Ho phehella papali ea chelete: bothata ba motho kapa moqapi oa mochine? (2018)

Buka ea 5, che. 1, p20-21, Pherekhong 2018

Litsebi tse ling tse bitsoang murat yücel, Adrian Carter, Kevin Harrigan, Ruth J van Holst, Charles Livingstone

E phatlalalitsoe: Pherekhong 2018

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30467-4

Likotsi tsa tloaelo ea papali ea chelete eo u tloaetseng ho e tloaela le eo u sa e tloaelang e mengata, 'me li ama batho ka bomong, malapa, bahiri le sechaba. Le ha nts'etsopele ea bothata ba papali ea chelete ea ho becha ke libapali tsa metjhini ea elektroniki ea papali ea chelete (EGMs) e kenyelletsa tšebelisano e rarahaneng lipakeng tsa lintlha tse ngata (mohlala, mekhoa ea ho etsa liqeto, ho fumaneha ha libaka tsa papali ea chelete), ho na le tlhokomeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea karolo ea moralo oa mochine molemong oa phetoho ea ho hloka kelello.1, 2 Re tiisa hore li-EGM li entsoe ka boomo le lintho tse bopetsoeng ka hloko (litšobotsi tsa sebopeho) tse fetolang likarolo tsa mantlha tsa ho etsa liqeto le boits'oaro ba batho, tse kang maemo a maemo a holimo le a ts'ebetso, khethollo ea kelello, le matšoao a dopamine. Litšobotsi tsa sebopeho li kenyelletsa maqhubu a liketsahalo tse phahameng (ho nolofalletsa papali e sa khaotseng), litekanyetso tsa tšebeliso ea tšebeliso e sa reroang, haufi le tahlehelo, tahlehelo e hlahang e le lits'oants'o, ho becha ha multiline, le ho tiisa ho matlafatsang le ho bonoang.3 Tšusumetso e nyane ea sebopeho se le seng holim'a e 'ngoe ha e hlake, empa litlamorao e ka ba tse tsamaisang mohopolo o matla bo lebisang menahanong le boits'isong bo amanang le papali ea chelete. Litšobotsi tsena tsa moralo li kanna tsa hlalosa hore na hobaneng, ho latela mekhoa e meng ea papali ea chelete, ts'ebeliso ea EGM e hokahane le mokhoa o potlakileng oa ho becha o kotsi, ho kenyelletsoa le papali ea chelete e mpe le tse ling tsa likotsi tseo.4 Ho fumaneha ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa li-EGM le ho tloaela papali ea papali ea chelete ka ho bapatsa le ho fumaneha ho atisitse liphetho tsena. Re fana ka maikutlo a hore litšebelisano tsena tsa kopantsoeng tsa mochini oa batho li fetoha karolo e phehellang ea boemo ha boitsoaro bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho tloha tloaelong ho ea bohlong kapa bokhobeng (palo).

Moetso oa khopolo ea hore na likarolo tsa moralo oa mochini oa papali ea papali ea chelete ea elektroniki li sebelisana joang le likarolo tsa meralo ea motho, kelello le boitsoaro mehatong ea papali ea chelete.

Moetso oa tšusumetso ea ho lemalla5 e fana ka sebopeho se matla sa "neurobiological" bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea dopamine, maemo le likotsi tse fetotsoeng li ka kopana ho ikarabella bakeng sa taolo e fokotsehileng le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea ho bapala papali ea chelete ha motho ea kotsing e kholo ea bothata ba ho becha a tobane le li-EGM. Kutloisiso e qaqileng haholoanyane ea tšebelisano lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa moralo ona oa mochini le likarolo tsa ho nka liqeto le boitšoaro ba batho, ho kenyelletsa le litšebelisano tsa bona har'a lihlopha tse tlokotsing (bacha, ba nang le bokuli ba kelello, kapa ba tlasa khatello ea maikutlo le kelello), e tla fana ka leseli la bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa Lihlahisoa tse sireletsehileng tsa papali ea chelete. Ts'ebeliso ea nnete ea nnete le mekhoa ea li-neuroscience e kopaneng kapa ea liqeto e ka fana ka lipatlisiso tse sebetsang tsa 'nete tsa nako ea tlhaho le liphetoho tsa' mele tse amanang le tšebeliso ea kelello, le 'mele nakong ea papali ea chelete.

Phetoho e potlakileng ea melao ea EGM ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea litšobotsi tsa sebopeho likotsi tse amanang le papali ea chelete ea hlokahala. Menyetla e mengata bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea molao bakeng sa ho fokotsa ho ata le ho lemala ha papali ea chelete, ho kenyelletsoa sebaka le mochine, ho fetoloa hoa litšobotsi tsa EGM, kutloisiso le ntlafatso ea basebelisi le tšebeliso ea lits'ebetso ho thusa basebelisi ho etsa le ho boloka meeli ea papali ea chelete.2 Nako e se e fihlile ea ho thibela tšenyo e 'ngoe e amanang le ho becha le ho sireletsa sechaba sa rona.

Ha ho thuso ea lichelete e fumanoeng mabapi le sengoloa sa joale. KE Tlaleha lithuso ho tsoa Lekhotleng la Sechaba la Bophelo le Lipatlisiso tsa Bongaka, Lekhotla la Patlisiso la Australia, David Winston Turner Endowment Fund, ho tsoa Univesithing ea Monash, le ho tsoa ho likhoebo tsa molao mabapi le tlaleho ea paki ea setsebi kapa polelo. AC e tlaleha lithuso tse tsoang ho Lekhotla la Naha la Bophelo le Lipatlisiso tsa Bongaka, nakong ea thuto. CL e tlaleha limpho tse tsoang ho Victoria ea Ikarabellang ea Papali ea Papali ea Chelete, Lekhotla la Patlisiso la Australia, Motse oa Melbourne, Maribyrnong City Council, Toropo ea Whittlesea, Alliance for Gurb Reform, ntle le mosebetsi o rometsoeng. RJvH le KH ha ba phatlalatse lithahasello tsa tlholisano.

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