Tlhaloso mabapi le: Pampiri ea lipuisano e bulehileng ea Scholars mabapi le tlhahiso ea World Health Organisation ICD-11 Gaming Disorder (Aarseth et al.)
Kai W. MüllerTlhahisoleseling e amanang
1Setsi sa kalafo sa kokelo ea bana ba boitšoaro, Lefapha la Phekolo ea Psychosomatic le Psychotherapy, Setsi sa Bongaka sa Medical Mainz, Mainz, Germany
* Sengoli se lumellanang: Dr. Kai W. Müller; Clinic ea kokelo ea bana ba boitšoaro bo bobe, Lefapha la Phekolo ea Psychosomatic le Psychotherapy, Setsi sa Bongaka sa Medical Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz 55131, Jeremane; Fono: + 49 (0) 6131 3925764; Fekse: + 49 (0) 6131 3922750; Lengolo-tsoibila: muellka@uni-mainz.
Klaus WölflingTlhahisoleseling e amanang
1Setsi sa kalafo sa kokelo ea bana ba boitšoaro, Lefapha la Phekolo ea Psychosomatic le Psychotherapy, Setsi sa Bongaka sa Medical Mainz, Mainz, Germany
inahaneloang
Kenyelletso e kenyelletsoeng ea boloetse ba lipapali ba inthanete (IGD) ho ICD-11 e tlang e bakile liphetoho tse fapaneng. Ho ba le moralo o utloahalang oa tlhahlobo ea ho hlalosa ketsahalo ena e ncha ho 'nile ha thoholetsoa empa matšoenyeho a phahame mabapi le ho fetelletsa taba ea mosebetsi oa boithabiso. Tlhahlobo ke Aarseth et al. (2016) e fana ka mohopolo o motle empa o le lehlakoreng le le leng ho IGD. Se siiloeng kantle ho phehisano ke pono ea bongaka. Le ha lipelaelo tse bonts'itsoeng li sa lokela ho hlokomolohuoa, sephetho se fanoeng ke bangoli se bonts'a likhopolo-taba tse ikhethileng ha boikemisetso bo ka ba bohlokoa.
Boitšoaro bo itseng boo hangata bo reretsoeng ho ba karolo e bonolo kapa e bileng e thabisang ea maphelo a rona, bo ka thatafalletsa bophelo. Ha u hetla morao nalaneng u senola hore lintho tse ling tse ngata (mohlala, thobalano, lipapali le papali ea chelete) kapa tse tlase (mohlala, mosebetsi) tse khahlisang tlasa maemo a itseng li ka tsoa taolong, tsa baka tšusumetso e mpe bophelong ba motho. Le ha - ho fapana le linako tse fetileng - matsatsing ana, ha ho pelaelo hore ho sebelisoa ha lintho tse sebelisang kelello ho ka lebisa ho matšoao a mmele le a kelello a bokhoba, mohopolo oa ho lemalla boitšoaro e ntse e le taba ea ngangisano.
Ha DSM-5 e lokolloa (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho khomarela mohopolo o pharaletseng oa ho lemalla. Joalo ka ha e le lefu la pele le sa amaneng le lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi, bothata ba papali ea chelete bo ile ba kena khaolong ea "Mathata a amanang le boloi le tlhekefetso" le lipapali tsa papali ea inthanete (IGD) li kenyellelitsoe joalo ka tlhahlobo ea pele ho Karolo ea 3. Haholo-holo, ho kenyeletsoa ha IGD ho bakile lipuisano tse futhumetseng har'a litsebi tse tsoang masimong a fapaneng - puisano e ts'oanang le e latelang ho lokolloa ha DSM-III le ICD-10 ho 1980, ha ts'ebeliso ea papali ea methapo ea methapo e ne e hlalosoa e le lefu le lecha la kelello (mohlala. , McGarry, 1983; Lekhotla la Naha la Lipatlisiso, 1999; bakeng sa lintlha tsa nts'etsopele ea nalane Wilson, 1993).
Tlatsetso ea sehlopha se pota-potileng Aarseth et al. (2016) ke mohlala o motle bakeng sa 2017-mofuta oa lipuisano ho tsoa li80. Hape ke mohlala o motle bakeng sa bafuputsi ba maqakabetsi, lingaka, batsoali, libapali tse chesehang, esita le bakuli ba nang le matšoao a IGD ba ntse ba le matsatsing ana. Eseng ka lekhetlo la pele le kileng la tsosa potso ea hore na ho hula mola ho khetholla ka nepo lipakeng tsa boits'oaro bo tloaelehileng boo e leng karolo ea mokhoa oa bophelo ba sejoale-joale le litloaelo tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso tse ka lebisang ho matšoao a psychopathological le mahlomola.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Aarseth et al. (2016) Hlahisa likhang tse ling tse ntle 'me ba fana ka mabaka a utloahalang mabapi le ho rarahana ha mofuta oa IGD. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likarolo tse ling tse bontšitsoeng li tlameha ho bonoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng 'me li utloisoe bohloko ke litlhaloso tse fosahetseng tsa taba ena. Bofokoli ba bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa mabapi le ho se lebale boemo ba batho ba nang le IGD. Moelelong oo, monehelo oa Aarseth et al. (2016) e nka pono ea borutehi e hole haholo le nnete ea bongaka. Kahoo, e hopotsa saense ea manaka a manaka a tlou e ka ts'oaroang.
Ho hakanngoa hore lipatlisiso tse tebileng tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa IGD le inthanete ka kakaretso li qalile lilemo tse ka bang 10 tse fetileng. Kahoo, Aarseth et al. (2016) ba nepile ha ba bua ka likhokahano tse 'maloa tse sa hlokeng kutloisiso ea rona ea IGD. Ho joalo, litsebi tse fapaneng li batlile phuputso e hlophisehileng haholoanyane le ho feta mabapi le taba eo (mohlala, Griffiths et al., 2016). Ha re ntse re na le tlhaiso-leseling e ngata ho tsoa lipatlisisong tsa lefu la seoa tse ipapisitseng le lipotso tsa lipotso, lipatlisiso tsa bongaka li ntse li sa hlahisoe. Ha re ntse re na le tlhaiso-leseling e ngata ho tsoa lipatlisisong tsa likarolo tse fapaneng, lipatlisiso tse lebelletsoeng ha li eo kapa li na le mathata a mokhoa. Kahoo, tlhoko ea ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea rona ea hlaka. Leha ho le joalo, Aarseth et al. (2016) ba le maemo a fapaneng mona. Leha ba re boleng ba lipatlisiso mabapi le IGD bo hloka ho ntlafatsoa le ho feta, ba re ho kenyelletsoa ha tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ho ka lebisa ho "litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa lipatlisiso, bophelo bo botle le sebaka sa sechaba." Ho latela tlhahiso ena ho ka lebisa ho kholo ea tsebo ea rona ho IGD. Ntle le poleloana ea "ho senya lisebelisoa," e sa sebetseng hantle ha e bua ka lipatlisiso tse reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle, ho thata ho fumana ntlha ea khang eo.
Ho feta moo, bangoli ba bua ka ho hloka toka ho pakeng tsa lithuto tse atileng haholo le bakuli ba kenang ts'ebetsong ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ["lipalo-palo tse tlalehiloeng tsa bakuli ha se kamehla li tsamaellanang le 'nete ea bakuli, moo ho leng thata ho fumana bakuli (Van Rooij, Schoenmakers, & van de Mheen, 2017) ”]. Hape, motho o lokela ho botsa, na phoso ee ke karolo e itseng ea IGD? Hape motho o tla re, che, ha ho joalo! Ha re sheba lithuto tsa batho ba bangata ka boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho lemalla, joalo ka ho lemalla joala kapa bothata ba papali ea chelete, ho ruta hore palo ea bakuli ba fumanehang sechabeng e feta palo ea bakuli ba batlang kalafo.Bischof et al., 2012; Slutske, 2016). Mabaka a lekhalo leo a fapane haholo mme a kenyelletsa lintlha tse tobileng tsa tšusumetso ea litšila le likarolo tsa sebopeho sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle (bona Rockloff & Schofield, 2004; Suurvali, Cordingley, Hodgins, le Cunningham, 2009). Na maemo aa a bolela hore re tlameha ho nahanisisa ka bohlokoa ba teko ea ho lemalla joala kapa bothata ba papali ea chelete kapa esita le ho ba tlosa ho ICD?
Joalokaha bohle re tseba, IGD ha e e-so tsejoe e le bokuli ba kelello. Ka litokollo tse fokolang linaheng tse ling tsa Asia, litsi tsa kokelo tsa bongaka tsa Europe le tse sa sebetseng ha li fane ka mananeo a tobileng a bakuli ba IGD khafetsa. Ehlile, lingaka tse ngata ha li tsebe hore IGD e teng 'me ka lebaka leo ha e hlahlobe mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea IGD har'a bakuli. Haeba ho na le libaka tse fokolang feela moo bakuli ba nang le IGD ba ka phekoloang ka ho loketseng, ha ho makatse hore bakuli bana ba ka se fumanehe habonolo.
Liphetho tse fapaneng tsa matla a tsoang lefats'eng ka bophara li bonts'a ka mokhoa o tsotehang hore ha re e-so fihle sethaleng, moo ho ntseng ho etsoa lipatlisiso tse ngata tse tlisoang ke mekhoa e khothalletsoang ke khopolo. Re na le liphetho tse ngata tse ngata tse ikemiselitseng ho ikemisetsa ho etsa lipatlisiso tse fumanehang.
Ka ho bua ka ngangisano ea hajoale mabapi le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea IGD, bangoli ba senola ka tokelo ea hore tumellano e pharaletseng ha e e-so fihlellehe (bona hape Griffiths et al., 2016; Kuss, Griffiths, & Pontes, 2016; Müller, 2017). Empa hape, sena se hatisa feela tlhoko ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tse matlafatsang lefapheng lena. Ha ho bolele letho ho qala ho iphapanyetsa boemo ba IGD kapa ho tlohela ho bo hlalosa e le bokuli ba kelello.
Ka tsela, ha rea lokela ho lebala hore pampiring ea Griffiths et al. (2016), bangoli bao ho buuoang ka bona ho amana haholo le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e khothalelitsoeng ho IGD. Ha e na lipelaelo tse tebileng mabapi le taba ea hore IGD ke taba ea bophelo bo botle empa e beha potso ea hore "tumellano ea machaba" e fihletsoe ka tlhahiso ea mekhoa e robong ea tlhahlobo.
Ho phethela, ka ho bua ka lipelaelo tse sa tsitsang tsa bafuputsi le - mohlomong le tsa bohlokoa le ho feta - lingaka, Aarseth et al. (2016) otla ntlha ea bohlokoa. Ke ka lebaka leo re hlileng re hlokang mekhoa e tšepahalang ea ho hlahloba IGD, bakeng sa ho fana ka litlhaloso tse hlakileng tsa litekanyetso tseo ho thusa litsebi (tsa bongaka) tšimong ho beha tlhahlobo e tšepahalang. - Potso ea bohlanya - sebaka se nepahetseng sa litekanyetso tse joalo tsa tlhahlobo se hokae? Sebaka se loketseng e ka ba ICD-11.
Har'a khang ea bona ea boraro, bangoli ba bua ka lipalo tse phahameng tsa mathata a comorbid har'a bakuli ba IGD. Ha ho na khoao ea hore IGD khafetsa e tsamaea le mathata a mang a kelello. Leha ho le joalo, le ha mekhatlo ena e tlalehiloe khafetsa, re hole le ho tseba sesosa sa mekhatlo ena. Clinical psychology le psychiatry e re rutile hore bothata bo le bong ba kelello bo eketsa menyetla ea ho ba le matšoao a mang a kelello esita le lefu la bobeli la kelello. Habohlokoa le ho feta ke hore litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mathata a comorbid le tsona li teng mathateng a mang a bokhoba ba tahi, mohlala, ho lemalla joala le bothata ba papali ea chelete (mohlala Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005; Regier et al., 1990). Sena ha se bolele hore boteng ba mathata a comorbid ka bohona ke litlhaloso tse ntle bakeng sa boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba tlhatlhobo. Leha ho le joalo, e totobatsa taba ea hore re tlameha ho sebelisa mehato ea ho hlahloba hantle, ha re hlahloba IGD maemong a kalafo.
Tse ling tsa mabaka a fanoeng karolong ea pele ea monehelo li ka arolelanoa ho isa bohōleng bo itseng. Leha ho le joalo, liqeto tse hlahisitsoeng ke bangoli karolong ea bobeli ea litlhahlobo tsa bona ke taba e tebileng eo ho amehiloeng ka eona.
Ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le "ho sibolla meeli ea tloaelo e bapisoang le ea li-pathological" ke ntlha ea bohlokoa eo ntle ho pelaelo re lokelang ho e ela hloko ka botlalo. Re tla hlokomela hore ho ntse ho na le matšoao a mangata a lipotso a setseng liphuputsong mabapi le IGD 'me tsena ha lia lokela ho lebaloa. Mehopolo e meng e hloka ho hlahlojoa - ena ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea boithuto bo botle ba saense. Leha ho le joalo, ho pheha khang ea hore ho ba le sebopeho se hlakileng sa tlhahlobo ea IGD - joalo ka DSM-5 - e tla leka sechaba sa mahlale hore se "emise ho etsa lipatlisiso tse hlokahalang" hore se tla bitsoa boemo ba ho iketelletsa pele. Khopolo ena e bolela hore bangoli ba inka e le bona feela basireletsi ba boithuto bo botle ba saense. Ntle le monyetla oa hore ho na le bafuputsi ba bang ba nang le bokhoni ka ntle mono, bangoli ba lokela ho sheba hape ka DSM-5. Joalokaha re ka bona moo, IGD e kentsoe Karolong ea 3 mme e hlalositsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng e le "boemo ba ho tsoela pele ho ithuta" (APA, 2013)!
Ka bomalimabe, khang e fokolang ka ho fetisisa e fanoa qetellong ea pampiri. Ka ho re "Boholo ba libapali bo tla angoa ke sekhobo ebile mohlomong le liphetoho lipolitiking," ho tla totobala hore bangoli ba lebala ka DSM-5 le ICD-11 e etselitsoe bakuli. Ka lehlohonolo, ho na le batho ba bangata ba nang le ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea lipapali tsa khomphutha ho feta bakuli ba nang le IGD. Leha ho le joalo, ba hlokang thuso ha baa lokela ho khathatsoa ke ho fumana thuso - ka tšepo, ena ke ntlha eo bangoli ba ka lumellanang le eona. Ntho e 'ngoe e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho ba maemong a ho fumana thuso ea kalafo ke ho ba le tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea bongaka eo ngaka e ka e tšepang - mme joale re, re tlohetse qhobosheane ea manaka a tlou ea mahlale mme re utloisisa hore' nete ea tliliniki e hloka ho ba le tlhahlobo ea ICD ea IGD. Kahoo, ho fihlela qeto ea hore, ho fapana le ho tšaba "tšabo ea boitšoaro," re tlameha ho tseba ka menyetla ea kalafo eo tlhahlobo ea ICD e ka fanang ka eona.
Bangoli ka bobeli ba ne ba kenya letsoho ka mokhoa o ts'oanang mangolong o ngotsoeng.
Ha ho letho.
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