LITLHAHISO: Boithuto bo ikhethileng. Ho latela baithuti ba univesithi ba selemo sa pele ho netefatsa hore na ke liperesente life tse hlahisang bokhoba ba inthanete, mme ke lintho life tse ka bang kotsi ho tsona. Karolo e ikhethang ke hore lithuto tsa lipatlisiso li ne li sa sebelise marang-rang pele li ingolisa kolecheng. Ho thata ho lumela. Kamora selemo se le seng feela sa sekolo, liperesente tse nyane li ile tsa khetholloa e le makhoba a inthanete. Ba ileng ba hlahisa lithethefatsi tsa inthanete ba ne ba le holimo haholo, athe ba ne ba le tlase ho bongata ba khatello ea maikutlo le lehloeo.
Ntlha ea bohlokoa ke bokhoba ba marang-rang bakoang liphetoho tsa boitšoaro le maikutlo. Ho tsoa thutong:
- Kamora ho lemalla ha bona, lintlha tse phahameng haholo li ile tsa bonoa bakeng sa boholo ba khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, lehloeo, kutloelo-bohloko ea batho, le psychoticism, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore tsena e ne e le liphetho tsa bokuli ba ho lemalla ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete.
- Re ke ke ra fumana setsebi se tiileng sa mafu a ho lemalla ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Bothata ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho Internet ho ka 'na ha tlisa mathata a mangata ho batho ba lemalloang ka litsela tse itseng.
PLoS ONE 6 (2):e14703.doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0014703
Guangheng Dong1*, Qilin Lu2, Hui Zhou1, Xuan Zhao1
1 Lefapha la Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People's Republic of China, 2 Setsi sa Neuroinformatics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
inahaneloang
Background
Phuputso ena e ikemiseditse ho hlahloba likarolo tsa mafu a ho kula ha meriana ea ho lemalla ts'oaetso ea Inthanete le ho lemoha mathata a mafu a li-IAD, le ho hlahloba boemo ba kelello ba ba lemaletseng Inthaneteng pele ho lemalla, ho kenyelletsa le litšobotsi tse ka hlahisang ts'oaetso ea Inthanete.
Mekhoa le Liphihlelo
Baithuti ba 59 ba ne ba lekantsoe ke Sy Symbom CheckList-90 pele le kamora hore ba lemaletse marang-rang. Papiso ea tlhaiso-leseling e bokelletsoeng ho tsoa ho letšoao la Syndromeom-90 pele ho ts'oaetso ea marang-rang le tlhaiso-leseling e bokelletsoeng kamora ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea Inthanete e bonts'a likarolo tsa mathata a methapo a methapo ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete. Boikutlo ba ho qobella ho qobella ba bang bo fumanoe bo sa tloaelehang pele ba e-ba lemalla ho Inthaneteng. Ka mor'a hore ba lemalle, litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa li ne li hlokomeloa ka litekanyo tsa ho tepella maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho hloea, ho ba le kutloisiso ho batho ba bang le ho ba le maikutlo a kelello, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore tsena ke liphello tsa bothata ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho Internet. Litekanyo tsa ho tsitsisa, ho nahana ka maikutlo, le ho tšoenyeha ha phoso ha hoa ka ha fetoha nakong ea thuto, ho bontša hore litekanyo tsena ha li amana le bothata ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho Internet.
Nahanisisa
Re ke ke ra fumana setsebi se tiileng sa mafu a ho lemalla ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Bothata ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho Internet bo ka 'na ba tlisa mathata a mangata ho batho ba lemalloang ka litsela tse itseng.
Tlhagiso: Dong G, Lu Q, Zhou H, Zhao X (2011) Precursor kapa Sequela: Mathata a Botsoa ho Batho ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla Inthanete. PloS ONE 6 (2): e14703. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0014703
mohlophisi: Jeremy Miles, RAND Corporation, United States of America
E amohetse: June 18, 2010; E amohetsoe: Janaw 27, 2011; E phatlalalitsoe: Pherekhong 16, 2011
Copyright: © 2011 Dong et al. Ena ke sengolo se bulehileng se fihletsoeng tlasa tumellano ea Lichelete ea Tlhahiso ea Creative Commons Attribution, e lumellang tšebeliso e sa thibeloang, phetiso, le tlhahiso hape ka mofuta o mong le o mong, ha feela moqapi oa mantlha le mohloli ba ngoliloe.
Lithuso: Patlisiso ena e tšehelitsoe ke National Science Foundation ea China (30900405). Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo morerong oa ho ithuta, ho bokella data le ho hlahlobisisa, qeto ea ho phatlalatsa, kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.
Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng: Bangoli ba boletse hore ho na le lithahasello tsa tlhōlisano tse teng.
Lengolo-tsoibila: [imeile e sirelelitsoe]
Selelekela
Tšebeliso ea inthanete e eketsehile haholo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Lintlha tse tsoang China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) ho tloha ka June 30, 2010 e bontšitse hore batho ba limilione tse 420 ba ea marang-rang, 58.0% eo pakeng tsa 10-29 ea lilemo li [1]. Palo e ntseng e phahama ea basebelisi ba inthanete e bakile hore palo e eketsehang ea palo ea baahi e hlaseloe ke ts'ebeliso e mpe ea seaplane, eo joale e seng e bitsoa boloetse ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi (Internet). IAD e fetohile bothata bo tebileng ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello eseng Chaena feela, ho bonahala e le bothata bo tloaelehileng bo bonahetseng lefats'eng ka bophara mme bo tšoaneloa ke ho kenyeletsoa DSM-V [2], [3]. Jeremane, 9.3% e tlalehile phello e le 'ngoe e mpe ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang, haholo-holo ho hlokomoloha mesebetsi ea boithabiso le mathata a lelapa / molekane, mosebetsi kapa thuto, le bophelo bo botle. [4]. Chou le Hsiao ba tlalehile hore tekanyo ea litheko tsa inthanete ho baithuti ba kolecheng ea Taiwan ke 5.9% [5]. Ntle le moo, Wu le Zhu ba tlalehile hore 10.6% ea baithuti ba koleche ea China ba le bothata ba bokhoba ba marang-rang [6]. Korea Boroa e nka bokhoba ba marang-rang e le e 'ngoe ea litaba tsa bophelo ba sechaba tse tebileng [2].
Ho utloisisa IAD ho bohlokoa ka lebaka la ho tloaelana le eona le mafu a mang a mafu a kelello, joalo ka boits'oaro ba methapo ea methapo le khatello ea maikutlo [7]. Ho tlalehiloe hore tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea inthanete e ka etsa hore motho a be le khatello e matla kelellong [8], mohlomong ho fella ka basebelisi ba marang-rang ba nang le mathata a bophelo bo botle [9], [10]. Boithuto bo 'maloa bo re lebaka le tlasa kelello la ho lemalla joala ka marang-rang, ho kenyelletsa khatello ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho a sechaba le ho lemalla lintho tse ling [11], [12]. Leha mathata a mekhoa a sitisitse matla a felletseng a lithuto tsena [13]. Lithuto tsa IAD (tseo hamorao li bitsoang li-IAD) hangata li bonts'a mekhoa e sa tloaelehang, e kang ho tšoenyeha, khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho itšehla thajana. Leha ho le joalo, ekaba ha ho hlakehe hore na lintlha tsena ke lingoloa tsa IAD kapa sequela tse tsoang IAD. Ebile, bafuputsi ba IAD hajoale ba tobane le bothata bona bo bakang khang.
Ho tloha ponong ea mafu a kelello a bongaka, boemo ba lithethefatsi tsa marang-rang bo ka kenyelletsa batho ba nang le lintlha tse latelang: khatello ea maikutlo, ho ferekana kelellong, khatello ea thobalano le bolutu. Morahan-Martin o pheha khang ea hore ho thata ho khetholla causality lipakeng tsa methapo ea methapo ea methapo le IAD, le hore tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete e ka ba letšoao la mafu a mang (mohlala, boitšoaro ba pathological) [14]. Mohlala oa boitsoaro ho IAD o bonts'a hore psychopathology ke sesosa sa bohloka sa matšoao a IAD (ke hore, psychopathology e tlameha ebe e teng kapa e tlameha ebe e etsahetse hore matšoao a IAD a etsahale) [15]. Armstrong et al. o ithutile ho hloka matla le boitšepo e le mehato ea bokhoba ba tahi, ho bonts'a hore ho itšepa ho ne ho le betere, empa eseng ponelopele, ea ho lemalla inthanete [16],. Thatcher le Goolam ba pheha khang ea hore lihlopha tse kotsing e kholo li amahanya nako ea tsona e fanoeng inthaneteng ka thabo le boipuso [17].
Marang-rang a lumella motho hore a lokolle botho ba hae mme a thehe motho ea ka 'nang a fapana haholo le' nete [10], [18]. Boipiletso ba seaplane bo ka bakoa ke taba ea hore mathata a bophelo a ka itšehla thajana, mme liteko tsa maikutlo a fetotsoeng lia khonahala (mohlala, kaho ea motho ea loketseng). Batho ba nang le boitšepo bo tlase ba amahanngoa le lihora tse eketsehileng tsa ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang, mohlomong e le mokhoa oa ho baleha. Shapira et al. lumela hore IAD ke "ho se khone ho laola tšebeliso ea Marang-rang, e leng se lebisang ho maikutlo a khatello ea maikutlo le ho holofala ha mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi" [7].
Lithuto tsena kaofela li fana ka tlhaiso-leseling ea bohlokoa ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa IAD. Ba batlisitse boemo ba kelello ba batho ba nang le bothata ba bokhoba ba tahi. Leha ho le joalo, ho thata ho tseba sesosa se teng lipakeng tsa mathata a amanang le mafu le IAD. Mohlala, ke efe ea lintlha tsee e leng selelekela sa bokhoba ba tahi kapa e bakoang ke bokhoba ba tahi? Ka lehlakoreng le leng, batho ba bonts'ang bothata bo itseng ba ts'oaetso ba ne ba tsebahala hore ba lemalla Inthanete habonolo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, IAD e ka fetola boemo ba kelello ba motho, 'me ka lebaka leo, ea hlahisa mofuta o itseng oa bokuli ba mafu. Boithuto bo holimo ha bo khone ho hlalosa bothata bona ka ho hlaka. Kahoo, thuto ea longitude e ile ea etsoa ho tseba kamano ea lisosa.
Thutong ea hona joale, re sebelisitse mekhoa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa longitude ho tseba mathata a IAD, hammoho le ho hlahloba boemo ba kelello ba ho lemalla tahi ea IAD, ho kenyelletsa le mekhoa e ka fokolisang IAD. Lintlha tse tsoang ho Syndromeom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) li fumanoe lithutong tsa 59 pele le kamora ho hlokofatsoa ha bona ke IAD. Ho lumeloa hore papiso ea data ha e bapisoa le IAD, ts'ebeliso e tloaelehileng ea batho ba Machaena, le data e bokelletsoeng kamora IAD e kanna ea tlisa leseli le sebetsang ka taba ena.
mekhoa
Lenane la Cheketso ea Matšoao SCL-90
SCL-90 [19] ke sesebelisoa sa tekanyo ea khatello ea maikutlo le likarolo tse itseng tsa psychopathology. E na le lipolelo tsa 90 tse hlalosang matšoao a mmele le a kelello. Lintlha li ile tsa botsoa ho bonts'a palo ea ba neng ba tšoenngoa ke matšoao ka beke e fetileng sethaleng sa 5-point Likert ho tloha "ho hang" (0) ho isa ho "fetisisa" (4). Ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea lintlha, Derogatis [19] o ne a nkile litlatsetso tse robong kapa litekanyo ho sesebelisoa seo a se bitsang somatisation (SOM), obsessive-activive (OC), sensitivity (INT), khatello ea maikutlo (DEP), matšoenyeho (ANX), lehloeo (HOS), matšoenyeho a phobic (PHOB) , paranoid ideation (PAR), psychoticism (PSY), le lintho tse ling (ADD). Lintlha tse phahameng ka tekanyo e itseng li bontša polelo e phahameng ea mahlomola a tšoanang. Mofuta oa China oa SCL-90, joalo ka ha o ile oa fetoloa le ho lekoa ke Wang [20] mme e ne e sebelisoa haholo lipatlisisong le mehatong ea bongaka China [21].
Teko ea Bacha ea Marang-rang ea Inthanete
Teko ea bacha ea inthaneteng ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi e na le lintho tse 20 tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete inthaneteng, ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebeliso ea kelello, ts'ebeliso e qobelloang, le ho hula, hammoho le mathata a amanang le ona a sekolo kapa mosebetsi, boroko, lelapa le taolo ea nako Bakeng sa ntho ka 'ngoe, karabo e khethiloeng e khethiloe ho tloha ho 1 = "Hangata" ho ea ho 5 = "Kamehla", kapa "Ha e sebetse". Batho ba fumane lintlha tse fetang 50 ho nahanoa hore ba na le mathata a linako tse ling kapa khafetsa ka lebaka la Marang-rang. Batho ba fumane lintlha tse fetang 80 ho nahanoa hore li baka mathata a maholo maphelong a bona [22]. Thutong ea hajoale, barupeluoa ba fupereng lintlha tse fetang 80 ba ne ba nkuoa e le bokhoba ba marang-rang.
Khetho ea Morupeluoa
Ka September 2008, liithuti tsa 2132 li-freshman li ile tsa lekoa li sebelisa SCL-90. Lintlha li fumanoe ho tsoa ho 1024 (48%) oa basali le 1108 (52%) moithuti oa monna. Ka Loetse 2009, kaofela ha bona ba ile ba lekoa ke tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba inthanete ea Young ea inthanete. Ho laola nako ea ho nka karolo ea barupeluoa inthaneteng, baithuti ba ithutileng haholo ka software, tlhaiso-leseling ea khomphutha le likarolo tse ling tse amanang le tsona ha baa ka ba fuoa lipatlisiso. Ka tlhaloso ea Young [9], e leng Kakaretso ea baithuti ba 66 (12 femme) ba ahlotsoe e le litlolo tsa inthanete thutong ena.
E le ho tseba hore na liithuti tsena tsa 66 li ne li lemaletse marang-rang ha li sa tsoa kena univesithing (Sept. 2008), ho ile ha hlahlojoa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo-leseling ka litheko tsena tsa inthanete. Baithuti ba supileng ba lemaletseng ha baa ka ba qheleloa ka thoko hobane bao ba kenang sekolo le bona kapa barupeli ba tlaleha hore ba ne ba tseba Inthanete ha ba kena univesithing. Sena ke ho netefatsa hore liphetoho tsohle li nkuoe selemong sa tsona sa pele lithutong. Baithuti ba bang ba 59 ba ne ba sa tloaela marang-rang e le freshmen; leha ho le joalo, selemo hamorao, ba ile ba fumanoa ba lemaletse marang-rang. Hape, maemo a kelello a li-IADs tsena tsa 59 a ile a metoa ka SCL-90 (Loetse 2009). Teko ea pele ea SCL-90 e hlophisitsoe ke univesithi (Ke leano la univesithi ho tseba boits'oaro ba baithuti bohle ha ba kena univesithi). Kahoo, ha ho liforomo tsa tumello tse nang le tsebo tse saennoeng. Lekhetlong la bobeli, sehlooho ka seng se saenetse foromo ea tumello e nang le tsebo bakeng sa thuto. Tsamaiso ea lipatlisiso e ne e le ho latela molao-motheo oa boits'oaro oa Phatlalatso ea 1964 ea Helsinki (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bongaka). Boto ea tlhahlobo ea setheo ea Univesithi e Tloaelehileng ea Zhejiang e amohetse ts'ebetso ea lipatlisiso.
Results
Liteko tsa mofuta o le mong li ile tsa etsoa har'a batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba 59 le tloaelo ea batho ba China. Ka mor'a moo, ho ile ha etsoa liteko tsa sampuli tsa paired-pakati pakeng tsa data ea SCL-90 e bokelitsoeng ho 2008 le 2009 ho tsoa ho baithuti bana ba 59. Lethathamo 1 e bonts'a mekhoa le litlolo tse tloaelehileng tsa data ea SCL-90 e bokelletsoeng ho 2008 le 2009, le litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa batho ba China. Litšobotsi tsa bophahamo ka leng li bonts'itsoe Setšoantšo sa 1.
Setšoantšo sa 1. Ho bolela litekanyo tse ngata tsa SCL-90 ka lihlopha tse fapaneng.
Sebopeho se bonts'a litšobotsi tsa boholo bo fapaneng ka mehato e fapaneng. Ho tsoa palo ena, re ka bona hore INT, DEP, ANX, HOS le PSY li ile tsa fetoha ka mokhoa o bohale lipakeng tsa data e bokelletsoeng ho 2008 le 2009. Leha ho le joalo, SOM, OC, le PHOB li bontšitse liphetoho tse nyane.
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0014703.g001
Tafole 1. Ho bolela litekanyo tse ngata tsa SCL-90 ka lihlopha tse fapaneng.
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0014703.t001
Ha ho bapisoa, ke OC feela liphethong tsa SCL-90 (2008) e bonts'itseng sekhahla se phahameng haholo ha se bapisoa le tloaelo (Lethathamo 2). Phapang e kholo e fumanoe maemong a OC, DEP, ANX, le HOS ha sephetho sa SCL-90 (2009) le moelelo li bapisoa. Liphetho ho SCL-90 (2009) li bonts'itse lintlha tse kholo le tse ntseng li eketseha bakeng sa INT, DEP, ANX, HOS, le PSY, ha li bapisoa le liphetho tsa SCL-90 (2008) (Lethathamo 2).
Tafole 2. Lipapiso li bapisoa le mefuta e fapaneng ea data.
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0014703.t002
Puisano
Maemo a kelello pele ho temallo
Ho ipapisitsoe le papiso, re fumana hore bongata ba liithuti tsa 59 li ne li le tlase ho feta tse tloaelehileng ho boholo ba boholo ba SCL-90 pele ho ts'oaetso ea bona. Ke feela sekhahla sa OC (se bonoang-se qobellang) boholo ba li-IADs se neng se phahame haholo ho feta Norm. Sephetho se bontša hore batho ba bonts'itse mekhoa e mengata ea boits'oaro ba OC pele ba lemalla ho sebelisa inthanete. Ebile, ts'ebeliso ea tlhekefetso hangata e hlalosoa e le lefu la boko le bonahatsang joalo ka boits'oaro bo qobelloang, kapa tšebeliso e tsitsitseng le e tsoelang pele ea ntho kapa boits'oaro leha mosebelisi a nka hore e kotsi. [23]. Sephetho sena se tsamaellana le boithuto ba Shapria ba hore hangata li-IAD li bonahatsa boits'oaro bo tlamang [7]. Lithuto ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ntho e itseng [24] le koae [25] tlhekefetso e boetse e bonts'a boitšoaro ba OC. Ka hona, kamano pakeng tsa OC le IAD e tiisitsoe habonolo.
Ha Batho ba Lemalla Inthanete
Mehopolo ea hona joale ea li-IAD e ka hlahlojoa ka ho bapisa IAD09 le tloaelehileng. Liphetho li bonts'a hore lintlha tsa OC, DEP, ANX, le HOS ho IAD li ne li phahame haholo ho feta tse tloaelehileng, li fana ka maikutlo a hore baithuti ba nang le IAD ka tsela e tšoanang hona joale ba na le mathata a boletsoeng ka holimo a pathological. Bakeng sa SOM, INT, PHOB, PAR, PSY, le ADD, liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore IAD ha e amanang le likarolo tsena. Mkhabareng, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho e ne e le mefuta ea mathata a pathological a amanang le IAD lithutong tse fetileng [14], [16]. Boithuto ba hona joale bo tšehetsa liphetho tse amanang mabapi le DEP le ANX. Lithuto tse fetileng le tsona li fumane hore bora bo amahanngoa le bokhoba ba marang-rang ho banna [26]. Ho tlalehiloe bohanyetsi ho bolela esale pele mekhoa ea ho qoba ho baleha, le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse bakiloeng ke mekhoa e tsebahalang (mohlala, maemo a mabe a maikutlo le tsitsipano) [27]. Bakeng sa bacha, hangata lehloeo le phahameng le baka likhohlano pakeng tsa batho le ho khesoa. Kaha lintho li etsoa hore li se ke tsa fumaneha hanyane, Inthanete e ka fana ka lefats'e la ho itokolla khatellong ea lefats'e [28].
Lintlha tse hlahelletseng ho Liphetho tsa SCL-90 tse tsoang 2008 le 2009
Liphetho tsa papiso lipakeng tsa data e bokelletsoeng ho 2008 le 2009 li fana ka maemo a kelello ho tsena lithethefatsi tsa inthanete tsa 59 tse fetohileng nakong ea selemo. Lipalo tsa INT, DEP, ANX, HOS, le PSY li fetohile haholo selemong sena. Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsa SOM, OC, PHOB, le PAR ha lia ka tsa fetoha haholo, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore likarolo tsena ha li amana le IAD. Boithuto ba nakong e fetileng bo bonts'itse kotsi e hlahisoang ke IAD, e kang mathata a ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, ho tsepamisa mohopolo, le ho itšetleha ka litheko ho boleloa e le li-comorbidities [29], [30]. Kahoo, ha mathata a comorbid a sebetsoa haufi le IAD, liphetho tsa mokuli li ka ntlafatsoa haholo [31].
Precursor kapa Sequela
Likarolo tsa likarolo tsa SCL-90 lithutong tsa hona joale li ka aroloa ka mefuta e mene. Taba ea pele, SOM, PAR, le PHOB ha lia ka tsa fetoha haholo pele le kamora ts'ebeliso ea bona ea tahi, ho bolelang hore likarolo tsena e ne e se tsa pele kapa Sequela oa IAD. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, ba ne ba sa bontše kamano le IAD. Taba ea bobeli, lintlha tsa OC li ne li phahame haholo ho feta tloaelo pele IAD, ka hona, e ka nkuoa e le moetapele oa IAD. Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsa The OC ha lia fetoha haholo ho 2009, e ka 'nang ea ama ho ts'epahala ha mokhoa ona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore OC e kanna ea ba ponelopele ea IAD kaha e bontsitse sekhahla se phahameng pele e lemalla ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, kaha lintlha tsa OC ha lia ka tsa fetoha haholo ho 2009, boholo ba OC bo kanna ba se amanang le IAD. Kahoo, re ke ke ra phethela bonnete ba bonnete ba hore OC e ba 'moleli oa IAD.
Taba ea boraro, pele ho litokelo tsa bona tsa marang-rang, lintlha tsa DEP, ANX, le HOS bakeng sa baithuti ba nang le IAD li ne li le tlase ho feta ntho e tloaelehileng, ho bolelang hore ha ho na phoso e fumanoeng maemong ana. Ha e le hantle, litekanyo tsena li ka se khetholloe e le ba boletsoeng pele ba IAD. Aa hlohlelletsa bokhoba ba bona, litekanyo li bile le sepheo se phahameng, a bile a eketseha haholo, a fana ka maikutlo a hore DEP, ANX, le HOS e ne e le liphetho tsa IAD, eseng tse tlileng pele ho IAD. Ho fumana hona ho ka re thusa ho utloisisa hamolemo lipakeng tsa mathata a amanang le methapo le methapo ea kutlo [15], [17]. Tmofuta oa bone, o shebaneng le Int le PSY, o bonts'itse hore lintlha tsena li ne li tloaelehile pele ho ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Le ha lintlha tsa bona li ne li se bohlokoa kamanong le tloaelehang ha li bapisoa le data ea SCL-90 e bokelitsoeng ho 2009, ho hlokometsoe hore ba ile ba fetoha haholo ho 2009, joalo ka ha ho pakoa ke papiso pakeng tsa data ea SCL-90 e bokelitsoeng ho 2008 le 2009. Kahoo, re ka fihlela qeto ea hore palo e eketsehileng bakeng sa litekanyo tsa INT le PSY e ne e le liphetho tsa IAD.
Phuputso e kholo ea batho ba bangata e fuputse ba boletseng esale pele ka bokhoba ba marang-rang. Monate oa puisano [5], bohlasoa [32], le tlholisano le tšebelisano [33] e bile liphatlalatso tse netefalitsoeng tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang. Bongata ba lithuto tsena li hatelletse liphihlelo tsa ho sebelisa marang-rang le litšobotsi tsa motho mabapi le bokhoba ba marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, ke liphuputso tse fokolang feela tse ileng tsa pepesa ho hlaka ha eona ka litšoaetso tsa methapo. Liphetho tsa boithuto ba hona joale li ka ntšetsa pele kutloisiso ea rona mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa mafu a methapo le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete. Kahoo, kamano ea causal lipakeng tsa mathata a methapo ea kutlo le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete e lokela ho hlahlojoa haholoanyane ke lithuto tse tla ba teng.
Mefokolo le Mefokolo
Liphetho tsa boithuto ba hajoale li senotse liphuputso tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa ho matlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona mabapi le mathata a mafu a ho lemalla marang-rang, leha ho le joalo, ho na le meeli e mengata e lokelang ho tsotelloa. Taba ea mantlha, lipatlisiso tsena li nkile selemo. Selemong sena, ho etsahetse lintho tse ngata tse ka fetolang boemo ba kelello ba motho. Kahoo, ho thata ho etsa liqeto ka bonnete ba liperesente tsa 100 hore liphetoho tsena li amana le IAD. Taba ea bobeli, SCL-90 ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho lekanyetsa maemo a kelello bekeng e fetileng, leha ho le joalo, e ke ke ea tseba mokhoa oa ho fetoha nakong e telele. Patlisiso ena e bonts'a feela maemo a kelello a baithuti pele le kamora ho lemalla ho sebelisa marang-rang. Taba ea boraro, palo ea li-IAD e na le moeli (59), bankakarolo ba bangata ba lokela ho fumanoa ha ho khonahala lithutong tse tlang. Ea bone, re sebelisitse tloaelo empa eseng data e tsoang sehlopheng sa taolo e le boemo ba papiso. Lebaka ke hobane ho thata haholo ho etsa mofuputsi e mong ea pharalletseng joalo ka mohato oa pele thutong ea hajoale. Ho sebelisa mokhoa o tloaelehileng joalo ka papiso ho bohlokoa ebile ho bonolo.
Le ha ho na le mefokolo e mengata thutong ena, re ntse re lumela hore e bohlokoa. Taba ea mantlha, ho thata ho laola lintho tse fapaneng lithutong tse telele ho feta lithutong tsa liteko. Taba ea bobeli, thuto e teng hona joale e bonts'itse hore ho thata ho fumana sebatli se tsitsitseng bakeng sa IAD, se fapaneng le liphetho tsa thuto e fetileng. E ile ea holisa tsebo ea rona ka IAD.
Nahanisisa
Ka kakaretso, re ka fumana hore ha ho na li-Forecast tsa methapo e tiileng ea IAD. Leha OC e kanna ea nkuoa e le sekhahla se le seng, e ntse e le hore sepheo sena se ke ke sa phethoa ka botlalo. Ho fapana le moo, bothata ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi Inthaneteng bo ka tlisa mathata a ho batho ba nang le bothata bona, leha, sephetho se ntse se hloka tšehetso e eketsehileng ka lebaka la meeli ea moralo oa lipatlisiso thutong ea joale.
Menehelo ea Mongoli
Rea tsebahatsa merero ea liteko: GD. O entse liteko: GD HZ XZ. Hlahloba data: GD XZ. Li-reagents tse kentsoeng / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo: GD QL. Ngola pampiri: GD.
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