Tlaleho e khutšoanyane mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa boitšoaro, ho lemalla lipapali tsa video le ho finyella lithuto tsa sekolo ho tloaelehileng le ho baithuti ba ADHD (2013)

J Behav Moemeli. Laetse 2013; 2 (4): 239-243.

E phatlalalitsoe ka marang-rang Dec 13, 2013. Doi: 10.1556 / JBA.2.2013.4.7

PMCID: PMC4154570

Maryam Haghbin,¹ Fatemeh Shaterian,¹ Davood Hosseinzadeh,¹ 'me Mareka D. Griffiths^2,^*

Boitsebiso ba Mongoli ► Sehlooho sa Article ► Tlhahisoleseding ea Copyright le License ►

Bona “Maikutlo a boleng mabapi le boits'oaro bo nkoang e le mokhoa oa bophelo”Leqepheng la e235.

inahaneloang

Ka morao le sepheo: Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, lipatlisiso tsa ho lemalla papali ea livideo li eketsehile haholo. Patlisiso e teng hona joale e ne e ikemiselitse ho lekola kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boitšoaro, le phihlello ea thuto ea baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa ADHD. Ho ipapisitsoe le lipatlisiso tse fetileng ho ne ho khothaletsoa hore (i) ho be le kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boits'oaro le katleho ea thuto (ii) papatso ea papali ea video, boitaolo le phihlello ea thuto e tla fapana lipakeng tsa baithuti ba banna le basali, mme ( iii) likamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boitšoaro le katleho ea thuto li ka fapana lipakeng tsa liithuti tse tloaelehileng le liithuti tsa ADHD. Mekhoa: Baahi ba lipatlisiso ba ne ba e-na le liithuti tsa sekolo sa mathomo sa Khomeini-Shahr (e leng toropo e bohareng ba Iran). Ho tsoa bongata bona, sehlopha sa mehlala sa liithuti tsa 339 se nkile karolo ho ithuteng. Phuputso eo e kenyellelitse Scale Adiction Scale (Lemmens, Valkenburg le Peter, 2009), Scale ea Boitšoaro (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004) le lenane la tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea ADHD (Kessler et al., 2007). Ntle le lipotso tse amanang le tlhaiso-leseling ea palo ea batho ka bongata, Karolelano ea Liithuti tsa Kereiti ea Baithuti bakeng sa mantsoe a mabeli e sebelisitsoe ho lekanya katleho ea bona ea thuto. Mehopolo ena e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea khatello. Results: Har'a liithuti tsa Irani, likamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boitšoaro le katleho ea thuto li ne li fapane pakeng tsa baithuti ba banna le ba basali. Leha ho le joalo, likamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boitaolo, katleho ea thuto le mofuta oa moithuti li ne li se bohlokoa. Qeto: Leha litholoana li ke ke tsa bonts'a kamano e bakoang ke tšebeliso lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea papali ea video, ho lemalla papali ea video le katleho ea thuto, li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho nka karolo ha lipapali tsa video ho tlohella nako e fokolang ea ho etsa mosebetsi oa borutehi.

Keywords: papatso ea lipapali tsa video, boitaolo, katleho ea thuto, bong, liithuti tsa ADHD

SELELEKELA

Litsing tsohle tsa thuto lefats'eng ka bophara, boemo ba katleho ea baithuti bo sebetsa e le e 'ngoe ea matšoao a katleho ea mesebetsi ea bona ea thuto. Lintho tse ngata tse fapaneng li kentse letsoho phihlello lithutong tse joalo ka botho le lintlha tsa maemo. Boitšoaro bo nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea litšoaneleho tsa botho. Logue (1995) e hlalosa ho itaola e le "ho etsa lintho tse lateloang hamorao empa ke moputso o moholo." Boitšoaro bo ka bonoa ka maikutlo a fapaneng. Mohlala, e hlalositsoe e le 'phello ea khotsofalo' hape e sebetsa joalo ka ha nako eo motho a emeng ho fihlela sephetho sa bohlokoa haholo empa e le hole haholo (Rodriguez, 1989; e bontšitsoeng ke Storey, 2002). Batho ba sebelisa boitšoaro ha ba entse qeto ea ho fihlela sepheo sa nako e telele. Bakeng sa katleho e joalo, motho a ka tlohela thabo ea ho ja, ho noa joala, ho becha, ho sebelisa chelete, ho lula a falimehile le / kapa ho robala. Maemong a mangata a thata le a hanyetsanang moo ho etsa khetho ho hlokahalang, batho ba khothalletsoa ho sebelisa boitšoaro (Rodriguez, 1989; e bontšitsoeng ke Storey, 2002). Ba kopantsoe le boitšoaro bo phahameng, ba ka fumana katleho e kholo tseleng e telele ka thuto.

Ha ho bapisoa le ba nang le boitšoaro bo fokolang, ba nang le boits'oaro bo phahameng ba atleha haholo nakong ea mesebetsi ea bona. Hape, ba khona ho arola nako ea bona ea boikhathollo le mefuta e meng, ba sebelisa nako ea bona ea ho ithuta hantle, ba khetha lithuto le litlelase tse loketseng, le mesebetsi ea taolo le boithabiso tse ka bang kotsi ho nts'etsopele ea bona ea thuto. Boithuto bo fetileng bo bonts'a hore boitaolo bo ka ntlafatsa katleho ea thuto. Feldman, Martinez-Pons le Shaham (1995) o hlokometse hore bana ba nang le boitšoaro bo phahameng ba fihletse limaraka tse holimo thupelong ea likhomphutha. Ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse nyane mabapi le karolo ea boemo ba boits'oaro ba baithuti e le sesosa sa ho kena lipakeng kamanong pakeng tsa litšobotsi tsa botho le ts'ebetso ea thuto (Normandeau le Guay, 1998). Liphetho ho tsoa Tangney et al. (2004) tšehetsa ts'ebetso eo boitšoaro bo phahameng bo e bolelang esale pele e ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea thuto. Ho feta moo, Duckworth le Seligman (2005) e bonts'itse hore phello ea boitaolo ho katleho ea thuto e habeli ea bohlale.

Flynn (1985) e hlokometse kamano lipakeng tsa katleho ea borutehi ea baithuti ba batona ba Maafrika le Ma-Amerika ka lebaka la ho lieha ho khotsofala. Lipatlisisong tse peli tse lumellanang, Mischel, Shoda le Peake (1988), 'me Shoda, Mischel le Peake (1990), e lekole bokhoni ba ho liehisa khotsofalo le khotsofalo ea kelello baneng ba lilemo tse 'nè. Ba ile ba hlahloba bana hape ka mor'a ho qeta sekolong se phahameng le nako e 'ngoe ka mor'a hore ba qete kolecheng. Ba fumane hore bana ba atlehileng haholo ho lieheng ho khotsofala le ho khotsofala kelellong nakong ea bongoana ba ile ba fumana limaraka tse phahameng ha e se e le batho ba baholo. Ho latela Wolfe le Johnson (1995), boitšoaro e ne e le eona feela tšobotsi har'a mefuta e 32 ea botho e tlatselitseng haholo ho boleleng esale pele ka GPA ea baithuti ba univesithi (grade grade average). Ha ho nkuoa ka botlalo, boithuto bo matla bo bontša hore boits'oaro bo phahameng bo isa phihlello e betere lithutong (Tangney et al., 2004).

Ketsahalo e 'ngoe e ka kenyelletsoang e le ntlha ea maemo e amanang le katleho ea baithuti ke ho lemalla papali ea video. Ho latela lithuto tse fapaneng, ho bapala lipapali tsa video ho ka ama katleho ea thuto ea bana le bacha (Harris, 2001). Matsatsing ana, ho bapala lipapali tsa video ho fetohile e 'ngoe ea nako ea boikhathollo ea nako ea bana le ea lilemong tsa bocha' me e ntse e tsoela pele ho nka sebaka sa lipapali le liketsahalong tsa setso le tse ling (Frölich, Lehmkuhl le Döpfner, 2009). Leha ho na le melemo e mengata ea theknoloji e joalo, likhomphutha le lipapali tsa komporo li ka ama hampe bokgoni ba batho ba sechaba (Griffiths, 2010a). Ho lemalla papali ea video ho ka fokotsa tšusumetso ea bacha ea ho buisana le batho ba bang 'me ka lebaka leo ba beha litlamorao tse mpe likamanong tsa bona tsa bophelo ba sechaba (Kuss le Griffiths, 2012). Ho feta moo, Huge le Nations (2003), hara ba bang, ba hlokomela hore ho lemalla papali ea video ho ka baka ho hloleha mosebetsing oa boithuti ba lilemong tsa bocha.

Ha ba ntse ba bapala lipapali tse joalo, libapali li ka lebala ka tsohle 'me tsa kenella papaling. Ho bapala lipapali tsa video ho boetse ho na le bokhoni ba ho emisa libapali ho etsa lintho tse ling (ho kenyelletsa le thuto ea thuto). Ho feta moo, libapali tsa video tse feteletseng ha li na taba le sekolo. Kaha ho bapala haholo ho fokotsa nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho etsa mosebetsi oa sekolo, ho ka ama hampe katleho ea hau ea thuto (Roe le Muijs, 1998). Patlisiso e 'ngoe e bontšitse hore baithuti ba fumaneng katleho e tlase lithutong ba qeta nako e ngata (ho feta lihora tsa 3 ka letsatsi) ba bapala lipapali tsa video ha ba bapisoa le ba atlehileng lithutong (Benton, 1995). Ho bapala lipapali tsa video haholo ho ka fokotsa boikemisetso ba seithuti ba ho leka ho ithuta le ho ithuta (Walsh, 2002). Leha ho le joalo, ho na le bopaki bo bongata bo bontšang kamoo lipapali tsa video li ka ntlafatsang katleho ea thuto ea baithuti (Griffiths, 2010b).

Chan le Rabinowitz (2006) lumela hore ho na le kamano lipakeng tsa ADHD le lipapali tsa video hangata. Ebile, tlhalohanyo ea maikutlo / bosholu ba kelello ke bokuli bo atileng haholo ba kelello ho bana le ho bacha ba lilemo tsa sekolo. Hangata boitšoaro bo lebisa khohlano lipakeng tsa moithuti le basebetsi ba sekolo hammoho le ba lelapa. Maikutlo a ho nyahama le ho hloka thuso a ka hlaha. Ka lebaka la phetoho ea boits'oaro ba bana bana, batsoali hangata ba lumela hore boitšoaro ba bana ba bona bo khopisang ke ka boomo (Biederman le Faraone, 2004). Ka lebaka la matšoao a ho hloka botsitso le ho haelloa ke tlhokomelo, bana ba ADHD ba tlokotsing ea litlamorao tse fapaneng tse mpe ho kenyeletsoa mathata a thuto, mathata a boits'oaro, le likotsi tse fapaneng tsa comorbidity. Kahoo, ho kenella kapele ho hlokahala ho fokotsa mathata a joalo. ADHD ha se bothata ba bongoana feela mme ha ea lokela ho nkuoa e le bokuli ba nako le nako. E sa foleng ebile e mamella joalo ka mathata a mang a mangata a kholo (Biederman & Faraone, 2004). Bakuli ba joalo ba tla tobana le litlamorao tse ngata ho kenyeletsa mathata a boits'oaro, mathata a maikutlo, ho hloleha lithutong, mathata a mosebetsi le monyetla o moholo oa boits'oaro ba ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi (Hervey, Epstein le Curry, 2004).

Kaha o lemaletse papali ea video le litaba tse amanang le eona e le taba ea ho eketsa lipatlisiso lithutong tsa tliliniki, tlhabollo le thuto, thuto ea morao-rao ea lipatlisiso e etselitsoe ho hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea video, boitaolo, le phihlello ea thuto ea bobeli bo tloaelehileng le baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa ADHD. Ho ipapisitsoe le lipatlisiso tsa pejana ho ne ho nahanoa hore (i) ho tla ba le kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea video, boits'oaro le katleho ea thuto, (ii) kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea video, boits'oaro le katleho ea thuto e tla fapana lipakeng tsa monna le mosali baithuti, le (iii) likamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boits'oaro le katleho ea thuto li ne li tla fapana lipakeng tsa liithuti tse tloaelehileng le liithuti tsa ADHD.

METHODA

barupeluoa ba

Palo ea lipatlisiso e ne e le baithuti ba sehlopha sa pele sa sekolo se phahameng sa Khomeini-Shahr (toropo e bohareng ba Iran). Har'a baahi bana, sehlopha se emelang baithuti ba 339 ba nkile karolo thutong. Ho sebelisitsoe sampole ea lihlopha tse peli. Ha tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoa ka mehlala ea mekhahlelo e 'meli, mathata a tebileng a ka hlaha haeba mekhoa e tloaelehileng e hlokomolohang likamano tsa se kenang e sebelisoa. Ka lebaka la sena, khokahano ea li-intracluster e hakantsoe. Likolo tse leshome le metso e robeli li khethiloe ka tatellano likolong tse 234 tsa toropo ena. Kamora sena, sehlopha se le seng ho tsoa sekolong ka seng se ile sa khethoa ka lootho. Lipotso tsa lipotso tsa baithuti ba leshome le metso e meraro li ile tsa tlohelloa tlhahlobisong hobane li ne li sa tlatsoa hantle li siea sampole ea ho qetela ea baithuti ba 326 ba sekolo se phahameng. Har'a baithuti, ba 146 (49.1%) e ne e le basali, 'me ba 166 (50.9%) e le banna.

thepa

- Lintlha li ne li bokelloa ka lipotso tsa lipotso. Ntle le lipotso tse amanang le tlhaiso-leseling ea motheo ea palo ea batho, Karolelano ea Baithuti ba Kalo ea Tekanyetso (GPA) ea mantsoe a mabeli e sebelisitsoe e le mohato oa katleho ea bona ea thuto. Lenane la lipotso le ne le boetse le kenyelletsa Game Addiction Scale (Lemmens et al., 2009), Self-Control Scale (Tangney et al., 2004) le lenane la tlhahlobo la ADHD Diagnostic (Kessler et al., 2007). Thutong ena, likala tsohle li ile tsa fetoleloa ho Persia mme tsa fetoleloa ka morao ho Senyesemane ke bafetoleli ba babeli ba ikemetseng ba semmuso. Papiso ea mofuta oa mantlha le phetolelo ea morao-rao phetolelong ea Senyesemane ho bonts'itse hore ho na le liphetoho tse nyane feela lipakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli ea sekala ka seng. Alpha ea Cronbach e ile ea sebelisoa ho lekola botsitso ba kahare ba lisebelisoa tse sebelisang software ea SPSS. Li-coefficients tsena li tlalehiloe ka tlase.

- Sekala sa Tlhahiso ea Likhomphutha le Video (Lemmens et al., 2009): Potso ena e lekanya litekanyetso tse supileng tsa tlhatlhobo e kenyelletsang ho kenyelletsa ho sesa, ho mamella, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, ho khutla, ho khaola, likhohlano le mathata. Li-coeffficients tsa Cronbach tse hlahisitsoeng ke sampole ena 0.93, 0.93, 0.69, 0.98, 0.91, 0.88 le 0.99, ka ho latellana.

- Sekala sa Boitšoaro (Tangney et al., 2004): Potso ena e lekanya lintlha tse hlano (boits'oaro, ho hanela tšusumetso, mekhoa e metle, boitšoaro bo botle le ts'epahalo). Ho tšepahala le ho nepahala ha potso ena ho tlalehiloe hore ke 0.89.

- Lenane la Tlhahlobo le Boitsebiso ba ho Itlaleha (Kessler et al., 2007): Tekanyo ena e lekola litekanyetso tse tšeletseng tsa khatello ea mali joalo ka tse thathamisitsoeng ho Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello (American Psychiatric Association, 2000): (i) hangata e hloleha ho ela hloko lintlha ka botlalo kapa ho etsa liphoso tse sa tsotelleng mosebetsing oa sekolo, mosebetsing kapa mesebetsing e meng, hangata ho ba le bothata ba ho boloka tlhokomelo mesebetsing kapa mesebetsing ea ho bapala, (ii) hangata ha e bonahale ho mamela ha ho buuoa le ka kotloloho, (iii) hangata ha a phethe ka litaelo ebe o sitoa ho qeta mosebetsi oa sekolo, mesebetsi ea lapeng kapa mosebetsi mosebetsing (eseng ka lebaka la boitsoaro bo hanyetsang kapa ho se utloisisehe), (iv) hangata ho ba le bothata ba ho hlophisa mesebetsi. le mesebetsi, khafetsa e qoba, e sa rate, kapa e le leqe ho etsa mesebetsi e hlokang hore motho a lule a tiile (joalo ka mosebetsi oa sekolo kapa mosebetsi oa lapeng), (v) hangata a lahleheloa ke lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa mesebetsi kapa mesebetsi sekolong kapa lapeng (mohlala, lintho tsa ho bapala, lipentšele, libuka, likabelo), le (vi) hangata li khelosoa habonolo ke tšusumetso e tsoang ntle, haeba hangata e lebaleha mesebetsing ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Khokahano ea kahare ea sekala sena e tloha ho 0.63 ho ea 0.72 e thehiloe ho alpha ea Cronbach le ts'ehetso ea eona ea tlhahlobo-leseling e tlohang 0.58 ho 0.77 e thehiloe ho lekanang khokahano ea pearson.

Tsamaiso

Thutong ea hajoale, liithuti tsa Irani e ne e le tsona tse lokelang ho beoa. Barupeluoa e ne e le baithuti ban = 339) e khethiloeng ka ho latela mehlala ka mekhahlelo e 'meli (e boletsoeng kaholimo). Thuto e ne e khannoa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa pampiri le pentšele. Kamora ho lumela ho nka karolo, bankakarolo bohle ba phethetse Sekala sa Tlhekefetso ea Khomphutha le Video, Tekanyo ea Boitšoaro, le Lethathamo la Tlhatlhobo le Boitsebiso ba Boitsebiso. Kamora nako, bankakarolo ba phethetse lintlha tsa palo ea batho le Karolelano ea Baithuti ea Kereiti ea Boemo (GPA) bakeng sa mantsoe a mabeli e le mohato oa katleho ea thuto. Litaelo tsa mantsoe li bontšitse hore ho ne ho se na likarabo tse nepahetseng sekaleng sefe kapa sefe le hore likarabo tsohle e ne e le lekunutu.

Ethics

Mekhoa ea ho ithuta e entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Institutional Review Board ea Islamic Azad University (Lefapha la Psychology) e amohetse thuto. Lintlha tsohle li ile tsa tsebisoa ka phuputso eo mme bohle ba fuoe tumello e nang le tsebo. Tumello ea botsoali e ne e batloa le ho ba banyenyane ho feta lilemo tsa 18.

LIPOTSO

Khopolo-taba ea pele e ne e le hore ho tla ba le kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boitšoaro le katleho ea thuto. Sena se ile sa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea regression. Ka kakaretso, ho bile le kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boitšoaro le katleho ea thuto. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe Lethathamo 1, "Boits'oaro" joalo ka ha selelekela se feto-fetohang e bile mofuta oa pele o kenngoeng ka har'a mofuta. Khokahano lipakeng tsa boits'oaro le katleho ea thuto e ne e le 0.30 (ke hore, boits'oaro bo nohile feela 9.1% ea phapang e amanang le katleho ea thuto ea baithuti; R² = 0.09). Mohatong o latelang, papatso ea papali ea video e kentsoe mohlaleng, le R² e nyolohetse ho 0.154 (ke hore, 15.4% ea mefuta-futa ea katleho ea thuto ea baithuti e hlalositsoe ka kamano e fapaneng le boits'oaro le papali ea papali ea video). Monehelo oa bokhoba ba papali ea video e ne e le 6.3%. Ka hona, keketseho e ngoe le e ngoe ea boits'oaro e baka keketseho ea li-unit tsa 0.278 ho katleho ea thuto ea moithuti, le hore keketseho e le 'ngoe ea tahi ea papali ea video e baka phokotso ea li-unit tsa 0.252 ho katleho ea thuto ea moithuti. Joalokaha ho lebelletsoe, boits'oaro ka hona bo na le phello e ntle ho katleho lithutong athe ho lemalla papali ea video ho na le litlamorao tse mpe.

Li-coefficients tsa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fapaneng ka mokhoa oa tekanyo

Kamano lipakeng tsa phapang ea bong le tšebeliso ea papali ea lipapali tsa video, boitšoaro le katleho ea thuto li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka tlhahlobo e mengata ea taolo (mokhoa oa higerark). Sena se khutsufalitsoe ho Lethathamo 2. Hape, ho bile le kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa bong le katleho ea thuto. Ha bong bo ne bo kenyelletsoa ho 3 ea mohlala, R² e eketsehile ho 0.263 (ke hore, 26.3% ea phapang e amanang le katleho ea thuto ea baithuti e boletsoe esale pele ka boitšoaro, taolo ea papali ea video le bong). Ho sa le joalo, sekhahla sa tlatsetso ea bong se ne se batla se le haufi le 10.9% mme se ne se le bohlokoa ka lipalo. Ntle le moo, boleng ba Beta ba phapang ena bo ne bo le boholo bo lekaneng (0.372) hore bo nkuoe bo le bohlokoa ka lipalo. Kahoo, ho ka phethoa hore kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea lipapali tsa video, boitšoaro, le katleho ea thuto li fapana pakeng tsa baithuti ba banna le ba basali.

Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea boemo bo holimo ea thuto bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa tse fapaneng ho baithuti ba banna le ba basali

Kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba papali ea video, boitaolo, katleho ea thuto, le mofuta oa moithuti (ke hore, tloaelehileng vs. ADHD) le eona e ile ea hlahlojoa ka tlhahlobo e mengata ea boits'oaro (mokhoa oa hierarchical). Ho bile le phello e kholo bakeng sa mofuta oa moithuti (bona Lethathamo 3). Hape, ho bile le kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa mofuta oa seithuti le katleho ea thuto. Ha mofuta oa moithuti o kenyelletsoa ho 3 ea mohlala, R² e eketsehile ho 0.156 (ke hore, 15.6% ea phapang e amanang le katleho ea thuto ea seithuti e boletsoe esale pele ka boitšoaro, taolo ea papali ea video le mofuta oa moithuti). Ho sa le joalo mofuta oa sekhahla sa monehelo oa baithuti se batla se le haufi le 0.2% se neng se sa bohlokoa ka lipalo.

Li-coefficients tsa tlhahlobo ea maemo a phahameng a puso bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa tse fetohang ho liithuti tse tloaelehileng le tsa ADHD

TŠOHLOA

Liphuputso tsa phuputso ena li bonts'a hore ho na le kamano e mpe haholo lipakeng tsa tahi ea papali ea video le katleho ea baithuti lithutong, ha kamano lipakeng tsa boitšoaro le katleho ea borutehi ea baithuti bana e ne e le ntle haholo (ke hore, temallo ea lipapali tsa video , tlase katleho ea thuto). Liphetho ka hona li ts'oana le tsa Anderson le Dill (2000), Durkin le Barber (2002), 'me Huge le Molichaba (2003). Liphetho li ke ke tsa bonts'a kamano e nang le lebaka lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea papali ea video, ho lemalla papali ea video le katleho ea thuto empa liphetho li bontša hore ho nka karolo ha lipapali tsa video ho tlohella nako e fokolang ea ho etsa mosebetsi oa borutehi.

Se fumanoeng ke lipatlisiso tsena se bonts'itse hore bong bo bile le phello e kholo tšebelisong ea papali ea video, boits'oaro, le katleho ea thuto (ke hore, banna ba ne ba kanna ba feta basali ha ba bapisoa le lipapali tsa video). Sena se tiisa lipatlisiso tse ngata tse fetileng sebakeng se bonts'ang hore bashanyana ba qeta nako ea bona ea ho phomola ba bapala lipapali tsa video ha ba bapisoa le banana (Griffiths & Hunt, 1995; Buchman & Funk, 1996; Brown et al., 1997; Lucas le Sherry, 2004; Lee, Park & Pina, 2005).

Ho na le litlhaloso tse ngata tsa hore na ke hobane'ng bashanyana ba bapala lipapali tsa video ho feta banana. Taba ea mantlha, lipapali tse ngata tsa video li entsoe ke batho ba batona ba bang, 'me le ha lipapali li na le libapali tsa basali tse matla, e kanna ea ba tsa thobalano le ho khetholla basali haholo ho feta ho li hohela. Taba ea bobeli, mokhoa oa ho thabela botsoalle o fapane pakeng tsa ba batona le ba batšehali. Basali ba atlehile haholo ho thibela ho hlaha ha boits'oaro ba bona bo mabifi pela batho ba bang, kahoo ba ka ikutloa ba tšohile haholo ha ba ntse ba bapala lipapali tsa ho loana 'me ba hoheloa ke lipapali tse bonolo le tse monate haholo. Ho feta moo, bafuputsi ba sebelisitse Eagly's (1987) maikutlo a karolo ea sechaba ho hlalosetsa mabaka a etsang hore bashanyana ba qete nako e ngata ba bapala lipapali tsa video le hore na hobaneng ba thahasella lipapali tse mabifi. Khopolo ena e thehiloe khopolong ea hore bashanyana le banana ba itšoara ho latela likhetho tsa bong bo boletsoeng esale pele mme kaha litaba tsa lipapali tsa video li thehiloe tlholisanong le pefong, li amana haholo le sehlopha sa banna ba batona.

Ho latela se fumanoeng ke lipatlisiso tsena, kamano e lipakeng tsa boitšoaro, taolo ea papali ea video le katleho ea thuto e fapane haholo lipakeng tsa baithuti ba tloaelehileng le ba ADHD. Liphetho tsa hona joale tsa lipatlisiso li ile tsa tšehetsa liphetho tsa Frölich et al. (2009), le Bioulac, Arfi le Bouvard (2008). Ho ata pakeng tsa boitšoaro, ADHD le papali ea papali ea video ke ho nkeha maikutlo. Kaha ha a khone ho tsepamisa mohopolo kelellong ea hae ea ho etsa mesebetsi e itseng, seithuti se sa qobelloang se sitoa ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata. Ho thabela boitšoaro haholoanyane, seithuti se tloaelehileng se ka laola nako ea ho bapala le ho qoba ho bapala lipapali tsa video haholo.

Meeli le lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang: Ho na le meeli e 'maloa thutong ea hona joale e lokelang ho ananeloa. Taba ea mantlha, boholo ba sampole bo bonolo haholo le baithuti ba 326. Mohlala ona oa mohlala o ne o le monyane ho feta kamoo o neng o ka lakatsa. Ka hona, kakaretso ea bohlokoa ba eona e na le moeli. Taba ea bobeli, hobane liithuti tsohle tse kenyellelitsoeng ho tlhahlobo eo li ne li tsoa Iran feela, ha ho na bopaki ba hore liphetho li ka akaretsoa ho palo ea baithuti naheng e ngoe. Taba ea boraro, thuto e hirile baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng e le barupeluoa, ka hona, liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsena li kanna tsa se akaretse ho baithuti ba koleche kapa baithuti ba baholo ho feta lilemo tsa 18 (mme ka ho eketsehileng li ka ba le tšekamelo ea khetho le litekanyetso). Karolo ea bone moralo oa likarolo tse sebelisitsoeng thutong ena o bolela hore liqeto mabapi le sesosa le phello kapa tatellano ea liketsahalo li ke ke tsa etsoa. Kamora nako, litholoana tsa tlhahlobo ena li boetse li phahamisa lipelaelo tse ngata tse akaretsang tse lokelang ho rarolloa. Lintlha tsa lipotso tse sebelisitsoeng boithuto ba hona joale ke mehato ea ho itlaleha. Patlisiso e fetileng e bonts'a hore bakeng sa tlhahiso ea kelello, mehato ea ho itlaleha e kanna ea se ke ea bonts'a seo motho a hlileng a se etsang. Ho kanna ha etsahala hore lintlha tse ngata tse tsoang litlalehong tsa boits'oaro li ka nepahala; leha ho le joalo, litlaleho tsa boits'oaro li ka bonts'a ho se lumellane ho fokolang le mekhoa e meng.

Patlisiso eohle ea kelello ea kelello e susumetsoa ke semelo sa karolo ea barupeluoa le maemo a ntlafatso. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e lokela ho ithuta mefuta e mengata ea lilemo, thuto, bong, tumelo le batho ba litso tse ling. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho sebelisa sehlopha se lekaneng le se seholo sa barutoana. Patlisiso e lokela ho akaretsa mekhoa e mengata ea ho fumana lintlha ho tsoa ho motho e mong ea nkang karolo (mohlala, lipuisano tsa sefahleho le sefahleho, tlhahlobo ea methapo ea kutlo, jj.).

Tlhaloso ea lithuso

Mehloli ea lichelete: Ha ho letho.

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