Ho fapanyetsana ho fokotsa litšoantšo tsa botšepehi bo hloekileng ba lihlopha tse nyenyane tse nang le tšusumetso ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete (2017)

. 2017 Aug; 7 (8): e00753.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2017 Jun 21. doi:  10.1002 / brb3.753

PMCID: PMC5561314

inahaneloang

Selelekela

Boloetse ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) hangata bo hlalosoa e le ho se khonehe ha motho ho laola papali ea inthanete e hlahisang litlamorao tse mpe, mme boits'oaro bo nkuoe e le tšobotsi e tsebahalang ea IGD. Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore bots'epehi ba taba e tšoeu (WM) bo bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ts'ebetsong ha maikutlo a motho. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho boithuto bo hlahlobileng kamano lipakeng tsa bots'epehi ba WM le ho se ts'oanehe ho bacha ba IGD.

mekhoa

Phuputsong ena, bacha ba 33 ba nang le li-control tsa IGD le 32 tse phetseng hantle (HCs) ba ile ba hloaetsoa, ​​'me ho se tšoane ka liphapang likamanong lipakeng tsa ho tsitsipana le li-anisotropy (FA) tsa boleng bo fetang bokong bohle ba WM ho fumanoe lipatlisiso ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea voxel ‐ e amanang le bohlale.

Results

Liphetho tsa rona li hlahisitse phapang e kholo ea ho kenella lipakeng tsa tumellano pakeng tsa ho kenella le boleng ba FA ba corticospinal treter e nepahetseng (CST) le WM e nepahetseng ea occipital. Tlhahlobo ea liteko tse thehiloeng mohloling e senotse hore boleng ba FA ba lihlopha tsena li ne li le ntle kapa li ne li amana hantle le ho qhekelloa ho bacha ba IGD ho bapisoa le ho ikamahanya hampe ho li-HCs.

Nahanisisa

Sena se hokahantsoeng se fetotsoeng ho bacha ba IGD se ka bonts'a liphetoho tse ka etsahalang tsa WM tse ka amanang le ho ts'oaroa ha bacha ba IGD le ho fana ka lipheo tsa kalafo tse ka kenang lipakeng tsa sechaba sena.

Keywords: infusion tensor imaging, impulsivity, marang-rang a lipapali tsa marang-rang, taba e tšoeu

1. LEHLOHONOLO

Mathata a lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) ke mofuta o atileng haholo oa ho lemalla inthanete Asia (mohlala, China le Korea) (Dong, Devito, Du, & Cui, 2012) mme e hlalosoa e le ho se khonehe ha motho ka mong ho laola papali ea inthanete e hlahisang litlamorao tse mpe, joalo ka kelellong, kahisano, sekolo, le / kapa mathata a mosebetsi bophelong ba motho (Cao, Su, Liu, & Gao, 2007;; Bacha, 1998). Lilemong tsa morao tjena, le bohlokoa ba bohlokoa ba sechaba, IGD e ile ea aroloa ka karolo ea III, ke hore, maemo a lithuto tsa nako e tlang, ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disallen, Fifth Edition (DSM M 5) (Association AP, 2013). Ntle le moo, ho se ts'oanehe ho bonts'itsoe ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele le nts'etsopele ea IGD. Bafuputsi ba bang (Cao et al., 2007; Shapira, Moetsi oa khauta, Keck, Khosla, & McElroy, 2000;; Bacha, 1998) ba bontšitse hore bokhoba ba inthanete, ho kenyeletsoa IGD, e ne e le bothata ba tšusumetso kapa bo ne bo amana le taolo ea tšusumetso. Lithuto tsa morao-rao (Cao et al., 2007; Chen le al., 2015; Ko et al., 2014, 2015; Luijten, Meerkerk, Franken, van de Wetering, le Baetsi ba Schoenmaker, 2015) ba fumane hore bacha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ea IGD / inthanete ba na le tšusumetso e kholo ha ba bapisoa le ba taolo e nepahetseng (HCs). Boithuto ba boits'oaro bo sebelisang mesebetsi e amanang le taolo ea tšusumetso (mohlala, Go-NoGo, Go – Stop, le / kapa li-paradigms tsa Stroop) li bonts'itse mathata a taolo ea boits'oaro ho bacha ba IGD (Cao et al., 2007; Dong, Zhou, & Zhao, 2010, 2011; Lin et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2014; Luijten et al., 2015). Phuputsong e lebelletsoeng ea nako e telele, Balichaba (Balichaba et al., 2011) e senotse hore ho se ts'oenyehe e ne e le sesosa sa kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea IGD. Ho feta moo, ho tlalehiloe hore ho kentsoe letsoho ho pathogenesis ea IGD, hammoho le ho teba ha IGD thutong e mabapi le kalafo ea meriana ea IGD (Song et al. 2016). Kaha ho susumetsoa ho hoholo ke sesosa sa boitšoaro bo kotsi (mohlala, liteko tsa ho ipolaea le botlokotsebe) ho bacha, lipatlisiso tse kahare ho likarolo tse ka tlase tsa ts'usumetso ea bacha ba IGD li lebelletsoe.

Liphuputso tse ngata li senotse likamano tse kholo lipakeng tsa ho se tsotelle le meaho kapa mesebetsi ea libaka tse ngata tse bohlooho lithutong tse phetseng hantle (Boes et al., 2009; Sootho, Manuck, Flory, & Hariri, 2006; Cho et al., 2013; Dambacher et al., 2015; Farr, Hu, Zhang, & Li, 2012; Gardini, Cloninger, & Venneri, 2009; Matsuo et al., 2009; Muhlert le Lawrence, 2015; Schilling le al., 2012, 2013, 2013; Van den Bos, Rodriguez, Schweitzer, le McClure, 2015). Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, mokhoa oa infusion tensor imaging (DTI) o bontša tšepiso e kholo ea ho lekola botšepehi ba lipampitšana tse tšoeu (WM) bokong ba motho (Guo et al., 2012, 2012), 'Me botšepehi ba taba e tšoeu (WM) ea lobes e ka pele le ea nakoana e ne e amahanngoa hampe le ho hloka takatso ho bacha ba phetseng hantle (Olson et al., 2009). Liphuputso tse amanang le bokhoba ba tahi li boetse li senotse likamano tse kholo lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oenyehe ho hoholo le bots'epehi ba libaka tse ngata tsa WM. Mohlala, Herting, Schwartz, Mitchell, & Nagel (2010) o tlalehile kamano ea litekanyetso tsa FA ka letsohong le letšehali le ka tlase ho bolelele ba nako e telele le mahlaseli a nepahetseng a nang le tšusumetso e matla joalo ka ha ho fumanoe ka ts'ebetso ea ho lieha ho lieha bocheng ba nang le nalane ea malapa ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala, e leng se fanang ka maikutlo a hore tšitiso e nyane ea microstructure e ka sebetsa e le ntho ea bohlokoa kotsi ea ts'oaetso ea ts'ebeliso ea joala. Phuputso ea Fortier et al. (2014) o fumane hore litheko tse fokotsehileng tsa FA ho pholletsa le lipotoloho tse ka pele li ka sebetsana le boits'oaro bo sa tsitsang ho makhoba a tahi a sa keneng. Ntle le moo, kamano pakeng tsa bots'epehi ba WM le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le eona e bontšitsoe. Likamano tse mpe lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oenyehe ho hoholo le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa anterior corpus callosum le ka pele ho WM li fumanoe ho batho ba hlekefetsang k'hok'heine (Moeller et al., 2005; Romero, Asensio, Palau, Sanchez, & Romero, 2010). Liphetho tsena li bonts'a hore bots'epehi bo senyehileng ba libaka tse ngata tsa WM bo bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho kenelleng ho kenella ho hoholo maemong a lemallo.

Liphuputso tse bokellaneng tsa neuroimaging li bonts'itse likaroloana tsa neural tsa khatello e kholo ea bacha ba IGD. Haufinyane, liphuputso tse sebetsang tsa neuroimaging li senotse hore bacha ba IGD ba bonts'a lits'ebetso tse sa sebetseng marang-rang a marang-rang, sebaka sa tlatsetso ea likoloi, cingate cortex, insula le lobari ea parietal nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mesebetsi e amanang le taolo ea ts'usumetso ha e bapisoa le li-HCs (Chen et al., 2015; Ding et al., 2014; Dong et al., 2012; Ko et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014; Luijten et al., 2015). Ntle le moo, khokahano e sebetsang e atlehang marangrang a thibelo ea likarabo (Li et al., 2014) le ho fetola khokahano e sebetsang ea boemo ba phomolo lipakeng tsa libaka tse ngata tsa boko (Kim et al., 2015; Ko et al., 2015) li senotsoe hape hore li tsamaellana le ho hloka maikutlo ho bacha ba IGD. Ntle le moo, thuto ea rona ea pejana ea likamano tse amanang le ho se ts'oenyehe e senotse hore bacha ba IGD ba bontšitse phokotso ea likamano lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oane le taba ea bohlooho libakeng tsa boko tse amehang ho thibelo ea boits'oaro, tlhokomelo le taolo ea maikutlo ha li bapisoa le li-HC (Du et al., 2016). Leha lithuto tsa DTI li bonts'itse bofokoli ba WM ho bacha ba IGD ha bo bapisoa le li-HC (Dong, DeVito, Huang, & Du, 2012; Jeong, Han, Kim, Lee, & Renshaw, 2016; Lin et al., 2012; Weng et al., 2013; Xing et al., 2014; Yuan et al., 2011, 2016), Likamano lipakeng tsa ho se tsotelle le bots'epehi ba WM ho bacha ba IGD ha li tsejoe haholo. Boithuto ba pejana bo senotse hore bokhoba ba boitšoaro bo ts'oana le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi ho latela neuropsychology le neurophysiology (Alavi et al., 2012). Ka hona, re phatlalalitse hore IGD, joalo ka temallo ea boits'oaro, e kanna ea lebisa ho likamanong tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oanehe le bots'epehi ba WM joalo ka ha ho bonoa litlamong tse ling (Fortier et al., 2014; Moeller et al., 2005; Romero le al., 2010).

Thutong ena, re ikemiselitse ho lekola kamano lipakeng tsa ho ts'oaroa le ho ts'epahala ha WM ho latela tlhahlobo ea DTI ka har'a sehlopha sa bacha ba IGD se amanang le li-HC tse tsamaeang ka palo. Ho latela lithuto tse fetileng re ile ra nahana hore li-HC tse nang le taolo e ntle ea ho ts'oaroa li na le boteng bo bongata ba WM (ho se lumellane hampe), leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa bacha ba IGD tsa ho ts'oaroa ho hoholo, boteng ba WM oa ngoana ea lilemong tsa bocha oa IGD bo ne bo tla eketsa phello e fetelletseng (e fetoloang ho khokahano e ntle) . Boithuto bona bo ka tlisa leseli le lecha ponong ea neurobiological ea ho itlhahisa ho bacha ba IGD.

2. LISEBELISOA LE MEKHOA

2.1. Lihlooho

Bacha ba mashome a mararo a metso e meraro ba lilemong tsa bocha ba nang le IGD ba ile ba hiroa ho tloha ka Mmesa ho isa ka Hlakubele 2014 ho tsoa setsing sa tlhabollo ea kelello sepetleleng sa Linyi Forth People, mme li-HC tsa banna tse mashome a mararo a metso e 'meli le thuto li ne li kenyelelitsoe thutong ea rona. Lihlooho tsohle li ne li fanoa ka nepo. Bacha ba ileng ba araba Potso ea Young Diagnostic bakeng sa tlatsetso ea Marang-rang ka likarabo tse hlano kapa ho feta tsa "e" ba ile ba fumanoa ba e-na le IGD (Bacha, 1998). Ntle le moo, bacha bohle ba IGD thutong ena ba ne ba kopuoa ho fihlela lintlha tse ling tse peli tse kenyellelitsoeng, ke hore, papali ea inthanete e bapalang nako ea h4 hr / letsatsi le lintlha tsa Young's internet drug test (IAT) ≥ 50. Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea li-HC thutong ea rona re fihletse tekanyetso ea tlhahlobo ea Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire bakeng sa tlatsetso ea marang-rang, ha a qeta nako e fetang lihora tse 2 / letsatsi a bapala papali ea inthanete, mme o bile le lintlha tsa IAT tse ka tlase ho 50. Mekhoa ea ho khetholla lithuto tsohle e ne e le tse latelang: ( 1) ts'oaetso efe kapa efe ea DSM-IV Axis I e ipapisitseng le puisano ea MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), (2) boteng ba lefu la methapo kapa methapo ea methapo ea kutlo e hlahlojoang ka litlhahlobo tsa bongaka le litlaleho tsa bongaka, kapa (3) ts'ebeliso ea meriana ea psychotropic kapa sethethefatsi tlhekefetso. Ntle le moo, lenane la lipotso le ne le sebelisetsoa ho rekota koae le tšebeliso ea joala. Ho tšoenyeha le khatello ea maikutlo li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) le Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Ho ile ha etsoa liteko tsa liteko tsa methapo ea kutlo ho lekola likarolo tsa kutloisiso tsa bankakarolo. Li-Intelligence Quotients (IQs) tsa bankakarolo bohle li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka ho sebelisa metrices e tsoelang pele ea Rawen. Memori ea ho sebetsa e ile ea hlahlojoa ka teko ea bolelele ba morao le morao, mme mehopolo ea nako e khuts'oane le e telele e ile ea lekoa ho sebelisoa Teko ea Tlhatlhobo ea Tlatsetso ea Mantsoe. Lebelo la ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling le ile la lekoa ka teko ea ho etsa litsela (TMT-A). Mosebetsi oa phethahatso o ile oa lekoa ka TMT-B. Leano la thuto ena le amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Sepetlele se Akaretsang sa Tianjin Medical University, mme bankakarolo bohle le bahlokomeli ba bona ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo ho latela tataiso ea setheo.

2.2. Tlhahlobo ea ho susumetsa

Tekanyo ea Barratt Impulsiveness 11 (BIS ‐ 11) (Patton, Stanford, & Barratt, 1995) e sebelisitsoe ho lekola mathata a lithuto tsohle thutong ena. BIS ‐ 11 ke tekanyo ea tlaleho ea boits'oaro e etselitsoeng ho lekola ho ts'oaroa ho nang le dintho tsa 30 mme e kenyelletsa subscales tse tharo tse latelang: Attentional Impulsiveness (AI, khaello ea tlhokomelo, menahano e potlakileng, le ho hloka mamello ea kelello), Motor Impulsiveness (MI, impetuous ketso), le Nonplanning Impulsiveness (NI, ho hloka mokhoa oa nako e tlang). Lintho tsohle li ile tsa arajoa ka 4 ‐ point Likert sikert (ka seoelo / ha ho mohla, ka linako tse ling, hangata, 'me hoo e ka bang kamehla / kamehla). Kakaretso ea lintlha tse tharo tsa subscales li nkiloe e le Raw Impulsiveness (RI). Likolo tse phahameng li bonts'a maemo a mangata a ho hloka letho.

2.3. Ho fumana data

Lintlha tsa DTI li fumanoe ho sebelisoa sesebelisoa sa Nokia 3.0-T (Magnetom Verio, Siemens, Erlangen, Jeremane) ka tatellano e le 'ngoe ea thunya-echo echo planar imaging le tatellano e latelang: TR = 7000 ms, TE = 95 ms, flip angle = 90 °, FOV = 256 mm × 256 mm, size ea matrix = 128 × 128, slice thickness = 3 mm, 48 slices with no gap, 64 encoding diffusion directions with ab ab of 1,000 s / mm2, 'me moqolo o le mong o ile oa fumanoa ntle le boima bo fapaneng (b = 0 s / mm2). Magnetization ea T1 - boima ba 'mele bo hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng o hlophisitsoeng ka potlako-tatellano ea echo e sebelisitsoe ho fumana letoto la lits'oants'o tse 192 tsa sagittal high-resolution tsa anatomical tse nang le mekhahlelo e latelang: TR = 2,000 ms, TE = 2.34 ms, TI = 900 ms, flip angle = 9 °, FOV = 256 mm × 256 mm, botenya ba selae = 1 mm, le boholo ba matrix = 256 × 256.

2.4. Ts'ebetso ea data ea DTI

Ts'ebetso ea DTI e entsoe ho sebelisoa lebokose la lisebelisoa la FMRIB (FSL 4.0, http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl) 'Me e ne e e-na le mehato e latelang: lintho tse khopamisitsoeng hajoale le liemahale tsa motsamao oa hlooho litlalehong tsohle tsa DTI li ile tsa lokisoa ka ho sebelisa tatellano ea setšoantšo se seng le se seng sa "diffusion" sa setšoantšo sa setšoantšo sa nondiffusion; lehata le ile la hloboloa litšoantšong tsa motsamaisi e mong le e mong tsa DTI a sebelisa sesebelisoa se matla sa ho ntša boko (BET); le FA, limmapa tsa axial diffusivity (RD), le axial diffusivity (AD) li ile tsa baloa ho sebelisoa lebokose la lisebelisoa la FMRIB ho FSL. Li-indices tsa phallo ea motho ka mong (FA, RD, le AD) li ile tsa ngolisoa kahare ho sebaka sa MNI ho sebelisoa mekhoa e 'meli ea mehato. Taba ea mantlha, boko bo ntšitsoeng b = Litšoantšo tsa 0 tsa sehlooho ka seng li ile tsa ngolisoa ka botebo le litšoantšo tsa hae tsa T1 ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa affine (mekhahlelo e 12); joale, litšoantšo tsa T1 li ne li kentsoe kahare ho template ea T1 ea sebaka sa MNI; qetellong, lits'oants'o tsa phallo li ngotsoe sebakeng sa MNI ho sebelisoa mekhahlelo ea affine e hlahisitsoeng ho tsoa mehatong e kaholimo mme ea hlahisoa ho 2 × 2 × 2 mm3. Limmapa tse tloaelehileng tsa FA, RD, le AD li ntlafalitsoe ka "isotropic Gaussian kernel" ea 6 ‐ mm ka bophara bo felletseng ka halofo e kholo.

2.5. Tlhahlobo ea statistical

Mehlala e 'meli tLitlhahlobo li sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba liphapang tsa lilemo, thuto, nako ea papali ea inthanete (hrs / letsatsi), lintlha tsa IAT, lintlha tsa SAS, lintlha tsa SDS, BIS ‐ 11 lintlha, le maemo a kelello a sebelisang SPSS 18.0. Teko ea sekwere ea Chi ‐ e sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba liphapang tsa sehlopha sa batho ba tsubang. Boemo ba bohlokoa bo thehiloe ho p <.05.

Tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e bohlale ea Voxel ea likamano lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oane le litekanyetso tsa FA e entsoe ka ho sebelisa liteko tsa FSL tse thehiloeng ho tumello e nang le tumello e sa reroang ea 5,000. Litekanyetso tsa FA li ne li nkuoa e le mefuta e itšetlehileng ka eona, sehlopha (HCs vs. IGD), BIS-11 (RI, AI, MI, le NI), 'me litšebelisano tsa bona li nkuoa e le mefuta e khahlisang e ikemetseng, le lilemo, lintlha tsa SAS, le SDS lintlha li ne li nkuoa e le mefuta e ferekanyang. Lintlha tsa BIS-11 (RI, AI, MI, le NI) tsa sehlooho ka seng li ile tsa nyenyefatsoa sehlopheng ka seng pele li kenella mohlaleng. Template ea mantlha ea WM e khabisitsoeng ka monyako> 0.3 e sebelisitsoe e le mask ho thibela lipalo tsa lipalo libakeng tsa WM. Taba ea mantlha, likamano lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oanelehe le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa sehlopha ka seng li hakantsoe ka ho bala li-coefficients tsa khatello lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA ba voxel e ngoe le e ngoe kahare ho mask ea WM le lintlha tsa BIS-11 (RI, AI, MI, le NI). Ka mor'a moo, liphapang tsa lihlopha tsa li-coefficients tsa khatello li ile tsa bapisoa le mohlala. Ntlafatso ea sehlotšoana sa mahala sa Threshold (TFCE) e sebelisitsoe ho lokisa lipapiso tse ngata (p <.05).

Likarolo tse nang le phapang e kholo ea ho kenella lipakeng tsa litumellano lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA le BIS ‐ 11 (RI, AI, MI, le NI) li hlalositsoe e le libaka tsa lithahasello (ROI). Litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa FA ho ROI li ile tsa ntšoa ka nako eo. Lintlha tsa ROI ‐ tse mabapi le ho lekana ho lekanang lipakeng tsa boleng bo pakeng ba FA le BIS ‐ 11 (RI, AI, MI, le NI) le tsona li ile tsa etsoa sehlopheng ka seng ka mor'a ho laola lilemo le lipalo tsa SAS le SDS ho netefatsa liphetho tsa liphetho tsa voxel ‐ sekaseke se bohlale. Khalemelo ea Bonferroni e sebelisitsoe ho laola lipapiso tse ngata.

Tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e bohlale ea Voxel ea liphapang tsa li-intergroup ho FA, AD, le RD li entsoe ho sebelisoa liteko tsa FSL tse thehiloeng ho tumello e sa sebetseng ka tumello e sa reroang ea 5,000. TFCE e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lokisa lipapiso tse ngata (p <.05).

3. PUSELETSO

3.1. Lintlha tsa sechaba le tsa bongaka

Ho ne ho se na phapang e kaalo lipakeng tsa lilemo, thuto, maemo a kelello, kapa sekhahla sa ho tsuba. Ha ho le ea mong oa lithuto eo a neng a tloaetse ho sebelisa joala. Nako ea papali ea inthanete e bapalang nako (hrs / letsatsi), lintlha tsa IAT, lintlha tsa SAS, lintlha tsa SDS, le BIS ‐ 11 (RI, AI, MI, le NI) li ne li phahame haholo sehlopheng sa IGD ho feta se neng se le ho li-HC. Lintlha tsohle tsa palo ea batho le tsa bongaka li thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 1.

Lethathamo 1 

Lintlha tsa sechaba le tsa bongaka

3.2. Voxel ‐ bapisoa ka tsela e bohlale

Patlisiso ea bohlale ea voxel ‐ e senotse hore, sehlopheng sa HC, lintlha tsa RI li ne li sa tsamaellane hantle le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa libaka tse ikemetseng tsa lefatše, parietal, le occipital WM le khetla le nepahetseng la kahare. Chelete ea MI e ne e hokahane hampe le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa libaka tse ikhethileng tsa pele, tsa nakoana, tsa parietal, le tsa occipital WM, Corpus callosum, le boemo ba morao ba kapelo e nepahetseng ea kahare. Boleng ba FA ba kharetene ea kantle ea naha, sebaka se ka morao sa khase e nepahetseng ea kahare, le libaka tse nepahetseng tsa WM tsa paripital le parietal li bonts'itse likamano tse mpe ka lintlha tsa NI (p <.05, tokiso ea TFCE) (Setšoantšo 1). Ha ho na khokahano ea bohlokoa ea lintlha tsa BIS ‐ 11 tse nang le boleng ba FA ho WM eohle sehlopheng sa IGD.

Setšoantšo sa 1 

Libaka tsa methapo e bonts'a likhohlano tse mpe lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA le ho se kenelletse (RI, MI, NI) ho li-HCs

Patlisiso ea bohlale ea voxel ‐ e bonts'a hore, ha ho bapisoa le li-HC, bacha ba IGD ba bonts'itse kamano e phahameng lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa RI le boleng ba 'nete ba CST (setulong se ka morao sa mokokotlo oa kahare). Bacha ba IGD ba boetse ba bonts'itse likhakanyo tse phahameng lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa NI le boleng ba FA CF e nepahetseng (setulong se ka morao sa mokokotlo), le lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa NI le boleng ba FA ba sebaka se nepahetseng sa occipital WM (p <.05, tokiso ea TFCE) (Tafole 2, Setšoantšo 2). Ho ne ho se na liphapang tse kholo lipakeng tsa litokollo tsa lintlha tsa AI le MI tse nang le boleng ba FA ho WM eohle.

Setšoantšo sa 2 

Libaka tsa Brain tse bonts'ang lihokelo pakeng tsa boleng ba FA le BIS FA 11 (RI le NI) ho bacha ba IGD ha ba bapisoa le li-HC. (a), CST e nepahetseng (karolong e ka morao ea khase ea kahare); (b), CST e nepahetseng (setulong se ka morao ho sebaka ...

Lethathamo 2 

Libaka tse bonts'ang liphapang tse kholo lipakeng tsa litumellano lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA le ho susumetsoa

3.3. ROI ‐ tlhahlobisiso e nepahetseng ea khokahano

Lihlotšoana tse tharo tse nang le phapang e kholo ea ho kenella lipakeng tsa litumellano lipakeng tsa boleng ba FA le ho hloka matla li hlalositsoe e le li-ROI. Patlisiso ea ROI ‐ e amanang le kamano e senotse khokahano e mpe pakeng tsa lintlha tsa BIS ‐ 11 (RI and NI) le boleng ba FA ka har'a li-ROI tse tharo ho li-HC (p <.05 / 6, tokiso ea Bonferroni), athe likamano tse ntle li ile tsa bonoa lipakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa FA tsa CST e nepahetseng le lintlha tsa BIS-11 (RI le NI) sehlopheng sa IGD (p <.05 / 6, tokiso ea Bonferroni) (Setšoantšo 2). Ha ho na khokahano ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa boleng ba FA ba sebaka se nepahetseng sa occipital WM le lintlha tsa NI sehlopheng sa IGD.

3.4. Lipapiso tse akaretsang tsa boleng ba FA, RD le AD

Ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo ea li-intergroup ho 'nete ea FA, RD, kapa AD lipapisong tsa bohlale tsa voxel ‐ tse bohlale ho pholletsa le WM eohle.

4. TLOTLISO

Thutong ena, ho fetotsoe likamano lipakeng tsa bots'epehi ba WM le ho se ts'oenyehe ho bacha ba IGD li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Ho li-HC, litekanyetso tsa FA tsa libaka tse ngata tsa WM li bonts'itse likamano tse mpe le ho se ts'oarehe, ho lumellanang le sephetho sa phuputso e fetileng mabapi le likamano lipakeng tsa botšepehi ba litaba tse tšoeu le ho liehisa boits'oaro ba litheolelo lithutong tse nyane tse phetseng hantle (Olson et al. 2009). Bacha ba IGD ba bontšitse khokahano e ntle kapa e sa reng letho lipakeng tsa ho ts'oaroa le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa CST e nepahetseng le sebaka se nepahetseng sa Wip se bapisoa le ho ikamahanya hampe ho HCs.

CST e na le likhoele tse tsoang mothapong oa mantlha, oa pelehi, koloi ea tlatsetso, somatosensory, parietal, le cingates cortices ho lesapo la mokokotlo mme e bapala likarolo tsa bohlokoa phetisong ea leseli e amanang le koloi, joalo ka motsamao oa boithaopo le taolo ea makoloi (Porter, 1985). Liphuputso tse fetileng tsa neuroimaging li fane ka bopaki ba hore likarolo tsa projeke ea CST li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ferekanyeng ho se ts'oanehe lithutong tse phetseng hantle (Brown et al., 2006; Farr et al., 2012). Phuputso ea fMRI ea lino tse noang hantle e senotse hore ts'ebetsong ea sebaka se ka pele sa makoloi / sebaka sa pele ho nako nakong ea ts'ebetso ea thibelo e ne e amana haholo le sekhahla sa ho hloka maikutlo, se bonts'ang hore ho se ts'oenyehe ho hoholo ho amana le ho senyeha hoa sistimi ea taolo ea makoloi (Weafer et al., 2015). Phuputso e entsoeng ke Olson et al. (2009) e senotse hore litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa FA tsa CST e nepahetseng li ne li amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e fokolang ea ts'ebetso mosebetsing oa ho theola litheko ho bacha ba phetseng hantle. Thutong ea rona, likamano tse mpe lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oanelehe le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa CST e nepahetseng li fumanoe ho li-HC, tse neng li lumellana le liphetho tsa lithuto tsa Olson. Tlhatlhobo ea Kelvin ea voxel - bohlale e amanang le khokahano e bonts'itse hore litekanyetso tse tlase tsa FA tsa "crus posterior" ea "capsule" ea kahare li amahanngoa le ho eketseha ha tšusumetso joalo ka ha e lekantsoe ke BIS-11 ho basebelisi ba sa foleng ba cocaine (Lim et al., 2008). Liphetho tsena li bonts'a hore likhokahano tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ho kena-kenana le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa CST ho bacha ba IGD li ka bonts'a liphetoho tse ka etsahalang tsa WM tse ka amanang le ho ts'oaroa ho hoholo ha bacha ba IGD.

Thutong ea rona, bacha ba IGD ha baa ka ba bontša liphetoho tse kholo ho boleng ba FA, AD, kapa RD ha ba bapisoa le li-HC, empa ba bonts'a likamano tse ntle lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oane le litekanyetso tsa FA ha li bapisoa le likamano tse mpe haholo ho li-HC. Ho na le litlhaloso tse peli tse ka bang teng mabapi le likamano tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oanehe le metriki ea DTI ho bacha ba IGD ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa metro ea DTI. Lintho tsa lefutso li kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea IGD (Li, Chen, Li, & Li, 2014). Bacha ba IGD ba ingolisitseng thutong ea rona ba ne ba ntse ba le mothating oa ho holisa mmele, mme mefuta e fapaneng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e kanna ea ba bakela ho nts'etsopele ea WM le polasetiki ka mekhoa e fapaneng e amanang le lithuto tse phetseng hantle (Giedd & Rapoport, 2010). Ka hona, limelo tse fapaneng tsa lefutso e kanna ea ba karolo e ikarabellang bakeng sa likamano tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oanehe le metriki ea DTI ho bacha ba IGD. Leha ho le joalo, tlhaloso ena e hloka netefatso le lithuto tsa lefutso nakong e tlang. Tlhaloso e 'ngoe e ka bang teng ea likamano tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oane le metrics ea DTI ho bacha ba IGD e amana le phello ea IGD ho li-microstructures tsa WM. Botšepehi bo eketsehileng ba WM ba CST ho batho ba IGD bo bontšitsoe lithutong tse fetileng (Jeong et al., 2016; Yuan et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2015). Le ha ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo ea mekhahlelo ea li-metric tsa DTI tsa CST, likamano tse ntle li fumanoe lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oane le litekanyetso tsa FA ho bacha ba IGD, tse bonts'ang tloaelo ho bacha ba IGD ea ho ba le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa FA bakeng sa ho thibela ho kenella. Bacha ba IGD ba ngolisitseng thutong ea rona ba ne ba sena liphetoho tse kholo ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebeliso ea maikutlo, e neng e fana ka maikutlo a hore IGD e bile le tšusumetso e tlase ts'ebetsong ea bona ea ts'ebeliso nakong ea tlhahlobo, mme thuto ea longitudinal ea hlokahala ho netefatsa matla a matla a IGD ho li-microstructures tsa WM. Ntle le moo, lithuto tse ngata tsa fMRI tsa taolo ea thibelo ho bacha ba IGD li bontšitse ho se ts'oenyehe ho hoholo le taolo e tlase ea thibelo e tsamaeang le ts'ebetso ea kelello e sa sebetseng ho precentral gyrus le motor motor supplemental ho bacha ba IGD ha e bapisoa le lithuto tse phetseng hantle (Chen et al., 2015; Ding et al., 2014; Dong et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2014; Luijten et al., 2015). Ha li kopantsoe, liphumano tsena li etsa hore ho be bonolo ho tiisa hore libaka tse sebetsang tsa sebopeho sa motor motor, ho kenyeletsa le lipampitšana tsa cortex le lipapatso tsa fiber ea WM, li ne li amana le ho ts'oaroa ho hoholo ha bacha ba IGD.

Ntle le moo, ho fapana le li-HC, likamano lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oane le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa sebaka se nepahetseng sa WM sa occipital li nyametse ho bacha ba IGD thutong ea rona. Litekanyetso tse ntseng li eketseha tsa FA tsa occMital WM li bontšitsoe ho bacha ba IGD, tse ka hlahang boemong ba bobeli ho bapala papali ea inthanete e pheta-phetoang (Jeong et al., 2016). Bophahamo ba taba e bohlooho kahare ho cortex ea occipital bo ne bo hokahane hantle le lintlha tsa ho lemalla papali ea video le palo ea lipapali tsa video tsa bophelo bohle (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014). Hape, ts'ebetso e kotsi ho Iowa Papali ea Ho becha e ne e amana le phokotso ea bots'epehi ba WM ho lithuto tse itšetlehileng ka joala (Zorlu et al., 2013). Ho a utloahala ho beha taba ea hore, e le phetisetso ea tlhaiso-leseling e bonahalang, WM e nepahetseng ea semmuso e ka ba le liphetoho tse ka etsahalang ho bacha ba IGD tse entseng hore ho be le liphetoho lipakeng tsa boleng le lipallo tsa FA.

Meeli e meng ea thuto ena le eona e lokela ho hlokomeloa. Taba ea mantlha, moralo oa karolo ea thuto ea rona o re thibelletse ho fihlela qeto mabapi le kamano e teng lipakeng tsa maiketsetso a sieo le IGD. Ho sebetsana le hore na likhokahano tse sieo ho bacha ba IGD li bakoa ke ntlafatso e sa tloaelehang ea sebopeho kapa sekondari ho IGD, lithuto tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le lithuto tse telele li lumelletsoe. Taba ea bobeli, ke bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha feela ba kenyellelitsoeng thutong ea rona ka lebaka la ho ata ha IGD ho banna ba banyenyane ba amanang le basali le lihlopha tse ling tsa lilemo. Liphumano tsa rona li lokela ho nkuoa e le tse tobileng ho bacha ba batona ba nang le IGD. Qetellong, tlhahlobo ea IGD e neng e ipapisitse le mehato ea tlaleho ea boits'oaro (YDQ le IAT) e sa lokelang ho lekana, lipuisano tse tebileng tsa tlhahlobo ea kliniki li lokela ho kenyeletsoa tlhahlobo ea IGD lipatlisisong tse tlang.

Ha re phethela, likamano tse mpe lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oanelehe le litekanyetso tsa FA libakeng tse ngata tsa WM ho li-HC li bonts'itse mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa taolo ea tšusumetso ea maikutlo lithutong tse phetseng hantle. Likhokahano tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oanelehe le litekanyetso tsa FA tsa CST le occipital WM ho bacha ba IGD li ka bonts'a liphetoho tse ka bang teng tsa WM microstructural tse ka amanang le ho hlohlelletsoa ho hoholo ha bacha ba IGD. Ho se utloisoe bohloko le tlhokomelo e khethiloeng ho tlalehiloe hore e kentse letsoho ho pathogenesis ea IGD mme e amana le ho tiea ha IGD thutong ea kalafo ea meriana ea IGD (Song et al., 2016). Boithuto ba rona bo ile ba hlalosa litlatsetso tsa "neurobiological" bakeng sa ho kenella lilemong tsa bocha tsa IGD, mme ba hatella hore kalafo e lebisitsoeng ho ntlafatsa khokahano e fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ts'usumetso le botsitso ba WM e tla tiisa lipatlisiso tse ling.

TŠEBELETSO EA BATHO

Ha ho letho le boletsoeng.

Notes

Du X, Liu L, Yang Y, le al. Ho nahana ka mokhoa o thata oa boits'oaro ba sebopeho sa litaba tse tšoeu li amana le ho se ts'oenyehe ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete. Brain Behav. 2017; 7: e00753 https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.753

Boitsebiso ba bafani

Xiaodong Li, Email: moc.621@9189918dxl.

Quan Zhang, Email: moc.361@2190nauqgnahz.

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