Front Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 8; 6: 69. Doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2015.00069. eCollection 2015.
Geisel O1, Panneck P1, Stickel A1, Schneider M1, Müller CA1.
inahaneloang
Phuputso ea hajoale mabapi le bokhoba ba inthanete (IA) e tlalehile sekhahla se phahameng sa ho ata ha IA le matšoao a comorbid a kelello ho basebelisi ba libaka tsa marang-rang (SNS) le lipapali tsa papali tsa inthanete. Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho khetholla basebelisi ba baholo ba papali ea leano la libapali tsa inthanete ka har'a SNS. Ka hona, re ile ra etsa boithuto ba ho etsa lipatlisiso ka marang-rang ho lekola maemo a sechaba, psychopathology, le sekhahla sa IA ho sampole ea libapali tsa batho ba baholo tsa marang-rang ke Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Lethathamo la Lethathamo la Matšoao-90-R (SCL-90-R), le Boleng ba Bophelo ba BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) ba WHO. Barupeluoa bohle ba ne ba thathamisitsoe e le libapali tsa "Combat Zone" ho SNS "Facebook." Mohlala ona, 16.2% ea bankakarolo ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse nang le IA le 19.5% ba phethileng litekanyetso tsa alexithymia. Ha re bapisa barupeluoa ba ithutoang le IA ntle le ntle le eona, sehlopha sa IA se ne se na le litaba tse ngata tse nang le alexithymia, se tlalehile matšoao a tepelletsang le ho feta, mme se bonts'a bophelo bo futsanehileng. Liphuputso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore lipapali tsa marang-rang li kanna tsa amahanngoa le mekhoa e mebe ea ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang. Ntle le moo, kamano lipakeng tsa IA, alexithymia, le matšoao a sithabetsang a fumanoe a hlokang ho hlakisoa ke lithuto tsa nako e tlang.
Selelekela
Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, palo ea basebelisi ba marang-rang lefatšeng ka bophara e eketsehile ho tloha ho batho ba 12.3 / 100 ho ea 32.8 (1). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ts'ebeliso ea libaka tseo ho thoeng ke liwebosaete tsa marang-rang (SNS) e eketsehile khafetsa lilemong tsa ho qetela. SNS haholo-holo e na le li-profiles tsa motho ka mong tse hokahaneng le tsa basebelisi ba bang ka elektroniki. Hajoale, SNS "Facebook" e emela e 'ngoe ea libaka tsa marang-rang tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa tse nang le basebelisi ba mafolofolo ba khoeli le khoeli ba 1 billion le> basebelisi ba letsatsi le letsatsi ba limilione tse 600 (2). Le ha ts'ebeliso ea SNS e le karolo ea mekhoa ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea batho ba bangata lefats'e ka bophara esita le melemo bakeng sa bana le bacha (ke hore, ho ntlafatsa puisano, litsebo tsa bonono, kapa boiphihlelo) li tlalehiloe ke bangoli ba fokolang (3), hape e ka ba tšimo e le 'ngoe e nang le tšenyo e phahameng ea boitšoaro bo lematsang, ke ho re, temallo ea inthanete (IA) (4-6).
Poleloana e reng, “bokhoba ba marang-rang” e bolela boemo bo khetholloang ke ho se khone ho laola tšebeliso ea marang-rang, e leng se ka bakang mathata a bophelo, thuto, mosebetsi le mathata a lichelete (7). Hajoale, ha ho na tumellano ea hore na mekhoa ea IA ea ho khetholla e lokela ho hlalosoa joang 'me IA ha e so kenyelletsoe ho ICD-10 (8). Ho 2013, American Psychiatric Association (APA) e kenyelelitse "Internet lipapali tsa lipapali" (IGD) karolong ea III ea DSM-V (9), karolo e nehetsoeng maemo a hlokang lipatlisiso tse ling. Leha ho le joalo, IA ke sehlopha sa batho ba nang le mathata a mangata a ho bapatsa ka lipapali tsa marang-rang (mohlala, marang-rang a batho ba bang, ho romellana melaetsa, mesebetsi ea thobalano pele ho thobalano) (7, 10) le lithulusi tsa tlhahlobo ea ho hlahloba IA ka nepo li ntse li haella.
Ho hlahisitsoe lipotso tse 'maloa tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho hlalosa tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang - mohlala, tlhahlobo ea Inthanete ea Bacha ba Inthanete (IAT) (7). Ho hlahloba li-subtypes tse fapaneng tsa IA, lipotso tsa mefuta e meng ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le tsona li se li hlahisitsoe (11).
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, likopo tse ngata tsa lipapali tsa inthanete tse etselitsoeng tšebeliso ea SNS li lokollotsoe. Ho tsebo ea rona, lipatlisiso ka palo ea batho ba sebelisang lipapali tseo khafetsa li haella ebile seo ba se fumaneng ha se lumellane. Patlisiso ho basebelisi ba SNS le libapali tsa inthanete li fane ka litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa IA. Smahel le basebetsi-mmoho ba tlaleha hore ka 40% ea basebelisi ba bangata ba bapalang papali ea papali ea li-inthanete (li-MMORPGs) ba ikhethile e le "lekhoba la papali" (12). Ho fapana le hoo, patlisiso e entsoeng ho baithuti ba koleche ba sebelisang SNS e fumane hore e mong oa barupeluoa ba neng ba nkile karolo thutong o ile a tlaleha mathata khafetsa bophelong ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea "Facebook" (6).
IA e boetse e tlalehiloe hore hangata e tsamaisana le matšoao a mang a kelello le mathata a bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi bo sebetsang (7). Boithuto bo bong bo tlalehile tekanyo e phahameng ea matšoao a nyahamisang lithutong tsa IA (13-15), athe lihlopha tse ling tsa lipatlisiso li sitiloe ho fumana kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang le khatello ea maikutlo (16).
Ntle le khatello ea maikutlo, mohopolo oa alexithymia o ka sebetsa mabapi le nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea IA. Ho latela Nemiah et al., Batho ba nang le alexithymic ba na le bothata ba ho khetholla le ho hlalosa maikutlo a bona, ho thata ho khetholla pakeng tsa maikutlo le 'mele o hlahisoang ke ho tsosa maikutlo, le ho bonts'a monahano o tsoang kantle ho naha (17). Ho boleloa hore Alexithymia e atile har'a batho ba nang le bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (18) mme e ka eketsa kotsi bakeng sa IA (19). De Berardis le basebetsi-mmoho ba fumane hore batho ba nang le alexithymic ka har'a sampole eo e seng ea bongaka ea baithuti ba kolecheng ba fumane lengolo le phahameng ba tlalehetse ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ea inthanete mme ba bonts'a likolo tse phahameng ho IAT. Ha ho bapisoa le batho bao e seng li-alexithymic, haholo li-alexithymics tse ileng tsa phethahatsa mekhoa ea IA thutong ea bona (24.2% alexithymics vs 3.2% non-alexithymics). Ho feta moo, patlisiso ea morao tjena e fumane hore botebo ba IA bo ne bo amana hantle le alexithymia molemong oa baithuti ba koleche ea Turkey (20). Hape, Scimeca et al. ha fumaneha hore ho na le khokahano lipakeng tsa alexithymia le IA, le hore alexithymia e bile e tšoaneleha ho ba bolepi ba lintlha tsa IA (21). Tumellanong le lipatlisiso tseo, Kandri et al. (22), ea nkileng litaba tsa sechaba le litaba tsa maikutlo a basebelisi ba marang-rang, o fumane hore alexithymia le tšebeliso e feteletseng ea inthanete li amana ka kotloloho.
Boithuto ba rona bo etselitsoe ho supa sehlopha sa libapali tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang mabapi le li-variodemographic variants, psychopathology le sekhahla sa IA. Re behile mohlala ho basebelisi ba papali ea "Combat Zone" e fanoang ke webosaete eo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho eona "Facebook."
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
Re ikopanye le mofani oa papali ea "Facebook" ho hira batho ba baholo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea inthanete. Bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo thutong ena ba thathamisitsoe ho libapali tsa "Combat Zone" ho "Facebook" mme ba fumane memo ea ho nka karolo thutong ea rona ka "Facebook." "Combat Zone" ke papali ea maano a libapali tse ngata e ka bapaloang ha feela re kenngoe ho "Facebook" . "Lintlha tsa akhaonto ea" karolo "li sebelisoa ho theha avatar e khonang ho ts'oaroa ke sesole. Libapali li reka kapa li rekisa sebaka, li etsa lilekane, kapa li loane le lira ka ho khetha likhetho tse lokiselitsoeng ke mofani oa tsona. Ha ho lits'oants'o tse ikhethang tse sebelisoang 'me papali e reretsoe ho bapaloa butle, ha o ntse o buisana le basebelisi ba bang ho "Facebook" (23).
Hang ha barupeluoa ba se ba hokahane le sebaka sa rona sa marang-rang, ba ile ba fumana leseli ho bafuputsi, sepheo sa thuto le litaelo tse hlakileng tse hlahang lipampiring tsa lipotso le tokelo ea bona ea ho itokolla thutong ka nako efe kapa efe. Barupeluoa ba ile ba kopuoa ho amohela memo ea ho phethela tlhahlobo ea inthanete. Kamora ho fumana tumello ena e fumanehang inthaneteng, barupeluoa ba ne ba ka qeta tlhahlobo nako efe kapa efe kapa ba itokolla thutong nakong efe kapa efe ea nako. Lipampiri tsa lipotso li ne li sa tsejoe ka thata mme ho ne ho se na tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le hore na karolo ea barupeluoa e ne e bokelloa. Baithuto ba qetileng tlhahlobo ba fumane phaello ka sebopeho sa seboni sa papali ho tsoa ho mofani oa thepa. Bakeng sa ho kenyelletsoa thutong ena, barupeluoa ba ne ba tlameha ho ba baholo ho feta lilemo tsa 18 mme ba tlameha ho sebelisa akhaonto ea bona ea SNS khafetsa (ke hore, tšebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa bonyane ba 1 h nakong ea likhoeli tsa 3 tsa ho qetela). Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke komiti ea boitšoaro ea lehae mme e latela melao-motheo ea Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Ho fumanoe tumello e fumanoeng ho tsoa ho bohle ba nkileng karolo e boletsoeng ka holimo.
Mehato ea rona e ne e e-na le IAT, sesebelisoa se netefalitsoeng sa ho sebelisa marang-rang ka bothata (7, 24). Lipotso tsa eona tsa 20 li lekola hore na ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e ama mekhoa efe ea letsatsi le letsatsi, bophelo ba sechaba, mosebetsi, boroko, kapa maikutlo mme e lekantsoe ka sekhahla sa maqhubu a 6 le ho akaretsoa. Ho latela lithuto tse fetileng (15, 25, 26), palo ea IAT ea ≥50 e hlalositsoe e le IA.
Ho feta moo, re sebelisitse Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26) (27), e ileng ea ntlafatsoa e le lipotso tse ikhethileng tsa tlhahlobo ea ho lekanya alexithymia. E na le lintho tsa 26 tse lekantsoeng sekaleng sa 5-point Likert mme e fella ka likala tse tharo: (1) bothata ba ho khetholla maikutlo, (2) bothata ba ho hlalosa maikutlo, le (3) monahano o kahare. Sekala sena se akaretsoa ho fihlela palo yohle. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) (28) le lenane la tlhahlobo ea matšoao ea SCL-90-R (29) li sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba matšoao a nyahamisang le a mang a kelello. BDI-II ke potso ea lipotso tsa 21 'me e sebelisetsoa ho lekola ho teba ha matšoao a sithabetsang. Matšoao a kelello le a mmele a ho tepella maikutlong a lekantsoe sekaleng sa 0-3 mme a khutsufatsoe. SCL-90-R e na le lintho tsa 90 tse lekantsoeng molemong oa lintlha tsa 5 ho tloha "ho hang" ho ea ho "haholo." Lintho tsena li fana ka likarolo tse robong (ho khetholla, menahano e qobellang-ho qobella, maikutlo a motho, ho teneha, ho tšoenyeha , khatello, ho tšoenyeha ka phobic, ho ts'oaroa ha paranoid, le boitšoaro ba kelello) le index e akaretsang ea ho teba ho tebileng (GSI), e bonts'ang khatello ea kelello e akaretsang. Liphetho tsa SCL-90-R li fanoe T boleng, boleng ba ≥60 bo nkuoa e le karolelano ea holimo (bolela = 50, SD = 10).
Kamora nako, boleng ba bophelo ba bankakarolo bo ile ba hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa mofuta o mokhuts'oane oa "World Health Organisation Quality of Life Measurement" (WHOQOL-BREF) (30). Lintho tse mashome a mabeli a metso e tšeletseng li lekantsoe ka tekanyo ho tloha 1 ho 5. Marena a mane a lipalo a na le maemo a 'mele, a kelello, a kahisano le tikoloho a ka bonts'a likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo. The lintlha li fetoloa sekaleng ho tloha 0 ho 100 ka lintlha tse phahameng tse bonts'a boleng bo phahameng ba bophelo.
Lipatlisiso tsa Statistical
Liphetho li hlahisoa e le tsa mean SD. Teko ea Kolmogorov-Smirnov e sebelisitsoe ho lekola ho ajoa ho tloaelehileng. Ka lebaka la kabo e seng ea tlhaho feela lipalopalo tse seng tsa maemo a mangata li sebelisitsoe; Phapang pakeng tsa barupeluoa ba nang le IA ntle le IA e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Mann-Whitney U tlhatlhobo. Li-coefficients tsa boemo ba boemo ba maemo (Spearman's ρ) li ne li balelloa litaba tsa litaba tsa sechaba le tsa bongaka. Boemo bo khethiloeng ba bohlokoa e ne e le p <0.05. Liphuputso tsa lipalo-palo li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa mofuta oa 19 oa IBM SPSS Statistics (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results
Lihlooho
Lithuto tse makholo a mahlano le mashome a mabeli a metso e robeli li hokahane le webosaete ea rona. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa 158 li ile tsa tlameha ho qheleloa ka thoko thutong ka lebaka la tlhaiso le / kapa data e sa lumellaneng. Kahoo, lithuto tsa basali tsa 356 le 14 li kenyelelitsoe ho tlhahlobo ea ho qetela (n = 370, 70.1%). Litšobotsi tsa sechaba le lipatlisiso tsa sechaba li thathamisitsoe litafoleng 1 'me 2.
Tafole 1. Litšobotsi tsa sechaba le sechaba tsa sehlopha sa thuto I.
Tafole 2. Litšobotsi tsa sechaba le thuto tsa sehlopha.
Tlhahlobisong ea data ea IAT, 16.2% ea bankakarolo (n = 60) li ne li arotsoe ka lithuto tsa IA (kakaretso ≥50). Ho feta moo, 13.3% ea bankakarolo bona (n = 8) o ne a e-na le mathata a tebileng a tšebeliso ea inthanete ho latela Young (kakaretso ≥80) (31). Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa 60 tse amanang le IA e neng e le basali.
Ho sebelisa palo e felisitsoeng ea 54 ho TAS-26 (27), 19.5% (n = 72) ea ba neng ba nkile karolo thutong ea rona ba ile ba phethahatsa mekhoa ea alexithymia.
Tlhahlobo ea data ea BDI-II e senotse hore 76.5% (n = 283) ea bankakarolo ba ne ba sena matšoao a sithabetsang kapa a fokolang haholo (lintlha <14), 10% (n = 37) e bonts'itse matšoao a bobebe (lintlha tsa 14-19), 7.0% (n = 26) e bontšitse matšoao a itekanetseng (lintlha tsa 20-28), le 6.5% (n = 24) e bontšitse matšoao a tebileng a khatello ea maikutlo (lintlha tsa 29-63).
SCL-90 GSI ha ea ka ea senola maemo a eketsehang a matšoao a kelello tlhahlobisong ea lithuto tsohle (bolela = 52.0, SD = 19.1). WHOQOL-BREF bakeng sa lithuto tsohle (n = 370) ha ea ka ea bontša bophelo bo fokotsehileng (bophelo bo botle ba 'mele: bolela = 69.3, SD = 19.7; kelello: bolela = 70.1, SD = 20.8; likamano tsa sechaba: ho bolela = 62.8, SD = 23.8; tikoloho: ho bolela = 67.0, SD = 19.7).
Botebo ba IA bo ne bo amana hantle le lintlha tsa SCL-90-R GSI (r = 0.136, p = 0.009). Hape, botebo ba IA bo ne bo amana hantle le lintlha tse akaretsang tsa BDI-II (r = 0.210, p = 0.000). Ho bile le khokahano e mpe lipakeng tsa ho teba ha lintlha tsa IA le WHOQOL-BREF (bophelo bo botle ba 'mele: r = -0.277, p = 0.000; kelello: r = -0.329, p = 0.000; likamano tsa sechaba: r = -0.257, p = 0.000, tikoloho: r = -0.198, p = 0.000).
Ho ile ha fumanoa khokahano e nepahetseng bakeng sa subscale ea TAS-26 ea subscale "monahano o tsoang kantle" le botebo ba IA (r = 0.114, p = 0.028).
Moelelo oa BMI mohlaleng oa rona e ne e le 28.7 kg / m2 (SD = 7.2). Linoko tse mashome a mararo a metso e tšeletseng tsa barupeluoa (n = 133) ho tlalehiloe hore e nonne haholo (BMI 25-29.99 kg / m2), 23% (n = 85) li ne li le sehlopha se feteletseng sa I (BMI 30-34.99 kg / m2), le 13% (n = 47) tlelase e feta ea II kapa III (BMI ≥35 kg / m2) (32). Liperesente tse mashome a mabeli a metso e tšeletseng tsa barupeluoa (n = 98) e tlalehile boima bo tloaelehileng ho boima bo bobebe (BMI 17-24.99 kg / m2), le 2% (n = 6) e tlalehile BMI <17 kg / m2, ho bonts'a tekano ho isa ho boima bo tlase. BMI e ne e amana hantle le lilemo tsa bankakarolo (r = 0.328, p = 0.000), empa ha ea ka ea hokahana le phapang efe kapa efe ea kliniki.
Papiso ea lihlooho tsa thuto le ntle le IA
Ho fumanoe phapang e kholo TAS-26, BDI-II, le lipotso tsa WHOQOL-BREF ha li bapisoa le litaba tsa IA (n = 60) le bankakarolo ntle le IA (n = 310, bona Lethathamo 3). Sehlopha sa IA se bile le lithuto tse ngata haholo le alexithymia (Z = -2.606, p = 0.009), ho tlalehiloe matšoao a nyahamisang haholo (Z = -2.438, p = 0.015), mme e bonts'itse boleng bo bobe ba bophelo (bophelo bo botle ba 'mele: Z = -4.455, p = 0.000; kelello: Z = -5.139, p = 0.000, likamano tsa sechaba: Z = -3.679, p = 0.000, tikoloho: Z = -2.561, p = 0.010). Ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo litšoanelehong tsa sechaba kapa semelo sa SCL-90-R lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena ka bobeli.
Tafole 3. Ho bapisa lithuto le ntle le IA.
Puisano
Phuputso e teng hona joale e fuputse litšobotsi tsa libapali tsa SNS ke lipotso tsa inthanete tse itlotsang marang-rang, tse shebaneng le sekhahla sa IA, alexithymia, le matšoao a mang a kelello. Mohlala ona, 16% ea bankakarolo ba fihletse palo e felisitsoeng ea 50 ho IAT, e emetse barupeluoa ba nang le mathata a nako le nako kapa khafetsa ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea inthanete (31). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, patlisiso e kholo ea inthanete ea Amerika le barupeluoa ba 17,251 e tlalehile ho ata ho tlase hoa IA hoo e ka bang 6% (33). Ehlile, kaha boholo ba sampole le moralo oa ho ithuta li fapana haholo, papiso e tobileng e bohlokoa feela. Leha ho le joalo, tumellanong le seo re se fumaneng, patlisiso e sa tsoa etsoa ho baithuti ba univesithi ea Turkey ba sebelisang SNS e tlalehile hore 12.2% ea bankakarolo e ne e nkuoe e le "lekhoba la inthanete" kapa "e le kotsing e kholo ea ho lemalla" ho latela Internet Addiction Scale (IAS) (20). Phuputso e mabapi le ho ata ha IA ho basebelisi ba li-MMORPG e senotse le litheko tse phahameng tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete hara sechaba sena. Phuputsong e sa tsoa etsoa, 44.2 le 32.6% ea sampuli ea basebelisi ba li-MMROPG li arotsoe ka lithuto tsa IA joalo ka ha ho hlahlojoa ke Goldberg Internet Addiction Disorder wadogo (GIAD) le Orman Internet Stress Scale (ISS), ka ho latellana (34). Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, litekanyetso tsa ho ata tse fumanoang lithutong tsena li ne li fapana haholo, mohlomong li amana le lihlopha tsa lilemo tse fapaneng, li-subtypes tsa basebelisi ba inthanete mme haholo-holo lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo ea ho hlahloba IA.
Karolo e nyane haholo ea basali ba 3.8% mohlaleng oa rona e kanna ea hlaha ka lebaka la kopo e khethiloeng. Ho latela mofani oa "Combat Zone," ho bolela hore liperesente tsa libapali tsa basali li ne li le haufi le 4% lilemong tsa 2 tse fetileng. Taba ea hore ha ho le ea mong oa libapali tsa basali ea arotsoeng ka mokhoa oa sehlooho ka IA ketsahalo e makatsang, e seng e hlokometsoe lithutong tse fetileng; mohlomong, libapali tsa banna li ka hlaseleha habonolo ho IA (35).
Liphetho tsa rona li tsamaisana le litlaleho tsa pejana tsa kamano pakeng tsa alexithymia le IA (18, 19), empa re fuputse sehlopha se ikhethileng sa tšebeliso ea inthanete. Ho ne ho na le sekhahla se phahameng haholo sa alexithymia lithutong le IA ha se bapisoa le barupeluoa bao ntle le IA (31.7 vs. 17.1%). Botebo ba IA bo ne bo lumellana hantle le subsidale ea "monahano o ka ntle" oa TAS-26. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho sa hlaka hore na alexithymia e rerile pele IA. Motho a ka nahana hore batho ba nang le alexithymic ba tloaetse ho sebelisa marang-rang haholo ka lebaka la boitšepo bo tlase (36) le monyetla oa ho qoba litšebelisano tsa 'nete ”sechabeng, joalo ka ha ho khothaletsoe pele (19).
Boithuto ba hajoale bo boetse bo tiisa sephetho sa lipatlisiso tsa pejana tse hokahanyang ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete le maemo a phahameng a khatello ea maikutlo (14, 15, 20, 37). Khopolo e 'ngoe e ka ba hore bakuli ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo ba ka leka ho fokotsa matšoao a fapaneng ka ho sebelisa lipapali tsa marang-rang tse ngata haholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e kanna ea tsosa matšoao a sithabetsang (38). Ka hona, lithuto tsa bokamoso lia hlokahala ho hlakisa kamano e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa IA le khatello ea maikutlo.
Hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela hore batho ba ka bang bararo ho ba bane ba neng ba nkile karolo ba ne ba le motenya kapa ba batenya haholo. Leha ho le joalo, botenya / botena bo feteletseng bo ne bo sa amane le phapang ea bongaka thutong ena. Kahoo, lipatlisiso tsena li hloka ho hlahlojoa lithutong tse ling.
Liphetho tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore bakuli ba nang le IA ba lokela ho hlahlojoa ka hloko bakeng sa li-comorbidities tse joalo ka mathata a khatello ea maikutlo, alexithymia le mathata a ho ja. Mabapi le kalafo ea IA, kalafo ea kelello e hlasimolohileng e ka emela mokhoa o ts'episang oa kalafo (36).
Meeli e 'maloa ea thuto ena e thibela ho hlalosoa ha liphetho. Taba ea pele, kabo ea bong e ne e se na botsitso lithutong tsa morao-rao. Taba ea bobeli, mohlala oa rona o nkuoe ho ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe ea "Facebook" feela ka hona ha e emele mefuta eohle ea basebelisi ba marang-rang, e fokotsang bonnete ba sephetho. Ntle le moo, sampole ea thuto ena e ne e le nyane haholo ho fihlela liqeto tse hlakileng. Ntle le moo, mehato ea ho itlaleha e sebelisitsoeng e ka qhekelloa ka leeme, joalo ka ha ho bonoa tekanyo ea lintlha tse kathoko. Puisano ea tliliniki e nang le data e eketsehileng e tsoang ho bafani ba kantle ba joalo ka litho tsa lelapa e kanna ea fana ka data e tšepahalang haholoanyane. Kamora nako, khaello ea lisebelisoa tse tleleniki tsa bongaka ho hlahloba IA e kanna ea ba le tšusumetso ea lipatlisiso.
fihlela qeto e
Re fumane hore hoo e ka bang sebapali se le seng ho tse tšeletseng tsa SNS se fihletse litekanyetso tsa IA mohlaleng oa rona. Ha ho bapisoa barupeluoa ba thuto le IA ntle le IA, sehlopha sa IA se ne se na le lithuto tse ngata le alexithymia, se tlaleha matšoao a sithabetsang mme se bonts'a boleng bo bobe ba bophelo. Liphumano tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore lipapali tsa marang-rang tsa batho ba bang le tsona li ka amahanngoa le mekhoa e mebe ea tšebeliso ea inthanete. Ho feta moo, kamano e pakeng tsa IA, alexithymia, le matšoao a sithabetsang e fumanoe e hlokang ho hlakisoa ke lithuto tsa nako e tlang.
Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso
Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.
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Mantsoe a bohlokoa: Bokhoba ba marang-rang, bothata ba tšebeliso ea marang-rang, ho lemalla boitšoaro bo botle, libaka tsa marang-rang, lipapali tse bapaloang marang-rang, alexithymia
Caring: Geisel O, Panneck P, Stickel A, Schneider M le Müller CA (2015) Litšobotsi tsa libapali tsa marang-rang tsa sechaba: liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea inthanete. Ka pele. Psychiki 6: 69. Doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2015.00069
E amohetsoe: 30 Januari 2015; E amohetsoe: 27 April 2015;
E phatlalalitsoe: 08 Phupu ea 2015
E hlophisitsoeng ke:
Rajshekhar Bipeta, Gandhi Medical College le Sepetlele, India
Hlahloba by:
Aviv M. Weinstein, Univesithi ea Ariel, Isiraele
Alka Anand Subramanyam, Koleji ea Bongaka ea Naha ea Topiwala le Sepetlele sa BYL Nair Charitable, India
Copyright: © 2015 Geisel, Panneck, Stickel, Schneider le Müller. Ena ke sengoloa se bulehileng se fihletsoeng ka tlase ho License ea Boikarabelo ba Creative Commons (CC BY). Ho sebelisoa, ho abeloa kapa ho hlahisa liforomo tse ling ho lumelloa, hafeela bangoli ba pele kapa ba le lengolo la tumello ba tlotlisoa le hore sengoliloeng sa pele sa makasine ena se boleloa, ho latela mokhoa o amohelehang oa thuto. Ha ho sebelisoe, ho abeloa kapa ho hlahisa ho lumelloa ho sa lumellaneng le melao ena.
* Litaba: Olga Geisel, Lefapha la Psychiatry, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Jeremane, [imeile e sirelelitsoe]
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