsoalo la D2 li-receptors striatum.

Ho theha khokahano lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo ea st2 li-receptors le moputso oa bokong, ka sehlopha se secha sa likhoto, bangoli ba sebelisitse veter ea vaerase e nang le phetoho e harelaneng ea moriri ea haufinyane ho koenya polelo ea mofuta. Likhoto tse nang le D2 litekanyetso tsa li-receptor kamora ho kokota li ile tsa eketsa litefiso tsa meputso tse tšoanang le boemo bo fumanoang litšoantšong lijong tse atolositsoeng tsa matla. Ho khahlisang, liphuputso tse ling tsa morao-rao li bonts'itse hore litoeba tse sa sebetseng hantle li fokolisitse D2/D3 maemo a receptor le ha ho se na tlhahiso ea litlhare (5). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ka etsahala hore ebe D e phahameng2 maemo a receptor a ka fana ka ts'ireletso khahlanong le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (2). Bothata bo sa arabeloang bo hlahang lithutong tsena ke hore na ho iketelletsa pele ho tlatselletsoa ho tšela lijo tse ngata ka ho fokotsa D2 maemo a receptor.

Letotong le leng la liteko, likhoto li ile tsa fuoa mokhoa oa ho ja lijong tse tharo 'me ka mor'a matsatsi a 40, li ne li le boemong ba ho lebella ho tsitsipana ha leoto ho tsamaeang le letšoao la leseli (4). Likhoto tse tsoang lihlopheng tsohle tse tharo le tsona li ile tsa lumelloa ho ja lijo tse nang le mafura ka nakoana. Likhoto tse nang le phihlello ea pejana kapa ho se khone ho fumana lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata hang ha li fuoa lijo tse fumanehang habonolo li ile tsa fanoa. Likhoto tsena li ile tsa emisa ho ja ha lets'oao la leseli le fihla. Leha ho le joalo, ho tšaba ho thothomela ka leoto ha hoa khona ho thibela ho fepa ka likhoto ka ho fihlella lijo tse fumanehang habonolo. Hape, ho ja ho feta tekano ho tšoana le ho itaola ka lithethefatsi hobane litlamorao tse mpe e ne e le litšitiso tse sa lekanang bakeng sa ho batla moputso.

Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphuputso tsena li pheha khang e matla ea ho nka karolo ha moputso oa khatello ea mali bokong. Khang ea karolo e tobileng boteng ba botenya ha e ea qobella. Joalo ka lithuto tsohle tsa boits'oaro tse entsoeng ho litoeba tsa laboratori, ho lokela ho sebelisoe tlhokomeliso e fetelletseng ho feteleng se hlokometsoeng ke batho. Ho batho, ketso ea ho ja e susumetsoa haholo ke maemo a bophelo, setso, le maikutlo a ka 'nang a se ke a bonoa ho liphoofolo tse ling (esita le lithutong tse ling). Ho feta moo, boits'oaro bo bobebe bo rarahane ho feta bo amanang le taolo ea lithethefatsi. Mohlala, ho ja sandwich ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse ngata tsa ho kenella ha maikutlo ka tsela eo heroin e sa keneng. Ntle le moo, lithethefatsi li kenya tšebetsong potoloho ea moputso oa boko ka ho kenella ka kotloloho ho li-receptor, ha lijo li etsa joalo ka tsela e sa tobang ka lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tse kang lihormone, li-opioid le cannabinoids. Ho bohlokoa hape ho hopola hore potoloho ea moputso oa boko ha se potoloho feela e amehang boits'ebetsong ba ho ja; lipotoloho tse ling tse kang ho ithuta le ho susumetsa li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fepa le (2). Kamora nako, ho na le lintlha tse ngata tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le metabolism tse etsang hore motho a natefeloe ke matla a ho feta le ho susumetsa boiphihlelo ba ho ba batenya. Haholo-holo, lipatlisiso tse ngata lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng li shebile ho leptin le ghrelin, lihormone tse susumetsang takatso ea lijo. Hoa tsebahala hore leptin e susumetsa ts'ebetso ea boikoetliso le boits'oaro ba ho ja (6). How leptin signing in the hypothalamus and striatal D2 li-receptor signaling li hokahanngoa bakeng sa taolo ea matla homeostasis e hloka ho ithutoa hape (7).

Leha ho le joalo, ho hlaha lipotso tse khahlisang. Na ho na le khokahano e tobileng pakeng tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le tšebeliso e feteletseng ea tahi? Na ho na le motho ea ka nkuoang e le sesosa sa tse tlang pele ho tse ling setsing sa bophelo? 'Me qetellong, na lingaka tse sebetsanang le litlhare tse loantšang ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi li ka sebetsa hantle bakeng sa ho phekola ho ja ho tlola tekano? Ha ho pelaelo hore, lithuto li tla haha ​​tsebong ea hona joale ho fana ka setšoantšo se hlakileng haholoanyane.

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