Phuputso e mabapi le bothata ba smartphone e sebelisang: Karolo ea ho hlasela, ho tšoenyeha le botho (2017)

. SepNXX; 2017 (6): 3-378.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2017 Aug 25. doi:  10.1556/2006.6.2017.052

PMCID: PMC5700726

inahaneloang

Ka morao le sepheo

Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, tšebeliso ea li-smartphone lefatšeng ka bophara e eketsehile haholo. Ntle le kholo ena, lipatlisiso mabapi le tšusumetso ea li-smartphone ka boitšoaro ba motho le tsona li eketsehile. Leha ho le joalo, palo e ntseng e eketseha ea lithuto e bontšitse hore tšebeliso e matla ea li-smartphones e ka lebisa litlamorao tse fokolang ho batho ba fokolang. Phuputso ena e hlahloba likarolo tsa kelello tsa ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone haholo-holo mabapi le tšebeliso ea mathata, narcissism, matšoenyeho le lintlha tsa botho.

mekhoa

Mohlala oa basebelisi ba li-smartphone tsa 640 ho tloha 13 ho isa lilemong tsa 69 (bolela = lilemo tsa 24.89, SD = 8.54) e fane ka likarabo tse felletseng phuputsong ea inthanete ho kenyeletsoa le litekanyetso tsa DSM-5 tsa Internet Gaming Disorder ho lekola tšebeliso e thata ea li-smartphone, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, le Ten-Item Personality Inventory.

Results

Liphetho li bonts'itse likamano tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea li-smartphone tse nang le mathata le letsoalo, letsoalo, ho pepeseha, botsitso ba maikutlo, nako e sebelisitsoeng ho li-smartphones, le lilemo. Liphetho li boetse li bonts'a hore letsoalo, botsitso ba maikutlo, le botsitso e ne e le bashebelli ba ikemetseng ba ts'ebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone.

fihlela qeto e

Liphumano li bonts'a hore ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone e amana le lintlha tse fapaneng tsa botho mme e thusa ho utloisisa le ho feta kelello ea boitšoaro ba li-smartphone le litloaelano le tšebeliso e feteletseng ea li-smartphones.

Keywords: li-smartphone, tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone, narcissism, matšoenyeho, botho

Selelekela

Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e mengata ea li-smartphones, lipatlisiso li fana ka maikutlo a hore li-smartphone li fetohile ntho e hlokahalang bophelong ba batho ka bomong (), ka li-smartphones tsa 4.23 limilione tse likete tse sebelisoang lefatšeng ka bophara (). Phuputso ea basebelisi ba li-smartphone ba 2,097 ba Amerika ba tlalehile hore basebelisi ba 60% ba ke ke ba nka hora e le 'ngoe ntle le ho lekola li-smartphones tsa bona ka 1% ba tlaleha hore ba lekotse li-smartphone tsa bona ha ba robetse, 54% ba hlahlobile li-smartphone tsa bona ha ba ntse ba sebelisa ntloana, mme 39% ba e hlahlobile nakong ja le ba bang (). Liphumano tse joalo li fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba bang ba bontša matšoao a ho itšetleha ka smartphone. Liphello tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone li 'nile tsa hlahlojoa lilemong tse fetileng tsa 10. Mohlala, Salehan le Negahban () e fumane hore tšebeliso e phahameng ea smartphone e amana le ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea marang-rang ea marang-rang (SNS), le hore ts'ebeliso ea SNS e ne e le ponelopele ea ho lemalla li-smartphone. Patlisiso e boetse e bonts'itse hore basebelisi ba li-smartphone ba tlalehang khafetsa ts'ebeliso ea SNS le bona ba tlaleha ts'ekamelo e phahameng ea ho lemalla (). Ho theoha ha maemo ho ka hlaha ka lebaka la ho potlaka ha lintlha tsa moputso ha u hlahloba smartphone. Sena se bitsoa "tloaelo ea ho hlahloba" () eo ho eona batho ba tloaetseng ho batla ho hlahloba li-smartphones tsa bona hore na li nchafatsoa.

Patlisiso mabapi le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone le botho ba eona ke sebaka se amohetseng tlhokomelo e eketsehang. Patlisiso e bontšitse hore bashebelli ba nang le monyetla oa ho ba le smartphone hape ba na le monyetla oa ho sebelisa mesebetsi ea mengolo ho buisana le ba bang (; ; ). Bianchi le Phillips () e tlaleha hore ts'ebeliso ea mehala ea thelefono ea mathata e ne e le ts'ebetso ea lilemo, ho fetelletsa le ho itšepa ho tlōla. Patlisiso e boetse e bontšitse hore lingoloa tse ngata li sebelisa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba molemong oa ntlafatso ea sechaba, athe basekaseki ba sebelisa litaba tsa sechaba ho senola litaba tsa botho (mohlala, ; ), ka hona e e sebelisa ho etsa puseletso ea sechaba (). Roberts, Pullig le Manolis () fumaneha intagasion e ne e tsamaisana hampe le bokhoba ba li-smartphone. Patlisiso ea Ehrenberg, Juckes, White, le Walsh () e bonts'itse kamano pakeng tsa neuroticism le ho lemalla li-smartphone. Haufinyane tjena, Andreassen et al. () e tlaleha khokahano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa matšoao a tšebeliso ea mahlale a tšebeliso ea kelello le ho lemala / ho se sebetse hantle, khatello ea kelello le khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo. Nako ea lilemo e ne e bonahala e amana le tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea mahlale. Ntle le moo, ho ba mosali ho ne ho amana haholo le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba. Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphuputso tsena li bontša hore botho le lintlha tsa karolo ea sechaba li bapala karolo ea hore na batho ba sebelisana joang le lifono.

Narcissism, tšobotsi e amanang le ho ba le maikutlo a maholo a boits'oaro le maikutlo a ho ba oa bohlokoa, e bile sepheo sa lithuto tsa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone. Pearson le Hussain's) patlisiso e entsoeng ho basebelisi ba li-smartphone tsa 256 e fumane hore 13.3% ea bankakarolo e khethollotsoe e le lithethefatsi ho li-smartphones tsa bona le hore lintlha tse phahameng tsa narcissism le li-neuroticism li ne li amana le bokhoba. Andreassen, Pallesen, le Griffiths '() tlhahlobo ea barupeluoa ba fetang 23,000 ba fumane hore ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba e amana le mekhoa e metle. Ho feta moo, lithuto tse 'maloa (mohlala, ; ; ; ; ; ) ba boletse hore li-narcissists li tloaetse ho kenya lifoto tse hohelang le tse ipatisang ho li-SNS le ho ntlafatsa maemo a bona khafetsa bakeng sa ho itlhahisa. Ka bobeli, lithuto tsena li totobatsa likamano tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa narcissism le ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba.

Ho tšoenyeha ke tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea kelello e kileng ea hlahlojoa mabapi le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone. Patlisiso ea Cheever, Rosen, Cariler, le Chavez () e fumane hore basebelisi ba li-smartphone ba boima le ba itekanetseng ba ikutloa ba tšoenyehile haholo ka mor'a nako. Ba phethile ka hore ho itšetleha ka li-smartphones, tse kopaneng le khokahano e seng kotsi bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea bona e sa feleng, ho ka lebisa ho tšoenyehong ho eketsehileng ha sesebelisoa se le sieo. Liphuputso tse 'maloa li tlalehile kamano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone le matšoenyeho a tšebelisano ea sechaba (; ; ), matšoenyeho a qobelloang (), le matšoenyeho a akaretsang (; ; ; ; ; ). Kamano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso e phahameng ea smartphone le matšoenyeho a phahameng, ho hloka boroko, le ho ba mosali le tsona li tlalehiloe (). Ha li nkuoa hammoho, lithuto tsena li fana ka lebaka la ho etsa lipatlisiso tse ling tse mabapi le ho tšoenyeha le mekhatlo e sebelisang li-smartphone.

Bafuputsi ba bang (mohlala, ; ; ) ke bapisitse tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le papali ea chelete. Kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji le bophelo ba kelello e se e bitsoa "iDisorder" (), mme ho na le bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha ba lipatlisiso ho tšehetsa tseko e joalo. Mohlala, phuputso e lebisitsoeng ho batho ba baholo ba Sweden e fumane hore ts'ebeliso ea smartphone e eketsehileng e boletse esale pele matšoao a eketsehang a khatello ea maikutlo selemo hamorao (). Phuputsong ea baithuti ba Maafrika le Maamerika, batho ba neng ba romella melaetsa e mengata haholo le ho qeta nako e ngata ho li-SNS ba fumanoe ba hlahisa matšoao a bokhopo ba paranoid hobane ho tlalehiloe hore ba bile le pono e sa tloaelehang ea 'nete (). Lithuto tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore tšebeliso e feteletseng ea li-smartphones ho batho ba bang e amana le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello le mathata a bokhoba ba ho lemalla.

Ho boetse ho na le bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha bo bontšang kamano lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le lintho tseo u ka li etsang ho smartphone tse kang ho romellana melaetsa, ho shebella livideo, ho bapala lipapali le ho mamela 'mino (; ; ; ; ). Lintho tse ling tse amanang le tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone li kenyelletsa ho itšepa ho tlase le ho fetella (). Ha et al. () e lemohile hore bacha ba Korea ba neng ba sebelisa li-smartphone tse ngata haholo ba ile ba bontša matšoao a sithabetsang, ho tšoenyeha ho hoholo pakeng tsa motho le ho itšepa ho feta basebelisi ba li-smartphone ba sa feteng letho. Phuputso e tšoanang e boetse e tlaleha kamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi tsa smartphone le marang-rang. Liphumano tse tšoanang li tlalehiloe ke Im, Hwang, Choi, Seo, le Byun ().

Patlisiso e bonts'ang kamano e ntle (kapa e mpe) lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a tloaelehileng le matšoao a sithabetsang le tsona li tlalehiloe. Mohlala, thuto e telele ea Facebook ts'ebeliso () o fumane seo Facebook tšebeliso e lebisitse ho phaello molemong oa ho koala likamano tsa sechaba mme basebelisi ba nang le boitšepo bo tlase ba tlalehile melemo e mengata likamanong tsa sechaba ka lebaka la Facebook sebedisa. Lipatlisiso tsa Davila et al. () e fumane hore tšebeliso ea SNS hangata khafetsa e ne e sa amane le matšoao a sithabetsang. Leha ho le joalo, litšebelisano tse mpe tse ling ha marang-rang a sechaba a ne a amana le matšoao a sithabetsang. Park le Lee () e tlaleha hore li-smartphones li ka ntlafatsa boiketlo ba kelello haeba li sebelisetsoa ho phethahatsa tlhoko ea ho tsotella ba bang kapa puisano e tšehetsang. Ho fapana le lithuto tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso, Jelenchick, Eickhoff, le Moreno () ha a ka a fumana kamano e teng lipakeng tsa marang-rang a batho ba ikopantseng le khatello ea maikutlo har'a bacha ba 190.

Liphuputso tsa morao tjena li totobalitse setsoalle lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le kotsi ea ho lemalla li-smartphone (; ; ). Ha ho fanoa ka patlisiso e fetileng sebakeng seo le ho haella ha patlisiso mabapi le mefuta ea botho, thuto ena e fuputse tšebeliso ea mathata a smartphone le mabaka a amanang le botho, matšoenyeho le narcissism. Sepheo sa mantlha sa thuto e ne e le ho hlahloba tlatsetso ea narcissism le matšoenyeho ts'ebelisong e thata ea smartphone. Ntle le moo, kamano le lintlha tsa botho le tsona li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Phuputso ena e sebelisitse mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ho bokella lintlha mabapi le lintlha tse ka bang teng kelellong tse amanang le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone ka sepheo sa ho eketsa liphumano tse ncha ho setsi sa lipatlisiso tse nyane empa se ntseng se hola.

mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Kakaretso ea basebelisi ba li-smartphone tsa 871 (e bolelang lilemo = 25.06 lilemo, SD = 8.88) o nkile karolo thutong. Lintlha tse ling li ne li le sieo lipatlisisong ka lebaka la likarabo tse sa fellang. Ka hona, tlhahlobo e fokolang ea lipalo-palo e ile ea etsoa lipotsong tsa lipotso tse 640 tse tlatsitsoeng ka botlalo (73.5%). Lilemo li ne li tloha ho 13 ho isa ho lilemo tse 69 (bolele = lilemo tse 24.89, SD = 8.54) mme ho ne ho na le banna ba 214 (33.4%) le basadi ba 420 (65.6%); batho ba ts'eletseng ha baa fana ka leseli ka bong. Morabe oa sampole o ne o fapane le sampole e nang le White (80.0%), Batsho (2.0%), Maasia (9.3%), Asia Boroa-Bochabela (1.9%), Afrika (1.9%), Maarabia kapa Afrika Leboea (0.5 %), merabe e tsoakaneng / e mengata (3.9%), le tse ling (2.0%). Boholo ba bankakarolo ba ne ba tsoa United Kingdom (86.0%), ba lateloa ke ba tsoang United States (3.3%), Canada (0.5%), Jeremane (0.5%), le United Arab Emirates (0.5%), leha tse ling tse ngata linaha (Turkey, Switzerland, Australia, Greece, Denmark, Sweden le Korea Boroa) li ne li emetsoe har'a sampole. Barupeluoa boholo e ne e le baithuti (68.6%), ba hiriloe (23.6%), ba itšebetsa (3.0%), ba sa sebetseng (4.3%), kapa ba tlohetse mosebetsi (0.5%). Boemo ba lenyalo ba bankakarolo e ne e le masoha (52.5%), ba nyetse (14.6%), kapa kamanong e haufi (32.9%).

Moralo le lisebelisoa

Ho ile ha sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea inthaneteng thutong ena bakeng sa ho bokella data, 'me ea ntlafatsoa ka ts'ebeliso ea Methati software ea tlhahlobo ea inthanete. Phuputso e ne e na le lisebelisoa tse 'ne tsa kelello tse neng li lekola botsoalle pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone le mefuta ea botho. Liletsa tse 'ne li hlahlojoe: sebedisa. Ntle le moo, lipotso tse mabapi le litsobotsi tsa palo ea batho ba nkang karolo, nako ea ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone, ho sheba letsatsi le leng le le leng skrineng sa smartphone, ts'ebeliso e sebelisang smartphone (app), maikutlo mabapi le boits'oaro ba batho ba bang marang-rang, le mathata a bakiloeng ke ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone le tsona li ile tsa bokelloa.

Botho ba Narcissistic. Botho ba Narcissistic bo ile ba hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa 40-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; ). NPI e na le lipapatso tsa 40 tsa lipolelo tsa likarolo tse supileng, 'me karolwana e ngoe le e ngoe e na le mokhoa o tsebahalang oa narcissism. Litšobotsi tse lekiloeng e ne e le bolaoli, ho khotsofala, bophahamo, pontsho, lefeela, tšebeliso e mpe le tokelo. Polelo ka 'ngoe ke ea lekholo A kapa kholomo B. Lipolelo tse tsoang kholomong A hangata li bua ka mokhoa o hlakileng' me li supa ntlha e le 'ngoe, ho etsa mohlala, "Ke kopa ho ba moetapele." Lipolelo tse tsoang kh'orong B ha li bue ka mokhoa o hlakileng kahoo ha li na lintlha. ka mohlala, "Ha ho etse phapang e nyane ho nna hore na ke moetapele kapa che." Batho ba nang le botho ba bong bo totobetseng ba lebelletsoe ho lumellana le likarabo tsa 20 A. Thutong ena, ho tšoana ha NPI ea kahare ho ne ho le molemo (Cronbach's α = .85)

Matšoenyeho a bakoang ke 'muso. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxcare Inventory (STAI) Short-Foromo () e sebelisitsoe ho lekola matšoenyeho a sebopeho sa mmuso. Sekala sena se na le litlaleho tse tšeletseng tse lekantsoeng sethaleng sa 4-point Likert (moo 1 = eseng kaofela, 2 = ka tsela e itseng, 3 = ka boqhetseke, le 4 = haholo). Mehlala ea lintho tsa STAI e bile e latelang: "Ke ikutloa ke khutsitse," "Ke tsitsipane" mme "ke tšoenyehile." Marteau le Bekker () e tlaleha ho ts'epahala le ho nepahala bakeng sa STAI Short-Foromo. Ntle le moo, ha ho bapisoa le mofuta o felletseng oa STAI, mofuta oa lintlha tse tšeletseng o fana ka sekhahla se amohelehang le se amohelehang bakeng sa barupeluoa (). Thutong ena, ho tšoana ha STAI kahare ho ne ho lokile (Cronbach's α = .85).

botho. Litšobotsi tsa botho li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; ), e leng tekanyo e nepahetseng ea litekanyo tsa Big-Five (five-factor model). TIPI e na le lintho tse 10 tse sebelisang sekala sa lintlha tse 7 (ho tloha 1 = ha ke lumellane ka matla ho isa ho 7 = lumela ka matla) le liphallelo tse hlano: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, le Openness. Gosling et al. (Tlaleha hore TIPI e na le maemo a lekaneng ho latela: (a) khokahano e sebelisitsoeng ka mokhoa o pharalletseng mehato e meholo e mehlano ho ea hau, ho shebella le ho fana ka litlaleho tsa lithaka, (b) ho lekola-ho leka ho ts'epahala, (c) mekhoa ea likamano tse boletsoeng esale pele, le ( d) kopano pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa hau le tsa bashebelli. Ts'ebetso ea kahare ea li-subscales e ne e le tse latelang: Extraversion (Cronbach's α = .69), Agreeableness (Cronbach's α = .29), Conscientiousness (Cronbach's α = .56), Emotional Stability (Cronbach's α = .69), le Openness to Liphihlelo (Cronbach's α = .45).

Ts'ebeliso ea mathata a smartphone. Scale ea Smartphone Use Scale e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekola tšebeliso ea mathata a smartphone 'me sekala se fetotsoe linthong tse ho Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) e nts'itsoeng ke Pontes le Griffiths (, ). IGDS9-SF ke sesebelisoa sa psychometric se lekhutšoanyane, se nang le lintlha tse robong se fetotsoeng ho tsoa mehatong e robong e hlalosang Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) ho latela khatiso ea bohlano ea Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello (DSM-5; ). Mehlala e hlophisitsoeng ea lintho tse hlophiloeng e tjena: "Ke tšoarehile ka smartphone ea ka," "Ke sebelisa smartphone ea ka ho baleha kapa ho imolla moea o mobe," "Ke entse liteko tse sa atleheng tsa ho laola tšebeliso ea ka ea li-smartphone," nako ka smartphone ea ka, "" Ke sentse kapa ke lahlehetsoe ke kamano ea bohlokoa, mosebetsi, kapa monyetla oa thuto ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea ka ea smartphone. "Barupeluoa ba ile ba lekanya lintho tsohle ka sekala sa likhetho tsa 5 (moo 1 = ha e lumellane haholo, 2 = ha e lumellane , 3 = ha ho lumellane kapa ho lumellana, 4 = lumellana, 5 = lumellana ka matla). Scores ho IGDS9-SF e tloha 9 ho 45. Mabapi le IGD, Pontes le Griffiths () e boletse hore molemong oa ho etsa lipatlisiso feela, sekala se ka sebelisoa ho khetholla basebelisi ba nang le ts'ebeliso e mpe le basebelisi ba sa senyehang ka ho sheba feela basebelisi ba fumanang 36 e nyane ho 45 ka sekala. Thutong ena, ho tšoana ha IGDS9-SF ho ne ho le phahameng (Cronbach's α = .86).

Tsamaiso

Molaetsa o romelloang marang-rang o memelang basebelisi ba li-smartphone ho nka karolo lipatlisisong o ile oa beoa li-forum tsa li-video tse fapaneng tse tsebahalang, litaba tsa kahisano le liwebsaete tsa lipapali tsa marang-rang (mohlala, mmorpg.com, androidcentral.com, reddit.com, iMore.com, 'me neoseeker.com). Melaetsa e kentsoeng inthaneteng le eona e ile ea romelloa ho akhaonto ea mongoli oa pele ea marang-rang (mohlala, Facebook 'me Twitter). Ntle le moo, baithuti liunivesithing tse peli tse kholo tsa UK ba ile ba tsebisoa hape ke mongoli oa pele ea ileng a etsa liphatlalatso tsa ho hira lipatlisiso qalong ea lipuo mme a ba lebisa ho Twitter ak'haonte le hashtag bakeng sa thuto. Smartphone e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, litaba tsa kahisano le sebaka sa lipapali sa inthanete se ne se na le likarolo tse tšoanang tsa sebopeho (mohlala, litaba tsa morao-rao, tataiso ea thuso, 'mapa oa sebaka sa marang-rang, liforamo, jj. Ho ngolisoa ha batho marang-rang ho ile ha tsebisa bankakarolo bohle ka sepheo sa thuto mme ho ne ho na le sehokelo sa lipatlisiso tsa inthanete. Hang ha barupeluoa ba etetse aterese ea khokahanyo phuputsong eo, ba ile ba fuoa leqephe la leseli la bankakarolo le lateloang ke litaelo tse hlakileng tsa hore na ba ka phethela phuputso joang mme ba netefatsoa hore lintlha tseo ba fanang ka tsona li tla lula li sa tsejoe hape e le lekunutu. Polelo e qhekellang qetellong ea phuputso e ile ea pheta sepheo sa thuto mme ea tsebisa bankakarolo ka tokelo ea bona ea ho ikhula thutong.

Leano la hohlahlela

Taba ea pele, lipalo tse hlalosang mabapi le ts'ebeliso e akaretsang ea li-smartphone li ile tsa baloa. Ka mor'a moo, ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea lingoloa. Qetellong, ho hlakola mabaka a ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone, ho ile ha etsoa lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa khatello ka ts'ebeliso ea mathata a ts'ebeliso ea smartphone joalo ka sephetho se fapaneng. Mefuta e boletsoeng esale pele e ne e le lilemo le narcissism (e kenngoe mohatong oa pele), le ho fetella, tumellano, letsoalo, botsitso ba maikutlo, ho ba le boiphihlelo le lintlha tsa ho tšoenyeha (tse kenngoeng mohatong oa bobeli).

Ethics

Ts'ebetso ea ho ithuta e ile ea etsoa ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki le tataiso ea melaoana ea boitšoaro ea Mokhatlo oa Brithani oa Psychological. Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Univesithi e amohetse thuto eo. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba tsebisoa ka thuto eo mme bohle ba fuoe tumello e nang le tsebo.

Results

Boitšoaro ba mosebelisi oa Smartphone

Nako e tloaelehileng e sebelisitsoeng ho smartphone ka letsatsi e ne e le 190.6 min (SD = 138.6). Barupeluoa ba tlalehile ho etsa lipono tse 39.5 (SD = 33.7) ka karolelano skrineng sa smartphone motšehare. Bili ea karolelano ea khoeli le khoeli ea barupeluoa e ne e le $ 27.50 (SD = 17.2). Ts'ebeliso ea smartphone e sebelisitsoeng ka ho fetisisa har'a bankakarolo e ne e le lits'ebetso tsa marang-rang (49.9%), tse lateloang ke lits'ebetso tsa melaetsa ea hang-hang (35.2%), ebe lits'ebetso tsa mmino (19.1%). Tafole 1 e bonts'a lits'ebetso tsa li-smartphone tse sebelisitsoeng ke bankakarolo.

Tafole 1. 

Sesebelisoa se sebelisoang haholo sa li-smartphone hara barupeluoa (likarabo li bua ka karabo ka sehlopha ka seng sa kopo, barupeluoa ba ka khetha likopo tse fetang e le 'ngoe)

Ts'ebeliso ea mathata a smartphone

Palo e tloaelehileng ea bothata ba li-smartphone har'a barupeluoa e ne e le 21.4 (SD = 6.73). Ho sebelisa litekanyetso tsa tlhophiso tse hlahisitsoeng ke Pontes le Griffiths (), Barupeluoa ba 17 (2.7%) ba ne ba khethiloe e le basebelisi ba li-smartphone ba arohantsoeng. Setšoantšo 1 e bonts'a kabo ea lintlha ho Khatiso e Sebetsang ea Smartphone.

Setšoantšo sa 1. 

Khatiso e sebelisang li-smartphone e nang le bothata (kurtosis = −0.102, skewness = 0.280)

Mathata a sebelisang li-smartphone

Litlhahiso tsa Bivariate li bonts'itse hore ts'ebeliso ea mathata a smartphone e ne e amana hantle le nako e sebelisitsoeng ho smartphone le matšoenyeho, hape e amana hampe le lilemo, letsoalo, botsitso ba maikutlo, le ho buleha. Nako e sebelisitsoeng ho smartphone e ne e amana hantle le bolelele ba beng, narcissism le matšoenyeho, hape li amana hampe le lilemo le botsitso ba maikutlo. Bolelele ba ho ba le beng bo ne bo amana hantle le lilemo (Tafole 2).

Tafole 2. 

Litokellano tsa Pearson lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea bothata ba li-smartphone le mefuta e meng (n = 640)

Bahatisi ba tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone

Litaba tsa Collinearity li ile tsa hlahlojoa li sebelisa boleng ba inflation factor (VIF), tseo kaofela li neng li le ka tlase ho 10 (average VIF = 1.33) le lipalo tsa mamello, tseo kaofela li neng li le kaholimo ho 0.2. Sena se bonts'a hore multicollinearity e ne e se taba e tšoenyang. U sebelisa mokhoa oa ho kenya bakeng sa regression e mengata, ho fumanoe hore maemo a boletsoeng esale pele a hlalosa phapang e kholo mabapi le tšebeliso ea mathata a smartphone [bakeng sa Mohato 1, R2 = .05, le ho fetaR2 = .10, F(2, 637) = 17.39, p <.001; mohato 2, F(8, 631) = 11.85, p <.001]. Tlhatlhobo e bonts'itse hore kamora ho ikamahanya le lilemo le narcissism, letsoalo, botsitso ba maikutlo, le pepeneneng ho boletsoe esale pele hampe ka tšebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone (Tafole 3), ka mantsoe a mang, batho ba ipatileng ka ho buleha, botsitso ba maikutlo, le letsoalo ba ne ba fokotsoa ke tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone.

Tafole 3. 

Mohlala oa batho ba bolelang tšebeliso ea bothata ba tšebeliso ea smartphone (n = 640)

Puisano

Phuputso ena e hlahlobile tšebeliso e thata ea li-smartphone le lintho tse ka bang teng tse amanang le tsona. Liphuputso li bonts'itse nako e sebelisitsoeng ho smartphone, letsoalo, botsitso ba maikutlo, ho buleha le lilemo e ne e le tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa ts'ebeliso e thata ea li-smartphone. Ka likhakanyo tse mpe, liphuputso li bonts'itse hore ts'ebeliso e thata ea li-smartphone e ne e boletsoe esale pele ka letsoalo le tlase, ho buleha ka mokhoa o tlase, ho ba le botsitso maikutlong le ho ba lilemong tsa bocha. Mabapi le botsitso ba maikutlo, liphetho li ts'oana le liphuputso tsa Ha et al. () ea tlalehileng hore basebelisi ba li-smartphone ba feteletseng ba ile ba fumana matšoao a ho tepella maikutlo haholoanyane, mathata a phahametseng maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha ho hoholo pakeng tsa motho, le boitšepo bo tlase. Liphetho tsa boithuto bona li fana ka maikutlo a hore nako e eketsehileng e sebelisoang ho sebelisa li-smartphone e ka lebisa tšebeliso ea mathata. Liphetho tsena li tšehetsa liphetho tsa lithuto tse fetileng, tse fumanoeng hore nako e eketsehileng ho li-smartphone e ne e amana le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa smartphone (mohlala, ; ). Nako ea lilemo e ne e le ponelopele e mpe ea tšebeliso ea mathata, 'me e ts'ehetsa lipatlisiso tsa pejana tse tlalehang ts'ebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone har'a disampuli tsa batho ba baholo ba baholo (mohlala, ; ; ; ; ; ; ). Mohlomong bacha ba ikemiselitse ho leka theknoloji e ncha, kahoo ba tloaetse ho sebelisa mathata habonolo.

Hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela hore batho ba boletseng esale pele ka letsoalo le botsitso ba maikutlo e ne e le baphethahatsi ba bohlokoa ba ts'ebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone. Letsoalo le tsebahala ka tlhophiso, boikarabello le ho its'epahalla (), mme thuto ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le letsoalo le fokolang, ba kotsing e kholo ea ho bontša boits'oaro bo bobe. Khokahano ea maikutlo e khetholloa ka ho ba le botsitso le maikutlo.), mme thutong ena, ho ba le botsitso maikutlong ho ne ho amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo botle ba smartphone. Ho fumana sena ho ts'ehetsa liphetho tsa Augner le Hacker () ea tlalehileng hore botsitso bo tlase ba maikutlo bo amana le ts'ebeliso e thata ea li-smartphone. Sena se ka tšoenyeha hobane batho ba nang le ho fetoha ha maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho teneha le ho hlonama ba na le monyetla oa ho ba le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone. Ho se tsitse maikutlong (ke hore, neurotic) ho amahanngoa le mathata a mangata a bophelo bo botle a kang anorexia le bulimia (le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (). Kahoo, leha liphumano tse hlahisitsoeng mona li amana hantle, likamano tsena li ka amana 'me li hloka hore ho etsoe lipatlisiso tse ling tse matla.

Liphallelo tsa bivariate li bonts'itse likamano tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa mefuta e mengata le tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone. Mohlala, nako e sebelisitsoeng ho sebelisoa ha smartphone e ne e amana haholo le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone mme e ts'oana le liphumano tse fetileng tsa lipatlisiso (mohlala, ; Thomee et al., 2011). Matšoenyeho a ne a amana hantle le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone e ts'ehetsang lipatlisiso tse fetileng tse fumaneng hore matšoenyeho a amahanngoa le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone (ke hore, ). Seo ba se fumaneng se fana ka maikutlo a hore ha matšoenyeho a ntse a eketseha, tšebeliso ea mathata a smartphone le eona ea eketseha. Mokhoa oa ho pepeseha litšobotsing o ne o amana hampe le tšebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone. Seo ba se fumaneng se fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba sa ts'oaneleng mokhoa ona ba na le menyetla ea ho sebelisoa ke mathata a li-smartphone. Ho ba le letsoalo, botsitso ba maikutlo, le lilemo li ne li amana hampe le tšebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone (joalo ka ha ho tšohliloe ka holimo).

Nako e sebelisitsoeng ho sebelisoa smartphone e ne e amana hantle le bolelele ba ho ba mong, narcissism le matšoenyeho, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho eketsa nako ho smartphone ho ka lebisa ho litšobotsi le matšoenyeho. Liphuputso tsena li ne li ts'oana le lipatlisiso tsa pejana tsa Lepp et al. () ea tlalehileng kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e matla ea li-smartphone le matšoenyeho a phahameng, le ea Andreassen et al. () ea bontšitseng kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba le narcissism. Liphuputso li boetse li lumellana le lipatlisiso tsa Jenaro et al. () ea tlalehileng litloaelano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso e phahameng ea smartphone le matšoenyeho a phahameng.

Ho fapana le lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng tse bonts'itseng likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea ts'ebeliso ea smartphone (; ; ),, thutong ena, ho feto-fetoha le ho feteletseng ho ne ho sa amane le tšebeliso ea mathata. Boithuto bona bo boetse ha bo fumane kamano pakeng tsa narcissism le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone ho fapana le lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng (mohlala, ). Lebaka e ka ba hobane sampole ea lipatlisiso e ne e na le batho ba fokolang ba semelo sa boruti kapa ba ne ba sa susumetsoa ho sebelisa li-smartphones molemong oa narcissistic.

Liphetho tsa phuputso ena li bontšitse hore ts'ebeliso ea SNS e ne e le ts'ebeliso e tummeng har'a bankakarolo mme nako e tloaelehileng e sebelisitsoeng letsatsi le letsatsi ho smartphone e ne e le 190 min. Haeba boholo ba nako ena bo sebelisoa ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tsa SNS joale sena se ka lebisa ts'ebelisong e fetelletseng joalo ka ha ho hlakisitsoe ke lipatlisiso tsa pejana (mohlala, ; ). Lithuto tsena li totobalitse setsoalle pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea SNS, lipapali le boithabiso, le hore na li amana joang le tšebeliso ea mathata. Bokhoni ba ho fihlella mefuta e fapaneng ea boithabiso (joalo ka lipapali, 'mino le livideo) ka ts'ebeliso ea li-SNS e kanna ea ba lebaka le etsang hore marang-rang a marang-rang e ratoe haholo (). E 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone ke litaba tsa litaba le likarolo tsa puisano. Melaetsa ea hanghang, li-SNS, ho ea mabenkeleng, litaba, mmino, le lits'ebetso tsa ho arolelana litšoantšo le livideo li ne li ratoa har'a barupeluoa thutong ena. Liphumano tsena li tšehetsa tšebeliso le mokhoa oa ho khotsofatsa (), e fanang ka maikutlo a hore batho ba sebelisa li-smartphone ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tse fapaneng. Li-smartphone li na le moputso o tsoang hobane li fana ka phihlello ea kapele ho batho ba bang mme li fana ka lits'ebetso tsa mehala. Li fana ka moputso o motle hobane li fa basebelisi monyetla oa ho iketsetsa sebopeho sa sesebelisoa (). Lisebelisoa tsohle tse tummeng tse sebelisoang har'a barupeluoa li fana ka meputso / melaetsa e phahameng e atisang ho shebella li-smartphones (thutong ena, litekanyo tse tloaelehileng tsa smartphone e ne e le li-glances tsa 39.5 ka letsatsi) kahoo li ka eketsa tšebeliso e feteletseng.

Liphetho tsa boithuto bona li kenya letsoho motheong oa lipatlisiso tse matla tse shebileng ts'ebetso ea mathata a li-smartphones. Ts'ebeliso e ngata ea li-smartphones e ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba kelello ho kenyeletsa khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo e sa foleng () le mohopolo o eketsehileng oa ho ipolaea (). Patlisiso e ts'ehetsa kamano e lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le ho romellana melaetsa ka ho feteletseng, marang-rang a batho ba bang, lipapali, ho romella melaetsa ka marang-rang le ho shebella livideo, tseo kaofela li ka fihlelisoang ka smartphone (; ). Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e kanna ea hloka ho nahana ka tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea mohala le litloaelano le lintlha tse amehang joalo ka tikoloho ea lapeng le ea sekolo, le lintlha ka bo mong tse kang bophelo ba kelello le mathata a boits'oaro. Ho utloisisa likarolo tsa tšebeliso ea li-smartphones tse ngata ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso.

Le ha monehelo oa thuto ena e le lipale ebile e le oa bohlokoa, ho na le meeli e mengata e lokelang ho nahanoa. Boholo ba mohlala e ne e le baithuti ba ikhethileng ba tsoang UK. Ha baithuti ba ntse ba sebelisa li-smartphone ba mahlahahlaha ka lisebelisoa tse etsang karolo ea bohlokoa ea boitsebahatso ba moloko ona (), bokhoni ba ho akaretsa liphetho ka hona bo haelloa. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e lokela ho etsa lipatlisiso ka tšebeliso e nang le mathata ea li-samples tsa li-sampole tsa baithuti le bao e seng baithuti ba tsoang libakeng tse fapaneng tsa libaka le ho feta lilemo tse fapaneng tse fapaneng ba sebelisa disampole tse emelang naha. Mekhoa ea ho itlaleha e sebelisitsoeng e kanna ea lebisa ho tlalehiloeng ka mokhoa o fosahetseng oa tšebeliso ea smartphone ea nnete. Andrews, Ellis, Shaw le Piwek () ba fumane hore ha ho tluoa boitekong, hangata barupeluoa ba ne ba nyenyefatsa ts'ebeliso ea bona ea sebele ea smartphone. Sena se hlahisa lipotso mabapi le ho tšepahala le ho nepahala ha data e bokelletsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, litaba tsena li ama mefuta eohle ea lipatlisiso tsa ho itlaleha (). Boholo ba lithuto tsa li-smartphone, joalo ka phuputso ena, li ngata, li na le likarolo tse ngata ebile li rata ho fetolela lisebelisoa tse ling tsa psychometric ho lekola tšebeliso ea li-smartphone. Scale e sebelisang bothata ba Smartphone hajoale e ntse e netefatsoa, ​​leha ho le joalo, le maemo a eona a lekanang a ne a le hantle thutong ena. Likarolo tse ka hare tsa tse ling tsa litšobotsi tsa botho li ne li le tlase tse hlahisang litaba tsa ts'epahalo malebana le litšobotsi tsena tsa botho. Leha ho le joalo, tsena li ne li sebelisetsoa bosholu ba tsona le ho hlola moferefere oa tlhahlobo. Ho hlokahala lithuto tse ling hape ho netefatsa bonnete ba lisebelisoa tse joalo mme mohlomong u sebelise lisebelisoa tse matla le tse telele mahlaleng lipatlisisong tsa nako e tlang. Leha ho na le meeli ena, liphetho tsa phuputso ena li bonts'a hore tšebeliso ea li-smartphone e nang le mathata e amana le lintlha tse fapaneng tsa botho mme e kenya letsoho ho kutlwisiseng kelello ea boitšoaro ba li-smartphone le mekhatlo ka tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea li-smartphones.

Tlhaloso ea lithuso

Mehloli ea lichelete: Ha ho thuso ea lichelete e fumanoeng bakeng sa thuto ena.

Menehelo ea bangoli

Mohopolo oa boithuto le moralo: ZH le DS; ho sekaseka le ho toloka data: ZH, MDG, le DS; phihlello ea data: ZH, DS, le MDG. Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho ho ngoloa ha pampiri. Bangoli bohle ba ne ba na le phihlello e felletseng ea tlhaiso-leseling eohle thutong eo mme ba nka boikarabello bakeng sa botshepehi ba data le ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea data.

Khohlano ea thahasello

Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa thahasello.

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