Ketsahalo ea boko le takatso ea papali ea papali ea video ea Inthanete (2011)

Han DH, Bolo N, Daniels MA, Arenella L, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF.

Compr Psychiatry. 2011 Jan-Feb;52(1):88-95.

mohloli o moholo

Lefapha la Psychiatry, Univesithi ea Chung Ang, K'holejeng ea Bongaka, Seoul 104-757, Korea Boroa.

inahaneloang

MORERO:

Phuputso ea morao tjena e bontšitse hore takatso ea ho potoloha ha boko ho tsamaeang le takatso ea lipapali bakeng sa lipapali tsa video e ts'oana le e hlahisoang ke likeletso tse amanang le lithethefatsi le joala. Re khothalelitse takatso ea hore lipapali tsa video tsa Inthanete nakong ea papiso ea cue li ka kenya tšebetsong likarolo tse tšoanang tsa boko ho tse amanang le ho lakatsa lithethefatsi kapa ho becha.

LITLHAHISO:

Phuputso ena e ne e kenyelletsa ho fumana litšoantšo tsa maiketsetso tsa matla a khoheli le tlhaiso-leseling e sebetsang ea ho etsa litšoantšo ka matla a khoheli ho tsoa ho batho ba baholo ba banna ba 19 ba phetseng hantle (lilemo, lilemo tse 18-23) kamora koetliso le nako e lekantsoeng ea matsatsi a 10 ea papali ea papali le papali ea video e boletsoeng inthaneteng, " Lefika la Ntoa ”(K2 Network, Irvine, CA). Ho sebelisa likarolo tsa theipi ea video e nang le likarolo tse 5 tse kopaneng tsa metsotsoana e 90 ea phomolo e feto-fetohang, taolo e ts'oanang, le lipapali tse amanang le papali ea video, takatso ea ho bapala papali e ile ea lekoa ho sebelisoa sekala sa pono sa analogue sa lintlha tse 7 pele le kamora ho hlahisoa ha theipi ea video.

LIKOTSO:

Ho arabela tšusumetso ea papali ea video ea inthanete, ha e bapisoa le tšusumetso ea taolo ea ho se nke lehlakore, ho ile ha fumanoa tšebetso e kholo haholo ho leqeleng le ka tlase le ka pele le letšehali, ho tloha ho parahippocampal gyrus, ho le letona le ho le letšehali la parietal lobe, thalamus ea ho le letona le le letšehali, le cerebellum e nepahetseng (sekhahla sa ho sibolla leshano <0.05, EA-P <.009243). Takatso e itlalehileng e ne e hokahane hantle le litekanyetso tsa of tsa gyrus e ka tlase e ka lehlakoreng le letšehali, gyrus ea parahippocampal, le thalamus ea le letona le le letšehali. Ha ho bapisoa le libapali tse akaretsang, bafo ba neng ba bapala papali ea video ea inthanete ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo haholo ho lobe e ka pele e ka pele, le letona le letšehali la precentral gyrus, gyrus ea parietal postcentral e nepahetseng, gyrus ea parahippocampal le letona la parietal precuneus gyrus. Ho laola nako eohle ea papali, ho tlalehiloe takatso ea papali ea video ea inthanete ho bafo ba bapalang papali ea video ea inthanete e ne e hokahantsoe hantle le ts'ebetso ea lobe e ka pele e bohareng le gyrus e nepahetseng ea parahippocampal.

TŠOHLOOHO:

Se fumanoeng hajoale se bonts'a hore ts'usumetso e matla ea ts'usumetso ea papali ea video ea marang-rang e kanna ea ts'oana le e bonoang nakong ea papiso ea cue ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi kapa ba bechang. Haholo-holo, mekhotla e bonahala e le ntho e tloahelehileng haholo ho dorsolateral pele, orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, le thalamus.

Selelekela

Ka keketseho e potlakileng ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, mohopolo oa ho lemalla marang-rang e le tlhahlobo e ncha kahare ho lefapha la mathata a ts'ebetsong o ntse o tsoela pele ho ba taba ea ngangisano e kholo. Ho fihla joale, bokhoba ba marang-rang, bo ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le ho ikemela, bo hlalositsoe e le ho se khonehe ha batho ho laola ts'ebeliso ea bona ea marang-rang, ho bakang khatello ea maikutlo le ts'enyehelo e sebetsang maemong a mahlano: thuto, sechaba, mosebetsi, nts'etsopele, le boits'oaro [1-3]. Ntle le moo, khatello ea maikutlo e kholo, mathata a ho tšoenyeha, ADHD, le schizophrenia li nkuoe e le mafu a kelello a comorbid [1]. Maemong a tebileng, papali ea video e bapalang ea inthanete e lebisang lefung e tlalehiloe Korea ka bobeli [4] le United States [5].
Ho 'nile ha etsoa lipatlisiso tse ngata ho matlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea liphetoho tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, joala le tahi. Kalivas le Volkow [6] e kgutsufalitse li-circuits tsa ho lemalla e le li-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), thalamus, amygdala le hippocampus. Ntle le moo, dopamine e nkuoa e le mokena-lipakeng oa bohlokoa khokahanong ea tlhekefetso e ka tlasa tlhekefetso. Bongata ba lithethefatsi, hammoho le joala, li etsa hore ho be le keketseho e kholo le e potlakileng ea dopamine bokong ba li-nucleus, boo ka lehlakoreng le leng bo amanang le euphoria le ho lakatsa [7, 8].
 
Ho lakatsa lithethefatsi ho hlalosoa e le "takatso e phahameng ea litlamorao tsa ntho e 'ngoe e amanang le kelello"9]. Takatso ena e ka qobelloa le ho eketsoa ho arabela likarolong tse ka hare kapa kantle. Ho lakatsa ho ka aroloa likarolo tse peli. Sebaka sa pele sa litakatso se amana le maemo a tikoloho a joalo ka tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa litlamorao tse tlisoang ke cue ha sebaka sa bobeli se bonts'oa ke boemo ba ho tlohela ntho e 'ngoe le bo bong kamora ho khaotsa ho matla [9]. Mabapi le ho pepesetsoa ho pepesoa ha cue, liphuputso tsa morao-rao tse entsoeng ka neano li bontšitse hore ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ho DLPFC, OFC, thalamus, amygdala, le hippocampus e amana le ho lakatsa (Lethathamo 1). Holckford et al [10] e tlaleha ho ikarola ho molatsoana oa ts'ebetso ea pono, ka sebapali se sebetsang ka pele, sa parahippocampal le occipital cortex, sa basomi ba methapo ea methapo ho arabela moferefereng oa mofuta oa cue. Ha a arabela lithahasello tsa lithethefatsi, ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ho DLPFC le OFC e se e tlalehiloe ho bakuli ba nang le joala, cocaine, nikotini kapa ba lemaletseng papali ea Inthanete [11-16]. Kamora ho nwa joala bo bonyenyane, "cortex" e ka pele ea dorsolateral preortal cortex le anterior thalamus ho bakuli ba lemaletseng joala ba ts'ebetsong ha ba ntse ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa joala, ha li bapisoa le taolo ea ho taha ea sechaba.12Ho kenyelletsa moo, Wrase et al [16] e tlaleha hore basal ganglia le gorus ea orbitofrontal ho lino tse tahang li entsoe ka mokhoa o arabang litšoantšo tsa joala. Filbey et al [11] e tlaleha hore tlhahiso ea litatso tsa tatso ea joala e ka kenya tšebetsong likarolo tsa boko tse kang preortalal cortex, striatum, sebaka sa ho kenella ka mokokotlo le sebaka sa boroko ho bakuli ba itšetlehileng ka joala. Nakong ea tlhahiso ea maiketsetso a audiovisual a nang le sebaka se amanang le cocaine ho lihlooho tse tšeletseng tse nang le nalane ea tšebeliso ea koae, cingrate ea ka ntle le ka lehlakoreng le letšehali e ile ea kenngoa tšebetsong [dorsolateral preortal preortal cortex]14]. Ho pepesetsoa mekhoa ea ho tsuba koae ho bakile ts'ebetso ea "striatum", amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, medial thalamus, 'me a tlohela ho tsuba ho batho ba tsubang, ha ho bapisoa le tšusumetso e sa tsubeng [17]. Ha re araba litšoantšo tse amanang le heroin, bakuli ba itšetlehileng ka opioid, empa ba sa laoloe ke lithuto, ba bontšitse keketseho mosebetsing oa hippocampus [18]. Ha a arabela lipapisong tsa papali ea lipapali, cortex e nepahetseng ea orbitofrontal, li-nucleus tse bokellaneng tse kahare, cingate ea pelo ea pele le cortex ea methapo, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, le li-nucleus tse nepahetseng tsa caudate li ile tsa kenngoa lithuto tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea 10, ha li bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo se phetseng hantle [13]. Nakong ea tlhahiso ea video e amanang le papali ea chelete, lithuto tsa papali ea papali ea methapo ea methapo li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo sebakeng se nepahetseng sa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), gyri e tlase le ea moriana, gypus e nepahetseng ea parahippocampal, le letsoho le letšehali la occipital, ha e bapisoa le lihlooho tsa taolo [10].
 
Lethathamo 1
Lethathamo 1     

 

 

 

Cue o ile a etsa litakatso le likelello tsa boko ho bakuli ba nang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le ho becha ka methapo.
 
 
Re ipapisitse le litlaleho tsa pejana tsa hore ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e seng lik'hemik'hale li tla arolelana "circalal cortex", orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus le thalamus), re faneng ka maikutlo a hore takatso ea papali ea video ea marang-rang e tla lumellana le ts'ebetso ea dorsolateral pele. cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, le thalamus ha ba araba tlhahiso ea lipapali tsa papali.
 

Method

Lihlooho

Ka papatso khamphaseng ea koleche ea Bentley, baithuti ba mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro ba ile ba hiroa. Ho bana ba mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro, baithuti ba babeli ba ile ba qheleloa ka thoko ka lebaka la matšoao a khatello e kholo ea maikutlo ho Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Sehlooho se le seng se hlotsoe letsatsi la ho lekola fMRI 'me sehlooho se le seng ha sea latela kemiso ea papali ea video ea inthanete. Kamora nako, re hlahlobile baithuti ba banna ba leshome le metso e robong (bolelele ba lilemo = 20.5 ± 1.5years, bonyane 18, boholo ba 22) ba nang le nalane ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (3.4 ± 1.5 hora / letsatsi, hora ea bonyane ea 0.5, lihora tse phahameng tsa 6) le ts'ebeliso ea likhomphutha (3.8 ± Lihora tse 1.3 / letsatsi, bonyane hora ea 1.5, lihora tse phahameng tsa 6) empa ba sa fihlellang litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba bokhoba (Bacha ba ho lemalla inthanete ba bangata <40) 19 likhoeling tse 6 tse fetileng. Har'a lithuto tse 19, lithuto tse 10 li noa joala (ho noa sechabeng, khafetsa, 2.3 ± 2.6 / khoeli) mme lithuto tsohle e ne e se batho ba tsubang (Lethathamo 2). Lithuto tsohle li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka lipotso tse hlophisitsoeng tsa Clinical Clinical for DSM-IV, BDI [20] (hlakola lintlha = 9, ho bolela ho = = 6.1 ± 2.0), le Beck Anxcare Inventory [21] (hlakola lintlha = 21, ho bolela lintlha = 4.8 ± 3.5). Litekanyetso tsa ho kenyelletsa li kenyellelitse liithuti tsa (1) tse nang le nalane kapa episode ea hona joale ea baithuti ba lefu la kelello la Axis I (2) ba nang le nalane ea tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi (ntle le joala) le (3) baithuti ba nang le mathata a methapo ea kutlo kapa a bongaka. Boto ea Sekolo sa Tlhatlhobo ea Sepetlele sa McLean le Boto ea Thupelo ea Institutional ea Lekala la 900 e amohetse protocol ea lipatlisiso tsa thuto ena. Baithuti bohle ba nkang karolo thutong ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo.
Lethathamo 2
Lethathamo 2     

 

 

 

Lintlha tsa sechaba, lintlha tsa Yong Internet Addiction Scale, ho bapala nako ea papali, le ho labalabela papali ea video har'a GP le EIGP.
 
    

Ts'ebetso ea ho Ithuta 

Papali ea papali ea video le ho hlahlojoa ha fMRI     

 
Leetong la pele la tlhahlobo, baithuti ba neng ba nkile karolo thutong ba ile ba hlahlobeloa tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea pele, e neng e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea MRI ea bongaka ho etsa bonnete ba hore lithuto li lula hantle ka har'a scanner le ho khetholla batho ba nang le bopaki ba methapo ea methapo ea methapo. Ntle le moo, ho teba ha bokhoba ba marang-rang ho ile ha hlahlojoa ke Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS) [3]. Tlhahlobo ea bongaka e ile ea lateloa ke thuto e khutšoane ea thupelo bakeng sa ho bapala papali ea video ea inthanete. Papali ena ea video, "War Rock", ke papali ea motho oa pele oa sethunya (FPS), e bapaloang marang-rang le libapali tse ling tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe. Papali e etsoa ka mor'a ntoa ea sejoale-joale ea litoropong, ho sebelisoa litlhaku tsa sebele, sehlopha sa libapali le libetsa. Sebapali se seng le se seng se abeloa sehlopha se nang le thomo ea ho felisa litho tsa sehlopha sa bohanyetsi kapa ho senya sebopeho sa sepheo ka ho jala seqhomane. Hobane e ne e sa tsoa qalisoa 'me e qaliloe ka Hlakubele 2007, baithaopi lithutong tsa morao-rao tsa lipatlisiso ba ile ba bapala "War Rock" ka lekhetlo la pele. Baithuti ba ngolisitseng lebitso la mosebelisi le password ba ile ba kopuoa ho bapala "War Rock" ka har'a likhomphutha tsa bona, metsotso ea 60 ka letsatsi bakeng sa matsatsi a 10. Ka tumello ea lithuto, k'hamphani ea lipapali ea K2-Network e shebile nako ea ho bapala, lintlha le boemo ba papali nakong ea matsatsi a 10. Moelelo oa nako eohle "War Rock" e neng e bapaloa ka lithuto tse leshome le metso e robong e ne e le metsotso ea 795.5 ± 534.3. Qetellong ea nako ea matsatsi a 10, ts'ebetso ea boko nakong ea ho shebella papali e ile ea hlahlojoa ka lirekoto tsa ts'ebetso ea matla a maiketsetso (fMRI), 'me takatso ea ho bapala papali ea video ea inthanete e ile ea hlahlojoa ka litlaleho tsa boithati ka lintlha tse supileng tse bonts'ang analogue ( VAS).

Tlhahlobo ea tšebetso ea boko le takatso ea papali ea video ea inthanete    

Litšoantšo tsohle tsa MR li entsoe ho 3.0 Tesla Nokia Trio scanner (Motorola, Erlangen, Germany). Boithuto bona bo ne bo reretsoe ho tsamaisana le lithuto tse 'maloa tsa takatso ea FMRI tse kenyelletsang tlhahiso ea litlhare tsa lithethefatsi [11-16]. Barupeluoa ba ile ba shebella videotape e le 'ngoe ea 450-ea bobeli ntle le molumo o nang le likarolo tse hlano tse tsoelang pele tsa 90-pili. Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 90-ea bobeli e ne e e-na le lintlha tse tharo tse latelang tse susumetsang, sekhutlo se seng le se seng sa 30 ka bolelele: sefapano se sesoeu moseng o motšo (B); taolo ea ho se nke lehlakore (N, litšoantšo tse 'maloa tsa ntoa tse matla); le video cue cue (C). Likarolo tsena tse hlano li laetsoe ho latela: BNC, BCN, CBN, NBC, le CNB. Cage ea videogame e ne e kenyelletsa video e bonts'a papali ea video ea inthanete "War Rock". Teipi ena e ile ea hlahisoa ho thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka mokhoa o sa bonelleng oa seipone se bonts'ang nako ea seboka se le seng sa fMRI. Bakeng sa seboka sa fMRI, litšoantšo tsa 180 echo planar (EPI, 40 coronal slices, xNUMX mm thick, size voxel of 5.0 × 3.1 × 3.1 mm, TE = 5.0msec, TR = 30ms, Flip angle = 3000 °, resolution in in ndege Li-pixel tsa × 90, tšimo ea pono (FOV) = 64 × 64 mm) li tlalehiloe ka makhetlo a bobeli a 200. Bakeng sa monahano oa anatomical, 200D T3 e nang le boima ba matla a motlakase-e hlophisitsoe ka potlako ea gradient echo (MPRAGE) e ile ea bokelloa ka li-paramethara tse latelang: TR = 3 ms, TE = 1 ms, FOV = 2100 x 2.74 mm, 256 × 256 boholo ba voxel, flip angle = 128 °. Ho lekola maemo a morutoana ka mong a takatso ea "War Rock", tekanyo ea analogue ea lintlha tse supileng (ho tloha 1 = "ho hang" ho ea 7 = "ho feteletseng") e ile ea sebelisoa habeli pele le ka mor'a ho hlahlojoa. Ka ho khetheha, lihlooho li ile tsa botsoa: "U batla ho bapala papali ea War Rock?" Ba sebelisa sistimi e sa boneng seiponeng 'me lithuto li lekantsitse takatso ea bona ea ho bapala papali ba sebelisa mokhabiso oa thabo.

Ts'ebetso ea Brain e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa sephutheloana sa software ea Brain Voyager (BVQX 1.9, Brain Innovation, Maastricht, The Netherlands). Lenaneo la nako la fMRI bakeng sa thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe le ne le ngolisitsoe ka nepo ho data ea 3D ea anatomical e sebelisang algorithm ea mekhahlelo e mengata e fanoeng ke BVQX. Litšoantšo tsa sebopeho se le seng li ne li hlophisitsoe ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng sebakeng sa standard Talairach [22]. Phetoho e tšoanang e sa amaneng le morao e ile ea sebelisoa ho T2 * -weighted fMRI time schedule data. Kamora mehato e ntlafalitsoeng ea tokiso ea nako ea mela le 3D khalemelo e tsamaeang, datha e sebetsang e ile ea hlakisoa hantle ka ho sebelisa Gaussian kernel ka FWHM ea 6mm mme ea ntlafatsoa ka nakoana ho sebelisa Gaussian kernel ea 4s e sebelisang li-algorithms tse fanoeng ke BVQX

Tlhahlobo ea lipalopalo e entsoe ka ho etsa mohlala oa nako ea lithuto tsa fMRI bakeng sa maemo a fapaneng (setšoantšo sa papali ea video le sepheo se sa nke lehlakore) e le ts'ebetso ea lebokose le fupere ts'ebetso ea karabo ea hemodynamic. Mesebetsi ea mohlala e sebelisitsoe e le litlatsetso tse hlalosang moelelo oa mohala oa mantlha (GLM) ho sebelisa tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea mohala ho lithuto tsa nako ea li-fMRI voxel ka voxel. Tlhahlobo ea sephetho se sa sebetseng e hlahisitse limmapa tsa motho ka mong le sehlopha tsa lipalo-palo tsa ts'ebetso ea boko e bapisang papali ea video cue vs susumetsang ho se nke lehlakore. Bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsohle, mekhatlo e ne e nkuoa e le bohlokoa ha boleng ba "Falco Discovery Rate" (FDR) bo le tlase kapa bo lekana le 0.05 (e lokiselitsoe lipapiso tse ngata) libakeng tse haufi tse mashome a mane. Ho laola kakaretso ea nako ea lipapali, boima ba 'mele oa beta bo amanang le lits'ebetso tsa mohlala li sebelisitsoe ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le ho ikopanya ho sa lekanang pakeng tsa mehato ea takatso ea lipapatso tsa papali ea lipapali le ts'ebetso ea kelello ea lehae. Tlhahlobo ea mekhahlelo ea bobeli ea litlamorao tse sa sebetseng mofuta oa ANOVA e nang le lintlha tse peli ka har'a eona (video game cue vs neutral stimuli) le tse peli lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa (sebapali se fetelletseng sa libapali tsa marang-rang se bapalang papali ea video e bapalang) se sebelisitsoe ho bonts'a ts'ebetso e fapaneng ea boko ts'ebetsong sebapali sa video se fetelletseng sa marang-rang. Ho laola nako eohle ea papali, ho lumellanya ho lekana pakeng tsa takatso ea papali ea video ea inthanete le ho bolela hore boima ba beta bo ile ba hlahlobisisoa.
Papali ea video ea inthanete e tsosang le taolo ea ho se nke lehlakore
 
Takatso e bolelang bakeng sa papali ea video ea inthanete lithutong tse leshome le metso e robong e ne e le 3.3 ± 1.6 (bonyane 1 le boholo ba 5.5). Ho arabela tšusumetso ea papali ea video ea inthanete, ha e bapisoa le tšusumetso e sa nke lehlakore, ho ile ha fumanoa tšebetso e kholo haholo lihlopheng tse tšeletseng (FDR <0.05, p <0.0009243): cluster 1 (Talairach x, y, z; 56, -35, 23; parietal e nepahetseng lobe, -59, -41, 23; lobe ea parietal lobe (Brodmann 7, 40), 32, -84, 23; lobe e nepahetseng ea occipital, -26, -84, 23; lobe ea occipital e setseng), lesihla la 2 (38, - 40, -29; ka ho le letona la cerebellum anterior lobe, 39, -73, -29; ka ho le letšehali la cerebellum posterior lobe), lesihla la 3 (14, -64, -39; le letona la cerebellum semilunar lobe), lesihla la 4 (20, -31, 2 ; thalamus e ka letsohong le letona), lesihla la 5 (-22, -25, 3; thalamus ea leqele, -38, -25, -17; le letšehali la parahippocampal gyrus (Brodmann 36)), le lesihla la 6 (-17, 19, 25; le letšehali le tlase gyrus e ka pele (Brodmann 9), cortex e ka pele e ka pele e kopantsoeng le DLPFC ho lipatlisiso tsa Callicott et al le Cotter et al [23, 24]) ((Setšoantšo sa 1). Litekanyetso tsa beta tse bolelang lipakeng tsa lihlopha 4, 5, le 6 li ne li hokahane hantle (sehlotšoana sa 4 le lesihla la 5: r = 0.67, p <0.01; lesihla 4 vs lesihla 6: r = 0.63, p <0.01; lesihla 5 vs lesihla 6: r = 0.64, p <0.01). Lihlopha tse ling ha lia ka tsa bontša khokahano lipakeng tsa boleng ba tsona ba beta.
Thutong ea khokahano lipakeng tsa boleng ba beta ea lihlopha le takatso e ipoletseng ea papali ea video ea inthanete, takatso e ne e tsamaisana hantle le sehlopha sa 4 (ka ho le letona thalamus r = 0.50, p = 0.03), sehlopheng sa 5 (ka thalmus ka ho le letšehali, le letšehali ho parahippocampal gyrus ( Brodmann 36), r = 0.56, p = 0.02) le lesihla 6 (lets'ollo le tlase le ka pele la gyrus (Brodmann 9), r = 0.54, p = 0.02). Ha ho na khokahano ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa lihlopha tse ling le takatso ea papali ea video ea inthanete (Setšoantšo sa 2).
Setšoantšo sa 2
Setšoantšo sa 2     

 

 

 

Litokellano lipakeng tsa Cluster 4, Cluster 5, Cluster 6, le Craving (e bolela ± 0.95 CI)
 
 

  Bahlahisi ba neng ba bapala papali ea video e fetang ea inthanete (MIGP) vs sebapali se akaretsang sa libapali tsa inthanete (GP)

 
Re hlokometse hore lithuto tse ling tsa ho bapala li bapala papali ea video haholo ho feta tse ling. Ho ipapisitsoe le polelo ena, re arotse lihlooho tsena ka lihlopha tse peli, bafo ba bapalang papali ea video ea inthanete (MIGP) le sehlopha se akaretsang sa libapali (GP). Bakeng sa lithuto tse leshome le metso e robong, lithuto tse tšeletseng tse bapalang papali ea video metsotso e fetang 900 (150% ea nako e khothalelitsoeng, metsotso e 600) li khethiloe e le lihlooho tse bapalang papali ea video ea inthanete (MIGP). MIGP e ile ea bapala papali ea video ea inthanete 1500.0 ± 370.9 metsotso / matsatsi a 10 ha GP e ntse e bapala papali bakeng sa metsotso e 517.5 ± 176.6 / matsatsi a 10. Ha e bapisoa le GP, ha e araba papali ea video ea inthanete, MIGP e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo haholo lihlopheng tse tšeletseng (FDR <0.05, p <0.000193): cluster 7 (Talairach x, y, z; 5, 48, -13; frontal frontal frontal sebaka sa gyrus broadmann (BA) 11), lesihla la 8 (52, -13, 38, gyrus e ka pele-pele e bohareng), lesihla la 9 (20, -29, -5; gyrus e nepahetseng ea parahippocampal), lesihla la 10 (6, -52 , 66; gyrus e nepahetseng ea parietal post-central), sehlopha sa 11 (-25, -13, 52; gyrus e ka pele e bohareng ea bohareng), lesihla la 12 (-17, −99, -17; gyrus ea lipuo tse ling tsa occipital) (Setšoantšo sa 3). Ho laola nako eohle ea papali, takatso ea papali ea video ea marang-rang e ne e tsamaellana hantle le sehlopha sa XusUMX (letsoho le letona la lebili le ka pele, r = 7, p = 0.47) le sehlopha sa 0.047 (le letona la parahippocampal gyrus, r = 9, p = 0.52) (Setšoantšo sa 4). Ha ho na khokahano ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa lihlopha tse ling le takatso ea papali ea video ea inthanete.
Setšoantšo sa 3
Setšoantšo sa 3     

 

 

 

Phapano ea phallo ea mali a phallo e tsoang lipakeng (RCBF) lipakeng tsa MIGP le GP
 
 
Setšoantšo sa 4
Setšoantšo sa 4     

 

 

 

Litokellano lipakeng tsa Cluster 7, Cluster 9, le Craving (bolela ± 0.95 CI)
 
 

Lipuisano

Se fumanoeng hajoale se fana ka maikutlo a hore potoloho ea neural e tsamaisang takatso e matla ea papali ea video ea marang-rang e ts'oana le se bonoang ka tlhahiso ea batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa papali ea papali ea chelete. Ho libapali tsohle tsa papali ea papali ea papali ea video, ho fapana le mekhoa ea ho se nke lehlakore, ho bonahala e le ntho e atileng ho fetisisa ho cortex ea dorsolateral prefrontal, parahippocampal gyrus, le thalamus [6, 25]. Ka lebaka la inthanete video e cues papali, MIGP e ne e eketsehile Tshebediso ya sa tokelo medial tse tobileng gyrus (orbitofrontal cortex), precentral gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, le occipital-lingual gyrus, bapisoa le GP. Haholo-holo, dorsolateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, le thalamus li ne li amana le takatso ea papali ea video ea inthanete.

Dorsolateral Pele Pele Cortex

Joalokaha ho tlalehiloe ho bakuli ba nang le joala, cocaine, nikotine le papali ea inthanete [10, 12, 13,14], cortex ea dorsolateral pele e ile ea kenngoa ts'ebetsong ho araba mekhoa ea papali. Ka bopaki ba ts'ebetso ea DLPFC e arabang setšoantšo sa papali ea chelete ea ho becha, Crockford et al [10] o khothalelitse hore mekhoa ea ho becha e shebiloeng e ka nkoa e le senotlolo sa tlhokomelo le tebello ea moputso. Barch le Buckner ba khothalelitse hore likhechana tse li ne li amana le mohopolo oa ho sebetsa [26]. DLPFC e na le karolo ea ho boloka le ho hokahanya boemeli ka ho hokahanya maikutlo a hona joale a kelello le boithuto ba boiphihlelo bo fetileng ba ho hlahisa ketso e lebisitsoeng ho sepheo e lebisitsoeng27, 28]. Kahoo, libapali tsa video tsa papali li ka hopola boiphihlelo ba pele ba papali mme bo amanang le ts'ebetso ea DLPFC.

    

Orbitof Pambal cortex le mokhoa oa memori ea ho sebetsa ea visuo-spatial

Ha a araba mekhoa ea papali ea video ea marang-rang, MIGP e ne e ekelitse tšebetso ea "gyrus" e nepahetseng ea "medical frontal gyrus", "precyral gyrus", "gypus" ea "parahippocampal" le "gipus" ea bongwan, ha e bapisoa le GP. Ho khahlisang, libaka tsohle tse ts'ebetsong MIGP li hokahane le memori ea ho sebetsa ea pono [29]. Basebelisi ba Cocaine ba bonts'a litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mesebetsi ea pele ea medial le maemo a tlase a leeme ha ba arabela ts'usumetso ea koae, ba fana ka maikutlo a hore ba na le bothata ba ho sitisa tlhokomelo ho tsoa ho ts'usumetso e amanang le lithethefatsi [29]. Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso ho "cortex" ea orbitofrontal le grafus e ne e amana le takatso ea papali ea video ea inthaneteng thutong ea rona. HypC e sebetsang ka mokhoa ona oa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi [15] le amygdala-hyper-sensitised amygdala le hippocampus tse arabelang ho pepesoa hoa lesela [30] ho tlalehiloe hangata ho bakuli ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea litheko. Ntle le moo, boinahanyo ho molatsoana oa ts'ebetso ea pono bo ile ba tlalehoa hape ho barekisi ba methapo ba ile ba fuoa ts'usumetso ea mofuta oa cue [10]. Se fumanoeng hajoale se lumellana le sephetho se tlalehiloeng ho bakuli ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea litheko. Ka khokahano le libaka tsa "striatum" le "limbic" tse kang amygdala [31], OFC e nahanoa hore e khetha boitšoaro bo nepahetseng ho arabela tšusumetsong ea kantle le ts'ebetso ea moputso molemong oa boits'oaro bo lebisitsoeng ho sepheo [32]. Ts'ebetso ea OFC e ka hlalosa sesosa sa ho phehella papali ea video ea inthanete pele.

Paraismpocampal gyrus le thalamus

Ntle le ts'ebetso ea DLPFC le OFC, ho shebella lits'ebetso tsa papali ea video ho ne ho amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea gypus le thalamus, mme libaka tseo li ne li amana hantle le takatso e tlalehiloeng. Kalivas le Volkow [6] fana ka maikutlo a hore likarolo tsa maoto bakeng sa ho ithuta le ho hopola ke liserekisi tse kholo tsa kelello tse amanang le takatso ea lithethefatsi tse tsamaisang boits'oaro ba lithethefatsi. Mekhelo e amanang le lithethefatsi e ka etsa hore motho a labalabele bakuli ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi.33] mme mochini ona oa ho matlafatsa o amahanngoa le sisteme ea moputso oa dopamine [7] le mesebetsi ea ho ithuta le ea memori ho hippocampus le amygdala [30, 34]. King et al [35ba tlalehile ts'ebetso ea amygdala lithutong tse bapalang lipapali tsa video tsa motho oa pele-pele. Ho feta moo, likarabo tsa 'mele le boits'oaro lithutong tse susumetsang tsa moputso kapa kotlo li kanna tsa theha leseli le tlisoang ke boleng bo fanoeng ke amygdala. [36] Le ha amygdala le hippocampus ka boeona li sa sebetsoa thutong ea hona joale, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea gypus e ka bonts'a mesebetsi ea amygdala, haholo-holo mohopolo oa maikutlo nakong ea maemo a hohelang maikutlo [37], le hippocampus ea ho lemoha meralo ea khale nakong ea memori e amohelang ea ho amohela [38]
Ka bopaki bo tšehetsang mokhatlo o lipakeng tsa dopamine le li-system tsa moputso lipapaling tsa video tsa marang-rang [35, 36, 39, 40] Papali ea papali ea video ea inthanete e ka lebelloa ho kenyelletsa lits'ebetso tse tšoanang tsa ho matlafatsa joalo ka tseo ho tsona ho kopanngoeng lithethefatsi le joala. Kamano pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea moputso oa dopaminergic le lipapali tsa video tsa marang-rang li kile tsa khothaletsoa boithuto bo fetileng ba lefutso [39] le tokollo ea dopamine thalamus nakong ea papali ea video e tlalehiloe ke Koepp [40].

sheba mefokolo ea

Boithuto ba hona joale bo na le meeli e 'maloa. Taba ea pele, re hloka sampole e kholo le e fapaneng haholo (le basali le bacha) bakeng sa ho netefatsa karabo e nepahetseng ea boko ho papali ea video ea inthanete. Taba ea bobeli, ha re a sebelisa sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo ho bona hore na takatso ea lipapali tsa inthanete e tebile hakae, leha re sebelisitse tšebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete ea Young, nako eohle ea papali le litekanyo tsa takatso tsa takatso. "Taba ea boraro, tlhahlobo nakong ea ha ho hlahlojoa seboka se le seng ha e fane ka tlhaiso-leseling e lekaneng ho fumana hore na ts'ebetso ea amygdala le hippocampal ho arabela papali ea video e ne e le ka lebaka la mohopolo oa papali e fetileng ea papali kapa takatso, leha re fumane kamano e kholo lipakeng tsa takatso le boko. Ts'ebetso ha e ntse e laola nako eohle ea ho bapala. Ntle le moo, likarabo tsa takatso li nahanoa hore li ka ntlafatsoa tlasa maemo a boemo bo joalo, 'me joalo ka hoo, ho emela letšoao la mantlha la mathata a ho lemalla [9]. Thutong ena, lithuto li ne li se na papatso ea papali ea video ea inthanete empa e ne e le lithuto tse phetseng hantle tse ileng tsa botsoa ho bapala papali e ikhethileng ea rialo bakeng sa matsatsi a 10. Re ke ke ra hloaea hore karabelo ea boko ho ts'oarellong ea papali e ka hlaha ho tsoa karabelong ea maikutlo ea maikutlo ho ea papali ea papali kapa ho emela sethala sa pele sa boitlamo ho papali [41]. "

fihlela qeto e

Boithuto ba hajoale bo fana ka tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le liphetoho tsa boko tse tšehetsang tšusumetso ea ho tsoela pele ho bapala papali ea video ea inthanete maemong a pele. Ho latela liphuputso tse fetileng tsa takatso e matla ea batho ba sebelisang lithethefatsi hampe, liphetho tsa hona joale li boetse li fana ka maikutlo a hore maikutlo a potolohileng a khothalletsang takatso ea lipapali tsa video tsa inthanete a tšoana le a bontšitsoeng ka mora tlhahiso ea batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Haholo-holo, mekhotla e bonahala e le ntho e tloahelehileng haholo ho dortolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitof Pambal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, le thalamus ..

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