Bakhanni ba Tsebo ea ho Qetella ho Etsa Liqhomane (2019)

Pele Behav Neurosci. 2019 Jan 17; 12: 338. doi: 10.3389 / fnbeh.2018.00338.

Kakoschke N1, Aarts E2, Verdejo-García A1.

inahaneloang

Ho qobelloa ke ho qobelloa ke ntho e ka sehloohong ea mathata a mangata a ho qobella le a ho lemalla, a arolelanang haholo le ho ja ka mokhoa o feteletseng ho latela mekhoa ea ho pheta-pheta ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe. Boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho ja bo tšoana le maemo a 'maloa a amanang le ho ja, ho kopanyelletsa le mathata a ho ja [bulimia nervosa (BN), ho itima lijo ka bongata (BED)], botenya haholo le ho lemalla lijo (FA). Ho qobelloa ho qobelloa ho khannoa ke likarolo tse 'nè tse sa tšoaneng tse nang le likamano, e leng, ho na le mekhoa ea ho tseba lintho tse amanang le maemo a sa tšoaneng, ts'ebetso / tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo, tlhokomelo e hlokomolohang / thuto ea mokhoa oa ho ithuta. Leha ho le joalo, ha hoa utloahala hore na boitšoaro bo pheta-phetoang boemong bo amanang le ho ja bo bakoa ke ho senyeha ha likaroloana tsena tsa tsebo. Tlhahlobo ea metsotso ea morao-rao e etsa hore bopaki bo fumanehang bakeng sa ts'ebetso bo sebetsanang le likamano tse amanang le ho qobelloa ho qobella batho ba nang le mekhoa e metle bakeng sa batho ba nang le mekhoa e metle ea batho ba nang le boits'oaro ba ho ja. Libakeng tse tharo ho tse 'nè tsa ts'ebetso, e leng, ho beha-fetoha, ho khetholla maikutlo le ho ithuta mokhoa oa ho ithuta, liphuputso li ne li tsoakane. Bopaki bo bongata bo totobetse ka mokhoa o matla oa ho tseba lintho tse amanang le maemo a fokolang feela ka ho nona haholo le ho fokotseha ka ho feteletseng ka ho feteletseng le ka BED. Ka kakaretso, liphuputso tsa lipatlisiso tse hlalositsoeng li tšehetsa khopolo ea hore ho hloka botsitso ho amanang le ho qobella mohopolo ho tloaelehile ka maemo a amanang le ho ja, le hoja bopaki bo ne bo sa lumellane kapa bo haelloa ke mathata a itseng. Re buisana ka bohlokoa ba thuto ea lithuto tsena, le liphello tsa bona bakeng sa kutloisiso ea rona ea ho qobella maemo a amanang le ho ja.

LINKOTSO: ho itlopa joala; bulimia nervosa; ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso; ho qobelloa; mokhoa oa ho ja; lijo tse lemalloang; botenya

PMID: 30705625

PMCID: PMC6344462

DOI:10.3389 / fnbeh.2018.00338

Free Article PMC Article

Selelekela

Ho qobelloa ho ts'oaroa ho hlalosoa e le "ts'ebetso ea ho pheta-pheta, ho sa batleheng le ho senyeha ka mokhoa o sebetsang ho feta kapa ho itšoara ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng, ho etsoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng kapa o tsitsitseng, ho latela melao e thata kapa e le mokhoa oa ho qoba liphello tse mpe" (Fineberg et al. ,, , leq. 70). Mekhoa ea boitšoaro ea ho ja lijo tse qobelloang, e hlalositsoeng e le ho pheta-pheta-pheta, ntle le homeostatic tshebetso, le liphello tse bohloko, le hore e le litsela tsa ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello, e tloaelehile hohle maemong a mangata a ho ja (Moore et al., ). Tsena li kenyelletsa: (1) mathata a ho ja a kang bulimia nervosa (BN) le bothata ba ho ja lijo tsa binge (BED); (2) botenya; le (3) ho lemalla lijo (FA), tse nang le maikutlo a sa tšoaneng a ho hlahloba (Letlapa ​(Letlapa1).1). Leha ho le joalo, na ke habohlokoa ho lumela hore botšepehi ba FA ke khopolo e phehisanoang haholo le e tsosang maikutlo har'a sechaba sa saense (Ziauddeen le Fletcher, ;; Hebebrand et al., ;; Cullen et al., ). Sehloohong sena sa ho hlahloba, re hlahloba litlhaloso tsa kutloisiso ea phetoho ena ea phetoho e feteletseng ea phenotype. E le ho etsa joalo, re amohela likarolo tse 'nè tsa ts'ebetso ea ho qobelloa ho khotsofatsoa ha morero oa Fineberg et al. (;; ho boleloa, ho khetholla, ho hlokomoloha maikutlo, ho ithuta ka mokhoa oa boits'oaro), le lithuto tsa ho hlahloba tse neng li lekanya bonyane karolo e le 'ngoe ho batho ba baholo ba nang le BN, BED, botenya kapa FA. Ho netefatsa hore nako e nepahetse, re mpa re hlahloba patlisiso e phatlalalitsoeng lilemong tsa ho qetela tsa 5 (bakeng sa litlhaloso tsa mosebetsi oa pele ho domains discrete bona: Wu et al., ;; Stojek et al., ).

Lethathamo 1

Litšoaneleho tsa meriana ea bulimia nervosa (BN), bothata ba ho ja ho ja lijo (BED), botenya haholo le ho lemalla lijo (FA).

Bulimia nervosa (BN)Ho ja lijo tsa ho ja lijo (BED)botenyaHo lemalla lijo (FA)
  1. Lihlopha tse tloaelehileng tsa ho ja joala (BE) tse khetholloang ke: (a) ho ja nakong ea 2 h nako ea lijo e kholo ho feta seo batho ba bangata ba ka se jang ka nako e tšoanang tlasa maemo a tšoanang; le (b) boikutlo ba ho hloka taolo ea ho ja haholo nakong ea sekhetho
  2. Boits'oaro bo tloaelehileng bo sa lokelang e le ho thibela boima ba 'mele, tse kang ho hlatsa ka boithati, ho sebelisa hampe li-laxatives, diuretics, kapa meriana e meng, ho itima lijo kapa ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e feteletseng.
  3. Ho itlopa joala le boitšoaro bo sa lokelang ha bo etsahale, ka karolelano, bonyane hang ka beke bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 3.
  4. Ho itlhahloba ho susumelitsoe ka tsela e sa reroang ke 'mele le boima ba' mele.
  5. Tšitiso ha e hlahe feela nakong ea liketsahalo tsa Anorexia Nervosa.
  1. Likarolo tse sa tsoa etsahala tsa BE tse khetholloang ke: (a) ho ja nakong ea 2 h nako ea lijo e kholo ho feta seo batho ba bangata ba ka se jang ka nako e tšoanang tlasa maemo a tšoanang; le (b) boikutlo ba ho hloka taolo ea ho ja haholo nakong ea sekhetho
  2. LITABA tsa lihlopha li amahanngoa le matšoao a mararo (kapa ho feta) a matšoao a latelang:
    1. Ho ja ka potlako ho feta tloaelehileng
    2. Ho ja ho fihlela u ikutloa u sa phutholoha
    3. Ho ja lijo tse ngata ha u sa ikutloe u lapile 'meleng
    4. Ho ja feela hobane u ikutloa u hlajoa ke lihlong
    5. Ho ikutloa u sithabetse, u tepeletse maikutlo kapa u le molato hamorao
  3. Tšoenyeha mahlomola mabapi le BE
  4. BE e hlaha, ka karolelano, bonyane hang ka beke bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 3
  5. BE ha e amane le ts'ebeliso e tloaelehileng ea boitšoaro bo sa lokelang (mohlala, ho hloekisa) ebile ha e hlahe feela nakong ea Bulimia Nervosa kapa Anorexia Nervosa.
Index ea boima ba 'mele [(BMI) = boima ba' mele (kg) / bolelele (m2) ≥30 BMI 30-39 = e feta
BMI ≥40 = e feteletseng haholo

  1. Ho ja ho ja haholo, ke hore, ho kenngoa ha k'halori e feteletseng ka chelete e sebelisoang
  1. E sebelisoa ho feta kamoo ho hlophisitsoeng kateng (e kholoanyane le nako e telele)
  2. Ha e khone ho rema kapa ho emisa
  3. Nako e ngata e sebelisitsoe
  4. Mesebetsi ea bohlokoa e fanoeng kapa ea fokotseha
  5. Sebelisa ho sa tsotellehe tsebo ea liphello tsa 'meleng / tsa maikutlo
  6. Mamello (eketsa lenane, fokotseha ho sebetsa)
  7. Ho khaotsa (matšoao, ntho e nkiloeng ho felisa ho khaotsa)
  8. Ho lakatsa kapa takatso e matla
  9. Ho hloleha boikarabelong ba boikarabelo
  10. Sebelisa ho sa tsotellehe liphello tsa batho ba bang
  11. Sebelisa maemong a kotsi

Tlhokomeliso: Matšoao a BN le BED a hlalosoa ho latela mekhoa ea ho hlahloba DSM 5 (American Psychiatric Association, ). Likarolo tsa BMI tse hlalositsoeng ho latela Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (). Matšoao a FA a hlalosoa ho ea ka tlhahiso ea Gearhardt et al. (). Bold font e bolela litšobotsi tse lumellanang le ho qobella ho ja phantotype (e leng, ho pheta-pheta likoloto, ntle le ho fetola-homeostatic ts'ebetso le / kapa ho khannoa ke khatello ea kelello).

Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso

Karolong ena, re hlalosa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likarolo tse itseng tsa ho qobella maikutlo le mesebetsi e li lekanyang, ebe o hlahloba bopaki ba tshebetso ea mosebetsi ka: (1) BN le BED; (2) botenya; (3) FA; le (4) maemo a tlatlapuoang (mohlala, botenya le BED; botenya le FA). Setšoantšo ​Figure11 e hlahisa kakaretso ea liphuputso.

Faele e kantle e ts'oereng setšoantšo, papiso, jj. Lebitso la ntho ke fnbeh-12-00338-g0001.jpg

Bopaki ba likhaello tse amanang le khatello ea kelello tse amanang le ho qobelloa maemong a amanang le ho ja: bulimia nervosa (BN), lefu la ho itlopa joala (BED), botenya (OB), le bokhoba ba lijo (FA). Mebala e supa tataiso ea bopaki, e leng, botala: bopaki bo lumellanang ba likhaello; lamunu: bopaki bo sa lumellaneng (liphuputso tse ka bang 50% tse fanang ka maikutlo a likhaello / khaello ea likhaello); bofubelu: bopaki bo fosahetseng = ha ho na likhaello (tse bontšitsoeng ke> 60% ea lithuto); Strikethrough grey: ha ho lithuto tse fumanehang. Lingoloa tsa sehlooho li bonts'a palo ea lithuto ho karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ea kutloisiso le bothata.

Ho Flexibolloa ho na le Tumelo e amanang le maemo a joalo

Karolo ena e bua ka "ho se sebetse ho fetola boitšoaro ka mor'a maikutlo a mabe" (Fineberg et al., ). Ho 'nile ha e-ba le maikutlo a hore ho qobelloa ho tsitlella ho tsitlella ho tsitsisa boitšoarong bo kileng ba putsoa, ​​empa joale bo amahanngoa le liphello tse mpe, ho bonts'a ho fetoha ha maemo a ho feto-fetoha. Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho tseba lintho tse amanang le maemo a tloaelehileng ka nako e telele ho sebelisitsoe ho sebelisa mosebetsi oa ho fetola mokhoa o tsitsitseng (PRLT; Cools et al., ;; Clarke et al., ), e leng ho kenyelletsang ho khetha pakeng tsa mekhoa e 'meli le thuto e atisang ho putsoa (phello e ntle), ha e mong a atisa ho otloa (phello e mpe). Joale puso e fetoha 'me barupeluoa ba lokela ho fetola boitšoaro ba bona ho arabela phetoho ea liphetoho.

Le hoja ha ho liphuputso tse 'nileng tsa hlahloba motsoako ona ho BN, BED feela kapa FA, litsebo tsa ho tseba lintho tse fokolang li bile teng ka botenya. Ka ho khetheha, batho ba nang le botenya ba bona ba ile ba bontša bothata bo bongata ba ho thibela puso ea boitšoaro e fetileng e bontšitsoeng ke liphoso tse eketsehileng tsa ho mamella ho Rule Shift Cards task (Spitoni et al., ). Basali ba nang le botenya ba bona ba boetse ba bontša likhaello tsa ho ithuta tse fetoletsoeng lijong, empa eseng lichelete tsa chelete (Zhang et al., ). Ho se lumellane ho fumanoeng ho boetse ho tlalehiloe, moo barupeluoa ba nang le botenya ba bona ba bontšang kotlo e mpe, empa ha ba fane ka moputso oa ho ithuta mabapi le taolo e nepahetseng (Coppin et al., ;; Banca et al., ), ha batho ba bangata ba e-na le BED ba bontšitse hore ha ba na moputso, empa hase kotlo ea ho ithuta mabapi le ba se nang BED (Banca et al., ).

Mosebetsi / Tlhokomeliso ea Set-Shifting

Karolo ena e hlalosoa e le "ho se hlokomele ho hoholo pakeng tsa khatello" (Fineberg et al., ). E kenyelletsa khafetsa pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa mesebetsi kapa mefuta e arabelang, e hlokang ho ela hloko litekanyo tse ngata tsa ts'oaetso. Tlhokomeliso, ho beha-ho fetoha ho boetse ho amana, empa ho itšetlehile ka ho susumetsa-ho arabela ho e-na le moputso le liphello tsa kotlo. Mehato e tloaelehileng ea ho beha mehato e ne e le Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) le Trail Making Task Part-B (TMT-B), ha mosebetsi oa Intra-Dimensional / Extra-dimensional set-shift (Robbins et al., ) le Paradigm ea ho fetola mosebetsi (Steenbergen et al., ) li ne li sebelisoa hangata. WCST e kenyeletsa ho bapisa karete e nang le likarolo tse itseng (mohlala, 'mala, sebōpeho) ho e' ngoe ea likarete tse ling tse 'nè tse sebelisang "molao o tšoanang," o fetohang nakong ea mosebetsi. Ho TMT-B, barupeluoa ba botsoa ho hula mola o kopanyang linomoro tse ling le mangolo (ke hore, 1-A-2-B-3-C).

Boholo ba lipatlisiso tabeng ea ho beha-fetoha ho lebisitse tlhokomelo litabeng tsa lijo. Liphuputso tse ling li fumane hore ho beha-ho fetola ha hoa ka ha fokola BN (Pignatti le Bernasconi, ), BED (Manase le al., ), kapa ka tlaase ho sekhukhu BE BE matšoao (Kelly le al., ). Leha ho le joalo, Kelly et al. () o ile a fumana hore palo ea likhahla tsa lijoana li ne li lumellana ka katleho le liphoso tse mamelloang ho WCST (ke hore, ho tlosoa ha maemo ho futsanehileng). Ho feta moo, liphuputso tse ling li fumanoe li sa sebetse hantle ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba BED kapa BN mabapi le taolo e nepahetseng (Goddard et al., ;; Aloi et al., ).

Ka botenya, lipatlisiso tsa ho hlahloba setha-morao li hlahisitse litholoana tse sa lumellaneng. Ha e le hantle, lithuto tse ling ha lia ka tsa fumana bopaki ba ho se sebetse hantle (Chamberlain et al., ;; Fagundo et al., ;; Manase et al., ;; Schiff et al., ;; Wu et al., ), ha lipatlisiso tse ling li fumanoe li sa sebetse hantle ho baithaopi ba nang le boima bo feteletseng kapa botenya haholo mabapi le taolo e nepahetseng (Gameiro et al., ;; Steenbergen le Colzato, ) le ho kula ha bakuli (Perpiñá et al., ). Liphuputso li boetse li bontšitse ho senyeha ha maemo ho batho ba bangata ba nang le BED, empa eseng ho ba se nang (Banca et al., ), 'me u fokotsa litho tsa sehlopha tse nang le matšoao a phahameng empa a sa tlaase a FA (Rodrigue et al., ).

Mefuta ea ho ela hloko / ho qheleloa ha lintho

Karolo ena e kenyelletsa "ho fetoha ho sa tsitseng ha kelello ho fapana le tšusumetso" (Fineberg et al., ). Boikarabello ba tlhokomelo bo kenyeletsa ho itšetleha ka mokhoa o ikemetseng oa ho lebisa tlhokomelo e itseng ho tse ling; karolo ea tlhokomelo e khethollang (Cisler le Koster, ), ha ho tlosoa maikutlo ho bolela ho se khone ho tsamaisa / ho lebisa tlhokomelo tlhokomelong ea lintho tse joalo, tse ka tlatsetsang boitšoarong bo qobelloang dessyecik ho tsitsisa ho bakoang ke ts'oaetso e hlokahalang (Fineberg et al., ). Boikarabello ba tlhokomelo hangata bo lekantsoe le Visual Probe Task (VPT), ​​moo barupeluoa ba laeloang ho arabela le letheba le hlahang ka lehlakoreng le letšehali kapa le letona la k'homphieutha kapele ka mor'a ho hlahisa maikutlo a mabeli, kapa moea oa maikutlo. , moo barupeluoa ba botsoang ho reha 'mala oa enke oa lentsoe le ngotsoeng empa ba hlokomoloha litaba tsa eona.

Liphuputso tse 'maloa li fane ka bopaki ba ho hlokomoloha lijo tse sa pheleng hantle BN (Albery et al., ), BED (Sperling le al., ), kapa matšoao a matšoao a BE (Popien et al., ), le hoja phuputso e 'ngoe ea morao-rao e fumane hore ha ho na bopaki ba ho ameha ka lijo tse sa pheleng ho BED kapa BN mabapi le ho laola boima ba' mele (Lee et al., ). Liphuputso tse ling li boetse li bonts'a thahasello ea lijo tse sa pheleng hantle ha li bapisoa le batho ba phelang hantle boima ba 'mele (Kemps et al., ;; Bongers et al., ), ha thuto e 'ngoe e fumane hore ha ho na kamano pakeng tsa ho rata ho bua ka mantsoe a lijo le ho hlahisa likarolo tse amanang le botenya (' mele oa letšoao, 'mele oa mafura le mafura a mpa). Leha ho le joalo, batho ba nang le bothata ba ho feta ba nang le BED ba bontša hore ba na le mekhoa e metle ea ho hlokomela lijo tse sa pheleng ho feta ba se nang BED kapa ho laola boima ba 'mele (Schag et al., ;; Schmitz et al., , ), 'me batho ba nang le botenya haholo le matšoao a bona a bontšang bothata ba bona ba ile ba bontša ho le thata ho arohana le lipuo tse joalo ho feta ba se nang BE (Deluchi et al., ). Barupeluoa ba nang le botenya haholo le FA ba ne ba e-na le mekhoa e meholo ea ho ela hloko le ho thatafalloa haholo ho arohana le lijo tse sa pheleng tse amanang le ho laola boima ba 'mele ntle le FA (Frayn et al., ).

Tloaelo ea ho ithuta

Karolo ena e kenyelletsa "ho hloka kutloisiso ho sepheo kapa liphello tsa liketso" (Fineberg et al., ). Litsebi tsa thuto tse kopanetsoeng tsa mekhoa e metle li etsa hore liketso li tšehetsoa ke litsamaiso tse peli: mokhoa o laoloang ke morero le o tloaelehileng (Balleine le Dickinson, ;; de Wit le Dickinson, ). Ho qobelloa ke ho qobelloa ho ts'oanela ho hlaha ho tloha ho tloha ho sepheo-ketso e laoloang ho tloaeloa ka lebaka la ho se leka-lekane ka mekhatlo ena e mabeli, e leng, sepheo se sa khoneng-se laoloang kapa se sebetsang ka mokhoa o feteletseng. Bopaki ba ho se leka-lekane pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsena tse peli li ka hlahlojoa ka lipapali tsa ho etsa liqeto. Mesebetsi ea ts'ebetso ea tlhabollo, barupeluoa ba lokela ho qoba ho arabela litabeng ha meputso e amanang le eona e haelloa ke ho fetola litsebo tsa liphello joaloka Slips-of-Action task (de Wit et al., ) kapa satiety e hlalosang maikutlo (Balleine le Dickinson, ). Mosebetsi oa lihlopha tse peli o sebelisa mokhoa oa ho ithuta oa ho ruta ka mokhoa o sa sebeliseng mohlala o motlakase oa mefuta-futa eo barupeluoa ba laeloang hore ba etse khetho ho latela liqeto tsa pele tse neng li etsoa pele (mohlala, "tloaelo" -ka kang) "Pakane-e laoloang;" Daw et al., ).

Liphello tse tsoang ho lithuto tsa ho ithuta mokhoa oa ho itlhakisa li sa lumellane. Ha e le hantle, liphuputso tse peli li bontšitse hore batho ba nang le botenya ba ne ba sa tsotelle liphello tsa liketso, ke hore, ho laola mehato ho ile ha fetoloa ho laola mokhoa oa boits'oaro le ho fapana le taolo e laoloang ke morero, e leng se bontšang hore mekhoa ena e 'meli ha e na leeme (Horstmann et al., ). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithuto tse ling tse peli tse sebelisang mosebetsi oa Slips-of-Action li fumane hore barupeluoa ba nang le botenya ha baa ka ba etsa li-slips tse ngata ho feta litho tsa boima ba 'mele (Dietrich et al., ;; Watson et al., ). Leha ho le joalo, phuputso e 'ngoe e bontšitse hore batho ba bangata ba nang le bothata ba BED ba bontšitse ho holofala ho hoholo ho sepheo se fuoang sepheo (ho latela mehlala) ho feta likarabo tse tloaelehileng (mekhoa e sa tšoaneng) ntle le BED ntle le BED ba nang le boima ba' mele (Voon et al., ).

Puisano

Tlhaloso ea rona e bonts'a bopaki bo bong ba bofokoli ho latela mekhoa e mene ea likamano tse amanang le ho qobella batho ba nang le mathata a amanang le ho ja. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa maemo a mangata a ho ja (ntle le boemo bo holimo, e leng botenya le BED) lintlha ha li tsejoe mabapi le ho senyeha ha meralo ea tsebo. Liphuputso tsena tse hanyetsanang li etsa hore ho be thata ho fumana liqeto tse tiileng mabapi le karolo ea likhaello tse amanang le ts'oaetso ea ho qobella ho qobella batho hore ba itšoare ka tsela e thata ho latela maemo. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso li qala ho buisanoa ka sebaka se seng le se seng sa moelelo oa likamano tse amanang le ho qobella ho ba le likamano tse amanang le ho ja. Ka mor'a moo re fana ka puisano ea moelelo mabapi le hore na likarolo tse ling tsa likamano tse amanang le ho qobella ho sebelisoa li lokela ho sebelisoa joang tabeng ea boitšoaro ba ho ja, e lateloa ke puisano e sebetsang ea hore na re ka tsoela pele joang ho leka ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea ho tseba lintho tse amanang le ho qobella mohopolo .

Lipatlisiso tse fumanehang mabapi le mekhoa ea ho tseba lintho tse amanang le maemo a sa tšoaneng (e leng, thuto ea ho fetola) e bontša mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa liphello, e leng, ho ithuta ho fetola bophelo bo botle ka botenya le BED. Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le liphapang ka mantsoe a valence ea thuto ea ho fetola ho se nang matla (ie, moputso le kotlo), e neng e fapane hohle maemo (ke hore, botenya feela kapa botenya haholo le BED). Tlhaloso e ka hlakileng ea liphuputso tse makatsang ke hore batho ba mahlomoleng ba nang le BED ba ka 'na ba arabela ka ho latela mekhoa ea boipheliso e fetileng, ha batho ba bangata ba se nang BED ba ka' na ba ba le monyetla o moholo oa ho qoba ho arabela ho latela mekhoa ea pele ea boitšoaro (Banca et al., ). Khopolo ena e ts'ehetsoa ke ho fumanoa ha kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea ho putsa le ho ba le kotsing e ntlafetseng e amanang le moputso oa batho ba bangata ba nang le BED, empa eseng ba se nang (Voon et al., ). Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tsena ha li lumellane le maikutlo a tloaelehileng a hore BED e tšehetsoa ke mekhoa e matla ea ho matlafatsa (Vannucci et al., ). Leha ho le joalo, ho 'nile ha etsoa tlhahiso ea hore BED e khetholloe ke ho holofala ha tlhaho ka ho feto-fetoha ha moelelo (Voon et al., ). Ka hona, ho hlokahala lithuto tse tsoelang pele ho tlosa karolo ea thuto ea ho fetola botenya le BED. Qetellong, ho ne ho se na bopaki ba ho ithuta ho fetola batho ba nang le BN kapa FA, ka hona, liphuputso li lekanyelitsoe ho batho ba bangata ba nang le BED kapa ntle le BED.

Lipatlisiso li boetse li senola lipatlisiso tse fapaneng, tse ka 'nang tsa bakoa ke ho fapana ha sethomo sa mehlala (mohlala, lilemo le BMI) le mokhoa (e leng, ho itlaleha hohle le ho fumanoa BE; mesebetsi e fapaneng ea tsebo e sebelisitsoeng ho lekanya bokhoni ba ho feto-fetoha). Ka mohlala, mosebetsi oa ID / ED o hlophisoa ho lekanyetsa likarolo tse ngata tsa ho qobelloa ho qobelloa, e leng, thuto ea ho fetola le ho beha-setha (Wildes et al., ), ha mekhoa ea TMT-B e le feela matla a ho beha-ho fetoha. Tlhaloso e 'ngoe e ka hlakileng ea liphuputso tse sa tsejoeng libukeng ke hore batho ba nang le mathata a ho ja kapa botenya ba bona ba ka' na ba bontša litšenyehelo likarolong tse ling tsa likarolo tsa ho beha-fetola (mohlala, ho kenyelletsa le ho arolelana le mosebetsi), empa eseng ba bang (mohlala , ho boloka mosebetsi o nepahetseng molemong oa Inthaneteng ho sebetsa mohopolong). Ka hona, likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tse amehang mesebetsing e sa tšoaneng e sebelisitsoeng hohle liphuputsong li ka tlatsetsa liphellong tse sa lumellaneng ho sena. Tumellanong le khopolo ena, tlhahlobo ea meta ea morao-rao e bontšitse boholo ba matla bo boima ba ho fetoha ka tsela e sa sebetseng BN, BED le botenya haholo (Wu et al., ), e leng se bontšang hore lintlha tse ling li ka 'na tsa sebelisana le ho beha-fetola ho bolela esale pele boitšoaro bo boima ba ho ja. Re hlophisitsoe, tlhahlobo ea rona le tlhahlobo ea meta ea Wu et al. () e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho se sebetse ho feto-fetoha ke moelelo o le mong oa ho tseba lintho tse amanang le ho qobella motho hore a tlatse boitšoaro bo qobelloang.

Liphuputso tsa tlhahlobo ena li boetse li fana ka bopaki ba ho hlokomoloha / ho qheleloa ho se tsotelle bakeng sa lijo tse sa pheleng hantle, ka BED, botenya, le BED ka botenya, le hoja e seng lithuto tsohle tse bontšitseng phello ena, e lumellanang le tlhahlobo ea morao tjena ka ho ameha haholo ka mathata a amanang le BE (Stojek et al., ). Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le phapang e khōlō mesebetsing e sebelisetsoang ho hlahloba ho ba le mekhoa e metle, e leng, Stroop Emotional or VPT, eo qetello ea eona e ka khethollang phapang pakeng tsa boiketlo le ho se khone ho qoba. Ho phaella moo, mosebetsi oa Stroop o hloka mesebetsi ea ts'ebetso ntle le tlhokomelo, ho kenyeletsa le ho thibela tšireletso (Balleine le Dickinson, ;; de Wit le Dickinson, ), kahoo, ho ba le mekhoa e metle ho ka 'na ha amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo qobelloang ka tsela e sa tobang ho feta likarolo tse ling tse nahanang. Lipatlisiso tse fokolang li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho rata kapa ho qheleloa habonolo ho BN kapa FA, e ileng ea boela ea boleloa tlhahlobisong ea Stojek et al. (). Ka hona, lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho sebelisa mesebetsi e hlahlobang mekhoa e meholo ea ho hlokomoloha le ho qheleloa kelellong ka lebaka la ho ferekana ka lebaka la mathata a amanang le ho ja.

Mesebetsi e sebelisetsoang ho hlahloba mokhoa oa ho tloaela mokhoa oa boits'oaro e boetse e bontšitse ho holofala ha botenya le BED, le hoja lithuto tsa lefapha lena li lekanyelitsoe ho batho bana ba babeli ba jang. Ho fumanoa hore tšebetso ea ho ithuta ka mokhoa oa ho itloaetsa mokhoa oa ho itloaetsa mokhoa o bontšitsoe ka mekhoa e sa sebeliseng mohlala le mekhoa ea ho lekanya liketsahalo, empa eseng mosebetsi oa lihlopha o bontša hore mesebetsi ena e ka lekanya likarolo tse fapaneng tsa thuto ea tloaelo. Ka mohlala, boitšoaro bo ka 'na ba e-ba sepheo sa sepheo se sa nepahaleng-tsamaiso e laoloang kapa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa mokhoa oa tloaelo, o ka khetholloang ho sebelisa mosebetsi oa bobeli (Stonom et al., ). Ho feta moo, mofuta oa phallo ea liphello likarolong tsa ts'ebetso. Ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ho amanang le botenya boemong ba ho utloa bohloko ha lipuisano (Herbert le Pollatos, ), tlhahiso ea tekanyetso dessyecik satiation (Horstmann et al., ) e ka 'na ea se ke ea atleha ho feta tlhahlobo ea liphello dessyecik taeo bakeng sa batho ba fetang boima ba 'mele / ba feteletseng (Dietrich et al., ;; Watson et al., ). Le hoja bopaki ba ho itšireletsa ka mokhoa oa ho tloaela mokhoa oa boitšoaro bo ne bo tsitsitse haholoanyane ho BED ho feta ho nona haholo, lithuto tse ling li hlokahala ho fihlela liqeto li etsoa.

Meeli le Litsela tsa Patlisiso ea Nakong e Tlang

Tlhaloso ea rona e totobatsa mosebetsi o hlahelang ka litsebo tsa ts'oaetso, empa likarolo tse tsitsitseng tsa ho qobella ho ja phantotype, tse sa ntsaneng li hloka ho kenngoa ka mokhoa o nahanang oa ho qobelloa ho qobelloa. Ka ho khetheha, ha ho hlake hore na mekhoa e mebe ea ho matlafatsa (e leng, ho ja maikutlo) kapa ho thibela lijo le ho tšoenyeha / khatello ea kelello e amanang le eona, e leng lits'ebetso tse ka sehloohong tsa ho ja lijo tse qobelloang BN, BED le botenya haholo, li ka amahanngoa le likarolo tse nahanisanoang ke Fineberg et al . (). Lipatlisiso mabapi le thuto ea tloaelo li bontša hore ho leka-lekanngoa pakeng tsa mokhoa le sepheo-tsamaiso ea ho laola liketso e ka 'na ea itšetleha ka lintho tse kang khatello ea maikutlo (Schwabe le Wolf, ), ha ho ntse ho e-na le liphetoho tse behiloeng tse khethiloeng ke ho tšoenyeha (Billingsley-Marshall et al., ), le ho hlokomoloha litabeng tsa lijo tse sa jeseng hantle ho itekanetse ke ho ja maikutlo (Hepworth et al., ). Lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho hlahloba hore na ho ja ha maikutlo le khatello ea kelello / matšoenyeho ho amahanngoa le likhaello tse amanang le ts'oaetso ea ho qobella motho hore a tsebe ho hlaheloa ke lefu la ho phehella.

Tlhahisoleseding, liphuputso tsa tlhahlobo ea morao tjena li boetse li na le moelelo oa kutloisiso ea rona ea hona joale ea mathata a ho ja. Haholo-holo, mathata a ho ja, e leng, BN le BED, a nkoa e le mathata a kelello, athe botenya bo atisa ho nkoa e le boemo ba 'mele. Ha re fumana hore mathata a ho ja le botenya li arolelana liphetoho tse tloaelehileng tse amanang le ho qobella motho ho lumellana le khopolo ea hore botenya bo ka ntlafatsoa habonolo e le lefu la bobebe le khetholloang ke mekhoa ea boipheliso le ea mantlha, ea kutloisiso le ea boitšoaro e teng hohle ho sa tsotellehe mathata a ho ja (Volkow le Bohlale, ;; Wilson, ). Leha ho le joalo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore botenya ke boloetse bo bongata haholo, le hore "phantotype ea ho ja" ho qobelloa, e khetholloang ke ho pheta-pheta, ho se na homeostatic mosebetsing, ka liphello tse bohloko, le hore e le litsela tsa ho imolla khatello ea kelello, ka boima bo feteletseng. Ho feta moo, ha rea ​​kenyelletsa lithuto tsa mafu a mangata a ho ja a ka 'nang a kenyelletsa likarolo tsa ho ja lijo tse qobelloang (mohlala, BE / purging mofuta oa Anorexia Nervosa (AN) kapa E' ngoe e Hlalosetsoeng ho Feptjoa kapa Ho ja Mathata, Purging Disorder, kapa Night Eating Syndrome). Leha ho le joalo, ho kenyeletsoa ha mathata a rona ho lumellana le litlhahlobo tsa morao-rao ka boitšoaro bo qobelloang e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea mathata a mang a ho ja (ke hore, BED), botenya, le maikutlo a hlahang a FA (Moore et al., ). Ho phaella moo, tlhahlobo ena e tsepamisitse maikutlo feela ka mekhoa ea ho utloisisa mohopolo, mme ka hona, ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea neural le ea boitšoaro e amanang le ho qobelloa ho qobelloa ha maemo a amanang le ho ja e sa ntse e ka khethoa. Habohlokoa, libaka tse 'nè tsa ts'ebetso ea ho qobelloa ho qobelloa li hlahisoa hore li be le li-correlates tse fapaneng. Le hoja ho ne ho se ho feta tekanyo ea tlhahlobo ea morao-rao, liphuputso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho ikemisetsa ho hlahloba mekhoa e meholo ea marang-rang a libaka tse nang le tsebo ea mohopolo tabeng ea ho ja.

Qetellong, re nahana ka bohlokoa ba liphuputso tsena, ho kenyeletsa ho nahanisisa ka hore na ho qobelloa ho qobelloa ke eng ho tloaelehile ho hlahlojoa ha ho ja le ho fokolloa ha litsela tse joalo. Ntlha ea pele, mesebetsi ea tsebo e sebelisitsoeng liphuputsong tse hlahlobetsoeng e alimiloe ho tsoa litsing tse ling, kahoo, mesebetsi e meng e sebelisitsoe ho lekanyetsa ho hahoa ha mekhoa e mengata (ke hore, ho thibela kapa ho beha-shifiting) kapa e sa ka ea sebetsa ka mokhoa o hlakileng molemong oa ho qobelloa. Ka hona, liphuputso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho sebelisa mesebetsi e nahannoang ka mokhoa o hlakileng e le hore e lekanyetse likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho qobelloa. Ntlha ea bobeli, boholo ba lipatlisiso tse hlalositsoeng li hlahlobile lihlopha tse fapaneng (ke hore, litlhoko tsa kliniki le ho laola bophelo bo botle) ​​ka ts'ebetso e amanang le likamano tse amanang le boikarabello. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse fokolang li ile tsa hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa lits'ebeletso le mesebetsi ea ho qobella boitšoaro. Ka hona, lithuto tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho kenyelletsa litlhaloso tsa boipelaetso tsa ho hlahloba likarabo tsa phenotypic tsa boitšoaro bo qobelloang, ho akarelletsa le sekhahla sa Obsessive Compulsive Eating Scale (Niemiec et al., ) kapa Sebōpeho sa Habit Scale (Ersche et al., ).

Ho phaella moo, ho ne ho se na lithuto tsa liteko tsa bakhanni ba nang le tsebo e amanang le ho qobelloa ho qobelloa ke FA, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho na le tšoaetso e hlahelang e kang tšitiso e tloaelehileng ea boitšoaro (Davis, ). Ka lebaka leo, ha hoa utloahala hore na ho thoe'ng ha likarolo tsa FA li e-na le ho holofala ha likamano tse amanang le ho qobella motho hore a sebetsane le BN, BED le botenya haholo. Ha e le hantle, boholo ba lipatlisiso ka FA bo tsepamisitse maikutlo matšoao a meriana a lekanyelitsoeng le YFAS; Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse sa tsoa etsoa morao tjena li tlalehile ketso e sa tsitsang ea maikutlo (ke hore, ho ea / ho se ke ea arabela likarabo; Meule et al., ) le khetho (ke hore, ho lieha ho fokotsa lintho; VanderBroek-Stice et al., ) ka FA. Liphuputso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho hlahloba ts'ebeliso ea ho tseba lintho tse amanang le ho qobelloa ho etsa lintho ka ho feletseng ho FA ho fumana hore na ho joalo le ho khetholloang ke ho haelloa ho joalo.

Ntho e 'ngoe e fokolang ea lingoliloeng tse nchafalitsoeng ke hore liphuputso li itšetlehile haholo ka likarolo tse fapaneng ho e-na le liqapi tsa nako e telele. Ka hona, ho latela nako ea likarolo tse ling tsa mohopolo oa ho qobella batho ho ja lijo tse tsitsitseng ho sa hlokahale. Ha e le hantle, likhaello tsa ts'ebetso ea mohopolo li ka amahanngoa le nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba ho ja, 'me le maemo a amanang le ho ja. Ka mohlala, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le bokhoni bo sa nepahaleng ba ho fetola boitšoaro ka mor'a maikutlo a fosahetseng kapa ho ameha haholoanyane ka lijo tse fanang ka lijo ho eketsa kotsing ea ho ba le ho ja lijo tse qobelloang. Ntle le moo, litšenyehelo tsena e ka 'na ea e-ba phello ea ho ja lijo tse qobelloang le tse joalo, tse amanang le ho hlajoa ke maemo a amanang le ho ja le liphello tsa phekolo. Re nahana hore sena e ka ba ts'ebetso e matla eo ho eona ho nang le litšobotsi tse sa tsitsitseng ho hlaolela boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba ho ja bo ntseng bo eketseha ka mekhoa ea ho ithuta e matlafatsang le e fokolang. Liphuputso tsa nakong e tlang le tsa longitudinal li lokela ho hlahloba hore na ho qobelloa ke ho qobelloa ke ts'oaetso ke ntho e bakang ts'oaetso, e leng se qalileng ho ntlafatsa botenya kapa ho kula, kapa hore na e koaheloa ke ho qala ha matšoao a kliniki, kapa ka bobeli. Hape ke habohlokoa ho bona hore na ho itšoara ka tsela e thata ho bontša hore ho fetoloa ho tloha bohlokong bo feteletseng ho tlōla molao, joalo ka ha ho etsoa tlhahiso ea mekhoa ea ho lemala (Everitt le Robbins, ). Ho phaella moo, tlhahlobo ea morao-rao e lebisitsoe ho liphuputso tse neng li hlahloba mekhoa ea ho tseba likhokahano tse amanang le ho qobella batho, kahoo ha rea ​​ka ra hlahloba bopaki ba mekhoa ea kutloisiso e amanang le mohopolo. Ka lebaka leo, ha ho hlake hore na litloaelo tsa ts'oaetso le ho qobelloa ho amana li amana joang le mekhoa e amanang le ho ja, kapa hore na ba ka sebelisana joang le mekhoa e meng e kang ho etsa liqeto.

Ho itšetlehile ka meeli e boletsoeng ka holimo, re etsa litlhahiso tse 'maloa bakeng sa patlisiso e tlang. Ntlha ea pele, lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho hlahloba likarolo tsohle tse 'nè tse nang le likamano tse amanang le ho qobelloa ho qobella batho ho etsa lintho tse itseng molemong oa thuto e tšoanang ho batho ba itseng (mohlala, bakuli ba nang le BED), ho e-na le ho hlahloba likaroloana tse sa tšoaneng. Ka ho ts'oana, lipatlisiso li lokela ho hlahloba likarolo tsena tse 'nè tse sebetsanoang ka mokhoa oa ho ja, tse tla re lumella hore re bone hore na ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho khanna boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba ho itima lijo. Ho feta moo, tse ling tsa mekhoa ea kutloisiso e hlahlojoang (ke hore, ho beha-ho fetola le ho ithuta ka ho fetola) ke likarolo tse ling tsa lits'ebetso tse phahameng tsa ho hlophisa, tse nang le mekhoa e metle (Wildes et al., ). Ka lebaka leo, ho ka ba molemo ho lekanya likaroloana tsena tse peli sehlopheng se le seng ho fumana hore na ba kopanngoa joang ho bolela esale pele boitšoaro bo qobelloang bo thehiloeng ho liphutheho tse khethiloeng tsa neural circuitry (Fineberg et al., ). Habohlokoa, ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea likamano tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate ka mekhahlelo e sa tšoaneng ea litaba tse amanang le ho ja ho sebelisoa ho etsoa ka nako e telele kapa ho nka nako e telele ho tla etsa hore ho boleloe hore ho na le tšekamelo ea ho itšoara ka mokhoa o qobelloang. Ho phaella moo, lipatlisiso tsa nako e telele li tla ba le maikutlo a ho tsebisa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea thibelo ea phekolo ea phekolo ea meriana e reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, e ka 'nang ea e-ba mokhoa o tšepisang oa ho fokotsa mekhoa ea ho itšoara ka mekhoa e mengata ea mathata a mefuta-futa.

fihlela qeto e

Liphuputso tsa tse ling tsa lithuto tse kenyelletsoeng li tšehetsa khopolo ea hore ho senyeha ha likarolo tse amanang le ho qobelloa ho qobella motho ho ikemela ho ka hlalosa maemo a mangata a ho ja, le hoja bopaki bo ne bo sa lumellane kapa bo haelloa ke mathata a mang. Lintho tse fapaneng tse fumanoeng libakeng tse ngata li ka 'na tsa bakoa ke mesebetsi e fapaneng ea ho hlahloba litsebo le ho khoneha ho sebelisana le ho thibela lijo, ho tšoenyeha / khatello ea maikutlo, le ho ja ha maikutlo. Lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho hlahloba likarolo tse ling tsa likamano tsa ho qobella batho ho qobella, ho kenyelletsa mehato ea ho ja lijo tse qobelloang, le ho sebelisa liqapi tsa nako e telele bakeng sa ho tsebisa lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle ba matšoao a ho qobelloa ho qobelloa ho qobelloa ho qobelloa ke ho qobelloa ho qobelloa ke ho qobella motho ho qobella.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

NK le AV-G li tlatselitse ho nahana ka tlhahlobo. NK o ngotse moqolo oa pele oa mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho. NK, EA le AV-G ba ile ba ngola likarolo tsa mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho. Bangoli bohle ba tlatselitse phetolelong e ngotsoeng ka letsoho, bala le ho amohela phetolelo e rometsoeng.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

Lithuso. NK e ne e tšehelitsoe ke Setsi sa Bongaka, Booki le Saense ea Bophelo Bridging Postdoctoral Fsoci ho tsoa Univesithing ea Monash, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. EA e ne e tšehelitsoe ke phepelo ea Lijo, Temoho le Boitšoaro e tsoang ho Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO, grant 057-14-001). AV-G e ile ea ts'ehetsoa ke Next Generation Clinical Researchers Career Development Fellowship Level Level II ho tsoa ho Australia Medical Research Future Fund (MRF1141214) mme a fumana thuso ea projeke (GNT1140197) ho tsoa ho National Health & Medical Research Council.

References

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