Mekhoa ea boko bo sebetsanang le boko bo khetholla boima bo tloaelehileng ho tsoa lihloohong tse feteletseng (2015)

Eya ho:

inahaneloang

Background

Liphetoho ka karolo ea hedonic ea mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa e 'nile ea ameha e le ntho e ka' nang ea beha kotsi kotsing ea batho ba nang le boima bo feteletseng le ba mafura haholoanyane. Bopaki bo nang le maikutlo a tsoang ho batho ba nang le tlhahiso ea 'mele e ntseng e eketseha bo fana ka liphetoho tse sebetsang, tse sebetsang le tse nang le methapo ea meriana ka marang-rang a marang-rang le marang-rang a amanang.

Sepheo sa

Ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea mohlala ea multivariate ho khetholla boima bo tloaelehileng le litaba tse feteletseng ho latela litekanyo tse bohlooho le tse tšoeu.

mekhoa

Litšoantšo tsa mohaho (N = 120, boima bo feteletseng N = 63) le lits'oants'o tsa litšoantšo tsa tensor (DTI) (N = 60, boima bo feteletseng N = 30) li fumanoe ho tsoa taolong ea bophelo bo botle. Bakeng sa sampole e felletseng lilemo tse bolelang sehlopha se nang le boima bo feteletseng (basali = 32, banna = 31) e ne e le lilemo tse 28.77 (SD = 9.76) mme bakeng sa sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa boima (basali = 32, banna = 25) e ne e le lilemo tse 27.13 (SD = 9.62) ). Karolo ea lebatooa le ho aroloa ha litšoantšo tsa boko li ne li etsoa ho sebelisoa Freesurfer. Deterministic tractography e ile ea etsoa ho lekanya boholo ba fiber e tloaelehileng lipakeng tsa libaka. Mokhoa oa ho sekaseka mekhoa e mengata o sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba hore na mehato ea boko e ka khetholla boima bo feteletseng ho batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima.

Results

1. Tlhaloso e hloekileng: Sebopeho sa algorithm, se thehiloeng lipontšo tsa 2 le likamano tsa 17 tsa libaka, li finyelletse 97% ho nepahala ha ho khetholla batho ba bangata ho feta boima ba batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima. Bakeng sa matšoao a boko bobeli, khokahanyo e kholoanyane ha e kentsoe ka ho eketseha ha litebelisoa tsa fiber e ne e bonoa ka ho feta tekanyo ea boima ho bapisoa le boima bo tloaelehileng pakeng tsa libaka tsa marang-rang ea meputso le libaka tsa taolo ea batsamaisi, ho tsosoa maikutlong le marang-rang a mangata. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mokhoa o fapaneng (o fokotsehile) o fumanoe pakeng tsa li-prefrontal cortex le li-insula tse ka hare, le pakeng tsa thalamus le li-network control. 2. Boitsebiso ba mekhoa e mekhoa: Sebopeho sa algorithm, se thehiloeng lipontšo tsa 2 le likarolo tsa 42 morphological, se finyelletse 69% ho nepahala ha ho khetholla boima ba 'mele ho tloha boima bo tloaelehileng. Ka lipontšo tsa boko ka bobeli libakeng tsa moputso, botsitso, taolo ea batsamaisi le marang-rang a tsosang maikutlo a maikutlo a ne a amahanngoa le tlaase litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro ho batho ba feteletseng ho bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima, ha mokhoa o fapaneng o ne o bonoa bakeng sa libaka tsa marang-rang a mangata.

Nahanisisa

1. Ho eketseha ha BMI (ke hore, litlhoko tse feteletseng) ho amahanngoa le liphetoho tse fapaneng tsa bohlooho le boleng ba sebete boko. 2. Mekhabiso ea maano-a-laotsoe a thehiloeng ho bohloeki-taba e amanang le libaka tsa moputso le metsoalle e amanang le eona e ka khetholla lipakane tse khethehileng bakeng sa lithuto tsa mekhatlo le nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi nakong e tlang e itšetlehileng ka boits'oaro bo sa tloaelehang le boima bo feteletseng.

Keywords: Boima bo botenya, ho feta boima ba 'mele, Morphological gray-matter, Khokahanyo ea lihlooho tse hloekileng, Mecha ea moputso, Tlhaloso ea Multivariate, Sebopeho sa algorithm
Likhaloso: HC, taolo e nepahetseng; BMI, setšoantšo sa 'mele oa boima; BA NE ba na le matšoenyeho a sepetlele le ho tepella maikutlo; TR, nako ea pheta-pheta; TE, echo nako; FA, flip angle; GLM, mohlala o tloaelehileng o tloaelehileng; DWI, mefuta-futa ea MRIs e fapaneng; FOV, tšimo ea pono; GMV, taba e bohlooho boholo; SA, sebaka sa libaka; CT, botenya ba cortical; MC, e bohareng bo bolelang; DTI, ho fapana ho fapanyetsana litšoantšo; 'NETE, tšebetso ea fiber ka ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele; SPSS, liphutheloana tsa lipalo tsa li-social sciences; ANOVA, ho hlahloba phapang; FDR, tekanyo ea boitsebiso ba bohata; sPLS-DA, likarolo tse fokolang tse seng kae tsa khethollo bakeng sa khethollo; VIP, bohlokoa bo fapaneng ka morero; PPV, boleng bo nepahetseng ba ho bolela; NPV, boleng bo ke keng ba lekanngoa; VTA, sebaka sa ventral tegmental; OFG, orbitofrontal gyrus; PPC, porietal cortex ea morao-rao; dlPFC, mokotlana oa li-prefrontal cortex; vmPFC, li-ventromedial prefrontal cortex; aMCC, pele ho bohareng ba bohareng ba bo-cingulate cortex; sgACC, subgenual anterior ka ho fetisisa cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex

1.0. Selelekela

Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o hakanya hore batho ba baholo ba ka bang halofo ea limilione tse sekete ba ba mafura haholo 'me batho ba baholo ba feta makhetlo a fetang a mabeli, ba tlatsetsa ho mafu a kang lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo le lefu la kankere,' me ba baka bonyane batho ba limilione ba 2.8 selemo le selemo (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO), 2014). Ho Amerika feela, ho fihlela ho 34.9% batho ba baholo ba feta 'me batho ba baholo ba habeli (65%) ke boima bo feteletseng kapa bo feteletseng (Setsi sa Tlhokomelo ea Maloetse (CDC), 2014). Moroalo oa moruo le bophelo bo botle ba ho feta ho feta boima ba 'mele le o feteletseng o ntse o tsoela pele ho phahamisa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho feta $ 78.5 (Finkelstein et al., 2009), 'me li ntse li sebelisoa ka libilione tsa liranta ka litsela tse sa sebetseng tsa phekolo le mekhoa e meng ea phekolo (Loveman et al., 2011; Terranova et al., 2012). Ho sa tsotellehe boiteko bo sa tšoaneng bo lebiselitsoeng ho khetholla pathophysiology e ka sehloohong ea ho feta tekano le botenya, kutloisiso ea hona joale ha e na ho lekaneng.

Bobeli ba tikoloho le liphatsa tsa lefutso li tlatsetsa ho nts'etsopele ea batho ho ba boima bo feteletseng le bo bobebe (Calton le Vaisse, 2009; Choquet le Meyre, 2011; Dubois et al., 2012; El-Sayed Moustafa le Froguel, 2013). Liphuputso tsa morao-rao tsa mahlaseli li bontšitse hore index e phahameng ea 'mele (BMI) e amahanngoa le liphetoho ho sebetsa (mosebetsi le ho phomola) (Connolly et al., 2013; Garcia-Garcia et al., 2013; Kilpatrick et al., 2014; Kullmann et al., 2012), morphometry (grey-matter)Kurth et al., 2013; Raji le al., 2010), le matlotlo a tšoeu (Shott et al., 2014; Stanek et al., 2011), ho fana ka maikutlo a hore karolo e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng ea boko ka pathophysiology ea ho feta tekano le botenya (Das, 2010). Liphuputso tsena li na le mathata a mangata a marang-rang a marang-rang (Kenny, 2011; Volkow et al., 2004; Volkow et al., 2008; Volkow et al., 2011), le tse tharo tse amanang haufi-ufi tse amanang le botumo (Garcia-Garcia et al., 2013; Morrow et al., 2011; Seeley et al., 2007a), taolo ea batsamaisi (Seeley et al., 2007b), le ho tsosoa maikutlong (Menon le Uddin, 2010; Zald, 2003) (Feie. 1).

Feie. 1 

Libaka tsa marang-rang a marang-rang le marang-rang a amanang. 1. Inthanete ea moputso: hypothalamus, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), nucleus accumbens, putamen, sebaka sa ventral tegmental (VTA), tse ling tsa nigra, li-midbrain libakeng (caudate, pallidum, hippocampus). 2. Botšepehi ...

Thuto ea morao-rao e ikemiselitse ho hlahloba khopolo-taba ea hore litšebelisano pakeng tsa libaka tsena tsa marang-rang li fapane pakeng tsa batho ba fetang boima ba 'mele ha li bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima ba' mele, 'me re sebelisitse mokhoa o moholo oa ho hlahloba litlaleho tsa lisebelisuoa tsa boemo bo botle, ho bonts'a maikutlo le ho hlahloba mokhoa oa ho etsa liteko khopolo-taba ena. Ho fumaneha ha liphala tsa lipompane tse sebetsang ka mokhoa o sebetsang hantle le tse nang le boitsebiso bo eketsehileng ho lumella hore ho be le boikutlo bo pharaletseng ba morphological le ea tlhaho ea boko ho batho ba nang le li-BMI tse phahameng ho bapisoa le batho ba nang le boima bo tloaelehileng. Tlhaloso ea lihlopha tsa Multivariate e fana ka mekhoa ea ho hlahloba mokhoa oa ho aroloa oa libaka tse khethollang boima ba 'mele ho bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima.

Phuputsong ena, algorithme ea thuto e hlophisitsoeng e sebelisetsoa mekhoa ea boko ba morphometry le boitsebiso bo bong bo tšoeu ba bokooa (tekanyo ea khokahanyo pakeng tsa libaka tse ling tsa boko) ho leka khopolo ea hore boemo bo feteletseng bo amana le mekhoa e fapaneng kapa lipontšo tsa bokooa tse nang le libaka tsa moputso, sebete, taolo ea batsamaisi, le marang-rang a tsosang maikutlo maikutlong. Liphello li bonts'a hore khokahanyo ea libaka, le ho fokolloa ke bokhoni ba brain, e ka sebelisoa ho khetholla ho feta boima bo bongata ho bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima. Liphetho li fana ka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng e thehiloeng ho litšoantšo tse ngata tsa boko le ho khetholla lipakane tse tobileng bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng tsa mechine.

2.0. Mekhoa

2.1. Barupeluoa

Sampula eohle e ne e entsoe ka baithaopi ba XLUMX ba nang le matsoho a nepahetseng (HC) ba ngolisitseng lithuto tsa boipheliso setsing sa "Neurobiology" sa khatello ea kelello pakeng tsa 120 le 2010. Lihlooho li ile tsa ngolisoa ka lipapatso tse ngotsoeng motseng oa UCLA le oa Los Angeles. Litekanyetso tsohle li lumellana le melao-motheo ea Phatlalatso ea Helsinki 'me li amoheloa ke Boto ea Tlhahlobo ea Institutional UCLA (linomoro tsa tumello 2014-11 le 000069-12). Lihlooho tsohle li fanoe ka tumello e tsebisitsoeng. Lihlopha tsohle li ne li hlophisoa li phela hantle ka morao tleleniking ea meriana e kenyeletsang ho fetola Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus 001802 (Sheehan et al., 1998). Mekhoa ea ho qheleloa ka thoko e kenyelletsa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, bokhachane, ts'ebeliso ea koae, ho buuoa ka mpeng, lisosa tsa kotsi ea methapo, ho buuoa ke boima ba 'mele, boikoetliso bo fetelletseng (nako e fetang 1 h letsatsi le letsatsi le limathi tsa marathone) kapa bokuli ba kelello. Le ha hangata e amahanngoa le ho eketseha ha BMI, bafo ba nang le khatello ea kelello e phahameng, lefu la tsoekere kapa lefu la metabolic ba ile ba qheleloa ka thoko ho fokotsa ho se ts'oane ha sechaba. Hape, lithuto tse nang le mathata a ho ja, ho kenyeletsoa mathata a ho sila lijo kapa a ho ja joalo ka anorexia kapa bulimia nervosa le tsona li ile tsa qheleloa ka thoko ka lona lebaka leo. Le ha BMI = 25-29.9 e nkuoa e le boima bo feteletseng, thutong ea rona e ile ea khetholloa e le sehlopha se phahameng sa BMI. Litaba tse tloaelehileng tsa boima ba 'mele li ile tsa hiroa ho BMI <25,' me thutong ea rona ea tsebahala e le sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa BMI. Ha ho na lithuto tse fetang 400 lb ka lebaka la meeli ea boima ba 'mele ea MRI.

2.2. Litšobotsi tsa mehlala

Li-questionnaires tse tiisitsoeng li ile tsa phethoa pele li hlahlojoa 'me li sebelisetsoa ho lekanya matšoenyeho a hona joale le matšoao a ho tepella maikutlo (Matšoenyeho a Sepetlele le ho Tepella Maikutlo (HAD)) (Zigmond le Snaith, 1983). Tlhahlobo ea HAD ke tekanyo ea boitlhahlobo ea 14-ntlha e lekanyang matšoenyeho a hona joale le matšoao a ho tepella maikutlo litabeng tsa motheo (Zigmond le Snaith, 1983). Ho phaella moo, lihlooho tsena li ne li kile tsa e-ba le puisano e hlophisitsoeng ea mafu a kelello (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, MINI) ho lekanya maloetse a fetileng kapa a hona joale a mafu a kelello (Sheehan et al., 1998).

2.3. fMRI ho fumana

2.3.1. MRI ea mohaho (ea bohlooho)

Lihlooho (N = 120, BMI e phahameng N = 63) li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho 3.0 Tesla Siemens TRIO kamora hore scout ea sagittal e sebelisoe ho beha hlooho. Litekanyetso tsa meaho li fumanoe ho tsoa ho tatellano e fapaneng ea 4 ea ho fumana thepa ka mokhoa o phahameng oa 3-dimensional T1-weighted, sagittal magnetization-e hlophisitsoeng ka potlako gradient echo (MP-RAGE) protocol le lintlha tsa skena ke: 1. Nako ea ho pheta-pheta (TR) = 2200 ms, nako ea echo (TE) = 3.26 ms, flip angle (FA) = 9, 1 mm3 boholo ba voxel. TR = 2 ms, TE = 2200 ms, FA = 3.26, 20 limilimithara3 boholo ba voxel. TR = 3 ms, TE = 20 ms, FA = 3, 25 limilimithara3 boholo ba voxel. TR = 4 ms, TE = 2300 ms, FA = 2.85, 9 limilimithara3 boholo ba voxel. Tšusumetso ea ho fumana protocol e fapaneng ka bothata ba bothata bo botle bo bongata (TGMV) e ile ea hlahlojoa. Ka ho khetheha mohlala o motlakase (GLM) o ne o sebelisetsoa ho khetholla tšusumetso ea protocol ho laola TGMV bakeng sa lilemo. Liphetho li bonts'a hore melaetsa eohle e ne e sa tšoane (F(3) = 6.333, p = .053).

2.3.2. MRI e kopanyang (e tšoeu)

Sehlopha sa setšoantšo sa pele (N = 60, BMI e phahameng N = 30) e ile ea e-ba le li-MRIs (DWIs) tse boima ho latela liprothokho tse peli tse ka bapisoang tsa ho fumana thepa. Ka ho khetheha, li-DWIs li fumanoe ka litsela tse 61 kapa tse 64 tseo e seng tsa coline ka b = 1000 s / mm2, le 8 kapa 1 b = 0 s / mm2 litšoantšo, ka ho latellana. Litsamaiso tsena ka bobeli li ne li na le TR = 9400 ms, TE = 83 ms, le lebala la pono (FOV) = 256 mm le matrix ea ho fumana ea 128 × 128, le botenya ba sethala sa 2 mm ho hlahisa 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 li-voxels tsa isotropic.

2.4. phetoho ea fMRI

2.4.1. Karolo ea mohaho (taba ea bohlooho) le ho tsamaisoa

Karolo ea T1 ea setšoantšo le ho tsamaisoa ha libaka ho ile ha etsoa ka FreeSurfer (Dale et al., 1999; Fischl et al., 1999, 2002) ka mor'a khethollo e hlalositsoeng ho eona Destrieux et al. (2010). Bakeng sa ntlo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea cerebral hemisphere, seteishene sa 74 tse peli tsa cortical se ne se ngotsoe ho phaella ho mehaho ea 7 e entsoeng ka tlaase ho eona le cerebellum. Karolo ea likarolo tse hlahang ho mohlala oa mohlala o bontšoa Feie. 2K. Moaho o mong oa bohareng ba bo-midline (boko ba boko bo kenyelletsang likarolo tsa midbrain e kang sebaka sa ventral tegmental [VTA] le substantia nigra) hape se kenyelelitsoe, bakeng sa setšoantšo se feletseng sa likhetho tsa 165 bakeng sa boko bohle. Mekhahlelo e mene ea morphological measure e ne e lekanngoa bakeng sa mongolo o mong le o mong oa likorale: taba ea bohlooho bo bongata (GMV), holim'a metsi (SA), botenya ba cortical (CT), le sekhahla se bolelang (MC). Lisebelisuoa tsa ho sebetsa ha data li ne li etselitsoe le ho kenngoa ts'ebetsong Setsing sa Lipalangoang sa Neuroimaging (LONI) (http://pipeline.loni.usc.edu).

Feie. 2 

A. Litho tsa mekhahlelo le lipatlisiso le liphello tsa B. tse tšoeu tsa fiber tse amanang le likhetho tsa moralo ho tloha mohloling oa mohlala. A: Sehlopha sa moralo. B: Sehlopha se hloekileng.

2.4.2. Puo e nang le tlhaho (tšoeu)

Litšoantšo tse lekanngoeng tse fapaneng (DWI) li ile tsa lokisoa bakeng sa ho tsamaea 'me li sebelisetsoa ho lekanya bahlaseli ba fapaneng ba neng ba khutliselitsoe bocha ka voxel ka' ngoe. Litšoantšo tse hlahisang litšoantšo li ne li thehiloe ho latela litlhaloso tsa trilinear tsa masenke a fetoletsoeng ke lifate joalokaha ho hlalositsoe Chiang et al. (Chiang et al., 2011) 'me ea hlophisoa bocha ho rarolla voxel ea isotropic (2 × 2 × 2 mm3). Lisebelisuoa tsa ho sebetsa ha data li sebelisitsoe ka mokhoa oa LIPI.

Tlhaloso e tšoeu ea taba bakeng sa taba ka 'ngoe e ne e hakanngoa pakeng tsa libaka tsa bokooa tsa 165 tse khetholloang litšoantšong (Setšoantšo sa 2B) sebelisa DTI fiber tractography. Tractography e ne e etsoa ka seabo sa Fiber ka Continuous Tracking (FACT) algorithm (Mori et al., 1999) ho sebelisa TrackVis (http://trackvis.org) (Irimia et al., 2012). Tekanyo ea ho qetela ea ho kopana ha taba e tšoeu pakeng tsa libaka tsohle tsa boko e ne e khethiloe ho latela palo ea lipampitšana tse fapanyetsanang sebakeng se seng le se seng, e tloaelehileng ka palo ea lipampitšana ka har'a boko bohle. Boitsebiso bona bo ile ba sebelisoa bakeng sa lihlopha tse latelang.

2.5. Likarolo tse fokolang tse fokolang - tlhahlobo ea khethollo (sPLS-DA)

E le hore u tsebe hore na boitsebiso ba boko bo ka sebelisoa ho bolela esale pele boemo bo phahameng ba BMI (boima bo fetisisang le boima bo tloaelehileng) re sebelitse sPLS-DA. sPLS-DA ke mofuta oa khatello ea PLS e fokolang empa phapang e arabelang ke karolo, e bontšang litho tsa sehlopha (Lê Cao, 2008a; Lê Cao et al., 2009b, 2011). SPLS-DA e 'nile ea bontšoa e le e atlehang ka ho khetheha ka palo e kholo ea li-predictors, boholo ba litekanyo tse nyane, le likamano tse phahameng har'a li-predictors (Lê Cao, 2008a; Lê Cao et al., 2009b, 2011). sPLS e phahamisa mohlala oa covariance pakeng tsa mehato ea boko le phapang ea sehlopha ho fapana. SPLS ka nako e le 'ngoe e etsa khetho le mefuta e sa tšoaneng e sebelisoang ho sebelisoa lasso (Lê Cao et al., 2009a). SPLS-DA e sebetsa ka mohaho o laoloang o etsang lihlopha tse lekaneng tsa li-predictor tse thehiloeng ho litho tsa sehlopha. sPLS-DA e fokotsa boleng ba data ka ho fumana likarolo tse ling tsa metsoako e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e nang le likarolo tse itseng tsa likarolo kapa mefuta-futa. Likaroloana tsa tsona li bitsoa matsoho a boko. Mofuta o mong le o mong o nang le boitsebiso ba boko bo na le "loading" e amanang le 'ona, e leng tekanyo ea bohlokoa ba mefuta e meng ea khethollo ho lihlopha tse peli (Lê Cao et al., 2008b). Ho phaella moo, Bohlokoa ba Bohlokoa ba ho Projection (VIP) bo ile ba baloa e le hore ba lekanyetse bohlokoa ba moelelo ka mong o sebelisitsoeng mothating oa PLS. Palo ea VIP ke palo e lekaneng ea li-loadings, e nahanang ka phapang e hlalositsoeng ea mongolo ka mong. Litekanyo tse ngata tsa scored VIP li lekane le 1. Li-predictors tse nang le li-coefficients tsa VIP tse fetang tse le 'ngoe li nkoa e le tsa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa sebopeho (Lê Cao et al., 2008b).

2.5.1. Ntšetso-pele ea mohlala oa ho bolela esale pele

Palo ea lipontšo tsa boko bakeng sa tlhahlobo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e fanoe ka bobeli (Lê Cao et al., 2008b). A tlhahlobo ea botsitso e ne e sebelisetsoa ho fumana hore na ho na le libaka tse kae tse sebetsang tsa bokooa bakeng sa mongolo o mong le o mong oa boko (Lê Cao et al., 2011). Ntho ea pele, sPLS-DA e sebelisoa ka har'a mefuta-futa ea mefuta-futa, 5-200, e lokelang ho khethoa bakeng sa lipontšo tse peli tsa boko. Bakeng sa sebopeho se seng le se seng sa palo ea mefuta-futa eo u ka e khethang, 10-cross-validation e pheta linako tse ling tsa 100 e etsoa. Tsamaiso ena ea ho netefatsa sefapano e arola boitsebiso ba koetliso ho 10 folds kapa subsamples tsa data (n = Lihlopha tse 12 tsa liteko). Subample e le 'ngoe e behelloa ka thoko joalo ka tlhaiso-leseling mme liteko tse setseng li sebelisetsoa ho koetlisa mohlala. Ho tsitsa ha mefuta-futa ho khethoa ka ho bala palo ea makhetlo a fapaneng a khethiloeng a khethiloeng hohle maemong a netefatso ea sefapano. Ke mefuta e fapaneng ea boko e nang le botsitso bo fetang ba 80% e sebelisitsoeng ho etsa mofuta oa hoqetela.

2.6. Lipatlisiso tsa sethathamo

2.6.1. Likarolo tse fokolang tse fokolang - tlhahlobo ea khethollo (sPLS-DA)

SPLS-DA e ne e etsoa ka mokhoa oa R o kopanyang oMics (http://www.R-project.org). Re ile ra hlahloba matla a ho nahana ka bokhoni ba bokhoni ba boko bo bitsoang morphometry le DTI. Ho phaella boemong ba boko ba morphometry kapa sebopeho sa metsoako ea litsebi, lilemo le GMV kaofela li kenyelelitsoe ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Bakeng sa ditaba tsa morphological e fumanoeng, mehato ea GMV, SA, CT, le MC e ne e kenngoa ka mohlala. Bakeng sa dTI e nang le litlhaloso tse fanoeng, ho latela litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa matrices pakeng tsa libaka tsa 165 li fetotsoe ho matrices a 1 a nang le li-connectivité tse ikhethang tsa 13,530 (triangle e ka holimo ho tloha mathateng a pele). Li-matrices tsena li ne li lumellana ka litaba tsohle ebe li kenngoa ka sPLS-DA. E le mohato o qalang oa ho fokotsa lits'ebeletso, litlhahlobo tse haufi le mefuta e sa tšoaneng li ile tsa theoha 'me sena se fella ka ho kopanya ha 369. Lipontšo tsa boko li ne li khutsuoa ka ho kenya mefuta e sa tšoaneng ka litekanyo tsa motho ka mong le li-coefficients tsa VIP. Re boetse re sebelisa lipapatso tse bontšang khethollo ea maqheka (Lê Cao et al., 2011). Bokhoni ba ho qetela ba mechine ea ho qetela bo ile ba hlahlojoa ka ho tlohela ho tlosoa ha molao. Re boetse re bala mehato e sa tloaelehang ea likarolo: ts'ebetso, botumo, botle bo nepahetseng (PPV) le phaello e sa nepahaleng (NPV). Mona, kutloisiso e kenyelletsa matla a sebopeho sa algorithm ho khetholla ka mokhoa o nepahetseng batho ba fetang boima ka ho fetisisa. Tsela e totobetseng e bonts'itse bokhoni ba mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho etsa hore ho be le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima. PPV e bonts'a palo ea sampula e bontšang ho saena ka ho khetheha boko bo feteletseng ho tloha ho khethollo ea lihlopha le bao ka sebele e leng boima ba 'mele (e ntle). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, NPV ke monyetla oa hore haeba sephetho sa liteko se fosahetse, ke hore, ea kenang letsoho ha a na sesepa sa bokooa bo itseng bo feteletseng (se fosahetseng).

2.6.2. Litšobotsi tsa mehlala

Lipatlisiso tsa statistical li ne li etsoa ka sesebelisoa sa Statistical Package bakeng sa software ea Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 19). Ho se tšoane ha lihlopha likarolong tsa boitšoaro ho ile ha hlahlojoa ka ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea variance (ANOVA). Bohlokoa bo ne bo nkoa ho p <.05 e sa nepahala.

3.0. Liphetho

3.1. Litšobotsi tsa mehlala

Sampula eohle (N = 120) e kenyelelitse batho ba 63 ba nonneng haholo (basali = 32, banna = 31), lilemo tse bolelang = lilemo tse 28.77, SD = 9.76, le batho ba 57 ba boima bo tloaelehileng (basali = 32, banna = 25), ba bolela lilemo = lilemo tse 27.13, SD = 9.62. Leha sehlopha se nonneng se ne se tloaetse ho ba le matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo, ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo ea sehlopha (F = .642, p = .425; F = .001, p = .980). Litšobotsi tsa bongaka tsa sampole li khutsufalitsoe ho Lethathamo 1.

Lethathamo 1 

Litšobotsi tsa mehlala.

3.2. Tlhahlobo ea Multivariate e sebelisa sPLS-DA

3.2.1. Tlhaloso ea tlhahiso-pele ea tlhaho (e tšoeu) e thehiloeng boemong bo botle

Re ile ra hlahloba hore na bokooa bo tšoeu bo ka sebelisoa joang ho khetholla batho ba fetang boima ba 'mele ho batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima ba' mele. Feie. 3E tšoantšetsa batho ba bang ho tloha ho sampuli e emetsoeng kamanong ea lipontšo tse peli tsa boko le ho bontsa bokhoni ba khethollo ea lihlopha tse tšoeu tsa litaba. Litekanyo tsa mekhahlelo ea li-binary li ile tsa baloa 'me tsa bontšoa ka kutloisiso ea 97%, e khethehileng ea 87%, PPV ea 88%, le NPV ea 96%. Lethathamo 2 e na le lenane la likamano tse tsitsitseng tse nang le litšoaneleho tse nang le khethollo ea boko le likarolo tse sa tšoaneng le li-coefficients tsa VIP.

Feie. 3 

A. Classifier e thehiloe ho fereji ea matla (fere-taba). B. Classifier e itšetlehileng ka morphology ea bohlooho. A: E bonahatsa bokhoni ba khethollo ea sebopeho sa fiber (white-matter). B: E bonahatsa bokhoni ba khethollo ea lihlopha tsa bohlooho. ...
Lethathamo 2 

Lethathamo la likamano tsa li-anatomical tse nang le mongolo o mong le o mong oa bokooa oa khethollo.

3.2.2. Tlhaloso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thehiloeng boko 1

Kopo ea pele ea boko e ikarabella bakeng sa 63% ea phapang. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke coefficients ea VIP, mefuta e fapaneng ea tharollo e hlalosang phapang e fapaneng e kenyelelitsoe 1) likopano pakeng tsa libaka tsa marang-rang a marang-rang (putamen, pallidum, boitsebiso ba bokooa [ho akarelletsa libaka tsa mahareng tse kang VTA le substantia nigra]) le libaka tsa mookameli ho laola (precuneus e leng karolo ea posterior parietal cortex), sebete (insula ea ka hare), tsoho ea maikutlo (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) le marang-rang a mangata (postcentral gyrus); 2) libaka tsa marang-rang a tsosang takatso ea mofuthu (li-cortex tse ka hare ho naha, li-ventromedial prefrontal cortex) le libaka tsa botumo (insula e ka hare) le li-somatosensory (marang-rang a mahlakoreng a kenyeletsang marang-rang a motlakase); le 3) thalamus e nang le gyrus e bohareng ba occipital le thalamus e nang le sebaka sa ho laola marang-rang (dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex).

Ha ho bapisoa le sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa boima, sehlopha se nang le boima ba 'mele se bontšitse ho hokahanya ho eketsehileng ho tloha libakeng tsa marang-rang a fanang ka moputso (putamen, pallidum, brainstem) ho network management executive (posterior parietal cortex), le ho tloha setamen ho karolo e thibelang marang-rang ( sephahla sa prefrontal cortex) le libakeng tsa marang-rang a mangata (postcentral gyrus le posture insula). Tšebelisano e tlaase e ile ea fumanoa sehlopheng se feteletseng ho libaka ho tloha mofuteng oa maikutlo a tsosang maikutlo (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) ho ea ho marang-rang a nang le botsitso (insula ea ka hare), empa ho hokahanya ho eketsehileng ho sehlopha se feteletseng ho tloha libakeng tse tsoang mofuteng oa maikutlo a tsosang maikutlo (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) ho ea networking e seng e sa fumanehe (post insula). Tšebelisano e tlase e ne e boetse e boleloa ka sehlopha se fetisisang ho feta ho tloha ho somatosensory (paracentral lobule) ho ea hare ho midcingulate cortex empa ho hokahanngoa ho holimo ho tloha holong ho tloha ho ea holimo ho ea ho sephara sa marang-rang (karolo ea marangrang a somatosensory). Ha re sheba li-thalamic tse ling, ho ne ho e-na le puisano e fokolang ho tloha thalamus ho ea ho ea morao-rao-prefrontal cortex (executive control network) le ho gyrus e bohareng ba batho ba feteletseng ho bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima.

3.2.3. Tlhaloso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thehiloeng boko 2

Boitsebiso bo bobeli ba boko ba boko bo fumanoeng bo tlalehiloe ka 12% e eketsehileng ea phapang ea data. Liphetoho tse tlatsetsang ho fapana haholo ho khethollo ea sehlopha joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke coefficient ea VIP e kenyelelitse likhokahano libakeng tsa moputso (putamen, orbital sulci eo e leng karolo ea gyrus ea pele, le bokhoni ba kelello) le ho tsosa maikutlo (gyrus rectus eo e leng moeli karolo ea li-network prefromal cortex).

Batho ba feteletseng haholo ha ba bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima ba 'mele, ho ne ho e-na le puisano e kholo pakeng tsa libaka tsa marang-rang (brain and putamen) ho bobeli ba tsamaiso (dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex) le karolo e thibelang maikutlo ea ho tsosa maikutlo (ventromedial prefrontal cortex). Leha ho le joalo, ho hokahana pakeng tsa occipital le gyrus (frontline gyrus) e fokolang e ne e le tlaase ho batho ba fetang boima ba 'mele ho bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima.

3.2.4. Morphometric gray-matter based classification

Re ile ra hlahloba hore na brain morphometry (taba e bohlooho, bokaholimo, mahlaseli a cortical, le sekheo se bolelang) se ka sebelisetsoa ho khetholla batho ba boima bo fetang boima ho batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima. Feie. 3B e hlahisa batho ka boeena ba emetsoeng kamanong ea lipontšo tse peli tsa boko le ho bontša bokhoni ba khethollo ea morphometric classifier. Litekanyo tsa mekhahlelo ea li-binary li ile tsa baloa 'me tsa bontšoa ka kutloisiso ea 69%, e khethehileng ea 63%, PPV ea 66%, le NPV ea 66%. Lethathamo 3 e na le lenane la mehato ea morphometric e nang le khethollo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe hammoho le litefiso tse sa tšoaneng le li-coefficients tsa VIP.

Lethathamo 3 

Setsi sa morphometry sa libaka tse nang le mongolo o mong le o mong oa boko.

3.2.5. Sebopeho sa bokhoni bo sebetsanang le boko ba 1

Boitsebiso ba pele ba boko bo hlalositse 23% ea ho fetoha ha data morphometric phenotype. Joalokaha li bonngoe ke li-coefficients tsa VIP, mefuta e fapaneng e etsang phapang ka ho fetisisa ho saenneng e kenyeletsa libaka tsa moputso (lihlopha tsa li-orbital frontal gyrus), sebete (insula ea ka hare), taolo ea batsamaisi (dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex), tsoho ea maikutlo (ventromedial prefrontal cortex ) le seatosensory (scentral precentral sulcus, supramarginal gyrus, subcentral sulcus, marang-rang a holimo ka holimo). Li-coefficients tse phahameng tsa VIP li ne li boetse li hlokomeloa bakeng sa gyrus e ka pele-pele le sulcus, gyrus ea nakoana e phahameng, frontopolar gyri, le gyrus ea nakoana e sa fetoheng. Libaka tsa moputso, botšepehi, taolo ea batsamaisi le marang-rang a tsosang maikutlo a maikutlo a ne a amahanngoa le tlaase litekanyetso tsa batho ba feteletseng haholo ha li bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima. Hape, batho ba feteletseng haholo ha ba bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima e kholoanyane litekanyetso libakeng tsa marang-rang a mangata. Morphometry ea libaka tse ka pele le tsa nakoana (e phahameng tempor gyrus, le anterior transverse temporal gyrus) li ne li boetse li amahanngoa le tlaase litekanyetso tsa batho ba feteletseng haholo ha li bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima.

3.2.6. Sebopeho sa bokhoni bo sebetsanang le boko ba 2

Ea bobeli ea morphological signature signature e hlalositse 32% ea phapang. Li-coefficients tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa li ne li tšoana le li-coefficients tsa VIP tse fumanoang boitsong ba bokooa 1 kahobane li kenyelelitse libaka tsa moputso (caudate), sebete (insula ea ka hare), taolo ea batsamaisi (likarolo tsa posterior parietal cortex), tsoho ea maikutlo (parahippocampal gyrus, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, le anterior cingulate k'hotex) le somatosensory (posterior insula le paracentral lobule) marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, signature ea boko 2 ha e bapisoa le saense ea boko 1 e ne e e-na le khokahano e le 'ngoe feela ho tsoa ho marang-rang a meputso le likamano tse eketsehileng ho tloha libakeng tsa botsitso le marang-rang a tsosang maikutlo.

Batho ba feteletseng haholo ha ba bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima, tlaase litekanyetso tsa morphometry ka moputso, botsitso, taolo ea batsamaisi le marang-rang a tsosang maikutlo a maikutlo, empa e phahameng Litekanyetso tsa marangrang a somatosensory li bontšitsoe.

4.0. Puisano

Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho bona hore na morphological and anatomical lipalo tsa ho kopanya boko (ho thehiloe ho ferekanyo ea sebete pakeng tsa libaka tse ling tsa boko) e ka khetholla batho ba fetang boima ba 'mele ho batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima. Liphuputso tse ka sehloohong ke: 1. Phallo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso (boikopanyo bo bongata ba lipampitšana tse tšoeu pakeng tsa libaka) e ile ea khona ho khetholla pakeng tsa litaba tse nang le BMI e nang le kutloisiso e phahameng (97%) le tse ling (87%). 2. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, liphetoho tsa morphological tse nang le bohlooho li ne li e-na le palo e nepahetseng ea boemo bo nepahetseng. 3. Boholo ba libaka tsa boko tse nang le melaetsa ea boko ba khethollo e ne e le tsa moputso, botumo, bohareng ba motlakase, le mekhoa e tsosang maikutlo ea maikutlo e bontšang hore mathata a sebetsang a hlokometsoe a bakoa ke mokhatlo o sa tloaelehang pakeng tsa marang-rang.

4.1. Li-anatomical-li-connectivity tse thehiloeng lipontšo tsa boko tse amanang le BMI

Phuputsong ena, algorithm ea likarolo tse nang le lipontšo tse peli tsa boko tse bontšang mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kopanya sebakeng se bontšitse bokhoni ba ho khetholla pakeng tsa batho ba fetang boima ba 'mele le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima ba' mele. Liphuputso tse ngata tsa DTI ho batho ba bangata ba BMI (Shott et al., 2014; Stanek et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2013; Yau et al., 2010, 2014) li tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea ho hlahloba phapang ea litšoaneleho tse tšoeu tsa taba tse fapaneng tse kenyelletsoang li-anisotropy le se boleloang ke ho fapana (e leng mehato ea botšepehi ba lipampitšana tse tšoeu), kapa li-coefficients tse hlakileng (tse thibelang metsi ho phalla 'me li bonahatsa tšenyo ea sele). Litekanyo tsena kaofela li ka fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le liphetoho tsa sebakeng se senyenyane sa microstructure. Phuputsong ea morao tjena re tsepamisitse tlhokomelo ho litekanyo tsa DTI tsa litekanyetso tsa fiber e le tekanyo ea ho lekanya khokahanyo e amanang pakeng tsa libaka le marang-rang. Kahoo, le hoja lipatlisiso tse ling li na le liphetoho tsa sebakeng se ka hare ho microstructure e tšoeu, ha lia elelloa hore na liphetoho tsena li amana joang ka ho kopanya.

4.1.1. Tlhaloso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thehiloeng boko 1

Boikopi ba pele ba boko bo ne bo e-na le likamano tse kahare le pakeng tsa moputso, botsitso, taolo ea batsamaisi, tsoho ea maikutlo, le marang-rang a utloahalang. Ho ne ho boetse ho e-na le maqhama a thalamo ho libaka tsa tsamaiso ea tsamaiso ea batsamaisi le sebakeng sa occipital. Ho fapana le ho fumanoa ha rona ka ho fokotsa li-connections tse tsoang ho khethollo ea li-cortex ho ea ho lihlopha tse ka hare ho naha tse boletsoeng ho sehlopha se feteletseng ho bapisoa le sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa boima, se fokotsa botšepehi ba lipampitšana tse tšoeu (tse fokotsoang karoloana ea anisotropy) ka ntle ho capsule (e nang le likhoele tse hokahanyang libaka tsa cortical ho ea libakeng tse ling tsa cortical ka mekhabiso e mokhutšoanyane ea lihlopha) li tlalehiloe ka ho fetisisa ho feta litaelo (Shott et al., 2014). Ho phaella moo, ka ho feteletseng ho bapisoa le litsamaiso tse nang le tekanyo ea tekanyo ea ho arohana (metsi a fapaneng a bontšang tšenyo ea sele) e ne e le khōlō ho sagittal stratum (e tsejoang ka ho fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding ho tloha libakeng tsa parietal, occipital, cingulate le temporal ho thalamus), 'me e ka ba e tsitsitseng ka seo re se bonang ka ho hokahana ha tlaase pakeng tsa thalamus e nepahetseng le gyrus e nepahetseng ea occipital ho batho ba fetang boima ba 'mele ho bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima ba' mele (Shott et al., 2014). Shott le basebetsi-'moho le bona (Shott et al., 2014) e boetse e supile li-coefficients tse kholo tse hlakileng (tse bonts'ang tšenyo e ka bang teng ea sele) sehlopheng se batenya haholo corona radiata, se shebahalang se rorisa liphumano tsa rona tsa boleng bo tlase ba fiber pakeng tsa meaho e tebileng ea lintho tse bohlooho (joalo ka thalamus) le libaka tsa cortical (dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex) ho batho ba nang le boima bo feteletseng ho bapisoa le boima ba 'mele bo tloaelehileng. Khokahano e fetotsoeng ea thalamic e ka kena-kenana le karolo ea thalamus ho thusa ho fetisa leseli la leseli la kutlo ho cortex (Jang et al., 2014).

Phuputso e fapaneng ha e bapisoa le boima bo sa tloaelehang ba bocha ho batho ba boima bo tloaelehileng ba boetse ba fumanoa ba fokotsehile ka mokhoa o fokolang oa li-anisotropy lilemong tsa bocha lilemong tse ling tse kang li-capsule tse ka ntle, tse ka hare-hare (tse ngata tse nyolohang le ho theoha lipampitšana tsa corticospin), hammoho le mahlaseli a nakoana le mahlaseli a optic (Yau et al., 2014). Phuputso ea morao tjena e boetse e hlokometse ho lahleheloa ke methapo ea methapo ea methapo le DTI pakeng tsa brainstem le hypothalamus ho motho ea nang le brainstem cavernoma eo, ka mor'a ho ts'oaroa ka mokokotlo, o nang le ho eketseha ha boima, e leng se ka 'nang sa fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhoa ena ea methapo e kenngoa molaong tsa lijo le boima ba lijo (Purnell et al., 2014). Leha ho le joalo, ha rea ​​ka ra khetholla liphapang tsa khokahanyo le hypothalamus, tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng ka lebaka la likhaello tse tsamaisoang ho latela li-atlase tse sebelisitsoeng thuputsong ea morao tjena.

4.1.2. Tlhaloso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thehiloeng boko 2

Pontšo ea bobeli ea lipampiri e ne e e-na le likhokahano tse tharo feela tse ka hare ho moputso le marang-rang a tsosang maikutlo. Ho khetholla likamano tse fetotsoeng ka hare ho libaka tse nang le marang-rang a marang-rang le libaka tse marang-rang ao li sebetsanang le 'ona thuputsong ea hona joale ha li tlalehoe pele. Leha ho le joalo, liphetoho tsena li ka 'na tsa lebelloa ho itšetlehile ka lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa morphological tse' nileng tsa bona liphetoho tse khōlō tsa moralo ka hare ho libaka tsa marang-rang a marang-rang (Kenny, 2011; Kurth et al., 2013; Raji le al., 2010; Volkow et al., 2008). Ka kakaretso, liphuputso tsa rona li bonahala li bonts'itse liphetoho tse pharaletseng ka botlalo-taba ea libaka tse kenyeletsang marang-rang a marang-rang le metsoalle ea eona e amanang.

Le hoja lipatlisiso tse ling li fumanoe li fokolisitsoe ka botšepehi ha li lekantsoe ka ho fokotseha karoloana ea li-anisotropy libakeng tsa corpus callosum le fornix (tseo e leng karolo ea boitsebiso bo tsoang ho hippocampus ho ea hypothalamus) le ho eketseha ha BMI (Stanek et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2013); phuputso ea morao-rao ha ea ka ea e-ba le liphetoho tse kholo tse amanang le ho lumellana ha lipuisano ka hare ho lipatlisiso tse peli tsa boko. Ntho e ikhethang ke hore ho ne ho e-na le kamano pakeng tsa lobule e ka lehlakoreng le letšehali le sulcus e nepahetseng ea sophiste ka ho saena sa 1 ea boko, le ho amana pakeng tsa putamen e nepahetseng le lehlakoreng le letšehali la gyrus ka ho saena 2 ea boko. Re nahana hore phello e hlokometsoeng liphuputsong tsena tse fetileng e ka ba ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e ntle ea boemo bo botle ho e-na le liphetoho tse teng pakeng tsa libaka tse itseng tsa boko, tse tšoanang le liphetoho tse etsahalang nakong ea botsofali bo tloaelehileng (Sullivan et al., 2010). Le hoja bangoli ba lithuto tsena tsa khale ba ile ba nahana hore ho se tšoane ha li-anisotropy tse fokolang ka hare ho lihlooho tse nang le BMI e phahameng li ka amahanngoa le li-connectivity tse tsoang hippocampus le amygdala, ha rea ​​ka ra bona liphetoho tse kholo ho hokahanngoa ka har'a mehaho ena. Tlhaloso e qaqileng haholo le tlhahlobo e ntle ea libaka tsena tsa boko li hlokahalang ho netefatsa lintlha tsena.

4.2. Morphometric-gray-sign signature e amanang le BMI

Grey taba ea morphometric tlhahlobo ka mehlala e 'meli e fapaneng e khonne ho tseba ho nepahala ho feta ho feta ho batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima ba' mele ka kutloisiso ea 69% le sebopeho sa 63%. Liphuputso tsena li lumellana le litlaleho tse fetileng tsa lefats'e, le ho fokotseha ha libaka tse nang le bohlooho boemong bo botle libakeng tse itseng tsa boko ka hare ho marang-rang a meputso le metsoalle e amanang (Debette et al., 2010; Kenny, 2011; Kurth et al., 2013; Pannacciulli et al., 2006; Raji le al., 2010). Ho fapana le lihlopha tsa DTI tse fanoeng, liphuputso tsena li bontša hore ho na le bokhoni bo lekanyelitsoeng ba ho khetholla pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tsa BMI.

4.2.1. Sebopeho sa bokhoni bo sebetsanang le boko ba 1

Thutong ea rona, senoelo sa pele sa boko se bontšitse litekanyetso tse fokolang tsa mehato e fapa-fapaneng ea morphometric (ho kenyeletsa li-subregion tsa orbital frontal gyrus, insula e ka hare) libakeng tsa meputso, botsitso le marang-rang a tsamaiso ea bolaoli ho sehlopha se feteletseng ho bapisoa le sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa boima. Ho phaella moo, litekanyetso tse fokolang tsa morphometric tsa bohlokoa li ile tsa hlokomeloa bakeng sa libaka tse thibelang maruo methapo ea ho tsosoa maikutlo, empa e phahameng morphometry bakeng sa marang-rang a mangata (precentral sulcus, supramarginal gyrus, subcentral sulcus) le ho feta nako ea nakoana libaka tsa batho ba feteletseng ho feta batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima. Phuputsong ena re fumane ho fokotsa ho hoholo ha litekanyo tsa morphological (taba e bohlooho le boholo ba cortical thickness) ea gyrus e ka pele ea ponahalo. Gyrus ea potlako ea ho potoloha ke sebaka sa bohlokoa ka har'a marang-rang a marang-rang a tlatsetsang ho sebetsanang le litekanyetso le ho tataisa boitšoaro ba nako e tlang le liqeto tse thehiloeng ho kenyelletsa tebello e amanang le moputso (Kahnt et al., 2010). Phuputso ea morao-rao e hlahlobileng mohaho o mosoeu le o mosoeu o fumanoeng hore batho ba mahlomoleng ba fokolitse litekanyetso bakeng sa libaka tse fapaneng ka har'a marang-rang a moputso,Shott et al., 2014).

4.2.2. Sebopeho sa bokhoni bo sebetsanang le boko ba 2

Ha ho bapisoa le saense ea bokooa 1, litekanyo tsa morphological tse hlokometsoeng libakeng tsa botsitso le marang-rang a tsosang maikutlo a hlalosang bongata ba ho fapana, ha mekhatlo ea marang-rang e ne e se na tšusumetso. Litekanyo tse fokolang tsa bohlooho li ile tsa hlokomeloa libakeng tsa botsitso, taolo ea batsamaisi le marang-rang a tsosang maikutlo. Libaka tsena (insula ea ka hare, parietal posterior cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, li-subregions tsa ka hare-hare li-cortex) li atisa ho amahanngoa le ho eketseha ha mosebetsi oa bokooa nakong ea ha ho pepesehetse lijo tsa lijo (Brooks et al., 2013; Greenberg le al., 2006; Rothemund et al., 2007; Shott et al., 2014; Stoeckel et al., 2008), le tekanyo ea boikutlo ba botho ba boiketlo (Critchley et al., 2011; Seeley et al., 2007a). Thuputsong ea morao tjena, ho fokotsoa ha lintho tse bohlooho ho boetse ho bonoa libakeng tse ka sehloohong tsa marangrang a mangata (posting insula, lobule paracentral). Le hoja karolo e tobileng ea marang-rang a ho feta ho feta tekano le botenya ha e tsejoe, ho bontšitsoe hore e ameha tabeng ea ho lemoha maikutlo a 'mele,' me phuputso ea morao-rao e bontšitse hore mosebetsi o phahameng oa marang-rang o amohelehang ho batho ba omeletseng o ka lebisa ho ho ja haholo (Stice et al., 2011). Phuputso ena e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo ka litekanyo tsa morphological le likamano tsa tlhaho pakeng tsa libaka tsa boko bo botle ba marang-rang a marang-rang le marang-rang a mangata, 'me e fana ka maikutlo a hore boko ba metsoako ea metso e ka susumetsa lisebelisoa tsa mahlaseli a amanang le liphello tse tsoang liphuputsong tse sebetsang tse fumanoang libukeng. Likamano tse nang le lits'ebeletso tsa boitšoaro le tsa tikoloho li boetse li fana ka kutloisiso e eketsehileng mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa mekhoa e metle le e sebetsang, e lokelang ho lekoa lithutong tse tlang.

4.3. Tšebeliso ea lipatlisiso tsa mekhoa ea multivariate e sebelisa sPLS-DA ho khetholla pakeng tsa boima bo feteletseng le bo tloaelehileng ba boima ba 'mele

Liphuputso tse mabapi le liphetoho tse amanang le BMI ka fiber tekanyo ea mefuta-futa pakeng tsa marang-rang a fapaneng a boko ka har'a marang-rang a moputso, tšehetsa khopolo ea hore ho eketsa liphello tsa BMI ho ferekanya khokahano ea anatomical pakeng tsa libaka tse itseng bokong. Liphetoho tsena tsa tlhaho li ka 'na tsa fana ka puisano e se nang thuso kapa e sa sebetseng pakeng tsa libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa marang-rang a marang-rang le marang-rang a tšoanang. Ho tšoana le litlaleho tse 'maloa tsa morao-rao tse fumaneng liphetoho tse amanang le ho feta boima ba' mele le botenya boemong bo botala (Debette et al., 2010; Kurth et al., 2013; Pannacciulli et al., 2006; Raji le al., 2010), re boetse re khona ho fumana phapang e tšoanang ea morphological ho feta tekano ho bapisoa le batho ba tloaelehileng ba boima ba 'mele. Phuputsong ea morao tjena, re fetisitse litlhaloso tsena e le hore re batlisise mokhatlo oa pakeng tsa boemo bo feteletseng le ho sebelisana ha bokhoni ba boko, 'me re sebelise sPLS-DA ho data ea morphometric e le ho khetholla lipakeng tsa boima bo feteletseng le bo tloaelehileng. Phuputso ea morao-rao ea likarolo tse sebelisoang ka ho sebelisa khatello e nepahetseng ea maikutlo e fana ka maikutlo a hore motsoako oa liphetoho mohahong o motsoako o motsoako oa motsoako oa motsoako oa motsoako oa motsoako oa li-gyrus, joalokaha o lekantsoe ka boholo ba bohlooho bo bongata, le litekanyetso tsa mali tsa letšoao la ho ruruha (fibrinogen) o ile a khona ho bolela esale pele ho nona haholo sampula ea lihlooho tse tloaelehileng tsa boima ba 19 le lihlooho tsa 44 tse feteletseng ka ho fetisisa; e nang le kutloisiso e phahameng (95.5%), empa boemo bo tlaase (31.6%) (Cazettes et al., 2011). Thuto ea rona e fapana le tlaleho ena likarolong tse 'maloa, ho kenyelletsoa boholo ba samporo ea boholo; tšebeliso ea mokhoa oa ho tiisa sefapano ho qoba mehlala ea tharollo e itseng, ho tlosoa litabeng tse nang le khatello ea meriana ea lefu la tsoekere / lefu la tsoekere ho tlosa moferefere o khonehang, le ho kenngoa ha taba ea bohlooho molumo le matla a sebete ho bolela esale pele boemo bo feteletseng.

4.4. Meeli

Le hoja re fumane phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa batho ba nang le boima ba 'mele le boima bo feteletseng ba fiber, ha re khone ho fetisa lipatlisiso tsena tsa anatomic ho fapana ho se hokae. Liphuputso tse joalo tsa ho ikopanya li tla fana ka bokhoni ba ho lemoha ho se tšoane ha ho lumellana ha mosebetsi oa boko libakeng tse sa kopanngoeng ka ho toba le lipampitšana tse tšoeu. Le hoja re ne re pheta-pheta lilemong tse fetileng re ile ra tlaleha liphihlelo tse mabapi le khokahanyo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le mefuta e fapaneng ea morphological pakeng tsa ho feta boima ba 'mele / boima le bo tloaelehileng ba BMI (Kurth et al., 2013; Raji le al., 2010), re ile ra hlōleha ho bona liphetoho libakeng tse bohlokoa tsa litsela tse ling tsa hypothalamus, amygdala le hippocampus. Ho ka khoneha hore tlhaloso ena e ka 'na eaba e bakoa ke meeli ea lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng tsa ho qapella tse sebelisoang thutong ena kapa ka lebaka la litlhahlobo tse fokolang batho ba feteletseng ho feta batho ba bangata. Lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li ne li tla hloka litekanyetso tse kholo e le hore li bapise batho ba bangata haholo, ba fetang boima ba 'mele, le ba boima bo tloaelehileng, le hore ba khone ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa sehlopha se thehiloeng ho thobalano le morabe. Ka lebaka la mehlala ea rona e nyane re sebelisitse mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho netefatsa ka hare, leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe ho nepahala ha pele ho setsi sena se hlahisang seteishene se ikemetseng sa data (Bray et al., 2009). Lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho mokhatlo oa liphapano tsena tse nang le mekhoa e metle ka mekhoa e tobileng ea ho ja, litlhoko tsa ho ja, le lisebelisuoa tsa lijo bakeng sa ho hlalosa moelelo le bohlokoa ba liphuputso tsena. Kaha botenya le boemo bo feteletseng bo atisa ho amahanngoa le li-comorbidities tse kang khatello ea kelello, lefu la tsoekere le lefu la metabolism, litlhahlobo tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho batlisisa liphello tse lekanyetsanang le tse amanang le likarolo tsa maemo ana ka tatellano ea likarolo.

4.5. Kakaretso le liqeto

Ka kakaretso, liphello tsa rona li tšehetsa khopolo ea hore ho ba le boima bo feteletseng ho amahanngoa le khokahano e fetotsoeng (ka sebōpeho sa fiber) pakeng tsa libaka tse ling tsa boko, e leng se ka bolelang hore ha ho na thuso kapa puisano e sa sebetseng pakeng tsa libaka tsena. Ka ho khetheha, ho fokotsoa ho fokolang ha libaka tsa bokooa tsa khethollo ea prefrontal le moputso oa potoloho o lumellana le mokhoa o moholo oa mekhoa ea hedonic ho laola mokhoa oa ho ja lijo (Gunstad et al., 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010). Litsebelisoa tsa liphetoho tsena tsa moralo ha li utloisisoe hantle, empa li ka kenyelletsa mekhoa ea li-neuroinflammatory le neuroplastic (Cazettes et al., 2011) e amanang le boemo bo tlaase ba ho ruruha boemong bo tlaase bo tlalehoang ka batho ba fetang tekanyo le ba boima haholo (Cazettes et al., 2011; Cox et al., 2014; Das, 2010; Gregor le Hotamisligil, 2011; Griffin, 2006). Litsela tse fanoeng ke lintlha tsa ho tseba liphetoho tse bohlooho le tse mosoeu ka ho feteletseng ho feta tekano / botenya ke lisebelisoa tse tšepisang tsa ho khetholla li-correlates tse bohareng tsa BMI le ho ba le monyetla oa ho khetholla likokoana-hloko tsa neurobiological bakeng sa boloetse bona.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

Arpana Gupta: Thuto ea thuto le moralo, tlhahlobo le tlhaloso ea boitsebiso, ho ngola le ho ntlafatsa libuka tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho.

Emeran Mayer: Thuto ea thuto le moralo, tlhahlobo ea bohlokoa ea mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho, ho lumellana le phetolelo ea ho qetela ea mongolo, chelete.

Claudia San Miguel: Ho ngoloa le ho hlahloba liphoso ka letsoho, tlhaloso ea litaba.

John Van Horn: Moloko oa data, tlhahlobo ea data.

Connor Fling: Analysis ea data.

Lerato la Aubrey: Tlhahlobo ea lintlha.

Davis Woodworth: Ho hlahloba lintlha.

Benjamin Ellingson: Tlhahlobo ea mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho.

Kirsten Tillisch: Tlhahlobo e boima ea mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho, chelete.

Jennifer Labus: Thuto ea thuto le moralo, tlhahlobo le tlhaloso ea boitsebiso, ho ngola le ho ntlafatsa boitsebiso bo ngotsoeng ka letsoho, ho lumellana le phetolelo ea ho qetela ea mongolo, chelete.

Likhohlano tsa thahasello

Ha ho lintoa tsa thahasello tse teng.

Mohloli oa lichelete

Phuputso ena e tšehetsoa ka karolo e fanoang ke mekhatlo e tsoang ho Mekhatlo ea Sechaba ea Bophelo: R01 DK048351 (EAM), P50DK64539 (EAM), R01 AT007137 (KT), P30 DK041301, K08 DK071626 (JSL), le R03 DK084169 (JSL). Litekanyetso tsa pilot li ne li fanoa ke Mokhatlo oa Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Centre, UCLA.

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