LITLHAHISO: Boithuto bo bontša hore matlafatso a tlhaho - tsoekere - a ka baka litlamorao tse tšoanang le sethethefatsi se lemalloang: ho itšepa, ho mamellana le ho khaotsa. Tsoekere e bakile liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea dopamine-ke hore, dysregulation ea dopamine.
Likhoto li ile tsa noa joala haholo ho feta tse tloaelehileng kamora hore tsoekere ea tsona e felisitsoe, ho bontša hore mokhoa oa ho itlopa lijo o entse liphetoho tšebetsong ea boko.
ScienceDaily (Dec. 11, 2008) - Rasaense oa Univesithi ea Princeton o tla hlahisa bopaki bo bocha kajeno ho bonts'a tsoekere e ka ba ntho e lemalloang, e sebelisa matla a eona holima matla a liphoofolo tsa lab ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa tlhekefetso.
Moprofesa Bart Hoebel le sehlopha sa hae Lefapheng la Psychology le Priston Neuroscience Institute ba ithutile matšoao a ho lemalla tsoekere ho likhoto ka lilemo. Ho fihlela joale, likhoto tse ithutoang li kopane le tse peli ho tse tharo tsa tlhekefetso. Ba bontšitse mokhoa oa ho tloaela ho ja haholo mme ba bontšitse matšoao a ho ikhula. Liteko tsa hae tsa hona joale li ile tsa hapa takatso le ho khutla hape ho phethela setšoantšo.
"Haeba ho itlopa joala e le mofuta o mong oa bokhoba, ho lokela ho ba le litlamorao tse tšoarellang bokong ba batho ba lemaletseng tsoekere," Hoebel o boletse. "Ho lakatsa le ho oela hape ke likarolo tsa bohlokoahali tsa bokhoba ba tahi, mme re khonne ho bonts'a boits'oaro bona ka likhoto tse noang tsoekere ka mekhoa e mengata."
Sebokeng sa selemo le selemo sa koleche ea Amerika ea Neuropsychopharmacology e Scottsdale, Ariz., Hoebel o tla tlaleha ka liphetoho tse tebileng tsa boitšoaro ho likhoto tseo, ka maemo a liteko, ba koetliselitsoeng ho ba ba itšetlehileng ka tekanyetso e phahameng ea tsoekere.
"Re na le sete ea pele ea lithuto tse felletseng tse bonts'ang tlhahiso e matla ea ho lemalla tsoekere ho likhoto le mochini o ka e bakang," ho boletse Hoebel. Seo a se fumaneng qetellong se ka ba le moelelo bakeng sa kalafo ea batho ba nang le mathata a ho ja, o boletse joalo.
Liphoofolo tsa Lab, litekong tsa Hoebel, tse ileng tsa haneloa tsoekere nako e telele kamora ho ithuta ho itlopa joala li ile tsa sebetsa ka thata ho e fumana ha e ne e khutlisetsoa ho tsona. Ba ile ba ja tsoekere e ngata ho feta leha e le neng pele, ba fana ka maikutlo a takatso le boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Sepheo sa bona sa tsoekere se ne se hola. "Tabeng ena, ho ithiba ho etsa hore pelo e hole," ho boletse Hoebel.
Likhoto li ile tsa noa joala bo bongata ho feta bo tloaelehileng kamora hore phepelo ea bona ea tsoekere e khaoloe, ho bontša hore boits'oaro ba ho itlopa joala bo bakile liphetoho tšebetsong ea boko. Mesebetsi ena e sebelisitsoe e le "menyako" ea litsela tse ling tsa boits'oaro bo kotsi, joalo ka keketseho ea ho noa joala. Mme, kamora ho amohela lethal dose ea amphetamine ka tloaelo e le nyane haholo ha e na tšusumetso, ba ile ba fetoha mafolofolo haholo. Ho ba le kutloelo-bohloko ho psychostimulant ke phello ea nako e telele ea boko e ka bang karolo ea tahi, Hoebel o itse.
Lintlha tse tla hlahisoa ke Hoebel li fumaneha pampiring ea lipatlisiso e isitsoeng ho The Journal of Nutrition. Ho etela bafuputsi Nicole Avena, ea mo fumaneng Ph.D. ho tsoa ho Princeton ho 2006, le Pedro Rada ba tsoang Univesithing ea Los Andes e Venezuela ba ngotse pampiri ena le Hoebel.
Hoebel o khahliloe ke methapo ea boko e laolang takatso ea lijo le boima ba 'mele ho tloha ha e ne e le moithuti oa pele Univesithing ea Harvard o ithuta le BF Skinner ea tummeng. Sebakeng sa Princeton ho tloha 1963, o butse lithuto tsa moputso oa kelello oa ho ja. Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, Hoebel o etelletse pele mosebetsi oo ha joale a qetile mohlala oa phoofolo ea ho lemalla tsoekere.
Hoebel o bontšitse hore likhoto li ja tsoekere e ngata ha li lapile, ketsahalo eo a e hlalosang e le ho itlopa joala ba tsoekere, e fetoha ka phetoho ea methapo ea kelello bokong e shebahalang e etsisa tse hlahisoang ke lintho tsa tlhekefetso, ho kenyeletsa cocaine, morphine le nikotini. Tsoekere e etsa hore le uena o fetohe. "Ho mefuta e meng, ho itlopa tsoekere ho baka litlamorao tse tšoarellang bokong mme ho eketsa tšekamelo ea ho nka lithethefatsi tse ling tsa tlhekefetso, joalo ka joala," Hoebel o boletse.
Hoebel le sehlopha sa hae le bona ba fumane hore k'hemik'hale e tsejoang e le dopamine e lokolloa sebakeng sa boko se tsejoang ka hore ke li-nucleus accumbens ha likhoto tse lapileng li nooa tharollo ea tsoekere . Letšoao lena la lik'hemik'hale le nahanoa hore le baka tšusumetso 'me, qetellong, le phetetse, le ho lemalla.
Bafuputsi ba ile ba etsa lithuto ka ho thibela likhoto tsa lijo tsa bona ha likhoto li robetse le lihora tse 'ne kamora ho tsoha. "Ho batla ho tšoana le ho lahleheloa ke lijo tsa hoseng," Hoebel o itse. Ka lebaka leo, ba potlakela ho ja chow le ho noa metsi a mangata a tsoekere. ” Mme a eketsa a re, "Ke seo ho thoeng ke ho itlopa joala - ha o ja haholo ka nako e le ngoe - ha ho le joalo ba itlopa ka tharollo ea 10% ea sucrose, e ts'oanang le seno se bonolo."
Likhoto tse lapelang tsoekere tse bakang tsoekere li baka khatello ea dopamine bokong ba bona. Kamora khoeli, sebopeho sa methapo ea methapo ena e fetolela maemong a dopamine, e bonts'a mofuta o fokolang oa "dopamine receptor" ho feta kamoo ba neng ba le ka teng le li-receptor tse ngata tsa opioid. Ts'ebetso tsena tsa dopamine le opioid li kentse letsoho tšusumetsong le moputsong, lits'ebetso tse laolang ho batla le ho rata ntho e itseng. Liphetoho tse tšoanang le tsona li bonahala kelellong ea litoeba ho koae le ho heroin.
Litekong, bafuputsi ba atlehile ho baka matšoao a ho ikhula liphoofolong tsa laboraka ka ho ba amoha tsoekere. Maqhubu a boko ba likhoto a dopamine a theohile mme, ka lebaka leo, a bonts'a matšoenyeho e le sesupo sa ho ikhula. Meno a likhoto a ile a koata, 'me libopuoa li ne li sa ikemisetsa ho its'oara ka lekarecheng la maze ea bona, ba khetha ho lula ka har'a kotopo. Ka tloaelo likhoto li rata ho lekola tikoloho ea tsona, empa likhoto tse tlositsoeng ha tsoekere li ne li labalabela ho li hlahloba.
Ho fumanoe hoa thabisa, Hoebel o itse, empa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng lia hlokahala ho utloisisa se boleloang ke batho. Kopo e totobetseng ho batho e ne e ka ba lefapheng la mathata a ho ja.
"Ho bonahala ho ka etsahala hore liphetoho tsa boko le matšoao a boits'oaro a bonoang likhoto li ka hlaha ho batho ba bang ba nang le bothata ba ho itlopa joala kapa bulimia," Hoebel o boletse.
“Mosebetsi oa rona o fana ka khokahano lipakeng tsa mathata a tloaelehileng a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, joalo ka bokhoba ba lithethefatsi, le kholo ea litakatso tse sa tloaelehang tsa lintho tsa tlhaho.
Tsebo ena e ka re thusa ho qapa mekhoa e mecha ea ho hlahloba le ho phekola bokhoba ho batho. ”
;