Maikutlo: Joalo ka lithuto tse bileng teng pele ho moo, ho hlahlojoa ha boko ho senotse liphetoho tse tšoanang le tsa ba lemaletseng inthanete. Mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi tse tšoeu le tse putsoa a fumaneha le ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi.
Background
Bothata ba bokhoba ba marang-rang (IAD) ha joale bo ntse bo fetoha bothata bo tebileng ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho potoloha lefatše. Lithuto tse fetileng mabapi le IAD li ne li shebane haholo le litlhahlobo tse amanang le kelello. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le lithuto tse fokolang mabapi le sebopeho sa boko le tšebetso mabapi le IAD. Thutong ena, re sebelisitse tšebeliso ea maikutlo a manyane (DTI) ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa taba tse tšoeu ho bacha ba nang le IAD.
Methodology / Sepheo sa mantlha
Lithuto tse XNUMX tsa IAD le taolo e leshome le metso e ts'eletseng e ntle ntle le IAD e nkile karolo thutong ena. Tlhatlhobo e felletseng ea boko ba bohlale ba li-anisotropy (FA) e entsoe ka lipalo-palo tsa sepakapaka (TBSS) ho fumana libaka tse sa tloaelehang tsa litaba tse tšoeu lipakeng tsa lihlopha. TBSS e bonts'itse hore IAD e na le FA e tlase haholo ho feta taolo hohle bokong, ho kenyeletsoa taba e tšoeu ea orbito-frontal, corpus callosum, cingulum, infonto-occipital fasciculus, le radiation ea corona, li-capsule tsa kahare le tsa kantle, ha li sa bonts'a libaka tsa FA e phahameng. Tlhatlhobo ea Volume-of-interest (VOI) e sebelisitsoe ho bona liphetoho tsa lits'oants'o tsa diffusivity libakeng tse bonts'ang maemo a sa tloaelehang a FA. Ho li-VOI tse ngata, phokotso ea FA e bakiloe ke keketseho ea phapang ea radial ha ho se na liphetoho ho axial diffusivity. Tlhatlhobo ea Correlation e ile ea etsoa ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa FA le mehato ea boits'oaro kahare ho sehlopha sa IAD. Ho fumanoe likamano tse mpe hampe lipakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa FA ka letsohong le letšehali la corpus callosum le Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder, le lipakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa FA ka har'a capsule e kantle ea leqheka le sekala sa bokhoba ba bacha ba Internet.
Nahanisisa
Seo re se fumaneng se fana ka maikutlo a hore IAD e bontsitse phokotso e pharaletseng ea FA litseleng tse kholo tsa tšoeu ebile sebopeho sa litaba tse tšoeu tse sa tloaelehang se ka hokahana le litšitiso tse itseng tsa boitšoaro. Ntle le moo, botšepehi ba litaba tse tšoeu bo ka sebetsa e le sepheo se secha sa kalafo mme FA e kanna ea ba setsebi sa lihlahisoa se tšoanelehang ho utloisisa mekhoa e ka tlase ea maiketsetso ea ho lemala kapa ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea ho kenella ka mokhoa o itseng oa pele ho IAD.
Tlhaloso: Lin F, Zhou Y, Du Y, Qin L, Zhao Z, et al. (2012) Botšepehi bo sa tloaelehang ba Mathata a Bacha ho Bacha ba nang le Mathata a Tlhekefetso ea Marang-rang: Boithuto ba Lipalopalo bo Thehiloeng ho Lipampiri. LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO 7 (1): e30253. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253
Mohlophisi: Martin Gerbert Frasch, Université de Montréal, Canada
E amohetse: la 4 Mphalane 2011; E amohetse: December 15, 2011; E phatlalalitsoe: la 11 Pherekhong 2012
Tokelo ea Copyright: © 2012 Lin et al. Ena ke sengoloa se fumanehang ka mokhoa o bulehileng se ajoang tlasa lipehelo tsa Laesense ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Creative Commons, e lumellang ts'ebeliso, kabo le phetiso e sa thibeloeng ka mokhoa ofe kapa ofe, ha feela mongoli le mohloli oa mantlha ba ka tlotlisoa.
Lithuso: Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe hanyane ke Natural Science Foundation of China (Nom. 30800252 le 20921004), National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) Grant No. 2011CB707802, le Knowledge Innovation Programme ea Chinese Academy of Sciences, le Excellent Doctoral Lenaneo la Thesis la Chinese Academy of Sciences. Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo ho moralo oa boithuto, pokello ea lintlha le tlhahlobo, qeto ea ho e phatlalatsa kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.
Lithahasello tse hlolisang: Bangoli ba phatlalalitse hore ha ho na lithahasello tsa tlholisano tse teng.
Lengolo-tsoibila: [imeile e sirelelitsoe] (JX); [imeile e sirelelitsoe] (HL)
# Bangoli bana ba kentse letsoho ka mokhoa o tšoanang mosebetsing ona.
Mathata a ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete (IAD), a boetse a bitsoa ts'ebeliso e thata ea marang-rang, a tšoauoa ka ho se khone ho laola tšebeliso ea hae ea inthanete, e ka qetellang e bakile matšoenyeho le tšitiso e sebetsang ea bophelo bo akaretsang joalo ka ts'ebetso ea thuto, sechaba tšebelisano, lithahasello mosebetsing le mathata a boits'oaro [1]. Tlhaloso mabapi le IAD e ipapisitse le moelelo oa ts'ebeliso ea thepa kapa papali ea chelete ea ho becha, e arolelanang likarolo tsa ts'ebeliso ea thepa joalo ka ho nahanisisa, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, ho mamella, ho tlosoa, khatello le khatello ea tšebetso. [2], [3]. Ka palo e ntseng e phahama ea basebelisi ba marang-rang, bothata ba IAD hajoale bo hapile tlhokomelo e kholo ho tsoa ho litsebi tsa kelello, matichere le sechabeng; ka hona IAD e fetoha bothata bo tebileng ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho potoloha lefatše [4], [5], [6].
Lithuto tsa hajoale mabapi le IAD li shebile kakaretso ea linyeoe, likarolo tsa boits'oaro, litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, hammoho le tlhahlobo ea bongaka, lefu la mafu a kelello, mabaka a amanang le kelello le taolo ea matšoao, ts'ebetso ea kelello le phello ea kalafo. [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. Lithuto tsena li thehiloe haholo-holo lipotsong tsa lipotso tse itlalehang tsa kelello 'me li lula li tlaleha hore tšebeliso e matla ea inthanete e ka ba le litlamorao mathateng a batho a kelello le ho holofala ha kelello.
Ho fihla joale, ke lithuto tse fokolang feela tsa neuroimaging tse neng li entsoe ho etsa lipatlisiso ka liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa boko le tšebetso tse amanang le IAD. Phuputso e fetileng ea voxel-based morphometry (VBM) e tlaleha ho theoha ha letsoalo la litaba ka boea ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la cingrate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, insula le lingcycy tsa bacha ba IAD [12]. Yuan le basebetsi mmoho ba fumane hore lithuto tsa IAD li bile le liphetoho tse ngata sebopeho, 'me liphetoho tse joalo li ile tsa tsamaellana haholo le nako ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete [13]. Phuputso e 'ngoe e sebelisang matla a ho phomola a matla a matla a matla a matla a matla (imagMon resonance imaging (fMRI)) e bontšitse hore baithuti ba koleche ea IAD ba ekelitse homogeneity ea tikolohong libakeng tse' maloa tsa boko ho kenyeletsa cerebellum, brainstem, limbic lobe, frontal lobe le apical lobe [14]. Lithuto tse peli tse amanang le fMRI tse amanang le batho ba lemaletseng papali ea marang-rang li bonts'itse hore ts'usumetso ea cue e ts'oarellang karabelo ea papali ea video ea inthanete e ts'oana le e bonoang nakong ea tlhahiso ea batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa papali ea papali ea chelete. [15], [16]. Dong et al. [17]e tlaleha hore baithuti ba IAD ba ne ba e-na le ts'ebetso e tlase sethaleng sa ho lemoha lintoa, mme ba bonts'a ts'ebetso e fokolang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahisoleseling le taolo e tlase ea tšusumetso ho feta taolo e tloaelehileng ka ho rekota bokhoni ba boko bo amanang le ketsahalo nakong ea mosebetsi oa Go / No-Go. Ntle le moo, tlhahlobo ea positron emission tomography (PET) e fumane hore papali ea marang-rang e arolelana mekhoa ea kelello le ea neural ka mefuta e meng ea mathata a taolo ea tšusumetso le ho lemalla lintho tse sa amaneng le lithethefatsi. [18]. Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphumano tsena li bonts'a hore lithuto tsa IAD li amana le liphetoho tsa sebopeho le tšebetso libakeng tsa boko tse kenyelletsang ts'ebetsong ea maikutlo, tlhokomelo e phahameng, ho nka liqeto le taolo ea kelello.
Re kholoa hore lithuto tsa IAD li boetse li amana le ho senyeha ha likhoele tsa litaba tse tšoeu tse hokahanyang libaka tsena 'me liphetoho tse joalo li ka bonoa ka ho senyeha ha menahano (DTI), mokhoa o sa hlaseleng oa MRI o ka fanang ka tekanyo e lekantsoeng ea tšenyo ea taba e tšoeu. [19]. DTI e tsotella litšobotsi tsa phallo ea metsi mme e ntlafalitsoe e le sesebelisoa sa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa thepa ea lehae ea taba e tšoeu ea boko [20]. Litekanyetso tse 'ne tse sebelisoang khafetsa tse nyane tse sebelisoang khafetsa li ka tsoa data ea DTI: 1) anisotropy (FA), e bonts'ang tataiso ea phalliso ea metsi le tšebelisano ea lipampitšana tsa fiber tse tšoeu; 2) e bolela diffusivity (MD), e lekanang boholo ba phapang ea metsi; 3) axial diffusivity (Da) e lekanyang boholo ba ho fapana haufi le tataiso ea tlhaiso-leseling; le 4) radial diffusivity (Dr) e bonts'ang boholo ba phapang e fapaneng le e fapaneng ea tataiso [21],[22]. Mehato ena e amana le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa boea bo bosoeu ebile o sebelisoa ho nyenyefatsa likarolo tsa tikoloho ea lithane tsa lehae.
Thutong ena, re sebelisitse DTI ho fuputsa bonnete ba taba e tšoeu ho bacha ba nang le IAD. Mokhoa oa tlhahlobo-leseling o thehiloeng ka sepheo sa lipapatso tsa sepakapaka (TBSS) o sebelisitsoe ho sekaseka datha ea DTI. Mokhoa ona o boloka matla a tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho voxel ha o ntse o bua le tse ling tsa mathata a teng, joalo ka ho hokahanya litšoantšo tse tsoang lithutong tse ngata le ho ts'oarana ha khetho ea khetho ea sepakapaka. [23]. Morero oa thuto ke 1) ho fuputsa liphapang tsa kabo ea libaka tse mabapi le botšepehi ba litaba tse tšoeu lipakeng tsa bacha ba nang le IAD le taolo e nepahetseng ntle le IAD, ba sa etse likhopolo tsa mantlha mabapi le sebaka sa lintho tse sa tloaelehang, le 2) ho bona hore na ho na le likamano lipakeng tsa taba e tšoeu le boits'oaro ba kelello lithutong tsa IAD.
Lihlooho
Bacha ba leshome le metso e robeli ba nang le IAD ba ile ba hiroa Lefapheng la Bana le Bacha ba Psychiatry, Setsi sa Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello ba Shanghai, bao kaofela ba ileng ba kopana le lipotso tsa Young tsa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling ea Beard le Wolf [2]. Lilemo tse leshome le metso e robeli, botona le botšehali tsa thuto tse tšoanang le lithuto tse tloaelehileng ntle le IAD li ile tsa khethoa e le taolo. Lithuto tsohle li ne li fuoe ka letsohong le letona joalo ka ha ho hlahlojoa lethathamo la lipotso ho latela lenane la thuto la Edinburgh [24]. Lintlha tsa moralo oa MRI tse tsoang lithutong tsena li ne li sebelisitsoe thutong ea rona ea VBM e fetileng [12]. Bakeng sa thuto ena, data ea monahano e tsoang ho li-control tse peli le taba e le 'ngoe ea IAD e ile ea tlameha ho lahloa ka lebaka la litsebi tse kholo tse tsamaeang. Ka lebaka leo, ho kenyellelitsoe kakaretso ea li-control tse leshome le metso e tšeletseng (lilemo tsa 15-24) le lithuto tsa IAD tse leshome le metso e supileng (lilemo tsa lilemo: 14-24). Tlhahisoleseling ea demographic ea lithuto tse kenyelelitsoeng e thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 1.
Tafole 1. Sebopeho sa batho ba nang le seabo le boits'oaro.
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.t001
Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Sepetlele sa RenJi Sepetlele sa Bongaka sa Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Barupeluoa le batsoali ba bona / bahlokomeli ba molao ba ile ba tsebisoa ka sepheo sa thuto ea rona pele ho litlhahlobo tsa MRI. Re ile ra fumana tumello e felletseng e tsoang ho batsoali kapa bahlokomeli ba motho e mong le e mong ea nkang karolo.
Litlhaloso tsa ho kenyelletsa le ho qoba
Lithuto tsohle li ile tsa etsa tlhahlobo e bonolo ea 'mele ho kenyeletsa le khatello ea mali le litekanyo tsa sekhahla sa pelo,' me tsa botsoa ke setsebi sa mafu a kelello mabapi le nalane ea bona ea bongaka mabapi le nalane ea methapo, ho sisinyeha, tšilo ea lijo, ho hema, ho potoloha, endocrine, litsamaiso tsa methapo ea mmele le ea ho ba le bana. Ka mor'a moo ba ile ba hlahlojoa bakeng sa mathata a kelello le Puisano ea Machabeng ea Mini International Neuropsychiatric bakeng sa Bana le Bacha (MINI-KID) [25]. Mekhoa ea ho qheleloa ka thoko e kenyelelitse nalane ea tlhekefetso kapa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi; nalane ea maloetse a maholo a kelello, a joalo ka schizophrenia, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, liketsahalo tsa kelello, kapa sepetlele bakeng sa mafu a kelello. Lithuto tsa IAD ha lia ka tsa phekoloa ka meriana efe kapa efe. Leha ho le joalo, palo e fokolang ea lithuto tsa IAD e amohetse psychotherapy.
Tekanyetso ea tlhahlobo ea IAD e ile ea fetoloa ho tsoa ho Lenane la Lipotso la Young's Diagnostic bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa ho lemalla marang-rang ke Beard le Wolf [2]. Litekanyetso tse nang le lintho tse robeli tsa 'e' kapa 'che' li fetoletsoe ka Sechaena. E kenyelletsa lipotso tse latelang: (1) Na u ikutloa u phathahane ka marang-rang (ke hore, nahana ka tšebetso e fetileng ea inthanete kapa u lebelletse karolo e latelang ea inthanete)? (2) Na u ikutloa u le tlhoko ea ho sebelisa marang-rang ka ho eketsa nako e le hore u khotsofale? (3) Na u se u entse khafetsa boitekong bo sa atleheng ba ho laola, ho fokotsa kapa ho emisa tšebeliso ea inthanete? (4) Na u ikutloa u sa phutholoha, u le mohono, u sithabetse maikutlo kapa u teneha ha o leka ho fokotsa kapa ho emisa tšebeliso ea inthanete? (5) Na u lula marang-rang nako e telele ho feta kamoo o neng o rerile qalong? (6) Na o beile kotsing ea ho lahleheloa ke kamano ea bohlokoa, mosebetsi, thuto kapa monyetla oa mosebetsi ka lebaka la Marang-rang? (7) Na u kile oa thetsa litho tsa lelapa, ngaka kapa batho ba bang ho pata boemo ba ho kenella Inthaneteng? (8) Na u sebelisa marang-rang e le mokhoa oa ho baleha mathata kapa oa ho imolla letsoalo le sithabetsang (mohlala, maikutlo a ho hloka thuso, letsoalo, matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo)? Barupeluoa ba arabileng 'e' ho lintho 1 ka 5 mme bonyane e ngoe ea lintho tse tharo tse setseng li thathamisitsoe e le ba nang le bothata ba IAD.
Liteko tsa boits'oaro
Ho sebelisitsoe lipotso tsa lipotso tse tšeletseng ho lekola likarolo tsa boits'oaro ba bankakarolo, e leng Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS) [26], Scale ea Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Nako (TMDS) [27], Potso ea Maemo a Matla le Mathata [28], Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS) [29], Screen ea Matšoenyeho a amanang le maikutlo a ngoana (SCARED) [30] le Sesebelisoa sa Tlhahlobo ea Lelapa (FAD) [31]. Liphetho tsohle tsa lipotso li ile tsa qala ho etsoa ka Senyesemane 'me tsa fetoleloa ka Sechaena.
Ho hapa litšoantšo
Ho nahana ka mathata a thata ho ile ha etsoa ho sehatisi sa bongaka sa 3.0-Tesla Phillips Achieva. Lerata le ikhethileng la echo planar infusion e boima le ho lekanya sefofane sa anterior-posterior commissures se entsoe ho latela liparamente tse latelang: nako ea ho pheta-pheta = 8,044 ms; nako ea echo = 68 ms; SENSE factor = 2; buy matrix = 128 × 128 zero-e tlatsitsoe ho 256 × 256; tšimo ea pono = 256 × 256 mm2; botenya ba sekhahla = 4 mm ntle le lekhalo. Likarolo tse akaretsang tsa 34 li koahetse boko kaofela ho kenyeletsa le cerebellum. Li-gradients tse khahlisang tse kenang li ne li sebelisoa hammoho le likhakanyo tsa li-encording tsa 15 tse se nang collinear ka b = 800 s / mm2. Setšoantšo se le seng se kentsoeng ntle le li-gradients tsa infusion (b = 0 s / mm2) e boetse e fumanoe. Ho ntlafatsa lets'oao la keketseho ea lerata, monahano o ile oa phetoa makhetlo a mararo.
Ho lokisa data
Lintlha tsohle tsa DTI li ile tsa etsoa pele ke FMRIB's Diffusion Toolbox (FDT) ka har'a Laeborari ea Software ea FMRIB (FSL; http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl). Taba ea pele, li-volum tse boima ba infusion li ne li hokahanngoa le boima ba eona bo sa tsamaisaneng le b (5 b)0) setšoantšo se nang le phetoho ea affine ho nyenyefatsa ho khopama ha litšoantšo ho tloha maqhubu a eddy le ho fokotsa ho sisinyeha ha hlooho habonolo. Ebe joale, lithane tse senang boko le lerata la kamorao li ne li tlosoa ho b0 setšoantšo se sebelisang Tool ea Khopolo ea Brain. Kamora mehato ena, ho tsitsipanya hoa mesifa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho ile ha hakanngoa ke algorithm e nang le mela e mengata, 'me matrix ea tensor e ile ea theoloa ho fumana lipara tse tharo tsa eigenvalues (λ1, λ2, λ3) le li-eigenveector. 'Me joale litekanyetso tsa voxelwise tsa FA, MD, Da (Da = λ1) le Dr (Dr = (λ2+ λ3) / 2) li baliloe.
Tlhahlobo ea lefuba
Tlhahlobo eohle ea boko ba litšoantšo tsa FA e entsoe ka ho sebelisa TBSS [23], e sebelisitsoeng ho FSL. Ka bokhutšoanyane, limmapa tsa FA tsa lithuto tsohle li ile tsa fetisetsoa morerong o le mong ebe li-module tsa FA tse lumellanang li fetotsoe ho 1 x 1 × 1 mm3 Sebaka se tloaelehileng sa Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI152) ka template ea FMRIB58_FA. Kamora moo, litšoantšo tse ngolisitsoeng tsa FA li ile tsa kopanngoa ho hlahisa setšoantšo sa FA se bolelang sefapano, ebe ho sebelisoa setšoantšo sa FA ho etsa skeleton ea FA e emelang lipina tsa sehlooho tsa fiber le setsi sa lipampitšana tsohle tsa fiber tse tloaelehileng sehlopheng seo. Morero oa 'mele oa FA o ile oa thibelloa hape ke boleng ba FA ba 0.2 ho khetholla lipampitšana tsa pherekano moo ho neng ho e-na le phapang e kholo pakeng tsa taba le / kapa litlamorao tsa karohano e fokolang ka taba e putsoa. Kamora ho ts'oaroa ha skeleton ea "FA skeleton", data e hokahantsoeng ea motho e mong le e mong e ile ea lekanngoa skeleton ho etsa 'mapa oa skeletonized FA, ka ho batla sebaka se potileng skeleton ka lehlakoreng le leng la pampitšana e' ngoe le e 'ngoe. boleng, ebe o abela boleng bona ho sebopeho se lumellanang sa marapo.
Ho khetholla liphapang tsa 'nete lipakeng tsa lithuto tsa IAD le taolo e tloaelehileng, leseli la skeletonised FA le ile la feptjoa tlhahlobisong ea lipalo tsa voxel e thehiloeng tseleng e seng ea parametric e sebelisang khopolo ea tlhahlobo ea tumello. Teko e entsoe ke lenaneo la FSL la tšohanyetso, le sebelisang tumello ea tšohanyetso ea 5000. Ho ile ha hakanngoa lipapiso tse peli: lithuto tsa IAD tse kholo ho feta taolo le taolo e kholo ho feta lithuto tsa IAD. Age e ile ea kenngoa tlhahlobisong e le covariate ho netefatsa hore phapang efe kapa efe e bonoang ea FA pakeng tsa lihlopha e ne e ikemetse ka liphetoho tse amanang le lilemo. Ntlafatso ea sehlopheng sa litheko tse se nang thipa (TFCE) [32], mokhoa o mong o fapaneng le sehlotšoana se tloaelehileng sa sehlopha se atisang ho sekisetsoa ke litlhaloso tse se nang mabaka tsa sehlopha se etsang monyako, se sebelisitsoe ho fumana phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli ho p <0.01, kamora ho ikarabella bakeng sa lipapiso tse ngata ka ho laola phoso ea bohlale ba lelapa. Sekhahla sa (FWE). Ho tsoa liphethong tsa papiso ea sehlopha se bohlale sa voxel, libaka tsa masapo tse bonts'ang liphapang tse kholo tsa sehlopha li ile tsa fumaneha 'me tsa ngoloa ka mokhoa oa' mele ka ho etsa 'mapa oa' mapa o lokisitsoeng oa FWE oa p <0.01 ho Univesithi ea Johns Hopkins (JHU) -ICBM-DTI-81 tšoeu taba (WM) labels atlelase le JHU-WM Tractography Atlas ka MNI sebaka.
Tlhahlobo-lethathamo la lithahasello tsa li-indices tsa infusion
Bakeng sa ho lekola mekhoa ea meralo e meholo ea liphetoho tse hlokometsoeng tsa FA, tlhahlobo ea vol-of-interest (VOI) e ile ea etsoa ho fuputsa liphetoho tsa li-indices tsa diffusivity (Da, Dr le MD) libakeng tse bonts'ang maemo a sa tloaelehang a FA. Ho etsa joalo, limaske tsa VOI li ile tsa ntšoa pele ho latela lihlopha tse bonts'ang liphapang tse kholo tsa sehlopha sa FA. Limaske tsena tsa VOIs li ile tsa khutlisetsoa morao ho litšoantšo tsa mantlha tsa sehlooho ka seng, 'me litekanyetso tsa boleng ba li-indices tse hasantsoeng ka har'a li-VOIs li baliloe. Kamora ho netefatsa kabo e tloaelehileng ea data ka sampole e le 'ngoe ea tlhahlobo ea Kolmogorov-Smirnov, tlhahlobo e le' ngoe ea covariance (ANCOVA) le sehlopha e le li-indices tse ikemetseng tse fapaneng le tse fapaneng joalo ka ha mefuta e itšetlehileng ka eona e ne e etsoa, ho laola lilemo tsa lithuto. Ho sebelisitsoe boemo ba bohlokoa ba lipalo tsa p <0.05 (Bonferroni tokiso bakeng sa lipapiso tse ngata).
Litlhahlobo tsa Pearson Correlation li sebelisitsoe ho leka likamano lipakeng tsa liphetoho tsa FA ka har'a li-VOIs le mehato ea boits'oaro. P <0.05 (e sa nepisoang) e ne e nkuoa e le ea bohlokoa. Mehato e bohlale ea mehato e mengata e hlahlobang e nang le litekanyetso tsa karolelano ea FA ho li-VOI joalo ka maemo a itšetlehileng le lilemo, thuto, bong, YIAS, SDQ, SCARED, FAD, TMDS le BIS joalo ka mefuta e ikemetseng e ile ea etsoa ho netefatsa hore na FA e tlase e fumanoang ho VOIs e ka ba teng e boletsoeng esale pele ke lintlha tse tsoang litekong tsa boits'oaro.
Mehato ea boipaballo le boits'oaro
Lethathamo 1 e thathamisa litekanyetso tsa palo ea batho le boits'oaro bakeng sa IAD le lihlooho tsa taolo. Ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo kabo ea lilemo, bong le lilemo tsa thuto lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. Lihlooho tsa IAD li bontšitse li-YIAS tse phahameng (p <0.0001), SDQ (p <0.001), SCARED (p <0.0001) le FAD (p = 0.016) ho feta litsamaiso. Ha ho phapang lipakeng tsa TMDS le BIS tse fumanoeng lipakeng tsa lihlopha.
Liphetho tsa TBSS
Boleng ba 0.2 bo sebelisitsoe ho hatisa bophahamo ba skeleton ea FA hoo palo eohle ea li-voxels tsa 131962 li ileng tsa kenngoa tlhahlobisong ea bohlale ea TBSS ea voxel. Ho hasoa ha libaka tsa boko ho bonts'a FA e fokotsehileng sehlopheng sa IAD ho hlahisoa Feie. 1 'me Lethathamo 2. Ha li bapisoa le litaba tsa taolo, lithuto tsa IAD li ne li fokolitse haholo FA (p <0.01; TFCE-corrected) litabeng tse tšoeu tsa orbito-frontal tse tšoeu, corpus callosum, likhoele tsa mokhatlo le ho nka karolo ha linaha tse ka tlase-pele tsa occipital fasciculus le cingulum e ka hare ho naha, likhoele tsa projeke tse nang le mahlaseli a mabeli a ka pele, a holimo le a kamora 'mele a corona, leoto le kopaneng la kantle la capsule ea kahare, komiki ea kantle ea linaha tse peli, le gyrus ea pele ea pele. Ho ne ho se na libaka tsa litaba tse tšoeu moo litsamaiso li neng li na le boleng bo tlase haholo ba FA ha bo bapisoa le bankakarolo ba IAD.
Setšoantšo sa 1. Tlhahlobo ea lefuba la lefu la TBSS ea likhathatso tse senotsoeng.
Libaka tse khubelu ke libaka tseo FA e neng e le tlase haholo (p <0.01, e lokisitsoeng ke TFCE) ho bacha ba nang le ts'oaetso ea inthanete (IAD) e amanang le taolo e tloaelehileng ntle le IAD. Ho thusa ho bonts'a pono, libaka tse bonts'ang FA (tse khubelu) li fokotsehile ho sebelisoa tbss_fill script e sebelisitsoeng ho FSL. Results li bontšoa li manehiloe holima template ea MNI152-T1 le moelelo oa skeleton oa FA (botala). Lehlakore le letšehali la setšoantšo le tsamaisana le karolo e nepahetseng ea bokhabane ba kelello.
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.g001
Tafole 2. Libaka tsa Neuroanatomical tse nang le FA e fokolitsoeng ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi Inthaneteng mabapi le taolo e tloaelehileng. (p <0.01, TFCE e lokisitsoe).
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.t002
Liphetho tsa VOI
Libaka tsa boko tsa 22 tse bonts'ang boleng bo fokolisitsoeng ba FA sehlopheng sa IAD li ile tsa tlosoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho VOI ea li-indices tse ling tsa infusion. Liphetho li thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 3. Li-VOIs tse leshome le metso e supileng ho tse 22 li bontšitse keketseho e kholo ea Dr (p <0.05, tokiso ea Bonferroni bakeng sa lipapiso tse 22). Ha ho liphapang tse kholo tse fumanoeng ho Da ho efe kapa efe ea VOIs.
Tafole 3. Phapang ea lihlopha tsa mananeo a arohanang ho tloha lithahasellong-tsa lithahasello (tse lokisitsoeng bakeng sa lilemo).
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.t003
Bakeng sa li-VOIs tse 22, tlhahlobo ea pearson ea khokahano e bonts'itse likamano tse mpe haholo lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA ka ho le letšehali la corpus callosum le SCARED (r = -0.621, p = 0.008, e sa nepisoang; Setšoantšo sa 2A), Le lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA ka har'a capsule e kantle ea leqele le YIAS (r = -0.566, p = 0.018, e sa lokisoang;Setšoantšo sa 2B) lithutong tsa IAD. Tlhatlhobo e mengata ea khatello ea maikutlo e bonts'itse hore litlamorao tsa SCARED ho FA kahare ho leqele la corpus callosum li ne li le bohlokoa lipalo (standardized β = -0.621, t = -3.07, p = 0.008), empa eseng ea lilemo, bong, thuto le mefuta e meng ea psychometric. Tlhatlhobo e fapaneng ea tatellano ea tatellano e boetse e bonts'itse hore litlamorao tsa YIAS ho FA kahare ho capsule ea kantle e ka letsohong li ne li le bohlokoa (standardized ized = -0.566, t = -2.66, p = 0.018), empa eseng ea lilemo, bong, thuto le tse ling mefuta-futa ea psychometric.
Setšoantšo sa 2. Tlhahlobo ea likamano pakeng tsa frisional anisotropy (FA) le mehato ea boits'oaro kahare ho sehlopha sa ts'ebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete (IAD).
Ho thusa ho bona, libaka tse bonts'ang li-correlation tsa bohlokoa (tse khubelu) li matlafalitsoe li sebelisa tbss_fill script e kenngoeng ho FSL. Setšoantšo sa 2A e bonts'a litekanyetso tsa FA ka letsohong le letšehali la corpus callosum li hokahana hampe le Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) (r = -0.621, p = 0.008). Setšoantšo sa 2B e bonts'a litekanyetso tsa FA ka lehlakoreng le letšehali le ka ntle la li-capsule tse amanang hampe le sekala sa Young's Internet addiction (YIAS) (r = -0.566, p = 0.018).
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.g002
Puisano
Thutong ena, re sebelisitse DTI ho fuputsa botsitso ba litaba tse tšoeu ho bacha ba IAD ka tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea boko eohle e bonohileng ea voxel-bohlale ea lefuba. Ha ho bapisoa le lilemo, bong le taolo e amanang le thuto, lithuto tsa IAD li ne li fokolitse haholo FA mohopolong oa orbito o ka pele, hammoho le cingulum, likhoele tsa "cosus" tsa "corpus call" mahlaseli a corona, capsule ea kahare le sehokelo sa kantle (Setšoantšo sa 1 'me Lethathamo 2). Liphetho tsena li fana ka bopaki ba bofokoli bo pharalletseng bothateng ba litaba tse tšoeu 'me bo bontša ho se sebetse tlhophisong ea lipampitšana tsa litaba tse tšoeu ho IAD. Tlhahlobo ea VOI e bonts'itse hore ho fokotseha hoa boleng ba FA ho IAD e ne e le ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha radial (Lethathamo 3), mohlomong ponahatso ea polao. Ntle le moo, liphetho tsa tlhahlobisiso ea khokahano li bonts'itse FA ho genus ea letšehali la corpus callos e ne e amana hantle le SCARED, mme FA kahare ea khetla la kantle le letšehali le ne le amana hantle le YIAS (Setšoantšo sa 2). Liphumano tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore ts'epahalo ea litaba tse tšoeu e ka sebetsa e le sepheo se secha sa kalafo bakeng sa IAD, 'me FA e ka sebelisoa e le biomarker e tšoanelehang ho utloisisa mekhoa e ka tlase ea kotsi ea morao kapa ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea ho kenella ka mokhoa o itseng oa pele ho IAD.
Bothata bo sa sebetseng ba tšoeu bo amanang le IAD
Orbito-frontal cortex e na le khokahano e pharaletseng le libaka tsa pele, tsa visceromotor, le tsa maoto, hammoho le libaka tsa kopanelo tsa mokhoa o mong le o mong oa kutlo. [33]. E na le karolo ea bohlokoa ho sebetsanang le maikutlo a maikutlo le lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi, tse kang ho lakatsa, boitšoaro bo qobelloang ho pheta-pheta, le ho etsa liqeto tsa malapa [34], [35]. Boithuto ba pejana bo fumane hore nnete e sa sebetseng hantle ea 'mala o mosoeu mokokotlong oa orbito e' nile ea bonoa khafetsa lithutong tse senotsoeng ke lintho tse lemalloang, tse kang joala [36], cocaine [37], [38], matekoane [39], methamphetamine [40], le ketamine [41]. Ho fumana ha rona hore IAD e amana le ho ts'epahala hoa litaba tse tšoeu tse sa sebetseng likarolong tse ka pele tsa orbito hoa ts'oana ka liphetho tsena tse fetileng.
Anterior cingrate cortex (ACC) e hokahana le li-lobes tse ka pele le tsamaiso ea methapo, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa taolong ea kelello, ts'ebetsong ea maikutlo le ho lakatsa [42]. Ho tšepahala ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng ka har'a cingulum e ka ntle ho nako ho 'nile ha bonoa ka mokhoa o sa khaotseng mefuteng e meng ea bokhoba ba tahi, joalo ka bokhoba ba joala. [36], ho itšetleha ka heroin [43], le ho lemalla k'hok'heine [38]. Ho shebella ha FA e fokotsehileng ka har'a cingulum e ka ntle ea lithuto tsa IAD ho lumellana le liphetho tsena tse fetileng le tlaleho ea hore ts'ebeliso e boima ea marang-rang[17] e amahanngoa le ho laola mokhoa oa ho tseba ho tseba lintho. Ho thahasellisang ka ho eketsehileng, sehlopha se le seng sa lihlooho tsa IAD se ne se bontšitsoe hore se fokotsehile haholo ho ba le bothata bo botle bo botle ka lehlakoreng le letšehali, ho bapisoa le taolo [12]. Liphello tse tšoanang li boetse li tlalehile ke sehlopha se seng [13].
Sebopeho se seng se kholo se bonts'ang FA e fokotsehile ho thuto ea IAD ke Corpus callosum, e leng tšoele e kholo e tšoeu ea fiber e kopanyang neocortex ea li-hemispheres tse peli. [44]. Likarolo tse ka ntle tsa corpus callosum li hokahanya li-cortices tse ka pele, ha 'mele le splenium li hokahanya libaka tsa parietal, tsa nakoana le tsa occipital Homotopic [45]. Khokahano ea fiber e kopaneng ka har'a corpus callosum ke ntho e tloaelehileng e fumanoang lithutong tse nang le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa [46]. Lithutong tse itšetlehileng ka koae, e fokotsitse haholo 'mele oa' mele oa genu le oa rostral [47] le mmele le splenium ea corpus callosum [48] ho tlalehiloe. Ba hlekefetsang Methamphetamine ba bonts'itse ts'epahalo ea taba e tšoeu ho genu [49] le mmele wa rostral [50] of Corpus callosum. Tšebeliso e mpe ea tahi e boetse e amahanngoa le FA e fokotsehileng ho genu, mmele le splenium ea Corpus callosum [51], [52]. Haufinyane tjena, Bora et al. [53] o bone phokotso ea FA ho genu le isthmus ea corpus callosum ho bakuli ba itšetlehileng ka opiate. Liphumano tsa rona tsa FA tse fokotsitsoeng haholo-holo ka hara genu ea genus le 'mele oa "corpus callosum" lithutong tsa IAD li bontša hore tšebeliso e boima ea marang-rang, e ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, e ka senya taba e tšoeu ea micostructure ea Corpus callosum.
Ha ho bapisoa le taolo, lithuto tsa IAD li boetse li bonts'itse ho fokotseha haholo ha FA mokokotlong oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, khubung ea kantle, radiation ea corona, inferior ea fronto-occipital fasciculus le precentral gyrus. Hape, liphoso tse tšoanang le tse tšoeu li ile tsa bonoa ka mefuta e meng ea bokhoba. Mohlala, ho fetotsoe litaba tse tšoeu letlalong le kahare la sephiri sa kahare le khase ea kantle ho ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala. [54], [55] le bokhoba ba opiate [53]. FA e fokotseha ka lehare la mokokotlo oa kahare e ka ba sesupo sa liphetoho lipakeng tsa mekato ea ka pele. Tsela ena e fana ka khokahano lipakeng tsa thalamus / striatum le frontal cortical libaka ebile e na le sistimi e phethang karolo ea moputso le ts'ebetsong ea maikutlo [56]. K'hapete ea kantle e hokahanya cortex ea ventral le ea medial pele ho striatum. Rarona radiata e entsoe ka likhoele tse tšoeu tse hokahanyang cortex ea mokokotlo le khokahano ea kahare mme e fana ka khokahano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa lobes tsa pele, tsa parietal, tsa nakoana le tsa occipital. [57]. Ho tšepahalla taba e tšoeu e sa sebetseng ho Corona radiata e kile ea bonoa ho cocaine [58]le tlhekefetso ea methamphetamine [59], le ho lemalla joala [54]. Fronto-occipital fasciculus e ka tlase-tlase ke mokotla o kopanyang karolo ea pele le li-lobes tsa parietal le occipital. Ha ho bapisoa le lino tse bobebe, lino tse tahang li na le FA e tlase sebakeng sena [54]. Gyrus e sa tloaelehang le pele ho nako e tlalehiloe ka ho itšetleha ha heroin [43] le matekoane le bacha ba sebelisang joala bocha [39].
Ka kakaretso, liphumano tsa rona li bonts'a hore IAD e na le ts'ebeliso e mpe e tšoeu ea taba tse tšoeu libakeng tsa boko tse kenyelletsang molokong oa maikutlo le ts'ebetsong, tlhokomelo e kholo, ho nka liqeto le taolo ea kelello. Liphetho li boetse li fana ka maikutlo a hore IAD e ka arolelana mekhoa ea kelello le neural le mefuta e meng ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le mathata a taolo ea tšusumetso.
Mekhoa e ka bang teng e bakang ho fokotseha ha FA
Le ha FA e fokotsehile ke biomarker e ikemiselitseng hantle bakeng sa ts'epahalo e tšoeu ea taba e tšoeu, moelelo oa eona o nepahetseng oa neurobiological o sa ntse o lokela ho utloisisoa ka botlalo. FA ea masela a masoeu / likhoele li ka angoa ke lintho tse ngata tse kenyelletsang myelination, size le axon, tsela geometry, le sebaka sa metsi sa extracellular pakeng tsa likhoele. [20]. Thutong ena, re fumane hore phokotso ea FA bokong ba lithuto tsa IAD e ne e tsamaisoa haholo ke keketseho ea radial diffusivity, ntle le liphetoho tse ngata tse bonoang ho axial disusivity (Lethathamo 3). Sena se boetse se bonahala e le 'nete ka mofuta o mong oa ts'ebeliso ea lintho, joalo ka koae [60], [61], opiate[53], le tlhekefetso / bokhoba ba methamphetamine [62]. Le ha e ntse e le taba ea ngangisano, ho lumeloa ka kakaretso hore ho fapana ha radial haholo-holo e bontša ho tšepahala le botenya ba maqephe a myelin a koahelang axons [22], athe axial diffusivity e ka supa mokhatlo oa sebopeho sa fiber le botšepehi ba axon[63]. Haeba khopolo ena e sebetsa ho rona, ho ka fihlela qeto ea hore ho fokotsoa ha FA ho hlokometse hore boko ba lithuto tsa IAD hangata ke pontšo ea ho senyeha hoa botšepehi ba myelin libakeng tsa boko tse amehileng.
Kamano lipakeng tsa FA le mekhoa ea boitšoaro ho IAD
Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro e bonts'itse hore lithuto tsa IAD li bile le lintlha tse phahameng haholo ho YIAS, SDQ, SCARED le FAD, ha li bapisoa le taolo. Liphumano tsena li lumellana le liphetho tsa lithuto tsa pele tsa neuropsychological lithutong tsa IAD [9], [64]. Ho utloisisa likamano lipakeng tsa botšepehi ba taba e tšoeu le likarolo tsa boits'oaro ho fana ka leseli la bohlokoa mechineng e amanang le methapo e tlatsetsang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa matšoao a bokhoba. Mohlala, Pfeff)um le basebetsi mmoho [65] e tlaleha khokahano e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA ho splenium le memori e sebetsang ho lino tse tahang tse sa foleng. Ka ts'ebeliso ea koae, ho bile le kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa FA ho anterior Corpus callosum le impulsivity, le khokahano e ntle lipakeng tsa FA le khethollo li ile tsa bonoa [47]. FA maemong a nepahetseng a ka pele a ts'ebetso ea heroine e fumanoe e sa amane le nako ea ts'ebeliso ea heroin [43]. Taolo e hlokofatsang ea kelello e ne e amahanngoa le FA e tlase ho genu ea corpus callosum ho bahlaseli ba methamphetamine [49].
Thutong ena, re etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le boitšoaro bo amanang le phokotso ea FA libakeng tse amehang tsa kelello lithutong tsa IAD. Phokotso ea FA ho genu ea leqeleng la Corpus callosum ea lihlooho tsa IAD tse amanang hantle le keketseho ea lintlha tsa SCARED; ha lintlha tse phahameng tsa YIAS li ne li bonahala li amahanngoa le ho ts'epahala ho hoholo ha taba e tšoeu ka har'a sephiri sa kantle ka ho le letšehali.
SCARED ke potso e tšepahalang le e sebetsang ea ho itlhalosa e lekanyang matšoao a mathata a ho tšoenyeha ho bana [30]. Lithuto tsa Neuropsychological li senotse hore bacha ba IAD ba ne ba e-na le lintlha tse phahameng tsa SCARED haholo ho feta tse se nang IAD [64]. Momahano e mebe lipakeng tsa scARED scores le FA ho genus ea corpus callosum e ka hlaha ka tšitiso ea khokahano pakeng tsa li-cortices tsa pele ho naha tse amehang mathateng a ho tšoenyeha. YIAS e lekola hore na ts'ebeliso e boima ea marang-rang e ka ama ts'ebetso ea sechaba le likamano joang [26]; mme ke sesebelisoa se sebelisoang haholo ho lekola boteng ba marang-rang. Liphuputso tse fetileng tsa psychometric li bontšitse hore lithuto tsa IAD li ne li na le lintlha tse phahameng tsa YIAS ho feta tse se nang IAD [9]. Kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa YIAS le boleng ba FA karolong e kaholimo ea letsoho e siiloeng e bonts'a hore lithuto tsa IAD tse nang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa YIAS li ne li bonahala li na le ts'epahalo e tlase ea litaba tse tšoeu tseleng ea nakoana ea marang-rang e hokahaneng ka tsela e tsoelang kantle.
Ntle le moo, likamano lipakeng tsa botšepehi ba litaba tse tšoeu le likarolo tsa boits'oaro li bonts'a sepheo sa nalane sa kalafo bakeng sa kalafo ea lithuto tsa IAD, e lumellanang le mehala ea morao-rao ho shebana le ntlafatso ea kelello har'a batho ba lemaletseng ho kenyeletsa lithuto tsa IAD [66], [67]. Boithuto ba morao-rao bo bonts'itse hore kalafo ea 'mele kapa ea bongaka e ka ntlafatsa ts'epo ea litaba tse tšoeu. Mohlala, Schlaug le basebetsi mmoho le bona ba tlalehiloe hore kalafo ea 'mele e ka ntlafatsa ts'epo ea taba e tšoeu sebakeng se nepahetseng sa puo le ho ntlafatsa puo ho bakuli ba aphasic ba nang le maqeba sebakeng sa puo e setseng [68]. Ka hona, liphumano tsa litloaelano tse bohlokoa pakeng tsa ts'epo e tšoeu ea 'mala o mosoeu ho pholletsa le libaka tse pharalletseng le mehato e futsanehileng ea li-neuropshychological lithutong tsa IAD li fana ka maikutlo a hore ts'epahalo ea litaba tse tšoeu e ka sebetsa e le selelekela sa thibelo kapa sepheo se secha sa kalafo bakeng sa IAD.
TBSS khahlanong le VBM
Phuputso ea rona e fetileng e bontšitse hore ha ho na taba e tšoeu ea atrophy lithutong tse tšoanang tsa cohort IAD [12], mme sena se ka bonahala se sa lumellane le se fumanoeng thutong ena. Bothata ba litaba tse bosootho kapa bosoeu bo lekantsoeng ke VBM bo hlalosoa e le karolo e kopantsoeng ea likarolo tse putsoa kapa tse bosoeu litšoantšong tse ikhethileng (ke hore, karolo ea bohlooho kapa e tšoeu ho mefuta eohle ea lithane sebakeng), e sa lokelang ho "ferekanngoa le sele ho paka boima bo lekantsoeng cytoarononon " [69]. Tlhahlobisong ea DTI / TBSS, boleng ba 'nete bo sebelisoa e le tšireletso ea boteng ba litaba tse tšoeu, tse ka hlahang ka lintlha tse kang myelination, saese ea axon le letsoalo, geometry ea sebaka, le sebaka sa metsi sa kantle pakeng tsa likhoele. [20]. Ka hona, letsoalo le thehiloeng ke VBM le botsitso ba sebopeho se lekantsoeng ke DTI li emela likarolo tse fapaneng tsa taba e tšoeu. Ho ka ba le libaka tse tšoeu tse sa bontsheng atrophy ea VBM, empa e haelloa ka tsela e hlophisitsoeng joalo ka ha e fumanoe ke litekanyo tsa FA (ke hore ho joalo hantle thutong ea rona ea IAD), empa ka mokhoa o fapaneng. Ho nka se fumanoeng lithutong tsena tse peli mmoho, ho ka fihleloa qeto ea hore IAD lilemong tsa bocha ha e amane le liphetoho tsa moriana litabeng tse tšoeu maemong a macroscopic, empa ho e-na le hoo, e fokolitse boteng ba litaba tse tšoeu, tse ka hlahisoang ke ho fokola semolao.
Meeli ea Thuto
Ho na le meeli e 'maloa e lokelang ho boleloa thutong ena. Taba ea mantlha, ho fumanoa ha IAD ho ne ho thehiloe haholo liphatlalatsong tsa lipotso tse ipolelang, tse ka bakang karohano e itseng. Ka hona, tlhahlobo ea IAD e hloka ho ntlafatsoa ka lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhahlobo ho ntlafatsa ts'epahalo le bonnete. Taba ea bobeli, leha re lekile ka matla ho khetholla lintho tse sebelisang komello le mafu a kelello, ho amoheloe hore sena se kanna sa etsoa ka ho lekana (ke hore, ha ho fanoa ka tlhahlobo ea moroto, mekhoa ea ho robala le kemiso le boroko ba letsatsi le letsatsi bo ne bo sa laoloe moqomong oa teko) , e le hore liphetoho tse tšoeu tsa taba e tšoeu li se ke tsa hlahisoa ke IAD ka ngoe. Hape hoa amoheloa hore hona ha se thuto e laoloang ea litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ho sebopeho sa boko. Taba ea boraro, boholo ba sampole thutong ena bo ne bo fokola haholo, bo ka fokotsang matla a bohlokoa ba lipalo le kakaretso ea se fumanoeng. Ka lebaka la meeli ena, liphetho tsena li lokela ho nkuoa e le tsa pele, tse hlokang ho phetoa lithutong tse tlang ka mohlala o moholo oa sampole. Qetellong, ha re ntse re etsa thuto e akaretsang, liphetho tsa rona ha li bonts'e ka ho hlaka hore na likarolo tsa kelello li etelletse pele ntlafatso ea IAD kapa e bile litholoana tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang. Ka hona, lithuto tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho leka ho tseba likamano tsa causal pakeng tsa IAD le mehato ea kelello.
Ka ho phethela, re sebelisitse DTI ka tlhahlobo ea TBSS ho etsa lipatlisiso ka sebopeho sa taba e tšoeu har'a bacha ba IAD. Liphetho li bonts'a hore IAD e bonts'oa ke ho senyeha ha likhoele tse tšoeu tse hokahanyang likarolo tsa boko tse kenyelletsang maikutlo le ts'ebetso, tlhokomelo e kholo, ho nka liqeto le taolo ea kelello. Liphumano li boetse li fana ka maikutlo a hore IAD e ka arolelana mekhoa ea kelello le ea neural ka mefuta e meng ea mathata a taolo ea tšusumetso le ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Ho kenyelletsa moo, litloaelano lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA libakeng tse tšoeu le mekhoa ea boits'oaro e bonts'a hore ts'ebeliso ea litaba tse tšoeu e kanna ea ba sepheo sa kalafo bakeng sa IAD, mme DTI e ka ba ea bohlokoa ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le lefu la kalafo ea IAD, mme FA e kanna ea ba ea tšoanelehang. biomarker ho lekola katleho ea ho kenella ka mokhoa o khethehileng ho IAD.
lumela hore baa fokola
Re leboha bahlahlobi ba babeli ba sa tsejoeng ka litlhaloso le litlhahiso tsa bona tse hahang. Re boetse re leboha baithuti ba lilemong tsa bocha le malapa a nkileng karolo ea boithatelo thutong ena.
Menehelo ea Mongoli
E tseba le ho rala liteko: FL YZ YD JX HL. O entse liteko: YZ LQ ZZ. Ho hlahlobisisa data: FL HL. Li-reagents tse kentsoeng / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo: YZ YD FL. Ngola pampiri: FL HL.
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