Ntlafatso ea Khokahano ea Inthaneteng le e sa Tšebelisano-'moho Thuto-taba ea ho Sebelisa Inthanete e Molemo: Khopolo le Bopaki ba Pele (2018)

. 2018; 9: 492.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2018 Apr 13. doi:  10.3389 / fpsyg.2018.00492

PMCID: PMC5908967

PMID: 29706910

Xiaoyan Lin,1,2,† Wenliang Su,1,3,*† 'me Marc N. Potenza4,5

inahaneloang

Marang-rang e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa maphelong a rona a letsatsi le letsatsi, 'me ho sebelisa Internet hantle ho bohlokoa ho batho ka bomong le sechabeng. Ho ipapisitsoe le lithuto tsa pejana, ho khothaletsoa ho kopantsoe Hypothesis ea inthaneteng le ea Offline ho fana ka maikutlo a moralo oa ho nka ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng le e leka-lekaneng ea inthanete. Integration Hypothesis e fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhoa e metle ea tšebeliso ea Marang-rang e ka fihlelleha ka ho kopanya ho kopaneng ha lefatše le batho ba fumanehang marang-rang. Ho kopantsoe khokahano ea inthanete / inthanete ho kopanya boits'oaro, likamano tsa batho, le ts'ebetso ea sechaba ka likarolo tse hlokolosi le tsa boits'oaro ka ho latela metheo ea puisano, phetiso, tumellano, le lintho "tse tlang pele" ka pele. Ho qala ho leka hypothesis mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa sekhahla sa ho kopanya le sephetho sa kelello, datha tsa thuto e teng hona joale li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa ho baithuti ba pele ba 626 (banna ba 41.5%). Barupeluoa ba qetile likala tsa ho hokahanya marang-rang le marang-rang, ho lemalla marang-rang, melemo le tšebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, bolutu, ho fetella le khotsofalo ea bophelo. Seo ba se fumaneng se senotse hore lithuto tse nang le karolo e phahameng ea ho hokahanya marang-rang / marang-rang li na le khotsofalo e phahameng ea bophelo, ho ba le maikutlo a mangata ka ho fetelletseng mabapi le inthanete le bolutu bo fokolang, ho lemalla Internet hampe le maikutlo a fokolang a fokolang a marang-rang. Khokahano e hokahanya khokahano lipakeng tsa sephetho se feteletseng le sepheo sa kelello, 'me e kanna ea ba moelelo o pakeng tsa "ruileng" le maikutlo a puseletso ea sechaba. Se boleloang ke tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea inthanete le e sa amaneng le marang-rang e tšohloa.

Keywords: khokahano ea khokahano, melao-motheo ea ho hokahanya, barui ba ruile haholo, puseletso ea sechaba, ho lemalla marang-rang, ho sebelisa mathata Inthaneteng, tšebeliso e ntle ea inthanete, Marang-rang le Offline Offline Scale

"...ho makatsang ke phetoho efe kapa efe ea theknoloji ke hore u hloka ho ea kantle ho marang-rang e le hore u fumane bohlale le kutloisiso ea maikutlo ho sebelisa bophelo ba hau ba inthaneteng hamolemo."

—Pico Iyer

Selelekela

Hore na inthanete e na le tšusumetso e ntle kapa e mpe ho batho ka bomong e bile taba e phehisanoang esale e sa le teng. Marang-rang a nkile karolo ea bohlokoa maphelong a batho, 'me moeli pakeng tsa Marang-rang le bophelo ba' nete li se li le lerootho; leha ho le joalo, ho na le ngongoreho e ntseng e hola hara tse ling mabapi le mathata ao e ka bang a ile a a hlahisa kapa a khothaletsa le ho hloka melaoana e hlakileng ea ts'ebeliso e ntle ea inthanete (; ; ). Liphuputso tse fetileng li hlahisitse li-hypotheses tse 'maloa (tse hlalositsoeng ka tlase) ho thusa ho hlalosa kamano lipakeng tsa lefats'e la inthanete le ntle le inthanete (; ; ).

Rich Get Richer Hypothesis

Rich Get Richer Hypothesis (2002) e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le maemo a holimo haholo kapa ba phutholohileng haholoanyane maemong a boiketlo ba nang le monyetla oa ho sebelisa marang-rang ba atolohe marang-rang a bona le ho ntlafatsa botsoalle ba bona (; ). Ho ea ka khopolo-taba ena, batho ba nang le tšebeliso e fetelletseng 'me ba se ba ntse ba e-na le tsebo e matla ea sechaba ba ka etsa hantle ho arolelana thabo ea bona le ho kopa thuso inthaneteng, ka ho etsa joalo ba fumana tšehetso e eketsehileng ea sechaba le khotsofalo ea bophelo bo phahameng ka ho sebelisa cyberpace (; ; ; ). Ho feta moo, libapali tsa lipapali tsa inthanete tse tlalehang katleho e kholo lefatšeng la 'nete li khona ho bapala lipapali tse kang World of Warcraft (WOW) ka tsela e phetseng hantle ho feta ea ba boneng liphoso tsa' nete (). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, "mafutsana a futsaneha" ho latela khopolo ena. Batho ba sa rutehang, ba nang le maemo a phahameng a matšoenyeho sechabeng, 'me ba na le boiphihlelo bo bobe sechabeng le boitšepo ba ka sebelisa monyetla oa ho sebelisa Inthanete ho baleha le ho qoba mathata bophelong ba nnete, mme sena se ka lebisa liphellong tse mpe ().

Motsoako oa Tlhabollo ea Sechaba

Ho fapana le hoo, Social Compensation Hypothesis (Poor Get Richer Hypothesis) e etsa tlhahiso ea hore batho ba nang le maemo a phahameng a matšoenyeho a bophelo kapa maemo a tlase a tšehetso ea sechaba ba sebelisang inthanete ba ka bontša boiketlo bo fetang ba ba nang le matšoenyeho a phahameng sechabeng empa ba sa sebelisa marang-rang (; ; , ). Ho ea ka tšebeliso ena, ho se tsejoe marang-rang ho fa batho maemo a phutholohileng a bophelo ka lebaka la monyetla o fokolang oa ho itlhalosa ka lebaka la khaello ea mekhoa e sa laoleheng (). Ntle le moo, marang-rang a ka fana ka menyetla e mengata ho batho ba bang ea ho fumana tšehetso ea sechaba, ho tseba boitsebiso ba bona le boitsebahatso ba bona sechabeng (), le ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea bona ea sechaba (), hammoho le monyetla o moholo oa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsana ka katleho le inthanete (). Ho phaella moo, e khothalelitse hore mesebetsi ea inthanete e na le molemo ho batho ka bomong ho theha maqhama a fokolang tsebong ea marang-rang, e ka ba molemo haholo ho ba itšepang ho ntlafatsa boiketlo ba bona empa e ka ba kotsi ho ba itšepang ho feta kaha e tla fokotsa menyetla ea bona ho boloka maqhama a bona a matla a kantle ho naha. Ka mantsoe a mang, “mafutsana a rua” 'me “barui ba futsaneha.”

Ho latela li-hypotheses tse ka holimo, ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e ka ba le litlamorao tse ntle kapa tse mpe ho latela liphapang tsa batho ka bomong. Kaha litlatsetso tsena ka bobeli li na le bopaki bo tšehetsang, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa lintlha tse amehang ho lekola hore na "barui ba rua haholo", "mafutsana a futsaneha," "mafutsana a rua haholo" le "barui ba futsaneha haholo."

Tlhatlhobo ea ho kopanya le marang-rang

Taba ea ho hokahanya marang-rang le marang-rang e qalile ka tlhahiso ea . Ka maikutlo a hae, ho ikopanya ho theha likhohlano, 'me ho kopanya marang-rang le ho phela ka inthanete ho ka lebisa nts'etsopele le nala. O boetse a hlakisa merero e tšeletseng ea khokahano mabapi le mokhoa oa ho hokahanya marang-rang le ho phela ntle le marang-rang (mohlala, "ho bolella metsoalle ea inthaneteng ka bophelo ba motho ea kantle ho inthanete" le "ho tlisa boitšoaro bo fumanehang marang-rang"). Pono ea ho kopanya e totobatsa ho lumellana le teka-tekano lipakeng tsa lefatše tsa marang-rang le tse se nang marang-rang; ka mantsoe a mang, ho phela lefatšeng le leholo le kopaneng ho ka ba molemo ho feta ho phela lefatšeng le le leng.

Le ha ho le joalo, pono ea kopanyo e hole haholo ho amoheloa ke batho ba rutehileng le ba fanang ka maikutlo a tlatsetso mabapi le tlhaiso-leseling, haholo-holo mabapi le ho phahamisa mekhoa e metle ea tšebeliso ea inthanete. Ka hona, buka e ngotsoeng ea letsoho ea morao-rao e ikemiselitse ho nts'etsapele Hypothesis ea inthanete le e seng molaong e ka tataisang ho hokahana ha cyber le lefatše la 'nete le ho khothaletsa mekhoa e metle ea tšebeliso ea inthanete.

Ho theha Hypothesis ea Marang-rang le Offline

Hobaneng libaka tsa marang-rang / tsa marang-rang li lokela ho kopanngoa? Semelo sa nalane

Khopolo-taba ea System e shebana le tokiso le likamano lipakeng tsa likarolo le hore na li ka sebetsa 'moho joang kaofela (). E 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse tsoang mohopolong oa "system" ke pono e akaretsang likamanong tsa marang-rang / tsa marang-rang. Molao-motheo o akaretsang oa kholiseho e akaretsitsoe khale ke Aristotle polelong ea hore, "kakaretso e felletse ka kakaretso ea likarolo tsa eona." Leha ho le joalo, ho hlakile hore kakaretso kaofela e ka ba kholo ho feta kakaretso ea likarolo tsa eona kapa ka tlase, ho latela tsela eo likarolo li hlophisitsoeng ka eona ebile li sebelisanang. Ponong e akaretsang ea lefatše, lefatše le bonoa e le karolo e kopaneng eseng karolo ea likarolo tse fapaneng.); ka hona, lefatše le marang-rang le marang-rang le lokela ho tšoaroa e le karolo e kopaneng. Haeba re sa khone ho amohela lihokelo tsa bona 'me re tsepamisa maikutlo ho e' ngoe ea tsona, ho ka ba le litlamorao tse sa rateheng.

Kutloisiso ea bobeli e tsoang mohlaleng oa tsamaiso ke bohlokoa ba ho theha ntlha le ts'ebelisano ea likarolo tsamaisong. Tlholisano e kanna ea etsahala ha ho se na lisebelisoa tse lekaneng bakeng sa ntho e ngoe le e ngoe hore e etsahale, e le hore ho hong ho ka etsahala ka litšenyehelo tsa ho hong (). Lefatše le fumanehang marang-rang le tse tsoang kantle ho marang-rang li ka nkuoa tlasa tlholisano ho isa tekanyong e itseng, hobane bobeli ba bona ba tlholisana bakeng sa ho tsetela nako le matla a batho. Haeba ho nka lintho tse tlang pele pele ho sa hlophisoe ka ho hlaka, mofuta ona oa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa o ka etsa hore ho be le tlholisano e matla ea tlholisano (). Tlholisano ea ho se sebetse hantle e ka hlahisa litholoana tse mpe, joalo ka likhohlano le ho se atlehe ho shebaneng mabapi le bokhoba ba inthanete (). Ts'ebetsong ea lefats'e ea inthanete / ea kantle ho marang-rang, ho bohlokoa hore bophelo bo kantle ho marang-rang bo lokela ho nka lintho tse tlang pele ha motho a hlolisana lisebelisoa tsa hae, ho bolelang hore re tlameha ho amohela litlhoko tsa bophelo ba rona ba 'nete. E le mokhoa o mong oa tlholisano, lefatše le marang-rang le sebetsang ntle le tšebeliso ea marang-rang li ka sebetsa 'moho bakeng sa lipheo tse arolelanoeng. Lefatše la inthanete le ka sebetsa joalo ka tšusumetso ho ntlafatsa le ho holisa bophelo ba batho ba nnete. Sistimi e nang le tšebetso ea tšebelisano-mmoho e kanna ea ba le melemo e mengata ha e qothisana le litsamaiso le tlholisano ea kahare (). Leha tšebelisano e kanna ea se ke ea fana ka litefiso tse ngata haholo bakeng sa likarolo ka bomong, tšebelisano-'moho e ka fella ka tefo e ntle haholo bakeng sa sistimi eohle (; ), e hlahisa melemo ea nako e tlang (). Ka hona, matla a tšebelisano-'moho a kopaneng har'a linaha tsa inthanete le tse kantle ho naha le ona a ka holisa nts'etsopele ea motho le ho ikamahanya le maemo nako e telele.

Qetellong, ho latela mohopolo oa "system", mokhoa oa ho kopanya o ka emela mokhoa o nepahetseng bakeng sa tlhophiso ea lefatše le marang-rang, le lebeletsoeng ho hlahisa melemo e mengata ea ho sebetsa hantle maemong a dijithale a hona joale.

Kakaretso ea "Online and Offline integrated integrated" Hypothesis

Re fana ka tlhahiso ea Hypothesis ea Marang-rang le Offline, e fanang ka maikutlo a hore tšebeliso e ntle ea tšebeliso ea inthanete e ka fihlelleha ka ho kopanya ho kopaneng ha batho ba lefatše le marang-rang lefatšeng le le leng le felletseng, ka mokhoa oa ho kopanya boitsebahatso ba inthaneteng le bo sa sebetseng ka marang-rang, likamano tsa batho, le ts'ebetso ea sechaba maemong a bonono le a boits'oaro.

Leha lefatše la cyber le lefatše la 'nete li fapana, re fana ka maikutlo a hore li lokela ho kopanngoa ka kutloano ho ba lefatše le le leng (bona Figure Figure1A1A). Hypothesis e fana ka maikutlo a hore boemo bo hloahloa bo kopanetsoeng bo ka bonts'a mokhoa o nepahetseng oa tšebeliso ea marang-rang mme bo lebise bophelong bo botle ba kelello le boiketlo. Boiteko ba ho qoba liphihlelo tsa 'nete tsa lefatše kapa ho hloea lefatše la' nete lefatšeng la inthanete bo ka hlahisa mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello le mathata a ho ikamahanya le maemo sechabeng.

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke fpsyg-09-00492-g001.jpg

Moemeli oa merero ea merero ea ho kopanya marang-rang / marang-rang. (A) Mehloli ea kopanyo; (B) Melao-motheo ea Kopano.

Seo o ka se Kopanyang: Mehloli e meraro ea ho hokahanya marang-rang / Offline

Leha maano a tšeletseng a kopantseng inthanete le a kantle ho naha a khothalelitsoeng ke ba hlahisitse temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le mokhoa oa ho boloka kutloano le bonngoe ba lefats'e la cyber le lefatše la 'nete, ba ne ba tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo holim'a domain name ea boitšoaro le boits'oaro bo amanang. Bohlokoa ba ho itsebahatsa le ho ikopanya mesebetsing ea sechaba le bona bo hlalositsoe (; ; ; ). Ka lebaka la lingoliloeng tse fetileng le semelo sa thuto, re fana ka maikutlo a hore ho nts'etsapele khokahano, motho o lokela ho shebana le boits'oaro ba lefatše, likamano tsa batho, le ho ikopanya hoa tšebetso ea setjhaba libakeng tse lemohileng le tsa boits'oaro.

Tlhahlobo ea Boitsebiso

Ho ikopanya le boits'oants'o ho hatisa tekatekano ea boits'epo molemong oa boits'oaro le ho boloka boits'oaro bo ipapisang le boits'oaro ka har'a marang-rang le marang-rang. Batho ba lokela ho bonts'a mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho itlhahloba le ho ikamohela lipakeng tsa lefatše tsa inthanete le tse se nang marang-rang, 'me ka tsela e tšoanang ba utloe liphoso tse nyarosang tsa ba bang. Ba boetse ba lokela ho hlahisa setšoantšo se ts'oanang sa botho le ho bonts'a mekhoa e ts'oanang ea boits'oaro lits'ebetsong tsa inthanete le tse kantle ho naha.

Boithuto bo fane ka bopaki bo bong ho tšehetsa mohopolo ona. Mohlala, lithuto li fana ka maikutlo a hore boithati ba inthanete le bo fumanehang kantle ho marang-rang () kapa ho itlhokofatsa le ho pholoha ho loketseng () e ka lebisa ho phelisong e ntle ea kelello le ho nka karolo haholo mesebetsing ea inthanete. Mohlala, libapali tsa inthanete tse nang le likotsi tse mpe tse amanang le lefatše la cyber li na le monyetla oa ho ba le matšoao a tebileng a lipapali tsa papali ea inthanete (). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, batho ba khonang ho itlhalosa ba inthaneteng ba fumane monyetla oa hore ba be le metsoalle e haufi ea inthaneteng ebile ba entse hore metsoalle ena e kene lefatšeng la 'nete (; ; ).

Khokahano ea Kamano e Kopaneng

Khokahano ea likamano e kenyelletsa puisano ea inthaneteng e le tlatsetso ho likamano tsa sefahleho sa 'nete le sefahleho le khetho ea puisano ea inthanete le metsoalle e tsebahalang le e seng mabitso khahlanong le batho ba sa tsejoeng. Batho ba lokela ho fetisetsa likamano lipakeng tsa lefats'e ka bobeli ka puisano e fumanehang marang-rang le batho ba tsebahalang (ba sa tsejoeng) le likopano le metsoalle ea inthaneteng bophelong ba nnete ho fihlela tlholisano e kholo ea lihlopha tsena tse peli. Ba ka boela ba tsebisa metsoalle e fumanehang kantle ho marang-rang ho tseba se etsahalang bophelong ba bona ba inthanete le ka linako tse ling.

Khokahano ea likamano tsa inthaneteng / ntle le marang-rang e ka hlahisa litholoana tse ntle. Mohlala, ho buisana le metsoalle e teng inthaneteng ho ka etsa hore setsoalle se phahame le ho ba le boiketlo, empa ho qoqa le batho bao u sa ba tsebeng ho ka se hlahise phello ena (, ; ). Ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete le metsoalle e tsejoang ea 'nete ho ka thusa libapali ho qoba ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete le ho ntlafatsa maphelo a bona a kantle ho marang-rang ka katleho le katleho ea bona inthaneteng (). Libapali tsena li kanna tsa ba le bolutu bo fokolang lefats'eng la marang-rang ho feta libapali tse sa bapalang le batho ba tsebahalang (). O hlalositse hore likamano li thata ho li boloka ka marang-rang a le mong ntle le haeba ho na le likhokahano tse ling joalo ka marang-rang a amanang le marang-rang le lintho tse ling tse tšoanang.

Khokahano ea Mosebetsi oa Sechaba

Ts'ebetso ea sechaba e kenyelletsa tšebelisano 'moho le batho ba tikolohong ea bona le ho phethahatsa likarolo tsa bona tikolohong (; ). Khokahano ea mesebetsi ea sechaba e bonts'a sepheo sa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ke ho sebeletsa mesebetsi ea sebele (mohlala, maemo a bophelo, sekolo, mosebetsi, kapa mesebetsi ea lelapa), le ho qoba ho bona sebaka sa marang-rang e le phonyohe ho mathata a bophelo ba nnete. Ho latela pono ea boits'oaro, mesebetsi ea inthanete e lokela ho amana haholo le thuto / mosebetsi / bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi mme e amoheloe ke ba bang ho potoloha motho (mohlala, litho tsa lelapa) joalo ka ho khothaletsa ts'ebetso ea nnete ea bophelo.

Litlamorao tsa marang-rang le likelello tsa batho ba fumanehang marang-rang li ipapisitse le tšebetso eo e e sebeletsang bakeng sa basebelisi (). Tloaelo e sebetsang kapa e nang le tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea Marang-rang e ka ba le phello e molemo boiketlong ba kelello ka ho ntlafatsa kopanyo ea sechaba (). Mohlala, lithuto li bontšitse hore ts'ebeliso e boima ea boithabiso ea inthanete e ne e amana le ts'ebetso e futsanehileng ea barutehi (), empa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea thuto e ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sekolo (). Ntle le moo, tšusumetso ea mesebetsi ea sechaba mesebetsing ea borutehi le ea mesebetsi e fetohile mohopolo oa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang (; ; ), ka liphumano tse bonts'a bohlokoa ba ho sebelisa marang-rang ho sebeletsa ts'ebetso ea sebele ho e-na le ho baleha ho eona.

Mokhoa oa ho kopanya: Melao-mene e mene ea ho hokahanya marang-rang / Offline

Re hlahisa melao-motheo e mene e akaretsang ea ho hokahanya ka marang-rang / Communication, Transfer, Cphaello, le Offline pele (CTCO) Melao-motheo. Melao-motheo ea CTCO e khothalletsoa ho ba mekhoa e meholo ea ho fihlella kopanyo ea inthanete / ntle le marang-rang (bona Figure Figure1B1B).

Molao-motheo oa Puisano

Puisano e emela ntlha e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa mabapi le likamano tsa intersystem (). Bakeng sa Integration Hypothesis, sena se bolela hore libaka tsa marang-rang le tse kantle ho marang-rang ha lia lokela ho aroloa ho lefatše tse peli tse ikarotseng, empa li lokela ho pateloa ka ho fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseling. Ho latela molao-motheo oa puisano, batho ba eletsoa hore ba hlahise lefatše la bona la inthanete (mohlala, maikutlo, liketso, le metsoalle) lefatšeng la bona le se nang botsitso, le ho fapana. Ho khona ho fapanyetsana leseli ka bolokolohi le pepenene lipakeng tsa lefats'e tse peli ke bohato ba pele ba ho fihlela kopanyo.

Puisano e thusa ho ntlafatsa kutlwisiso pakeng tsa lefatše le inthaneteng, ka hona e fokotsa phapang, e thusa ho ithuta ka bobeli, le ho khothaletsa tumellano ho sebetsa ka botlalo. Puisano e ka boetse ea thusa batho ho qala mekhoa e metle ea tšebeliso ea inthanete. Ho se be le mekhoa ea lekunutu ea tšebeliso ea Marang-rang ho ka khothaletsa tšebeliso e ntle le ho thibela ts'ebeliso e mpe.

Fetisetsa Molao-motheo

Motheong oa puisano lipakeng tsa lefats'e tse peli, batho ba ka atleha ho fihlela kopanyo ka phetisetso. Molao-motheo oa phetisetso o akaretsa khopolo ea hore lefatše le le leng (mohlala, marang-rang) e ka ba mohloli o mocha oa ntlafatso bakeng sa lefats'e le leng (mohlala, kantle ho marang-rang), mme ba ka ithuta ho le leng. Ka lebaka la likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e tse fumanehang marang-rang le tse se nang marang-rang, li ka fana ka sebaka se eketsehileng le menyetla ea hore motho a leke boitsebiso bo bocha, a hlahlobe bokhoni bo bocha, hape a tloaelane le metsoalle e mecha. Ha ho nts'etsopele kapa ho pharalla ho tloha lefats'eng le leng ho ea ho le leng, batho ka bomong ba ka fetisa mehopolo, menahano kapa tlhahisoleseling e ncha. Ka ho latela molao-motheo oa phetisetso, meeli lipakeng tsa lefats'e e ka fokola 'me ts'ebelisano ea bona ea matlafatsoa.

Molao-motheo oa Consistency

Leha likarolo tsa lefats'e tsa inthanete le tse kantle ho marang-rang li fapane, ho bohlokoa hore ho be le bonngoe pakeng tsa bona. Khokahano e joalo e ka kenyelletsa ho ts'oana ha boitsebahatso bo hlahisitsoeng, likhakanyo tse lekanang, le sepheo se tlatsetsang, hara lintlha tse ling. Ha boholo bo tšoanang bo hlahisoang lefatšeng ka bophara, bo ka ba bo felletseng bo felletseng hape bo sa feto-fetoheng bo ka fumaneha. Ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore ho tšoana ha maemo ha ho bolele, empa ke ts'ebetso e matla ho tloha ho karohano ho ea ho lumellano e fihlelletsoeng ka puisano le phetisetso e sebetsang.

Molao-taelo oa Pele

Ho hokahanya ha ho bolele hore lefatše le inthaneteng le ka ntle ho marang-rang li tšoana ebile li lekane. Joaloka batho, re sebetsa lefatšeng la nama, 'me ha ho motho ea ka pholohang a le mong lefatšeng la dijithale. Ntle le moo, re tloaelane le lefatše la limilione tsa lilemo ka phetoho, athe lefats'e la cyber le bile teng feela ka mashome a lilemo. Ka mokhoa o tšoanang, batho ba tlohang lefatšeng la 'nete ba ka ba le ts'oaetso ea mafu a' mele le a kelello. Ka kutloisiso ena, boits'oaro ba inthanete bo lokela ho sebeletsa bophelo ba batho ba nnete mme bo kopantsoe haholo le motheo oa bophelo ba 'nete, ho fapana le tsela e' ngoe e potileng. Ho theha mofuta oa mantlha oa mantlha ho bohlokoa hape ha libaka tsa marang-rang / tsa inthanete li qothisana lehlokoa le bophelo bo fokolang ba motho ().

Ho Hlahloba Khopolo-taba

Joalokaha ho khothalelitsoe ke boikaketsi ba rona ba hore ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e phahameng le e sa amaneng le tšebeliso ea marang-rang e ka lebisa liphellong tse ntle tsa kelello, re nahana hore khokahanyo e kholo e ka amahanngoa le tšebeliso e mpe ea inthanete, melemo e mengata, ts'ebeliso e fokolang ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, bolutu bo fokolang le ho feta. khotsofalo ea bophelo har'a baithuti ba koleche thutong ena (H1). Lithutong tse fetileng, batho ba fetisitsoeng ka mokhoa o fetelletseng ba ruile molemo o moholo mme ba bile le litholoana tse ntle tsa kelello ho feta batho ba sa tsotelleng tšebeliso ea inthanete (; ). Re ile ra kholoa hore extversion e tla hokahana le boemo bo hokahaneng ba ho hokahanya (H2), mme boemo ba ho kopanya bo ne bo tla tiisa kamano pakeng tsa ho fetella le mehato eo ea kelello (mohlala, temallo ea inthanete, bolutu, le khotsofalo ea bophelo; H3). Kaha "barui ba ruile haholo" mehopolo le boiketlo ba sechaba bo ba le likhohlano ho bolela hore na batho ba fetelletseng le ba sa tsotelleng ba ka rua molemo kapa ba mpefala ka tšebeliso ea Marang-rang, ra nahana hore ho kenyeletsoa ho lokela ho nahanoa ka ketsahalo ena, 'me re nahane hore ho eketsoa le ho hatelloa ka mokhoa o fetelletseng. batho ka bomong ba ka "ruela" (ho ba le li-correlates tsa kelello tse ntlafalitsoeng) ka tlase ho maemo a hokahaneng ho feta a tlase a kopaneng ("fumana bofutsana"; H4).

Method

barupeluoa ba

Patlisiso ena e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Lipatlisiso ho Setsi sa Mahlale a Saense le Tsebo, Univesithing ea Fuzhou. Bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo e ne e le liithuti tsa koleche tse hapiloeng Univesithing ea Fujian Jiangxia le Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, e ka boroa-bochabela ho China. Ba ithaopetse ho araba lipotso ntle le lebitso ka tlhahlobo ea inthanete mme bafuputsi ba 742 kaofela ba ile ba tlatsa lipotso. Kamora ho hlahloba batho ba fanang ka likarabo tse sa nepahalang kapa tse sa lokang (n = 116), re fumane likarabo tse nepahetseng tsa 626 bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng. Mohlala oa ho qetela, 260 (41.5%) e ne e le banna, 'me sampole e ne e le lilemo tse mpe tsa 20.1 (SD = 1.4).

Mehato

Sekala sa kopanyo ea marang-rang le marang-rang (OOIS)

Morero oa lipotso oa ONIS o iqapetseng o sebelisitsoe ho lekola maemo a bankakarolo a ho hokahanya marang-rang le ntle le marang-rang (bona Sehlomathiso. 1 ho Tlatsetso ea Litaba). Ho latela sebopeho sa tšebeliso ea mantsoe a kopantseng marang-rang / marang-rang, OOIS e na le lits'enyehelo tse tharo, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le lintho tse hlano, e bonts'ang ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro (SI, Cronbach α = 0.69), kopanyo ea kamano (RI, Cronbach α = 0.66), le sechabeng ho kopanya mesebetsi (SFI, Cronbach α = 0.57). Sekala se bontšitse mohlala o motle oa tšoaneleha (χ2 = 386.95, χ2/df = 4.45, RMSEA = 0.075, GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.89). Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e botsa ka ho kopantsoe ha liphihlelo tsa inthaneteng le tsa kantle ho marang-rang (mohlala, "Metsoalle ea ka inthaneteng e tseba hantle hore na ke joang bophelong ba 'nete"). Barupeluoa ba ile ba arabela linthong ba sebelisa sekala sa 4-point Likert, moo 1 = ha ba lumellane ka matla; 2 = ho se lumellane; 3 = lumellana; le 4 = lumellana ka matla. Chelete e tšepahalang ea tekanyo eohle e ne e le 0.75 thutong. Sekolo sa OOIS se baliloe e le kakaretso ea lintlha tse tharo tsa subscales, mme palo e phahameng ea OOIS e bonts'a boemo bo holimo ba kopanyo.

Lethathamo la lipotso tse sebelisoang mabapi le qeto mabapi le tšebeliso ea marang-rang (IDBQ)

IDBQ e ipapisitse le Moetso oa Transtheoretical () 'me e etselitsoe ho lekanya qeto ea batho mabapi le tšebeliso ea bona ea inthanete (). Potso ena e na le lintho tsa 38, ho kenyelletsa melemo le litlatsetso. Subsal prosale e entsoe ka lintho tsa 16 (mohlala, "marang-rang a imolla khatello ea ho ithuta kapa bophelo."), Ha thuso ea nakoana e na le lintho tsa 22 (mohlala, "inthanete e entse hore ke sitoe ho phethela mosebetsi oa ka oa sekolo o hlophisitsoeng ka nako e hlophisitsoeng." ). IDBQ e bonts'itse ts'epahalo e ntle le ts'ebetso mme e ka sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa litekanyo tsa liqeto tsa liqeto tsa baithuti ba univesithi ea China mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona ea inthanete (). Barupeluoa ba arabela linthong tse sebelisang sekepe sa 4-point Likert (1 = ha ba lumellane ka matla, 4 = lumellana ka matla). Chelete e ka tšeptjoang ea ho ithuta e ne e le 0.91 bakeng sa subscale ea pros le 0.94 bakeng sa subscale.

Lethathamo la lipotso tsa tlhahlobo ea tahi ea inthanete (IADQ)

IADQ ke lipotso tsa 8 tse hlahisoang ke ho sekaseka bokhoba ba marang-rang. Likarabo tsa "E" lintlha 1; likarabo tsa "Che" lintlha 0. Thutong ena, Cronbach's α e ne e le 0.73.

Khotsofalo ka sekala sa bophelo (SWLS)

SWLS ke sesebelisoa se bokhutšoanyane sa 5 se etselitsoeng ho lekanya maikutlo a khotsofalo a bophelo ba motho ka bophelo ba motho (). Barupeluoa ba arabela linthong ba sebelisa sekala sa 4-point Likert (1 = ha ba lumellane ka matla, 5 = lumellana ka matla). Cronbach's α thutong ena e ne e le 0.87, ho bonts'a hore tekanyo e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ka hare.

UCLA bolutu tekanyo

Potso ea ntho ea 20 e sebelisitsoe ho lekanya bolutu bo ikhethileng ba sechaba (). Barupeluoa ba arabela linthong tse sebelisang sekala sa 4-point (1 = never, 2 = ka seoelo, 3 = ka linako tse ling, 4 = hangata). Alpha e kopanetsoeng thutong ena e ne e le 0.83.

Tlhaloso

Extraversion e nkuoe phetolelong e khuts'oane ea China Big Five Personality Inventory (CBF-PI-B; ). CBF-PI-B ke sekhahla sa thepa ea 40 se kenyelletsang lipeeletso tse hlano: ho lumellanoa, ho buleha, ho fetelletsa litaba, letsoalo le letsoalo. Lintho tse mahlonoko li lekantsoe sethaleng sa 6-point Likert (1 = ho se lumellane ka matla, 6 = lumellana ka matla). Ts'ehetso ea bonnete ba ts'ebelletso ea CBF-PI-B e bontšitsoe ke kamano ea eona ho Big tano Inventory (r = 0.58∼0.83, ). Subscale ea extraversion e na le lintho tse robeli, 'me ron ea eona ea Cronbach bakeng sa thuto e teng e ne e le 0.82, e neng e bonts'a botsitso bo botle ba ka hare.

Lipatlisiso tsa Statistical

Litlhahlobo tsohle tsa lipalo li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa SPSS (mofuta oa 19, IBM Corp.) Litlatsetso tsa Pearson li sebelisitsoe ho fihlella mekhatlo ea bivariate. Ho ile ha sebelisoa mohopolo o fapaneng oa maemo a mangata ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa sepheo se fetelletseng, kopanyo le sephetho sa kelello.

Litlamorao tsa phallo li ile tsa lekoa ka SPSS macros PROCESS (v3.0) bakeng sa bootstrapping joalo ka ha ho fanoe ke . Litlamorao tse sa tsamaelaneng li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka linako tsa kholiseho ea 95% li sebelisa mokhoa oa percentile o thehiloeng ho disampole tsa 5,000 bootstrap. Haeba nako ea ho itšepa e se na zero, e bontša hore phello e sa tobang e ka nkuoa e le bohlokoa ka lipalo ().

Ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tse mpe tsa OOIS, barupeluoa ba arotsoe ka kopanyo e kholo (e kholo ho feta e bolelang, n = 262) le khokahano e tlase (e ka tlase ho se bolelang, n = 364) lihlopha. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, barupeluoa ba ile ba aroloa ho feta (n = 326) hape e bile (n = 300) lihlopha tse ipapisitseng le lintlha tse neng li le kaholimo kapa ka tlase ho lintlha tse fetotsoeng. Ka mor'a moo, li-ANOV tsa 2 x 2 ANOVA li entsoe ka mokhoa o fetelletseng (extravert and introvert) le ho hokahanya (tse tlase le tse phahameng) li sebetsa joalo ka lipapatso tse pakeng tsa taba. Litlhatlhobo tse arohaneng li ile tsa etsoa bakeng sa bokhoba ba marang-rang, bolutu le khotsofalo ea bophelo. Ho bapisa liphetho habonolo, z Lipalo bakeng sa mefuta e itšetlehileng li sebelisitsoe. Leeme η2 e fanoe ka boholo ba phello ha ho loketse. Khalemelo ea Bonferroni e sebelisitsoe ho fetolela liphetho tsa lipapiso tse ngata liphelong tse bonolo.

Results

Lipalopalo tse Hlalosang le Litumellano

Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang le lihokelo pakeng tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea thuto li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo Lethathamo11. Lithuso tse tharo tsa OOIS li ne li amana hantle le e mong (r = 0.20 ho 0.38, ps <0.01). Joalokaha ho nahanoa ka H1, SI, RI, SFI, hammoho le lintlha tsohle tsa OOIS li ne li amana hampe le ho lemalla inthanete (r = -0.15 ho -0.34, ps <0.01), boiketlo (r = -0.12 ho -0.36, ps <0.01) le bolutu (r = -0.27 ho -0.43, ps <0.01). RI, SF, le OOIS li tsamaisana hantle le melemo (r = 0.10∼0.15, ps <0.01), mme OOIS e ne e sa tsamaellane le SI (r = 0.01, ns). OOIS le liphallelo tsa eona tse tharo li ne li tsamaisana hantle le khotsofalo ea bophelo (r = 0.13-0.23, ps <0.01). Joalokaha ho boletsoe esale pele ho H2, phetoho e fumanoe e amana hantle le liphallelo tsa OOIS le lintlha tsohle tsa eona (r = 0.20-0.31, ps <0.01).

Lethathamo 1

Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang tsa khokahano ea tatellano ea zero le tatellano pakeng tsa mefuta e ithutoang.

 12345678910111213
(1) Mongoaha1            
(2) Bonga0.12 **1           
(3) SI0.01-0.08 *1          
(4) RI0.06-0.19 **0.38 **1         
(5) SFI-0.06-0.010.21 **0.20 **1        
(6) OOIS0.01-0.14 **0.76 **0.74 **0.63 **1       
(7) Nako ea inthaneteb0.15 **-0.06-0.06-0.03-0.13 **-0.10 *1      
(8) Tlatsetso ea Inthanete0.10 *-0.12 **-0.26 **-0.15 **-0.33 **-0.34 **0.17 **1     
(9) Melemo0.01-0.020.010.15 **0.10 **0.12 **0.13 **0.15 **1    
(10) Cons0.080.03-0.22 **-0.12 **-0.36 **-0.32 **0.20 **0.49 **0.29 **1   
(11) Keketseho e kholo0.060.11 **0.20 **0.24 **0.22 **0.31 **-0.04-0.19 **0.09 *-0.13 **1  
(12) Bolutu0.030.06-0.36 **-0.30 **-0.27 **-0.43 **0.020.34 **-0.08 *0.41 **-0.41 **1 
(13) Khotso ea bophelo-0.020.040.13 **0.16 **0.22 **0.23 **0.01-0.24 **0.09 *-0.18 **0.23 **-0.38 **1
M20.07/15.3114.0013.7943.115.452.2546.5044.2428.9544.4714.49
SD1.36/2.212.071.954.473.151.9410.5514.626.108.213.80
 
SI, Khokahano ea boits'oaro; RI, Khokahano ea Kamano; SFI, Kopano ea Mosebetsi oa Sechaba; OOIS, kakaretso ea kakaretso le karolelano ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang. aBong bo ne bo entsoe ka mokhoa oa coda = 1, mosali = 0. bNako ea inthanete e lekantsoe e le palo ea lihora tsa inthanete ka letsatsi. *p <0.05, **p <0.01.

Na Kopano e kopanya Kamano lipakeng tsa Phapang e Fetisisang le Phello ea Kelello?

Ho leka sephetho sa ho kopanya se kopantsoeng (H3), litlamorao tse sa tobang le tse tobileng tsa ho fetofetola ha liphetho tsa kelello li ile tsa baloa ka mehlala ea 5,000 bootstrap. Nako, bong, le nako ea inthanete li kenyellelitsoe ka mokhoa o fapaneng oa covariate. Liphetho tsa bootstrap li bonts'itse hore kopanyo e kopantse ka botlalo kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba bo fetelletseng le bokhoba ba marang-rang, mme khakanyo ea phello ea bobuelli e ne e le -0.04 e nang le 95% bootstrap CI ea -0.05 ho -0.02 (bona Figure Figure2A2A). Phello ea bobuelli ho bolutu e ne e le bohlokoa ebile e le leeme, mme khakanyo e ne e le-0.15 e nang le 95% bootstrap CI ea -0.22 ho -0.10 (bona Figure Figure2B2B). Kameho ea bobuelli khotsofatsong ea bophelo e ne e boetse e le bohlokoa ebile e le leeme, mme khakanyo e ne e le 0.04 e nang le 95% bootstrap CI ea 0.02-0.06 (bona Figure Figure2C2C). Liphetho tsena li bonts'a hore H3 e tšehelitsoe. Re boetse ra etsa lethathamo la mefuta e mengata ea boiphetetso ea maemo a holimo likhethong tseo tse tharo tsa kelello. Nako, bong, le nako ea inthanete li kentsoe mohatong oa pele, ebe ho fetoloa mohato oa 2, 'me qetellong li-subsistales tse tharo tsa OOIS SI, RI, le SFI li kentsoe mohatong oa 3. Liphetho li hlahisitsoe ho Lethathamo la Tlatsetso S1.

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke fpsyg-09-00492-g002.jpg

Khokahano e hokahanya likamano lipakeng tsa sephetho se feteletseng le sepheo sa kelello (N = 5000 resetoles bootline. Liphetoho tsa kelello tse tlisoang ke batho ka tsela e fapaneng: (A) Bokhoba ba marang-rang; (B) bolutu; (C) khotsofalo ea bophelo. Ho kopanya ho ile ha lekanngoa e le kakaretso ea kakaretso ea marang-rang le Offline. Litsela tsohle li arotsoe ka li-coefficients tse sa elelloeng. *p <0.05, **p <0.01. Tsela c = phello e felletseng (e seng ya boemedi); Tsela c'= Direct (e laolang mmuelli) phello.

Phapang likamanong lipakeng tsa Mehato ea Psychological, Extraversion le kopanyo

Ho hlahloba H4, li-ANOVA tse peli tsa tsela li ile tsa etsoa ho lekola litlamorao tsa lipalo-palo tsa ho fetoloa (ho feteletseng le ho kenella) le ho hokahanya (tse tlase le tse phahameng) tlatsong ea inthanete, bolutu le khotsofalo ea bophelo ka thoko.

Bakeng sa temallo ea inthanete, liphetho li bonts'a phello e kholo ea kopanyo, F(1,622) = 22.12, p <0.01, e leeme η2 = 0.034, le bakeng sa extrasionion, F(1,622) = 9.12, p <0.01, e leeme η2 = 0.015. Ka kakaretso, sehlopha se kopaneng se phahameng se tlalehile karolo e tlase haholo ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (M = -0.26, SD = 0.86) ho feta sehlopha sa kopanelo se tlase (M = 0.19, SD = 1.05). Sehlopha sena se qhekelletseng se boetse se tlaleha tšekamelo e tlase haholo ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi Inthaneteng (M = -0.16, SD = 0.92) ho feta ho sehlopha se ronngoeng (M = 0.17, SD = 1.06). Tšebelisano ea kopane ea extraversion × e ne e se ea bohlokoa lipalo, F(1,622) = 0.55, ns, leeme η2 = 0.001. Litlhahlobo tse bobebe tsa litlhahlobo li bonts'itse hore ha ho bapisoa le ho hokahana ho tlase, ho hokahana ho hoholo lihlopheng ka bobeli le tse sa hlonepheng ho bontšitse karolo e tlase ea bokhoba ba inthanete (ps <0.01). Mekhoa e sebetsang le papiso li hlahisoa ka Figure Figure3A3A.

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke fpsyg-09-00492-g003.jpg

Khokahano, ho fetofetisisa le lihokelo tsa bona tsa kelello. (A) Bolela Z lintlha tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang, bolutu, le khotsofalo ea bophelo e le ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya marang-rang / kantle ho marang-rang (e tlase kapa e phahameng) le ho fetoloa (ho tlatselletsoa kapa ho ts'oaroa). (B) Setšoantšo se hlalosang litlamorao tsa kelello tsa maemo a fapaneng a marang-rang le a kantle ho marang-rang bakeng sa li-extraverts le introverts. †p <0.1, *p <0.05, **p <0.01.

Bakeng sa bolutu, liphetho li bonts'a phello e kholo ea kopanyo, F(1,622) = 53.12, p <0.01, e leeme η2 = 0.079, le bakeng sa extrasionion, F(1,622) = 37.22, p <0.01, e leeme η2 = 0.056. Ka kakaretso, sehlopha se kopaneng se phahameng se tlaleha bolutu bo fokolang haholo (M = -0.40, SD = 1.06) ha e bapisoa le sehlopha se tlase sa kopanyo (M = 0.28, SD = 0.84). Sehlopha se fetelletseng sa litaba se boetse se tlaleha tloaelo e tlase haholo ea ho jeoa ke bolutu (M = -0.28, SD = 1.01) ha e bapisoa le sehlopha se khothalletsoang (M = 0.30, SD = 0.90). Tšebelisano ea kopane ea extraversion × e ne e se ea bohlokoa lipalo, F(1,622) = 2.81, ns, leeme η2 = 0.005. Litlhahlobo tse bobebe tsa litlhahlobo li bonts'itse hore ha ho bapisoa ho kopanya ho tlase, ho hokahana ho hoholo lihlopheng ka bobeli le tse sa hlapolloang ho bontšitse ho hloka bolutu haholo (ps <0.01). Mekhoa e sebetsang le papiso li hlahisoa ka Figure Figure3A3A.

Bakeng sa khotsofalo ea bophelo, liphetho li bonts'a phello e kholo ea kopanyo, F(1,622) = 6.85, p <0.01, e leeme η2 = 0.011, le bakeng sa extrasionion, F(1,622) = 17.45, p <0.01, e leeme η2 = 0.027. Ka kakaretso, sehlopha se kopaneng se phahameng se tlalehiloe ka mokhoa o phahameng haholo oa khotsofalo ea bophelo (M = 0.17, SD = 1.02) ho feta sehlopha sa kopanelo se tlase (M = -0.12, SD = 0.96). Sehlopha sena se eketsehileng se tlalehiloe ka mokhoa o phahameng haholo oa khotsofalo ea bophelo (M = 0.19, SD = 0.99) ho feta sehlopha se khothalletsoang (M = -0.21, SD = 0.97). Tšebelisano ea kopane ea extraversion × e ne e se ea bohlokoa lipalo, F(1,622) = 0.02, ns, leeme η2 <0.001. Litlhahlobo tse bonolo tsa litlamorao li bonts'itse hore ha li bapisoa le kopanyo e tlase, kopanyo e phahameng lihlopheng tse fetisitsoeng le tse hlahisitsoeng li bonts'itse boemo bo phahameng haholo ba khotsofalo ea bophelo (p = 0.062 ea extrafer le p = 0.067 ea introvert). Mekhoa le lipapiso tse sebetsang li hlahisoa ka Figure Figure3A3A.

Liphetho tse kaholimo li bonts'a hore li-converter li na le "psychother" e ntlafalitsoeng kelellong ho feta introvert ("mafutsana") ka kakaretso. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe Figure Figure3A3A, batho ba fetelletsoeng ka mokhoa o phahameng ba tla ba le menyetla e metle ea kelello ("barui ba ruile") ho feta ba kopaneng ("barui ba futsanehile"). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, batho ba nang le bothata ba tšebeliso e phahameng ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang ba tla ba le mekhoa e metle ea kelello ("mafutsana a be morui"), ho feta ba kopaneng ("mafutsana ba futsanehile"). Ka hona, H4 e tšehelitsoe. Ho hlahisoa setšoantšo sa litla-morao tsa kelello tsa maemo a fapaneng a marang-rang / a kantle ho marang-rang bakeng sa lihlopha tse eketsehileng le tse sa rutoang Figure Figure3B3B.

Puisano e akaretsang

Morero oa thuto e ne e le ho leka ho kenyelletsa le ho nts'etsapele pono e ncha ea theoretical ho cyberpsychology e thehiloeng ho 'Mesebetsi ea pejana, e leng Inthanete le Offline Integration Hypothesis. Motsoako ona o tsamaisana le "Theory" ea ho hlophisa kamano ea lefatše le marang-rang ka tsela e nang le tšebelisano 'moho le e hlahisang (). Melao-motheo ea CTCO e hlahisoa e le mekhoa e meholo ea ho fihlella kopanyo ea inthaneteng / kantle ho marang-rang, eo ho eona likhokahano tsa puisano le phetisetso li thusang ho fokolisa meeli lipakeng tsa lefats'e tsa inthanete / tsa marang-rang le ho phahamisa ts'ebelisano ea tsona, ha melao-motheo e ts'oanang le e sa amaneng le marang-rang e ka fana ka tataiso ho kopanya tshebetso. Ho ipapisitsoe le liphumano tse fetileng, mohopolo o boetse o nahana hore boits'oaro, kamano ea batho, le ts'ebetso ea sechaba ke litsi tsa bohlokoa tseo batho ba lokelang ho li etelletsa pele mabapi le kopanyo. Hypothesis e totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho theha likhohlano lipakeng tsa lefatše tsa inthanete le tse se nang marang-rang, e fana ka maikutlo a hore lefatše le phetseng hantle la cyber ha le eketse kapa la nkela lefatše la 'nete. Sebakeng seo, batho ka bomong ba hloka tšebetso ea ho kopanya 'me ba lokela ho bonts'a botsitso lipakeng tsa mahlale a inthaneteng le a tsoang kantle ho naha.

Hypothesis e fana ka maikutlo a hore tšebeliso e ntle ea inthanete e kopaneng e molemo. Tumellanong le sebopeho sa rona sa 'nete, boithuto bo teng hona joale bo bonts'itse hore marang-rang / marang-rang a kopantsoe hantle le khotsofalo ea bophelo le maikutlo a nepahetseng a inthanete (melemo), hammoho le likamano tse mpe tsa inthanete, ho jeoa ke bolutu le maikutlo a mabe a marang-rang (cons). Litšobotsi tse ling tsa botho li ka fana ka matla bakeng sa mokhoa o kopanyang 'me ka hona li ka etsa hore motho a be le "morui." Mohlala, re fumane hore batho ba nang le maemo a phahameng a feteletseng ba kanna ba ba le maemo a holimo a kopaneng ea inthaneteng / inthaneteng (r = 0.31, p <0.01), 'me kopanyo e sebelisitse likamano lipakeng tsa mehato e fetelletseng le ea kelello. Sephetho sena se ka hlalosa karolo e 'ngoe ea "barui ho rua" ho Boithuto, boo ho sebelisa Inthanete ho boletseng litholoana tse ntle bakeng sa litlamorao tse mpe le ho feta tsa batho ba nang le likelello tse ngata.

Boithuto ba rona bo ka thusa ho hlakisa likhang tse teng lipakeng tsa li-hypothes tse 'maloa tse hlolisang ho kenyelletsa "hyperase" e ruileng haholo ") le tšebeliso ea matšeliso a sechaba (“mafutsana a huma”; ; ). Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Figure Figure33, batho ba sa rutehang ba ka rua molemo ka ho hokahana ha tšebeliso ea marang-rang (mafutsana a rua haholo), 'me batho ba eketsehileng ba ka mpefala ka lebaka la ho ikopanya ho tlase (barui ba futsanehileng), ho latela maikutlo a puseletso ea sechaba. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, batho ba sa rutehang ba ka mpefala ka ho kopana hanyane (mafutsana a futsaneha), mme batho ba eketsehileng ba ka rua molemo ka ho hokahana ho hoholo (barui ba rua haholo), ho tsamaisana le polelo ea "rich rich rich". Ka hona, ho hokahana e ka ba mochini o totobatsang phapang lipakeng tsa khakanyo ea meputso ea sechaba le "barui ba ruileng". Ka mantsoe a mang, "morui" (mohlala, sehlopha se eketsehileng) kapa "mafutsana" (mohlala, sehlopha se khothalletsoang) ha se hlile ha se morui kapa mafutsana ka bobeli, ka karolo ea kopanyo e kenyang tataiso. Ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse ling ho hlahloba hore na ho hokahanya marang-rang le marang-rang ho ka amana joang le maemo a kelello, haholo ha nako e ntse e feta ho ka ithutoa lithutong tse telele.

Lisebelisoa tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng tsa kopanyo

The Hypation Hypothesis e na le meelelo ea bohlokoa. Ho kanna ha thusa ho thibela temallo ea inthanete ka ho ntlafatsa maemo a kopaneng a boitšoaro bo sebelisoang inthaneteng. Batho ka bomong ba nang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ba ka ba le bothata ba ho boloka botsitso kapa ho laola ts'ebeliso ea bona ea inthanete mabapi le bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi (). Batho ba joalo ba kanna ba ba le likhopolo-taba tse fosahetseng mabapi le lefats'e ka bobeli, 'me ba ka sebelisa marang-rang ho baleha mathata lefatšeng la' nete (). Ba kanna ba lahla likamano tsa bohlokoa () le ho kopana le mathata mosebetsing () kapa sekolong (). Leha mananeo a mangata a kenelletseng a ho lemalla joala Inthaneteng a se a qapiloe le ho lekoa ho fihlela likhato tse fapaneng (), Integration Hypothesis e na le bohlokoa bo ka hlahisang mehopolo e mecha ea ho kena lipakeng tsa kliniki kapa thuto ho sechaba sena. Mohlala, hypothesis e hatisa bohlokoa ba ho itseba, likamano, le ts'ebetso ea boiketlo ba ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e phetseng hantle, mme boithuto ba rona bo ne bo fane ka data ea pele e bonts'ang hore maemo a phahameng a ho hokahana lithutong tsena tse tharo a amanang le litumelo tsa marang-rang. Ho kenella ho ka lebisa tlhokomelo meahong eo le ho khothaletsa ho hokahanya marang-rang / ntle le inthanete le melao-motheo ea CTCO ts'ebetsong. Khokahano e lokela ho etsa marang-rang pele e le eona sebopeho, 'me e ka nolofatsa boemo ba kopanyo ka puisano joalo ka mohato oa pele, ka mosebetsi o latelang o kenyelletsang phetisetso ea sebaka se seng le se seng ho ea ho se seng ho fihlela tumellano le tumellano lipakeng tsa inthanete le lefatše la' nete. Kaha hangata batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba sebelisa marang-rang e le monyetla oa ho pholoha (), mananeo a ka hlahisoa ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea batho ea Marang-rang ka ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ho hokahanya libaka tsa inthanete le tsa marang-rang, mme menyetla e joalo e lokela ho hlahlojoa le ho hlahlojoa ka kotloloho.

Hypothesis ha se feela sebopeho sa mohopolo sa ho lekola hore na batho ba sebelisa marang-rang joang empa hape ke sesebelisoa se matla sa ho hakanya tšusumetso e ka bang teng tikolohong ea cyber ka maano a kopaneng. Morero oa pele o kanna oa amana le ho qoelisoa: ho kenella ka matla sehlahisoa sa dijithale, ha batho ba ka ba le tšekamelo e kholo ea ho qoba lefatše la 'nete (); ka hona, ba ka ba le karohano lipakeng tsa tikoloho ea dijithale le ea nnete ea lefatše. Mohlala, Augmented Reality (AR), e kopanyang marang-rang le lefatše la 'nete, e ka khothaletsa ho kopantsoe ha marang-rang / ntle le marang-rang (, leq. 85), athe Virtual Reality (VR), e leng boiphihlelo bo tebileng, bo kopanetsoeng bo hlahisoang ke komporo, bo ka khothaletsa ho ikarola lefatšeng la 'nete. Ka hona, tse qetellang li kanna tsa lebisa ho ho se kopaneng le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea mathata, leha sena se ka etsa hore tlhahlobo e potlakileng e etelle pele. Morero oa bobeli o ka kenyelletsa batho bao batho ba ikopanye le bona le hore na ba tsebahala kapa ha ba tsebehe bophelong ba 'nete, le hore na li-account tse tsebahalang kapa tse sa tsejoeng lia khothatsoa. Lisebelisoa tsa mehala tse kang LinkedIn le WhatsApp, tse neng li etselitsoe batho haholo hore ba ikopanye le ho arolelana le batho ba bang bao ba seng ba ba tseba (mohlala, metsoalle le ba lelapa), ba ka ngolisoa e le sesebelisoa sa puisano sa kopanyo se phahameng ho feta sa batho bao ba sa ba tsebeng kapa ba sa tsebeng batho ba amanang le bona liketsong tsa sechaba. GaGa kapa Yik Yak. Lintlha li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho bapala le batho ba tsebahalang papaling ea inthanete ho ka etsa hore motho a jeoe ke bolutu ho feta ho bapala le batho ba sa tsejoeng (). Morero oa boraro o ka kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tsa marang-rang tsa sechaba le mekhoa ea puisano. Litšebelisano tsa lifoto, lentsoe, le video li hlahelletse lits'ebetsong tse kang Instagram kapa Skype, tse sebelisang palo e kholo ea tlhaiso-leseling e bonts'ang hangata lipuisano tse tloaelehileng tsa sefahleho le sefahleho li kopantsoe haholo ho feta tseo haholo-holo li thehiloeng ho sechaba ka mongolo tšebeletso ea marang-rang (SNS), joalo ka Facebook le Twitter. Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa ea ho thaepa, ea bonono le e sebelisoang lipuisanong e ka theha mokhoa o phahameng oa puisano, ea theha maqhama a matle le ho fokotsa ho jeoa ke bolutu (). Ntle le se kaholimo, ho na le maano a mang a ka nkuoang a tsoang melao-motheong ea ho kopanya. Boithuto bona bo fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba ntlafatsang ba lokela ho nahana ka maano a ho kopanya ha ba qapa sehlahisoa, haholoholo haeba ba ikemiselitse ho theha botsitso lipakeng tsa boithabiso le khokahano le bophelo ba nnete. Maano a fapaneng a sebelisoang ke jenereithara lihlahisoa tseo ba li hlahisang li ka etsa hore batho ba nke maemo a kopaneng a marang-rang / a kantle ho naha.

Meeli le Lipatlisiso tsa ka moso

Leha thuto e teng hona joale e nka mohato oa pele ho aha mohopolo oa mantlha oa kopanyo Hypothesis mme e fana ka bopaki ba pejana ba hore maemo a fapaneng a kopanyo a ka ba le sephetho se fapaneng sa maikutlo, ho na le meeli e lokelang ho sebetsoa. Taba ea pele, le ha libaka tsa kopanyo le melao-motheo e hlahisitsoeng mona li ne li thehiloe libukeng tse fetileng le theory ea Sisteme, li ntse li hloka ho buisanoa ka hloko le ho hlahlojoa nakong e tlang. Taba ea bobeli, OOIS e ntlafalitsoe le ho hlahlojoa ho ipapisitsoe le baithuti ba kolecheng Chaena, mme lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho lekola bonnete ba eona ho lihlopha tse ling le litsong tse ling. Taba ea boraro, sebopeho sa sekhahla sa hona joale se ne se ipapisitse le lits'ebetso eseng melaoana. Seo se boleloang, melao-motheo ea ho kopanya e bonahala har'a lintho tsa OOIS. Mohlala, ntho e reng, "Metsoalle ea ka ntle le inthanete kapa litho tsa lelapa leso ba tseba hantle hore na ke joang inthaneteng," e bontša molao-motheo o amanang le puisano. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ntho e reng, "Batho bao ke buisanang le bona inthaneteng le bao ke buisanang le bona bophelong bo hlile ba tšoana," ho bonts'a molao-motheo o amanang le ho tenyetseha. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho lekanya melao-motheo ka kotloloho ho lekola hore na batho ka bomong ba atamela kopanyo joang. Kamora nako, sephetho sa thuto e teng hona joale se thehiloe moralong o lumellanang, ka hona re ne re sitoa ho khetholla kamano le sephetho lipakeng tsa kopanyo ea inthanete / ntle le boits'oaro le mehato ea sephetho; lithuto tsa nako e tlang li ka sebelisa mekhoa e teletsana kapa moralo oa liteko ho etsa lipatlisiso likamanong tse ka bang teng tsa Causal.

Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho hlahloba hore na maemo a kopaneng a marang-rang le a kantle ho marang-rang a ka baka liphapang tse ka bang teng likamanong pakeng tsa batho le boits'oaro bo sebelisang marang-rang, haholo-holo kaha ho hokahana ho ka sebetsa joalo ka phapang kapa ho arola phapang lipakeng tsa phapang e ikhethang ea motho le sepheo sa kelello. Ts'ebetsong ena, ho hlahlojoa lintlha tse ling (mohlala, tšusumetso ea menyetla e amanang le boiketlo ba sechaba le moruo) e lokela ho tsotelloa. Ho fetela pele, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa inthanete li ka ba le khokahano e tobileng le bophelo ba 'nete, lithuto tse bapisang likamano lipakeng tsa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng (kapa likarolo tsa eona) le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho hokahanya (mohlala, ho hloka tsebo le ho tsebahala, boemo bo boletsoeng ba ho ba teng sechabeng, le ho qoelisoa) e be e khahlisang, e bohlokoa, hape e ka ba le tšusumetso mabapi le maikutlo a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Ho latela pono ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, lintlha tse amanang le bophelo bo botle kapa bo bobe ka mor'a nako ke tsa bohlokoa ho tsebahala. Kahoo ho ka ba le moelelo o moholo bakeng sa bafuputsi ho hlahloba hore na ke likarolo life tse ka bolelang tšekamelo ea ho hokahanya ka nako, haholoholo ha maemo a kopanyo a fumanoa a le likamano tse itekanetseng le bophelo bo botle. Boithuto ba lintlha tsa ts'ireletso le likotsi ha li ntse li amana le maemo a ho hokahanngoa ka marang-rang / inthanete ka hona e ka ba le litlamorao tsa bohlokoa bophelong le sechabeng.

fihlela qeto e

Boithuto bona bo hlahisitse pono e ncha ea theoretical mabapi le cyber-psychology, e kopaneng, e fanang ka moralo o mocha oa ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa lefats'e tsa inthanete le tse hlokang botsitso. Khopolo-taba e khothalletsoa ho kopanya boits'oaro, likamano tsa batho, le ts'ebetso ea sechaba maemong a hlakileng le a boits'oaro ka ho latela metheo ea puisano, phetiso, tumellano le lintho tse tlang pele "ntle le pele". Boithuto bona bo fana ka maikutlo a hore ho kopanya ho kopaneng hoa liphihlelo tsa inthaneteng le tse fumanehang kantle ho marang-rang ho amana le bokhoba ba marang-rang, litheko tse ngata le mathata a fokolang mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, bolutu bo fokolang, ho fetella le ho khotsofala haholoanyane bophelong. Khokahano e hokahanya likamano lipakeng tsa sephetho se fetelletseng le sepheo sa kelello, 'me khokahano e kanna ea ba moelelo o boletsoeng o fapana ho tsoa ho "ruileng" le maikutlo a puseletso ea sechaba. Tlhahiso-leseling e kopantsoeng e na le litlamorao tse ngata kutloisisong ea rona ea boits'oaro bo sebelisang marang-rang.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

WS e ne e ikarabella molemong oa mohopolo le thero ea ho ithuta. XL e kentse letsoho pokellong ea data le tlhahlobo ea pele. WS le XL ba ngotse moralo oa pele oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. MP e fane ka ntlafatso e thata ea buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho bakeng sa litaba tsa mahlale. Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho ho tšehetsa buka e ngotsoeng ea ho qetela.

ikgololo

Maikutlo a hlahisitsoeng bukeng ena e ngotsoeng ka letsoho a emela lingoli, eseng hakaalo tsa mekhatlo ea lichelete e neng e sena karabo ho se ngotsoeng.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

MP e kopanetse mme a eletse Shire, INSYS, Healthmend Health, Opiant / Light Lake Therapeutics le Jazz Pharmaceuticals; o fumane tšehetso ea lipatlisiso (ho Yale) ho tsoa Mohegan Sun Casino le Setsi sa Naha sa Lipapali tse Ikarabellang; o nkile karolo lipatlisisong, mangolong, kapa lipuisanong tsa mehala tse amanang le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, mathata a taolo ea tšusumetso, kapa lihlooho tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle; buisanoa le liofisi tsa molao le mekhatlo ea papali ea chelete mabapi le litaba tse amanang le taolo ea tšusumetso le boloi; le ho fanoa ka lipuo tsa thuto lithutong tse hlollang, liketsahalong tsa CME, le libakeng tse ling tsa bongaka / saense. Bangoli ba bang ba phatlalatsa hore lipatlisiso li entsoe ka ho se be le kamano efe kapa efe ea khoebo kapa ea lichelete e ka nkuoang e le khohlano e ka bang teng lipapatsong.

lumela hore baa fokola

Bangoli ba leboha Jiying Huang bakeng sa thuso ea hae mabapi le pokello ea data.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

 

Lithuso. Boithuto bona bo tšehelitsoe ke National Natural Science Foundation ea China (Grant No. 31771238), Fujian Social Science Project (Grant No. FJ2015B117), le China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201706655002). Ho nka karolo ha MP ho tšehelitsoe ke Setsi sa Tlhokomeliso ea Setsi sa Naha sa Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhokahalo ea Lipapali le Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso le Tlhekefetso ea Naha.

 

Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng

The Supplementary Material bakeng sa sehlooho sena se ka fumaneha Inthaneteng ka: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00492/full#supplementary-material

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