Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng le hyperpalatability: na li khothalletsa ho ja ho ja ho tlōla? (2011)

© 2011 Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Nutla

  1. Nicole M Avena 'me
  2. Mark S Khauta

+ Boikarabello ba Mongoli

  1. 1Ho tsoa Univesithing ea Florida, K'holejeng ea Bongaka, Setsi sa Bongaka sa McK Night, Lefapha la Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL (NMA le MSG), le Univesithi ea Prosteton, Lefapha la Psychology, Princeton, NJ (NMA).

+ Lintlha tsa Sengoli

  • 2 E tšehelitsoe ke Univesithi ea Florida.
  • Lenane la aterese la 3 ho NM Avena, Univesithi ea Florida, K'holejeng ea Bongaka, Setsi sa McK Night Brain, 100 South Newell Drive, L4-100, Lefapha la Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL 32611. Lengolo-tsoibila: [imeile e sirelelitsoe].

Bona sengoloa se tsamaellanang leqepheng 371.

Maikutlo a hore lijo li bile teng ka lebaka la tlhokahalo le takatso e fetisisang ea ntho e lakatsehang le ntho e hlekefetsang e 'nile ea phetoa ka lilemo tse mashome (1). Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tse fetileng tsa 10 y, lithuto tse matlafatsang li senotse lipakeng tsa mekhoa e mebe ea ho ja lijo tse seng mpe, tseo ka linako tse ling li bonoang bothateng, le ts'ebelisong ea lithethefatsi (2). Ka lebaka leo, "ho lemalla" lijo tse matlafatsoang ho khothalelitsoe, ka maikutlo a tšoanang a amanang le methapo le boitšoaro a bonoa lithutong tsa batho le mehlaleng ea liphoofolo (2, 3). Liphoofolong tsa liphoofolo, lipontšo tsa ho ikhula joalo ka opiate li ka bonoa kamora ts'ebetso ea naloxone maemong ao ho ona liphoofolo li nang le nalane ea ho ipolaea ho sa feleng. Ntle le moo, ho 'nile ha tlalehoa hore ho na le mamello le tšusumetso ea maikutlo lipakeng tsa joala, amphetamine kapa cocaine le tšebeliso e feteletseng ea sucrose. Ka boits'oaro bona ke liphetoho tse tšoanang ho mesolimbic dopamine le li-opioid system tse tsamaellanang le litlamorao tse bonoang ho arabela lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa tlhekefetso, leha liphoofolo li itšetleha ka lijo tse monate. Lithuto tsa batho li entsoe ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa psychometric ho supa tšibollo ea lijo (Yale Food Addiction Scale) (4), ka liphumano tse bonts'ang ts'ebetso e eketsang ts'ebetso ea neural libakeng tse amanang le moputso e le sehokelo sa lintlha tsa tšibollo ea lijo (3). Mosebetsi o mong o amahantse botenya le matšoao a neural a ho lemalla.5). Ka kopanelo, motheong oa lintlha tsena le tse ling tse tlatselletsang, ho ka etsahala hore karabelo e tlatsetsang lijong tse fumanehang habonolo, ka karolo e 'ngoe e ka khothaletsa takatso ea lijo e ka ekehang ka linako tse ling ea botenya.

Mosebetsi oa morao-rao o entsoeng ke Epstein et al (6) tse tlalehiloeng makasineng ena ea Phatlalatso e phahamisa tšibollo ea litlamorao tsa lijo ka ho hlahisa datha e ncha e shebaneng le mohopolo oa ho tloaela lijo tse fumanehang habonolo ho basali. Hoa tsebahala hore ho pepesehela lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso ho ka nolofalletsa mamello, moo ho pepesetsoa khafetsa ho lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso ho hlahisa boemo boo ho bona litekanyetso tse eketsehileng tsa lithethefatsi li hlahisang litlamorao. Ho fapana le seo motho a ka se lebellang ho tsoa ho tšibollo ea litheko, lithuto tse fetileng li bontšitse hore maemong a tloaelehileng batho ba tloaetse ho tloaela ho hlahisoa ha lijo tse tšoanang, empa phello e kanna ea ba ea nakoana.7). Mona, Epstein et al o ile a hlahloba litlamorao tsa nakoana tsa ho pepesetsoa lijo tse fumanehang bolulong, ka ho fa basali ka mokhoa o sa laoleheng le ba sa batloang ho amohela lijo tse matlafatsang tsa macaroni le chisi letsatsi le letsatsi kapa hanngoe ka beke bakeng sa 5 wk. Ho tloaela tloaelo le ho ja lijo tse fokolisitsoeng ho ile ha bonoa ka potlako ho basali ba batenya le ba seng basali ka bongata sehlopheng sa nehelano ea letsatsi le letsatsi ho feta sehlopheng se buletsoeng lijo tse fumanehang habonolo beke le beke (6).

Se fumanoeng ke Epstein et al (6) fana ka ts'ehetso le tataiso ho nts'etsopele likeletso tsa lijo, joalo ka tlhahiso ea hore batho ba leke ho ja lijo tse tšoanang letsatsi le leng le le leng, moo maemo a ho lula teng a ka fokotsang menyetla ea ho nona haholo le botena bo tlang. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi o fetileng o bontšitse hore ho ba le mefuta e fapaneng ea tatso e fumanehang ho ka khothaletsa tšebeliso ea matla (8). Kahoo, mefuta e fapaneng ea khetho ea lijo e fumanehang e bonahala e le bohlokoa ho khetholla hore na ho lula le ho lula kapa ho se mamelle lijo ho ka hlahisoa. Tikolohong ea rona ea kajeno ea lijo, monotony le ho tšoana ha tsona lijong li fumaneha seoelo. Mefuta e fapaneng ea lijo tsa merabe, libaka tsa ho jella lijo tse potlakileng hoo e ka bang k'honeng e ngoe le e 'ngoe, le likhetho tse ngata tsa lijo tse matlafatsoang tseo re li hlahisang li hlahisa lijo tse ngata tse fapaneng, tse monate tseo re khethang lijo tsa rona ka tsona. Ntle le moo, tsoelo-pele ea tlhahiso ea lijo le temo, hammoho le lijo tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, e re lumella ho ja litholoana le meroho selemo ho pota, e leng ho eketsang khetho ea lijo le khetho ea rona haholo. Kahoo, mosebetsi oa Epstein et al o bohlokoa ho nahanisisa ka ho nahanisisa le ho rala meralo ea lijo sebakeng sa rona se nang le mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa. Ho hlakile hore, ba rerileng lijo tsa mots'eare tsa sekolo le liofisiri tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ba lokela ho hlokomela hore phapang ea menyu ha se bokhabane, mme ka 'nete e kanna ea amahanngoa le ho khothaletsa ho ja lijo tse ngata le palo e kholo ea boima ba' mele.

Le ha e le mosebetsi oa Epstein et al (6) ke kenyelletso ea bohlokoa haholo ho lingoliloeng, e lekantsoe ka ho kenyelletsa basali feela e le lithuto. Hoa tsebahala hore lithethefatsi tse ling (mohlala, joala, koae) li bonts'a phapang e hlakileng ea thobalano ho latela tsela eo batho ba arabelang lithethefatsing le litabeng tsa lithethefatsi. Ho feta moo, mosebetsi ke Wang et al (9) e bontšitse hore taolo ea kelello ea inhibitory e mabapi le takatso ea ho ja e hatelloa ho basali, empa eseng ho banna, mme sena e ka ba sesosa sa phapang ea thobalano le botenya. Kahoo, ho tla ba bohlokoa ho tsoela pele ho lekola hore na liphetho tse fumanoeng thutong ea joale li fetela ho banna.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho fumana hore bolulo ba nako e telele ho lijo tse fumanehang hantle ho ka etsahala ho bohlokoa ho nts'etsapele kutloisiso ea rona ea taolo ea lijo, mme mohlomong le ho fokotsa ho nona ho feta tekano. Ho ja ho se nang phepelo ho ntse ho ithutoa le ho feta, ho hlohlelletsoa ka karolo ka boiteko ba ho utloisisa le ho fokotsa seoa sa botenya. Leha re ithutile ho hongata ka boits'oaro bo susumetsoang ke ho fepa batho lilemong tsa morao tjena, haholo-holo mabapi le ho ja joala haholo, re ntse re sa tsebe ho nka bohato bo botle bo tšepisang. Patlisiso ea bokhoba ba lijo le phetolelo ea ho nona le botenya li matlafatsoa ke ho fumana bolulo. Haeba tšebeliso ea matla e fokotsehile kamora ho qekisetsoa khafetsa lijong tse tšoanang, mohato o latelang e tla ba ho utloisisa methapo ea kelello e sebetsang le ts'ebetso ena. Ho ntse ho hlaka hore mekhoa e mecha ea meriana e amanang le tšebeliso ea litlolo e ka qetella e se e thehiloe kalafo ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi (10). Tsebo ea mekhoa ea ho fepa le mefuta ea lijo tse hlahisang mokhoa oa ho lula ha o bapisoa le maikutlo ke ea bohlokoa ho ntšetseng pele mokhoa oa rona oa ho ithuta kalafo ea mefuta e meng ea ho nona e le tlhekefetso.

lumela hore baa fokola

Ha ho mongoli le ea mong ea neng a e-na le khohlano ea lithahasello ea ho tlaleha.

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