Nannan Pan1 †, Yongxin Yang2 †, Xin Du1, Xin Qi1, Guijin Du3, Yang Zhang1, Xiaodong Li3* le 
Quan Zhang1*- 1Lefapha la Radiology le Tianjin Laboraro la Bohlokoa la Tšebetso e Sebetsang, Sepetlele sa Bongaka sa Bongaka sa Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- 2Lefapha la Psychology, Sepetlele sa Bone sa Linyi, Linyi, China
- 3Lefapha la Radiology, Sepetlele sa Batho sa Linyi, Linyi, China
Ka nts'etsopele ea Marang-rang, palo e ntseng e eketseha ea bacha e bapala papali ea inthanete ho feta tekano, e lebisang liphellong tse mpe ho batho ka bomong le sechabeng. Liphuputso tse fetileng li bonts'itse molumo oa taba ea bohlooho (GMV) ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka marang-rang (IGD), empa kamano lipakeng tsa tloaelo ea IGD le GMV bokong kaofela ha e sa hlaka ho bacha. Thutong ea hajoale, litšoantšo tsa anatomiki tse nang le qeto e phahameng li entsoe ho bacha ba 67 ba batona ba neng ba bapala papali ea inthanete; le Teko ea Young ea ho lemalla joala Inthaneteng (IAT) e ile ea etsoa ho leka tšekamelo ea IGD. Laebrari ea Software ea FMRIB (FSL) e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya likamano tse thehiloeng ho voxel lipakeng tsa GMV le lintlha tsa IAT kamora ho laola lilemo le lilemo tsa thuto. Li-GMV tsa bilateral postcentral gyri (postCG), bilateral precentral gyri (preCG), precuneus e nepahetseng, left posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC), left inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and the middle middle front gyrus (MFG) li ne li hokahane hampe le lintlha tsa IAT. Khokahano e ntse e le teng lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa IAT le li-GMV tsa poso ea linaha tse peli, preCG ea leqele, pMCC ea leqele, le MFG e nepahetseng kamora ho laola nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea inthanete. Ha barupeluoa ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli ho latela lintlha tsa IAT, li-GMV tsa libaka tsena tse amanang le boko li ne li le tlase sehlopheng se phahameng sa lintlha tsa IAT (lintlha tsa IAT> 50) ho feta sehlopheng se tlase sa lintlha tsa IAT (lintlha tsa IAT ≤50). Liphetho tsa rona li khothalelitse hore li-GMV tsa libaka tsa boko tse amehang ts'ebetsong ea sensorimotor le taolo ea ts'ebetso li ne li amahanngoa le tloaelo ea IGD. Liphuputso tsena li ka lebisa ho lipheo tse ncha tsa ho thibela le ho phekola IGD.
Selelekela
Lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, inthanete e phethile karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong ba rona. Leha ho le joalo, bacha ba eketsehileng ba shebella marang-rang mme ba bapala papali ea inthanete haholo, e leng se hlahisang mathata a bona ho bacha le sechabeng. Phuputso ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang e bontšitse hore bothateng ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD), tlatsetso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang (IA) (1), e ne e le bothata bo tloaelehileng haholo ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello har'a bacha ba China (2). Ka hona, lithuto tse eketsehileng li ile tsa tsepamisa maikutlo ho neuromechanism ea IGD mme e etselitsoe ho kenya letsoho thibelong le kalafong ea IGD.
Ho bokellana ha methapo ea kelello ho ka sebelisoa ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le mekhoa e sebetsanang le boloi ka litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong (3-5). Liphuputso tse fetileng tsa sebopeho li fumane hore batho ba nang le IGD ba ne ba e-na le tlhekefetso ea moralo ka taba e bohlooho (GM), joalo ka palo e fokotsitsoeng ea lintlha tsa bohlooho (GMV) kapa letsoalo la GM libakeng tse fapaneng tsa cortical le subcortical (6-11), le kholo ea GMV libakeng tse ka pele le tsa nakoana (8, 12). Lithuto tsena li khothalelitse hore libaka tse ngata tsa boko sebakeng sa pele, sa nakoana, sa parietal, le subcortical tse kang li-ventral striatum li ne li amana le IA, e ileng ea tlatsetsa ho utloisiseng ha li-neuromechanisms tsa IA. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba lithuto tsa pejana li ne li shebane feela le IA kapa IGD e fumanoeng ke tlhahlobo ea lipotso tsa bongaka tse joalo ka tlhahlobo ea tšebeliso ea inthanete (IAT), mme e bapisa phapang ea boitšoaro le tšebetso ea boko le sebopeho lipakeng tsa batho ba IGD le taolo e phetseng hantle. Ha e le hantle, ha se batho bohle ba bapalang papali ea marang-rang ba nang le bothata ba IGD (13). Ka hona, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tsa lingoliso tsa libopeho tsa libapali tsa marang-rang tse nang le maemo a fapaneng a tloaelo ea IGD, eseng batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea IGD feela.
Haufinyane tjena, lithuto tse tharo li ile tsa shebana ka kotloloho le litloaelano tsa neural tsa tšekamelo ea IA. Wen le Hsieh (14) e fuputse likamano lipakeng tsa khokahano eohle ea tšebetso ea boko le boemo ba IA sehlopheng sa bacha ba baholo (lilemo tsa 19-29) mme ea fumana marang-rang a mabeli a neng a entsoe ka libaka tse ka pele a amanang le tloaelo ea IA. Li et al. (15) e tlaleha hore sebopeho le khokahano e sebetsang ea "cortex" e nepahetseng ea dorsolateral e ne e lumellana hantle le lintlha tsa IAT sehlopheng sa bacha ba phetseng hantle (lilemo tsa 18-27). Phuputso e entsoeng ke Kühn (16) e senotse hore GMV ea libaka tsa boko kahare ho marang-rang a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e hlahlojoang ke lintlha tsa IAT. Ho feta moo, lithuto tsa pejana li boetse li bonts'itse hore liphetoho tsa GMV li ne li amana le ho teba ha papali ea papali ea inthanete lithutong tsa IGD. Mohlala, thuto e entsoeng ke Weng et al. e bontšitse hore li-GMV tsa "cortex" e nepahetseng ea orbitofrontal le li-insula tse arolelanang li ne li amana hantle le ho teba ha papali ea papali ea inthanete lithutong tsa IGD (7). Cai et al. tlalehiloe e eketsehile GMV ea li-nucleus accumbens e ne e amahanngoa le lintlha tsa IAT ho batho ba IGD (17). Phuputso e entsoeng ke Zhou et al. e bonts'itse hore GMV e tlase ka kotareng e nepahetseng ea orbitofrontal e ne e amana le ho teba ha libapali tsa video tse fumanehang kahare ho libapali tsa inthanete (18). Lithuto tsena li bontšitse hore sebopeho sa ts'ebetso ea boko le ts'ebetso li ne li amana le boemo ba IA. Leha ho le joalo, kamano pakeng tsa tšekamelo ea IGD le GMV ho pholletsa le kelello eohle e ne e e-so hlahlojoe ka nepo lilemong tsa bocha (14-18 lilemo). Bacha ba pakeng tsa lilemo tsa 14 le 18 ba nakong e mahlonoko ea ho hola kelellong mme o tloaetse ho lemalla le litlamorao tse mpe (19, 20). Boithuto bo bongata mabapi le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi bo ile ba lebisa tlhokomelo ho bacha ba lilemo tse 14 ho isa lilemong tsa 18 (21, 22). Phuputso e entsoeng ka mohlala o moholo e bontšitse hore IGD e atile haholo ho bana ba sekolo sa mathomo sa ma China le ba mahareng ba nang le kholo ea 22.5% hara baithuti bao ba bapala lipapali tsa inthanete (2). Ka hona, ho hlokahala haholo ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le likarolo tsa boko tse amanang le tšekamelo ea IGD lilemong tsa bocha (14-18 years).
Ntle le moo, lithuto tsa pejana li bonts'itse hore papali ea nako e telele ea inthaneteng e bapaloang e ka lebisa ho hlophisitsoeng bocha ho sebapali sa libapali tsa inthanete (12, 23, 24). Li-GMV tse ka pele ho cortex ea ventrolateral preortal preortal cortex, sebaka se tlatselletsang sa makoloi, le rostral anterior cingate cortex li ile tsa lumellana le nako ea papali ea inthanete e bapalang bacha ba nang le lefu la IA (6, 25). Ka hona, hore na nako ea ho bapala papali ea inthanete e ama kamano pakeng tsa GMV le tšekamelo ea IGD ho loketse ho ithuta.
Thutong ea hona joale, bacha ba batona ba 67 ba lilemo tse (14-18 lilemo tse ileng tsa bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang ba ile ba ngolisoa bocha. Tlhatlhobo e amanang le voxel e thehiloeng ho voxel e ile ea etsoa ho bona libaka tsa boko tse amanang le lintlha tsa IAT pele le kamora ho laola nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea marang-rang. Ho ipapisitsoe le lithuto tse fetileng, li-circuits tsa pele-pele li amana haufi le tlatsetso. Ventral striatum e nkile karolo molemong oa ho ithuta tloaelo le ho etsa moputso o motle o kenyelletseng tlatsong ea bokhoba ba tahi (26, 27), le taolo e fokotsoang ea taolo ea cortex ea pele ho ts'ebetso ea moputso ke o mong oa mekhoa ea ho lemalla (28, 29). Ka hona, re ts'episitse hore tšekamelo ea IGD e kanna ea amahanngoa le libaka tsa boko tse amanang le taolo ea kelello (preortalal cortex) le ts'ebetso e ruisang (ventral striatum). Boithuto bona bo ka lebisa ho lipheo tse ncha tsa ho thibela le ho phekola IGD ho bacha.
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
Lihlooho
Bacha ba mashome a tšeletseng a metso e supileng ba nang le letsoho le letona (14-18 ea lilemo li, ka karolelano 15.54 ± 0.14) ba neng ba bapala papali ea marang-rang ba ile ba ngolisoa boithuto bona. Ba mashome a mabeli ba nkileng karolo ea 67 e ne e le liithuti tsa Sekolo sa Bophelo le 47 ea barupeluoa ba 67 e ne e le bacha bao batsoali ba bona ba ba isitseng ho ngaka ea mafu a kelello ka lebaka la IGD e ka etsahalang. Barupeluoa bohle ba amohetse thuto bakeng sa lilemo tsa 6-12, ho tloha sekolong sa mathomo ho isa sekolong se phahameng. Bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo ba qetile nako e fetang ea 80% ea nako ea inthanete ho bapala papali ea marang-rang. Ke bacha ba batona feela ba ngolisitsoeng thupelong ena hobane palo e nyane ea basali e bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang ebile e na le bothata ba IGD (2, 30). Litekanyetso tsa ho se kenyeletsoe li ne li kenyelletsa tse latelang: tšebeliso e mpe ea joala kapa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi; ho ba teng ha lefu le nang le ts'oaetso ea methapo ea kelello kapa mafu a kelello a kang ho hlobaela, migraines, tinnitus, le chidwi deficit hyperactive; nalane ea bokuli ba 'mele joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo, mokokotlo oa boko, kapa lefu la sethoathoa le hlahlobiloeng ho latela tlhahlobo ea bongaka le litlaleho tsa bongaka; Khanyetsano ea MRI; le litlolo tse sa bonahaleng ho MRI e tloaelehileng. Boithuto ba hona joale bo amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Sepetlele sa Bongaka sa Tianjin Medical University, mme bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo le bahlokomeli ba bona ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng ho latela tataiso ea setheo.
Lipotso
Teko ea bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e sebelisitsoe ho lekola botebo ba tšekamelo ea IGD thutong ena. IAT e na le lintho tsa 20 mme likarabo tsa lipotso tsena li ile tsa hlalosoa e le lintlha tsa 1-5 (1 = “ka seoelo” ho 5 = “kamehla”) (31). Palo eohle ea lihlahisoa tsa 20 e lekola botebo ba ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. Phihlelo ea ho bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang e ile ea hlahlojoa dessyecik lipotso tse neng li itlhahisa tse neng li botsa mabapi le bolelele le boholo ba ho bapala. Nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea marang-rang e ne e baloa e le lihora tse ngata ka letsatsi tse eketsoang ke matsatsi a ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ea barupeluoa bohle e ile ea lekoa e sebelisa Matichere a Ts'ebetso ea Standard Raven. Matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo li ngotsoe ka ho sebelisa tekanyo ea ho itšenyeha ha maemo (SAS) le tekanyo ea khatello ea maikutlo (SDS).
MRI ea sebopeho
Litšoantšo tsa sebopeho li ile tsa fumanoa li sebelisoa ka sekepe sa Nokia 3.0 T (Magnetom Verio, Nokia, Erlangen, Germany). Letoto la 192 contiguous sagittal high-resolution anatomical litšoantšo li fumanoe ho sebelisoa li-volumetric tsa T1 tse boima ba likarolo tse tharo tse lokiselitsoeng ka tatellano ea li-gradient-echo ka tatellano e latelang: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 2.34 ms, TI = 900 ms, flip angle = 9 °, FOV = 256 mm × 256 mm, botenya ba sekhahla = 1 mm, boholo ba matrix = 256 × 256.
Tlhahlobo ea Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM)
Litšoantšo tsohle tsa sebopeho li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ka lebokose la lisebelisoa la VBM81 ea SPM8 (Lefapha la Wellcome la Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK)2 e sebetsa ho MATLAB R2010a (Math Works Inc., Sherborn, MA, USA). Khalemelo ea sebopeho sa sebopeho sa likarolo tse tharo se entsoe ha ho ne ho etsoa litšoantšo bocha. Kamora moo, litšoantšo tsa matsoalloa a mang le mang tsa litho tsohle li ile tsa aroloa ho GM, tšoeu (WM), le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo (CSF), 'me likarolo tsa GM tsa fetoloa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ho Montreal Neurological Institute template ka ngodiso ea litaba tsa leshano ka di-algebra tse hlalositsoeng. DARTEL) (32). Litšoantšo tse ngolisitsoeng tsa GM li ile tsa hlophisoa ka ho arola Jacobian of the warp field ho lokisa bakeng sa katoloso ea lehae kapa khutsufatso. K'homphieutha ea isotropic Gaussian ea 8-mm e pharaletseng ka bophara ba halofo e ile ea amoheloa ho tsamaisa litšoantšo tse hlophisitsoeng tsa GM. Setšoantšo se bolelang sa GM e tloaelehileng ho tsoa ho barupeluoa bohle se sebelisitsoe ho theha maske ea GM eo moeli oa eona o neng o behiloe ka boleng ba 0.3 (pixels e nang le likhakanyo tsa likaroloana tsa GM> 30% e khethiloe). Eaba mask oa GM o sebelisoa e le mask o hlakileng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo ho qhela lipikselse tse nang le menyetla e tlase ea monyetla oa GM.
Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso
Tlhahlobo ea regression ea bohlale ea Voxel e bohlale e ile ea etsoa ho lekola kamano pakeng tsa GMV le palo ea IAT ho barupeluoa bohle ka mor'a ho laola lilemo le lilemo tsa thuto. Mokhoa o sa lumellaneng le tumellano ea mangolo a marang-rang (33) e phethoa ke sesebelisoa se sa sebetseng se laetsoeng ho FMRIB Software Library (FSL)3. Tlhahlobo ea ntlafatso ea sehlopheng sa tharollo (TFCE) e se nang thipa (TFCE) e entsoe ka ha e kopanya boholo ba seqo le bophahamo ho palo e le ngoe mme ha e hloke khetho e hanyetsanang ea sehlotšoana se theang monyako (34). Ho lumellanya pakeng tsa GMV le sekhahla sa IAT ho ile ha hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea semmuso e sa thehoeng paramethara le tumello e sa reroang ea 5,000. Morero oa lipalo-palo oa bohlokoa o hlalositsoe ho P <0.01. Bakeng sa ho hlakisa hore na nako ea papali ea papali ea inthanete e amme kamano pakeng tsa GMV le IAT, tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maikutlo ea Voxel e ile ea etsoa hape ha ho eketsoa nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea inthanete e le pherekano ea covariate.
Lihlopha tse nang le kamano pakeng tsa GMV le lintlha tsa IAT li hlalositsoe e le libaka tsa thahasello (ROI), 'me karolelano ea GMV ka hare ho ROI ka' ngoe e ntšitsoe. Tlhahlobo ea khokahanyo e thehiloeng ho ROI e ile ea etsoa lipakeng tsa karolelano ea GMV le lintlha tsa IAT kamora ho laola lilemo le lilemo tsa thuto. Eaba, barupeluoa bohle ba arotsoe ka lihlotšoana tse peli, sehlopha se phahameng sa lintlha tsa IAT (lintlha tsa IAT> 50, N = 30) le sehlopha se tlase sa lintlha tsa IAT (IAT lintlha ≤50, N = 37). Phapano ho GMV lipakeng tsa lihlotšoana tse peli e ile ea lekoa ke tlhahlobo ea General Linear Model, e laolang lilemo le lilemo tsa thuto. Mehato ea bohlokoa e ne e behiloe ka bobeli ho P <0.05.
Results
Barupeluoa ba ne ba e-na le kakaretso ea 46 ho IAT e neng e sebelisoa ho lekola tloaelo ea IGD. Lintho li sebelisitse 5.5 h / letsatsi ka kakaretso ho bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang mme li tšoarelletse likhoeli tsa 56 tse tloaelehileng. Litšobotsi tsa bongaka le tsa palo ea batho li thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 1.
Lethathamo 1. Litšobotsi tsa morupeluoa.
Tlhahlobo ea ntlafatso ea bohlale ea Voxel e senotse hore li-GMV tsa patlisiso ea morao-rao ea li-postcentral gyri (postCG), biliveal precentral gyri (preCG), nepahetseng ka ho nepahala, posterior midcingrate cortex (pMCC), left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) le gyrus e nepahetseng ea bohareng bohareng e ne e hokahane haholo le sekhahla sa IAT (Setšoantšo 1; Tafole 2). Setšoantšo 2 e bonts'a khokahano e thehiloeng ROI lipakeng tsa GMV le sekhahla sa IAT. Kamora nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea marang-rang e kentsoe e le phello ea mathata, ho ikamahanya ho ntse ho le teng pakeng tsa IAT le GMV ea poso ea naha e 'meli, preCG ea morao, pMCC ea leqele, le MFG e nepahetseng (Setšoantšo. 3; Tafole 3).
Setšoantšo sa 1. Libaka tsa methapo e bonts'a litekanyetso tse mpe tsa tlhatlhobo ea ho lemalla Inthanete (IAT) ho libapali tsa lipapali tsa inthaneteng tsa bacha. Lenane la IAT le ne le hokahane le litheko tse tsamaeang le bohlooho (GMVs) tsa naha ea lefatše ea lefatše ea lefatše, boemo bo nepahetseng ba nako, letšehali le ka morao le bohareng ba bohloekisi, lehare le ka morao le ka letsohong le letona. Lipalo tse ka tlase ho litšoantšo ke lihokela tsa Montreal Neurological Institute ho z-axis. Mmala oa mebala o emela −log p.
Lethathamo 2. Libaka tsa bongo li bontšitse lihokelo tsa sebopeho sa tlhahlobo ea litheko tsa inthanete (IAT).
Setšoantšo sa 2. Tlhahlobo ea "Regions-of-interest" (ROI) -khatlhobo ea khokahano e hlophisitsoeng pakeng tsa bosholu ba litaba tse bohlooho (GMV) le tlhahlobo ea litheko tsa inthanete (IAT). Masala a ne a sebelisoa hobane lilemo le lilemo tsa thuto li ne li laoloa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea maikutlo.
Setšoantšo sa 3. Libaka tsa boko li bonts'a litumellano tse mpe tsa teko ea ho lemalla Inthanete (IAT) ho libapali tsa inthanete tsa bongoaneng ka mor'a ho laola nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea inthanete. Letšoao la IAT le ne le hokahane le litaba tsa bohlooho-botala (GMVs) tsa lefatše le tse ling tsa morao-rao tsa morao-rao, gyrus ea leqele le letšehali, leqele le letšehali le bohareng ba bohloekisi. Lipalo tse ka tlase ho litšoantšo ke lihokela tsa Montreal Neurological Institute ho z-axis. Mmala oa mebala o emela −log p.
Lethathamo 3. Libaka li bontšitse likhakanyo tsa sebopeho sa teko ea bokhoba ba inthanete (IAT) kamora ho laola nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea marang-rang.
Joalokaha ho bonoa Lethathamong 4, ha barupeluoa ba arotsoe ka lihlotšoana tse peli ho latela lintlha tsa IAT, sehlopha se nang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa IAT (lintlha tsa IAT> 50) se ne se na le GMV e tlase libakeng tse supileng ho tse robeli ha se bapisoa le sehlotšoana se nang le sehlopha se tlase sa IAT (lintlha tsa IAT ≤ 50) ()P <0.05).
Lethathamo 4. Mefuta-khang ea lithahasello (ROI) -mapapiso a lipapiso tsa bosholu ba taba ea bohlooho (GMV) lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tse nyane.
Puisano
Thutong ea hona joale, kamano pakeng tsa tloaelo ea GMV le IGD e ile ea hlahlojoa kahare ho boko bohle ho libapali tsa lipapali tsa marang-rang tsa bacha. Kamora ho laola sephetho sa nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea marang-rang, li-GMV tsa poso e kopanetsoeng, preCG ea leqele, pMCC ea leqele, le MFG e nepahetseng li ne li ntse li ikamahanya le tloaelo ea IGD. Bacha ba nang le GMV e tlase libakeng tsa boko tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea sensorimotor le taolo ea kelello li ne li e-na le tloaelo e phahameng ea IGD.
E ne e tsamaellana le khopolo-taba ea hore GMV ho MFG, e le karolo ea preortalal cortex e amehang taolong ea kelello (35, 36), e ne e amana hantle le tloaelo ea IGD. Litloaelo tsa sebopeho le tšebetso li tlalehiloe haholo ho batho ba nang le IGD (37-40). Mohlala, ts'ebetso e tlase ho cortex ea pele e fumanoe ho IA (40). Liphuputso tse fetileng li bonts'itse letsoalo le tlase la GM le GMV karolong e ka pele ea cortex ho batho ba IGD (37, 39). Bokhabane bo nyane ba phallo e tlase ea molumo o tlase kahare ho MFG e nepahetseng le bona bo senotsoe ho batho ba IGD (41). Ho kenella ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang ka cortex ea pele ho nako ho ile ha fumanoa le ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi joalo ka basebelisi ba matekoane le batho ba hlekefetsang koae (koae).42-44). Liphetoho tse tšoanang mabapi le ho hokahana ha cortex ea pele ho nako li ile tsa senoloa ho batho ba lemaletseng joala le batho ba nang le IGD (45, 46). Lithuto tsena li bonts'itse hore sebopeho sa sebopeho kapa sebopeho sa cortex ea pele se ne se amana le tšenyo. Thutong ena, GMV ea MFG e nepahetseng e ne e kopantsoe hampe le palo ea IAT, mme e ne e le tlase ho sehlopha se phahameng sa IAT ho feta sehlopheng sa maemo a tlase sa IAT. Ho haelloa ke sebopeho ho MFG e nepahetseng ho ka lebisa ho senyeha ha taolo ea kelello ho libapali tsa marang-rang. Ka lebaka leo, libapali tsa marang-rang li ne li sitoa ho laola lipapali tsa bona tsa marang-rang tse nang le mathata li bapala mme li bonts'itse tloaelo e holimo ho IGD.
Ha e sebetse le tšibollo ea maikutlo, ha rea fumana GMV ea ventral striatum e hokahanang le sekhahla sa IAT. Theralral striatum ke sebaka se thata se amanang le bokhoba, 'me hangata se hlahisa ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang ho batho ba lemalloang (26, 27). Thutong ea rona, re tsepamisitse maikutlo ho batshameki ba lipapali tsa marang-rang ba lilemong tsa bocha empa ha se batho ba IGD feela, e ka bang tlhaloso e ka bang sephetho se seng sa sephetho sa ventral striatum. Leha ho le joalo, sephetho sena se sa nepahalang se lokela ho netefatsoa thutong e tlang le boholo ba sampole e kholo.
Ka tšohanyetso, preCG, postCG, le pMCC e amehang ts'ebetsong ea sensorimotor e bontšitse khokahano e mpe le sekhahla sa IAT. PreCG e phethile karolo ea bohlokoa ho rala le ho tsamaisa makoloi (47). Nako ea bocha ke nako e mahlonoko ea ntlafatso ea neural, 'me e ikemiselitse ho angoa ke maemo a tikoloho. Liphuputso tse fetileng li bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea joala le lithethefatsi li ka fetola GMV bokong ba bongoana bo ntseng bo hola (48). Phuputso e bontšitse tšebeliso e telele ea methamphetamine e ne e amana le phokotso ea GMV ho preCG (49). Thutong ea rona, GMV ea preCG e ne e le tlase sehlogong se phahameng sa lintlha tsa IAT ho feta sehlopheng sa maemo a tlase sa IAT. Nahana ka thibelo le khatello ea ketso e amana ka kotloloho le cortex ea mantlha (50), GMV e fokotsehileng ea preCG e kanna ea amana le tloaelo ea IGD. PostCG e na le "cortex ea sensory ea mantlha" 'me e kenella ho kopanya leseli la sensory (24). Kamano e mpe pakeng tsa GMV ea postCG le palo ea IAT e bolela GMV e tlase ea sebaka sena ho batho ba nang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa IAT. Mosebetsi o sa tloaelehang oa postCG o fumanoe ho bacha ba nang le IGD (51). Ho fokotseha ha GMV le botenya ba postCG le tsona li ile tsa senoloa, ka ho tšoanang, ho basebelisi ba heroin (52le bacha ba lemaletseng papali ea papali ea inthanete (53). PostCG e holofalitsoeng e ka lebisa ho ts'oaneleheng ho amoheng, ho e lokisa, le ho kopanya matšoao a amanang le 'mele mme e ka hloleha ho tataisa boits'oaro bo tsoelang pele bo amanang le ho tsosa takatso, ho tsepamisa maikutlo, khatello, moputso, le maemo, mme qetellong e amana le ts'ebeliso ea tlhekefetso (54). Phuputsong ena, khokahano e mpe ea sebopeho sa lintlha tsa IAT le eona e fumanoe ho pMCC e setseng. PMCC e bonts'a khokahanyo e kholo ea ts'ebetso le libaka tsa boko tse kenyelletsang marangrang a sensorimotor (55, 56) hape e na le karolo ea bohlokoa ho ts'ebetsong ho kopanya sensorimotor le taolo ea makoloi (57). Libaka tsa sensorimotor ha li laole feela likarolo tsa mantlha tsa motsamao empa hape li ka etsa sebopeho sa motho (58). Lits'ebetso tse sebetsang tsa marang-rang a sensorimotor li kanna tsa sebetsa bakeng sa boits'oaro bo ikemetseng / bo hatelletsang bo ts'oereng lithethefatsi (59). Sensorimotor cortex diphokotso le tsona li tlalehiloe ho batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea koae (cocaine).60, 61) le ho kenella joala (62). Ha ho tsamaisoa hammoho, phokotso ea li-GMV kahare ho preCG, postCG, le pMCC e kanna ea ba le kopano le tlhekefetso ea marang-rang a sensorimotor, mme hape e amanang le tloaelo ea IGD.
Phuputsong e teng hona joale, likhokahano tse mpe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa IAT le li-GMV tsa preCG / postCG e nepahetseng, IPL ea leqeleng, le tlhaelo-leseling e nepahetseng e ile ea nyamela kamora ho laola sephetho sa nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea inthanete. PreCG / postCG e ne e kentse letsoho ts'ebetsong ea sensorimotor (63); IPL le precuneus e nepahetseng e ne e amana haufi le ts'ebetso ea pono le morero (64-66). Ts'ebetso ea lipapali e hloka hore libapali li ele hloko liphetoho tse ngata tse hlahang skrineng nako e telele joale li lematsa bokhoni ba bona ba pono (65), e ka bang le kamano le phokotso ea GMV libakeng tse amanang le tlhokomelo. Boithuto bo fetileng bo bontšitse hore GMV ea precuneus e fokotsehile (8) le ho fokotsa boima ba cortical IPL (53) bathong ba nang le temallo ea papali ea inthanete. Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'itse hore phokotso ea GMV libakeng tse ling tsa boko tse amanang le tlhokomelo ea pono le ts'ebetso ea sensorimotor e ile ea susumetsoa ke nako eohle ea ho bapala papali ea inthanete, e leng se neng se e-na le tšusumetso ea ho bapala papali ea marang-rang.
Ho lokela ho hlokomeloe meeli e 'maloa thutong ea rona. Taba ea pele, le ha ho ile ha senoloa lipeisano tse ling pakeng tsa GMV ea boko le sekhahla sa IAT, ho hlaka ho ke keng ha hlakisoa tlhahlobisong ena. GMV e tlase e bonoang lilemong tsa bocha e nang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa IAT e kanna ea ba papali ea papali e fetelletseng ea inthanete kapa boemo ba ho preexist bo shebileng IGD. Taba ea bobeli, IAT ke lipotso tse ipapisang le mekhoa ea sepheo sa ho lekola tloaelo ea IGD ea hlokahala. Taba ea boraro, nako eohle ea ho bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang e ne e le tekanyo e ka etsahalang mme mohlomong e ne e sa nepahala ka ho lekana. Taba ea bone, ha re khone ho hlalosa sephetho sa mofuta oa lipapali liphetho, tse lokelang ho hlahlojoa thutong e tlang. Qetellong, ke bacha ba batona feela ba ileng ba haptjoa thutong ea rona. Ka hona, liphetho tsa hona joale li behetse libapali tsa lipapali tsa inthanete tsa banna ba lilemong tsa bocha feela.
fihlela qeto e
Thutong ena, kamano lipakeng tsa tloaelo ea IGD e ile ea phenyekeloa sehlopheng sa libapali tsa marang-rang tsa bacha. GMV ea libaka tsa boko tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea sensorimotor le taolo ea kelello li fumanoe li amana le lintlha tsa IAT. GMV e tlase ea libaka tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea sensorimotor le taolo ea kelello li ka hlahisa tšekamelo e phahameng ea IGD, e ka lebisang lipheo tse ncha tsa ho thibela le ho phekola IGD ho bacha.
Boitšoaro ba Melao
Boithuto ba hona joale bo amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Sepetlele sa Bongaka sa Tianjin Medical University, mme bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo le bahlokomeli ba bona ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng ho latela tataiso ea setheo.
Menehelo ea Mongoli
NP, YY, XL, le QZ ba qapile lipatlisiso. XQ, XD, GD, YZ, le QZ li entse lipatlisiso. YY o ne a kentse letsoho tekong ea bongaka. Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea NP, YZ, GD, le QZ. NP, YZ, XL, YY, le QZ ba ngotse pampiri ena.
Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso
Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.
Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe
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